CN104205386A - A polymer transducer and a connector for a transducer - Google Patents
A polymer transducer and a connector for a transducer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104205386A CN104205386A CN201380019131.8A CN201380019131A CN104205386A CN 104205386 A CN104205386 A CN 104205386A CN 201380019131 A CN201380019131 A CN 201380019131A CN 104205386 A CN104205386 A CN 104205386A
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- transducer
- conductor
- core
- container
- compliance
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title description 10
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001746 electroactive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010339 dilation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/872—Interconnections, e.g. connection electrodes of multilayer piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/06—Forming electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/063—Forming interconnections, e.g. connection electrodes of multilayered piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/857—Macromolecular compositions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/877—Conductive materials
- H10N30/878—Conductive materials the principal material being non-metallic, e.g. oxide or carbon based
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a transducer (8) comprising conductors (9, 10) and a laminate (2, 3). The laminate comprises a film of a dielectric polymer material (2) arranged between first and second electrodes (3). Each electrode (3) is in electrically conductive communication with at least one of the conductors (9, 10) to facilitate an electrical potential between the electrodes (3) and thereby enable deflection of the polymer material (2) in response to an electrical field. At least one of the conductors (9, 10) is an elastically deformable conductor comprising a compliant core (9) which is electrically conductive. The core is enclosed in a containment (10) having elastomeric properties.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transducer that comprises laminated piece, this laminated piece has the film of a kind of dielectric polymer material between ground floor and the second layer that is arranged in a kind of electric conducting material.Conductor contributes to apply electromotive force between this ground floor and the second layer, and due to the electric field that may occur, in the time that this ground floor and the second layer move toward each other or away from each other, this polymeric material deforms.
Background technology
Electrical potential difference between two electrodes on an elastomeric apparent surface produces an electric field that causes attraction.Consequently, the change of distance between electrode and this variation cause the compression of elastomeric material, and this elastomeric material is out of shape thus.This class formation can be used for manufacturing the transducer for different objects.In the time implementing as actuator, owing to having certain similitude with muscle, they are called as " artificial muscle " sometimes.They can also be used as the transducer of sensing strain, deflection, variations in temperature, pressure etc., or they can, as generator for converting mechanical energy to electric energy, be called as energy harvesting sometimes.At this, we will claim that these structures are transducer or polymer transducers generally.
US 6,376,971 has disclosed a kind of compliance (compliant) electrode, this compliance electrode contacts placement with a kind of polymer, and its mode is for making, in the time that spaning electrode applies electrical potential difference, the electric field producing between electrode shrinks electrode relative to each other, thereby makes this polymer deflection.
Due to the distortion of polymer, electrode moves, and the connector that electrode is connected to power supply must be followed all the time to the motion of electrode.Typically, this connector is made long enough to avoid electrode to form the free-moving constraint to polymer and therefore to reduce the efficiency of equipment.Significantly, long connector may be intertwined or be in the way.In addition, As time goes on may experience fatigue, thereby the electricity of reduction connector is led or connector may complete failure.Finally, be difficult to generally provide electric field being uniformly distributed on very thin electrode.Normally, the resistance of electrode is high, and resistance can increase according to the dilation of polymer.
Extraly, traditional connector is typically only attached to the electrode that the end points (a single attachment point) at this connector is located, because otherwise this connector will limit the motion of electrode and the strain of limit polymerization thing thus again.Because this single-point is attached, may be difficult to obtain electric field being uniformly distributed on typically very thin electrode.
Summary of the invention
The object of embodiments of the invention is to provide a kind of transducer, a kind of connector for transducer and a kind of for the manufacture of improving potentially performance and reducing the method for the transducer of the above-mentioned shortcoming of existing connector.Particularly, be improved to electrode or come the conductance of self-electrode, life-span of improving the distribution in electrode and improving transducer the object that can be counted as embodiment
According to first aspect, the invention provides a kind of transducer that comprises multiple conductors and a laminated piece, this laminated piece comprises the film that is arranged in a dielectric polymer material between first and second electrode, and at least one in each electrode and these conductors is electrically communicated with to contribute to the electromotive force between electrode and make thus this polymeric material can be in response to electric deflection, wherein at least one in these conductors is the conductor of elastically deformable, this conductor comprises the core of the compliance of a conduction, this core is enclosed in a container (containment) with rubber elastomer characteristics.
Because this core is to be made up of the material of compliance and conductivity, the present invention provides connectedness with a kind of connector, this connector can be elastically deformable to mate the strain of this film, and at least reduced about this conductivity core or avoided tired risk completely.Therefore, this connector can be followed the motion of electrode and do not limited the motion of film.
Conductivity refers to that at this it can conduction current, for example, have lower than 10
-4the Ohmic resistance rate of Ω cm, as the resistivity in the electrical resistivity range of aluminium, copper, silver or the alloy that contains this metalloid.
The dielectric material of this film can be a kind of polymer, and for example a kind of elastomer, as silicone elastomer, as weak bonding silicone.Suitable elastomer is the Elastosil RT 625 being manufactured by Wacker Chemical Co.,Ltd (Wacker-Chemie).Alternately, can use the Elastosil RT 622 or the Elastosil RT 601 that are also manufactured by Wacker Chemical Co.,Ltd.As a replacement scheme, can select the polymer of other kinds.
Using be not elastomeric dielectric material in the situation that, should be understood that this dielectric material should have class rubber elastomer characteristics, as aspect elasticity.Therefore, this dielectric material should be to be deformable to such degree to make because this compound of distortion of dielectric material can deflection also promote and/or pull thus.
Electrode can have the thickness within the scope of 0.01 to 0.1 μ m, and film can have the thickness between 10 μ m and 200 μ m, as between 20 μ m and 150 μ m, as between 30 μ m and 100 μ m, as between 40 μ m and 80um.
Electrode can have and is less than 10
-4the resistivity of Ω cm.By a kind of electrode with low-down resistivity is provided, the all-in resistance of electrode will can not become excessive, even if used very long electrode.
These electrodes can be made up of metal or electrical conductivity alloy, for example, be made up of the metal that being selected from the group forming as the metal of silver, gold and nickel.Alternately, can select other applicable metal or electrical conductivity alloies.Electrode can use physical vapour deposition (PVD) (PVD) technology of the business of standard to be applied to dielectric film.
The dielectric material of film can have and is greater than 10
10the resistivity of Ω cm.Preferably, the resistivity of this dielectric material, far above the resistivity of these electrodes, is preferably up to few 10
14-10
18doubly.
This container can be by a kind of elastomer, or is made up of a kind of material with rubber elastomer characteristics (having and the material of the similar feature of elastomer about conductivity and elasticity).
This compliance core can comprise fluid, grease, gel, elastomer, powder, paste or their mixture, as the metal dust in gel.
This laminated piece can comprise a film with the dielectric material of first surface and second surface, and at least this first surface comprises picture on surface projection and surface depression part.The first conductive layer deposition also forms electrode thereon to this picture on surface.For compound can be extended in a clearly defined direction,, for compliance is provided, this electrode has bellows-shaped, and this bellows-shaped makes this conductive layer be longer than this laminated piece in this longitudinal length in longitudinal length.Thereby the bellows-shaped of electrode is conducive to make this laminated piece to stretch in the vertical and electrode upwards can not be stretched the party, but only the bellows-shaped of electrode is evened up.The bellows-shaped of electrode can be the duplicate of the picture on surface of this film.
Because being deposited on the picture on surface of film and by its shape, electrode forms, can define point-device shape of the ripple of this electrode, and can provide towards distortion on specific direction and improved compliance by the suitable design of the picture on surface on film.Therefore, when use laminated piece in transducer time, this laminated piece can contribute to increase actuation force or increase generally the conversion ratio between mechanical energy and electric energy, increases the life-span and improves the reaction time.
The compliance of laminated piece in compliance direction can be than it at least 50 times greatly of compliances in non-compliance direction (perpendicular to compliance direction).
In one embodiment, this laminated piece can comprise layered composite, for example by by film separately and together with at least one electrode, be arranged in one stacking in and these layers are departed from toward each other and their are evened up simultaneously by applying an electrical potential difference between the each adjacent electrode in this is stacking.Due to the characteristic of film, this may combine these layers.As a replacement scheme or additionally, these layers can be by being arranged in the adhesive combination between each layer.Adhesive should preferably select not weaken the compliance of this sandwich construction.Therefore, can preferably select identical material for film and adhesive, or at least select the modulus of elasticity having to be less than the adhesive of the modulus of elasticity of film.
These composite layers in this layered composite should be preferably identical to ensure when apply electric field, layer homogeneous deformation that this layered composite is all.In addition, possible advantage is that the wave pattern of each layer is provided in such a way, makes the crest of a layer approach the crest of adjacent layer, or makes the crest of a layer approach the trough of adjacent layer.
This container can be conduction and compliance core and electrode separation can be passed to the conducting of container to electrode to realize from this core, this container can have the ability to protect and fix this core thus, and makes it possible to conduct from core to electrode simultaneously.
This conductor can be formed as traditional electric wire of slender bodies shape.In another embodiment, this conductor can be formed as circle, ellipse or be suitable for one of these electrodes set up electric connection other shape bag.
In one embodiment, this laminated piece can be arranged to coiled arrangement, and can be formed on thus a rolled body between two end faces with the body extending vertically.Therefore, a very long length of this laminated piece can, in a kind of form of compression by a larger margin, and have layered composite thus simultaneously.
Electrode can have anisotropic retractility, or anisotropic compliance.This anisotropic compliance/retractility may be caused by being formed on electrode on waved surface pattern.This picture on surface can be created a kind of electrode, and this electrode length is in one direction longer than in fact the length of this laminated piece former state, and therefore this laminated piece can stretch in one direction and not stretch this electrode.This provides the compliance in this direction, i.e. anisotropic retractility.On the contrary, lacking in the other direction compliance also can be provided by identical electrode, because it is than in fact still less elastically deformable of film.Ratio between the modulus of elasticity of electrode and the modulus of elasticity of film can be to be greater than 200.
Laminated piece can be reeled and make electric field cause radial expansion or the contraction of this rolled body with respect to anisotropic retractility in one embodiment.
In order to promote the conductivity between conductor and electrode to be communicated with, this container can form around a contact-making surface in these end faces.In one embodiment, this first and second electrode can contact this container on an end face of each comfortable rolled body, can make thus rolled body in response to electric field (being the electromotive force between two end faces of rolled body) radial expansion or contraction.
This laminated piece can be formed as making one of these electrodes to be formed as the edge of film, makes electrode extend to contacted end face, makes the outer surface of this container and end face can be positioned at a plane and electrically contact with the electrode of end-blocking on this end face.
Another electrode can be formed as on the contrary at the edge of the film of contrary direction, makes this electrode extend to another contact end face, is conducive to thus contacting between this another electrode and another conductor.These two electrodes all only extend to an edge (being opposite edges) of film thus, and each electrode is only contacted with a conductor.At the mid portion of film, there is the lap of these electrodes, wherein this film can be out of shape between electrode.
In order to promote contacting between electrode and conductor, this compliance core can directly contact with the surface of one of this first and second electrode.This can be by providing the hole in this container to promote, this hole is arranged at the contact end of rolled body.
In another embodiment, this laminated piece can be reeled perpendicular to anisotropic retractility, and electric field causes longitudinal dilatation or the contraction of rolled body thus.
In another embodiment again, laminated piece can be folded to have the layered composite that reduces length along the length of this laminated piece.
The electricity of this container is led (G (I/V)) can be in the electricity of compliance core be led the scope of 1 to 50 percentage of (G).
The elastic elongation of this container can be in 10 of the elastic elongation of film to the scope of 200 percentages.' elastic elongation ' refers at this, the percentage elongation that can reach in the situation that not making polymeric material permanent deformation.
In one embodiment, this container and film can comprise identical polymeric material.
This compliance core can comprise the at room temperature metal for liquid.Therefore this conductor can be manufactured at lower temperature, and at this temperature, this metal is that solid makes it surround this core to be conducive to the location of this container.Subsequently, this conductor can arrange at room temperature, and this core becomes liquid thus.
Additionally, this compliance core can comprise the material in the group of selecting free the following composition: aluminium, copper, nickel, silver, carbon, mercury and their combination.As mentioned above, this core can comprise fluid, grease, gel, elastomer, powder, paste or their mixture, as the metal dust in gel, or conductive carbon powders.
In addition, this compliance core can comprise a kind of amorphous alloy, i.e. a kind of amorphous alloy.These alloys can contain the atom of remarkable different sizes, cause the low free volume under liquid state.In addition, these alloys soften and flow in the time of heating.
In one embodiment, this container can be tubulose, has the inner chamber extending in the axial direction.
The cross section of this container can in axial direction change.As an example, this cross section can be substantially circular, has the area that increases and reduce, and this outer surface is waveform.This advantage that may have is, this container can be elongated and not be reduced in the area of section of the thinnest position inner chamber.In the time that conductor is stretched, container is out of shape by reducing the locational area of section that this container is the thickest, makes can be reduced at these locational areas of section.
Should be appreciated that this area of section can be any shape, this container can have the noncircular cross section of direction perpendicular to axial direction.
In order to reduce from the danger of this container seepage, if this container is broken or is destroyed in any other mode, this container can form multiple compartments, and each compartment surrounds a compliance core.Can guarantee thus compliance core or its part seepage from single compartment only in the situation that container damages.
In order to be conducive to this deformable conductor, to run through total length be current-carrying, and each compliance core can be in electric connection by the conductivity of this container and adjacent compliance core.
In addition, this container can only contain compliance core, for example, by guaranteeing that this container does not contain bubble or analog, because such bubble may hinder or reduce along the current-carrying of the length of this conductor.An especially problem in the expansion process of conductor of bubble, because its area of section can reduce in expansion process.
Also can be by selecting a compliance core to be conducive to the electric connection of the length that runs through conductor, this compliance core comprises a kind of incompressible medium (as a kind of liquid or a kind of powder), because this incompressible medium also can extend along the total length of conductor in its expansion process.
This transducer can comprise a control system in addition, and this control system can be determined the electrical feature of conductor and determine the elongation of conductor by it.Can be resistance, electric capacity, inductance or its combination as these electrical characteristics of example.
In an embodiment of transducer, at least one in these conductors can be substantially along compliance direction with one of these electrodes conductive communication so that this polymeric material can carry out deflection in response to electric field.Therefore, conductor itself can expand and shrink together with laminated piece.In the time that this conductor is parallel to the placement of compliance direction and place within +/-45 degree with compliance direction, this conductor can be communicated with conductively along compliance direction.
This laminated piece can reel to form a rolled body along compliance direction, makes electric field cause radial expansion or the contraction of this rolled body.If this transducer comprises at least one and the conductive communication along one of electrode of compliance direction substantially in these conductors, it may guarantee that this conductor does not limit the motion of rolled body thus, because the conductor of elastically deformable can expand and shrink together with laminated piece.
For realizing the electromotive force between electrode, this conductor can be connected to a conventional wires.Compared with the conductor of conventional wires and elastically deformable, be rigidity like this, around joint because stress may occur concentrating of tension force.This stress may weaken this joint.
This conductor can comprise promotion functions and have at least two different pieces of different elastic characteristics.Be called as a major part and a transition portion in this this two parts.Being connected of the wire of the conductor that this transition portion can be conducive to this elastically deformable and traditional non-elastically deformable, and this transition region can be than still less elastically deformable of major part.The major part of this conductor should be understood to viscosity and/or be electrically coupled to the part of this conductor of one of these electrodes.It is not relevant to size it is to be further understood that main, because the major part of conductor can be greater than transition region and may be less than in other embodiments transition region in certain embodiments.
If conductor is formed as slender bodies, transitional region can be formed as an extension at this.In addition, a kind of conductor with bag-shaped formation (for example having round-shaped) can comprise the transition region that is formed as flange along the circumference of conductor or its part.
According to second aspect, the invention provides a kind of conductor that contains conduction compliance core, this conduction compliance core is enclosed in an elongated container of being made up of elastomer, and wherein this elastomer conducts electricity.
It should be understood that conductor according to a second embodiment of the present invention can comprise the above-mentioned any feature relevant to the first embodiment of the present invention, because these features go for the conductor of a second aspect of the present invention equally.
According to the third aspect, the invention provides the method for a kind of manufacture for the conductor of electroactive polymer transducers, the method comprises the following steps:
-a kind of core material is provided;
-that this core material is become is solid-state;
-by a container being molded in this core material at curing a kind of polymeric material around this core; And
-make this core material become liquid state.
Should be understood that, the feature of the first and second aspects of the present invention goes for method according to a third aspect of the invention we equally.
Brief description of the drawings
Further illustrate embodiments of the invention with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 a and 1b have shown an example of laminated piece,
Fig. 2 a and 2b have shown an example of the conductor that is connected to laminated piece,
Fig. 3 a and 3b have shown an example of the conductor that is connected to laminated piece,
Fig. 4 a and 4b have shown a kind of transducer being connected to according to the conductor of laminated piece of the present invention that comprises,
Fig. 5 a and 5b have shown two kinds of different configurations of the laminated piece of reeling,
Fig. 6 a-6d has shown the different embodiment of transducer,
Fig. 7 a-7d has shown the transducer of Fig. 6 a-6b with protective coating,
Fig. 8 a and 8b have shown a kind of transducer of the conductor that comprises the laminated piece that is connected to coiling,
Fig. 9 has shown a kind of transducer of conductor of the alternate embodiment that comprises the laminated piece that is connected to coiling,
Figure 10 has shown a kind of transducer that comprises the conductor that contains transition region, and this conductor is connected to the laminated piece of coiling,
Figure 11 has shown a kind of transducer that comprises the conductor that contains transition region, and this conductor is connected to laminated piece,
Figure 12 and Figure 13 have shown multiple conductor, and
Figure 14 a-14c has shown a kind of conductor.
Embodiment
Should be understood that, although detailed description and instantiation have shown embodiments of the invention, but they be only by show mode provide because from this detailed description the difference in the spirit and scope of the present invention change and amendment for those skilled in the art, will become very clear.
Fig. 1 a and 1b have shown the laminated piece 1 that comprises the film 2 that is arranged in the dielectric polymer material between first and second electrode 3,4.In Fig. 1 a, to be exposed to zero potential poor for laminated piece 1, and laminated piece 1 is exposed to high potential difference in Fig. 1 b.As shown at Fig. 1 b, in the time being exposed to electrical potential difference, film 2 expands, and electrode the 3, the 4th is evened up.
Laminated piece 1 comprises the film 2 of being made up of the dielectric material with upper surface and lower surface, and this upper surface and lower surface have pattern projection and surface depression part, forms thus the designed corrugated contours on this surface.A conductive layer has been applied to upper surface and lower surface, this conductive layer is formed electric conducting material deposition with the pattern of surface depression part according to projection, forms the first and second electrodes 3,4 thus at the opposite side of film 2.With regard to daily physics things, film 2 is similar to family expenses packaging film in some respects.It has similar thickness and is pliable and tough with soft comparably.But it has more elasticity than this film, and there is obvious mechanical anisotropy, as being described below.
Dielectric material can be elastomer or the other materials with similar features.
Due to pattern projection and surface depression part, electrode 3,4 can expand and even up along with film 2, and along with film 2 recovers its original-shape along being shunk by the defined direction of arrow 5 and can not cause damage to electrode 3,4, this direction has defined the direction of compliance thus.Therefore, laminated piece 1 is adapted to be and forms the part that can bear the compliance structure of large strain.
As mentioned above, before conductive layer deposition, running surface profile is imprinted directly into or is molded in dielectric film 2.This ripple allows to use the electrode material (as metal electrode) of high elastic modulus to manufacture compliance compound.This can use this conductive layer (being electrode 3,4) simultaneously and obtain without use pre-stretching or prestrain to dielectric film 2, and the waveform profiles of resulting composite 1 does not rely on the strain in dielectric film 2, do not rely on elasticity or other features of electrode 3,4 yet.Therefore, this corrugated contours is replicated at whole upper surface and the lower surface of film 2 substantially in a kind of consistent mode, and likely controls this and copy.In addition, this method provides a kind of possibility that uses standard replicated and volume to volume to apply, and makes thus the method be suitable for large-scale production.For example, electrode 3,4 can use business physical vapour deposition (PVD) (PVD) technology of standard to be applied to upper surface and the lower surface of dielectric film 2.An advantage of this method is, anisotropy is definite by designing, and actual anisotropy obtains as the feature of corrugated contours (being arranged on the surface of film 2) and the result of following the electrode 3,4 of corrugated contours.
Be designed to have the compliance within the scope of the compliance of film 2 in the direction being defined by arrow 5 at the laminated piece 1 shown in Fig. 1 a and 1b, and in the direction being defined by arrow 6 rigidity in the rigid scope of electrode 3,4.In Fig. 1 a and 1b, compliance direction is the length along composite material 1.
Fig. 2 a and 2b have shown the conductor 7a, the 7b that are connected to laminated piece 1, thus these conductors 7 are and electrode 3,4 conductive communication to promote electromotive force between these electrodes and make the deflection of film 2 can be in response to electric field.Conductor 7 is connected to this film in the direction of this laminated piece constraint, perpendicular to by the compliance direction shown in arrow 5.Therefore, this conductor 7 is conventionally by rigid material, as aluminium alloy, Copper Foil and analog are made.But a shortcoming of this connection is may become too high along the resistance of compliance direction, especially in the time that laminated piece is long.
Fig. 3 a and 3b have shown the conductor 7a, the 7b that are connected to laminated piece 1, thus these conductors 7 are and electrode 3,4 conductive communication to promote electromotive force between these electrodes and make the deflection of film 2 can be in response to electric field.Conductor 7 is connected to laminated piece 1 (being represented by arrow 5) in the direction of this laminated piece compliance.Therefore,, in the time that the electromotive force between electrode 3,4 causes deflection, conductor 7 must be stretchable to can follow film 2 in longitudinal deflection, along compliance length.Normally, conductor 7 is made up of soft, the stretchable conducting polymer with resistance, even if this causes the resistance of high resistance electrode of system very low.
Fig. 4 a and 4b have shown and have comprised the transducer 8 being connected to according to conductor 7a, the 7b of duplexer 1 of the present invention.Thereby conductor 7 is and electrode 3,4 conductive communication to promote electromotive force between this electrode and make the deflection of film 2 can be in response to electric field.Conductor 7 is connected to laminated piece 1 (being represented by arrow 5) in the direction of this laminated piece compliance.In order to obtain the stretchable conductor 7 that can loaded current enters electrode along the length of laminated piece, this conductor 7 comprises the conduction compliance core 9 being enclosed in the container 10 with rubber elastomer characteristics.Even if container 10 is made by having high-resistance elastomeric material, due to low thickness and the combination with low-resistance conductive cores 9 of container 10, the resistance of the conductor 7 of gained is low.This core can be by liquid or powder, and for example the carbon dust in gel or metal dust are made.Therefore, container 10 can encapsulate this compliance core 9.
Therefore, this system can be designed as to be had at the substantially invariable resistance in the process of this laminated piece that stretches because due to stretching, the resistance of core increase and in the time that container is stretched condenser resistance reduce.
Fig. 5 a and 5b have shown two kinds of different configurations of the laminated piece 1 of reeling.As shown in Figure 5 a, compliance direction (seeing arrow 5) is the length along this laminated piece 1, and the compliance direction of Fig. 5 b is to cross laminated piece 1.This is to indicate by crossing the fine rule along composite material 1 in composite material 1 and Fig. 5 b in Fig. 5 a, and these fine rules representatives form the projection of corrugated contours and patterns of concave surface portion.Laminated piece 1 can be very long length prepare, what so-called " endless " laminated piece wherein can be as shown in Fig. 5 a and 5b is stored as bobbin.This kind of semi-finished product for example can be used to, in the production of transducer and analog (actuator).
Fig. 6 a-6d has shown the different embodiment of transducer 8, and wherein transducer 8a is the simplest one.Transducer 8a-8d all comprises laminated piece 1 and the conductor 7 of coiling.Only show in the drawings a conductor 7, because other conductors are communicated with the electrodes conduct of the other end of the laminated piece that is positioned at coiling.Only show in the drawings in electrode 3,4, because only have this first electrode 3 to form on the edge of film 2, make electrode 3 extend to the contact end face of the laminated piece of coiling, make the outer surface of container 10 (not shown) and this end face be positioned at a plane and electrically contact with the electrode 3 stopping in this end.
Another electrode 4 (not shown) form in the opposite direction at the edge of film 2 on the contrary, make this electrode extend to another contact end face, are conducive to thus contacting between this another electrode 4 and another conductor (not shown).The edge (being opposite edges) that these two electrodes 3,4 only extend to film thus makes each in electrode 3,4 only contact with a conductor 7 like this.At the mid portion of film 2, there is the lap of these electrodes, wherein film 2 can be out of shape between electrode 3,4.
Transducer 8a comprises that having electricity leads the conductive cores 9 of G, and comprises the laminated piece 1 of the coiling of film 2 and electrode 3.
In Fig. 6 b, the part that transducer 8b forms the compliance conductive cores 9 that makes conductor 7 is like this placed between the film 2 and electrode 3 of laminated piece 1 of coiling.Non-conductive elastic sealing element 11 is arranged in groove.
In Fig. 6 c, conductive container 10 is arranged on the end of the laminated piece 1 of coiling.A part for conductive container 10 is placed in the groove between film 2 and the electrode 3 of laminated piece 1 of coiling in addition.
In the embodiment of the transducer 8d shown in Fig. 6 d, an additional conductive container 13 is arranged on the end of the laminated piece 1 of coiling.
Fig. 7 a-7d has shown the transducer 8a-8b of Fig. 6 a-6b, has a protective coating 14 of the end face of this conductor of encapsulation and this laminated piece.
Fig. 8 b has shown a transducer 8 of the conductor 7 that comprises the laminated piece 1 that is connected to coiling.Fig. 8 a has shown the laminated piece 1 of the coiling before bonding conductor 7.In illustrated embodiment, conductor 7 has slim-lined construction.Due to the elastically deformable of conductor 7, it can be reeled and be bending (referring to Fig. 8 b) to guarantee and the conductive communication of electrode (not shown).
As shown in the figure, this laminated piece is with respect to being reeled and made electric field cause radial expansion or the contraction by the rolled body shown in arrow 5 by the anisotropic retractility shown in fine rule.Because conductor 7 is elastically deformables, can guarantee that conductor 7 does not limit the motion of rolled body, because conductor 7 expands and shrinks together with the laminated piece 1 of reeling.
In order to realize the electromotive force between electrode, conductor 7 is connected to conventional wires 14 by joint 15.
Fig. 9 has shown another embodiment of the transducer 8 that comprises conductor 7, and this conductor 7 is connected to the laminated piece 1 of reeling in a longitudinal direction, and electric field causes longitudinal dilatation or the contraction of the rolled body as shown in by arrow 5 thus.Because conductor 7 is elastically deformables, conductor 7 expands and shrinks together with the laminated piece 1 of reeling.
In order to realize the electromotive force between electrode, conductor 7 is connected to conventional wires 14 by joint 15.
Figure 10 has shown a transducer 8 of the laminated piece 1 that comprises conductor 7 and reel.Transducer 8 is to similar with the transducer shown in 8b at Fig. 8 a.In order to realize the electromotive force between electrode, conductor 7 is connected to conventional wires 14 by joint 15.
The conductor 7 of comparing like this elastically deformable, conventional wires 14 is rigidity, concentrating on joint and around stress may occur due to tension force.This type of stress may make this joint weaken.
Therefore conductor 7 comprises two different parts, major part 7 ' and transition portion 16.Being connected of the wire 14 of the conductor 7 that transition portion 16 contributes to elastically deformable and traditional non-elastically deformable.This transition region 16 is than still less elastically deformable of major part 7 '.The major part 7 ' of conductor is the part of viscosity and/or the conductor 7 that is electrically coupled to one of these electrodes (not shown).
Figure 11 has shown another embodiment of the transducer 8 that comprises conductor 7, and this conductor 7 has the transition region 16 for connecting conventional wires 14.
Figure 12 and Figure 13 have shown the conductor 7 that comprises the compliance core 9 being enclosed in container 10.Conductor 7 is connected to conventional wires 14 by joint 15.Transition region 16 is not shown at these.
In Figure 12 and 13, container 10 comprises two compartments, comprises separately a compliance core 9.In Figure 13, in this container, be provided with opening to allow direct contact the between compliance core 9 and electrode (not shown).
Figure 14 a-14c has shown a kind of conductor 7.Figure 14 a and 14b have shown an example how assembling conductor 7, and this conductor comprises the compliance core 9 being enclosed in a container (having the conventional wires 14 by joint 15).
In Figure 14 c, show that conductor 7 is the expansion that how to cause this laminated piece in response to electric field together with laminated piece (not shown).
Claims (27)
1. a transducer that comprises multiple conductors and a laminated piece, this laminated piece comprises the film that is arranged in a dielectric polymer material between first and second electrode, and at least one the conductor conductivity in each electrode and these conductors is communicated with to contribute to an electromotive force between these electrodes and makes thus this polymeric material carry out deflection in response to an electric field, wherein at least one conductor in these conductors is the conductor of elastically deformable, this conductor comprises the compliance core of a conduction, and this core is enclosed in a container with rubber elastomer characteristics.
2. transducer according to claim 1, wherein this container be conduction and by this compliance core and this electrode separation to allow to by this container from this core to this electrodes conduct.
3. transducer according to claim 2, wherein this laminated piece is arranged to a kind of coiled arrangement and is formed on thus a rolled body between two end faces with a body extending vertically.
4. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein these electrodes have anisotropic retractility.
5. according to the transducer described in claim 3 and 4, wherein this laminated piece is to reel and make an electric field cause radial expansion or the contraction of this rolled body with respect to this anisotropic retractility.
6. according to the transducer described in any one in claim 3-5, wherein this container forms around a contact-making surface in these end faces.
7. according to the transducer described in any one in claim 3-6, wherein one of these electrodes form an edge of this film, make this electrode extend to this contact end face.
8. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein this compliance core directly contacts with the surface of one of these first and second electrodes.
9. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein to lead G (I/V) be in the electricity of this compliance core is led the scope of 1 to 50 percentage of G to the electricity of this container.
10. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein the elastic elongation of this container is in the scope of 10 to 200 percentages of the elastic elongation of this film.
11. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein this container and this film comprise identical polymeric material.
12. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein this compliance core comprises that a kind of is at room temperature the metal of liquid.
13. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein this compliance core comprises a kind of material in the group of selecting free the following composition: aluminium, copper, nickel, silver, carbon, mercury and their combination.
14. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein this compliance core comprises a kind of amorphous alloy.
15. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein this container is tubulose, has the inner chamber extending in the axial direction.
16. transducers according to claim 15, wherein this container has the cross section in axial direction changing.
17. according to the transducer described in any one in claim 15 or 16, and wherein this container has a noncircular cross section perpendicular to this axial direction.
18. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein this container forms multiple compartments, and each compartment surrounds a compliance core.
19. transducers according to claim 18, wherein each compliance core is by the conductivity of this container and adjacent compliance core electric connection.
20. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein this container only comprises this compliance core.
21. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein this compliance core comprises a kind of incompressible medium.
21. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, further comprises a control system, and this control system can be determined the electrical feature of this conductor and be determined the elongation of this conductor by this electrical feature.
22. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein one of at least one conductor in these conductors and these electrodes are substantially along a compliance direction conductive communication so that this polymeric material can carry out deflection in response to an electric field.
23. transducers according to claim 22, wherein this laminated piece is to reel to form a rolled body along this compliance direction, makes an electric field cause radial expansion or the contraction of this rolled body.
24. according to transducer in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein this conductor comprises than a still less transition region of elastically deformable of a major part of this conductor.
25. 1 kinds of conductors, comprise that is enclosed in the conduction compliance core in the elongated container of being made up of elastomer, and wherein this elastomer conducts electricity.
26. 1 kinds of manufactures are used for the method for the conductor of electroactive polymer transducers, and the method comprises the following steps:
-a kind of core material is provided;
-that this core material is become is solid-state;
-by a container being molded in this core material at curing a kind of polymeric material around this core; And
-make this core material become liquid state.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DKPA201200117 | 2012-02-14 | ||
| DKPA201200117 | 2012-02-14 | ||
| PCT/DK2013/000014 WO2013120493A1 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2013-02-12 | A polymer transducer and a connector for a transducer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104205386A true CN104205386A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380019131.8A Pending CN104205386A (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2013-02-12 | A polymer transducer and a connector for a transducer |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2815441A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104205386A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013120493A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP6766152B2 (en) | 2014-12-29 | 2020-10-07 | エラスティメッド・リミテッドＥｌａｓｔｉＭｅｄ Ｌｔｄ． | Methods and Mechanisms for Maintaining Electroactive Polymers in Pre-Stretched State and Their Use |
| WO2016108082A1 (en) | 2014-12-29 | 2016-07-07 | ElastiMed Ltd. | Methods and mechanisms for maintaining an electro-active polymer in a pre-stretch state and uses thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1659719A (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2005-08-24 | Pi陶瓷技术及元件有限公司 | Method for the production of a monolithic multilayer actuator, monolithic multilayer actuator made of a piezoceramics or electrostrictive material, and external electrical contact for a monolithic mul |
| CN101222016A (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2008-07-16 | 丹佛斯公司 | A multilayer composite and a method of making such |
| CN101248540A (en) * | 2005-08-25 | 2008-08-20 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Piezoelectric actuator with internal contact-connection |
| EP1965447A1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2008-09-03 | Kyocera Corporation | Laminated electronic component and method for manufacturing same |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6376971B1 (en) | 1997-02-07 | 2002-04-23 | Sri International | Electroactive polymer electrodes |
| WO2008156166A1 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-24 | Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd. | Electric expansion/contraction mechanism and method for manufacturing the same, and actuator |
| DE102008002489A1 (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2009-12-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Multilayer actuator and method for producing a multilayer actuator |
-
2013
- 2013-02-12 CN CN201380019131.8A patent/CN104205386A/en active Pending
- 2013-02-12 WO PCT/DK2013/000014 patent/WO2013120493A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-02-12 EP EP13711825.3A patent/EP2815441A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1659719A (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2005-08-24 | Pi陶瓷技术及元件有限公司 | Method for the production of a monolithic multilayer actuator, monolithic multilayer actuator made of a piezoceramics or electrostrictive material, and external electrical contact for a monolithic mul |
| CN101248540A (en) * | 2005-08-25 | 2008-08-20 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Piezoelectric actuator with internal contact-connection |
| EP1965447A1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2008-09-03 | Kyocera Corporation | Laminated electronic component and method for manufacturing same |
| CN101222016A (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2008-07-16 | 丹佛斯公司 | A multilayer composite and a method of making such |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013120493A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
| EP2815441A1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
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