CN104200850B - A kind of centrifugal ball making method and device of oxidate for lithium - Google Patents

A kind of centrifugal ball making method and device of oxidate for lithium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104200850B
CN104200850B CN201410415538.9A CN201410415538A CN104200850B CN 104200850 B CN104200850 B CN 104200850B CN 201410415538 A CN201410415538 A CN 201410415538A CN 104200850 B CN104200850 B CN 104200850B
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Prior art keywords
lithium
oxidate
centrifugal ball
reel
bead
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CN104200850A (en
Inventor
肖成建
陈晓军
龚宇
黄洪文
陈平
赵林杰
冉光明
王和义
龙兴贵
汪小琳
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Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics
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Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10Nuclear fusion reactors

Abstract

The invention discloses the centrifugal ball making method of oxidate for lithium bead in a kind of nuclear fusion covering, belong to forming materials and control technology field; The centrifugal ball making method of described oxidate for lithium comprises the steps: the oxidate for lithium of molten state or slurry to splash into or flow on the reel of rotation, oxidate for lithium flies away from reel and forms bead under centrifugal action, bead is collected cooling fixed-type with refrigerant; The ball making process of oxidate for lithium of the present invention and device, simple to operate, there is universality and economy, be applicable to fusion method or wet method and prepare multiple oxidate for lithium bead, its discharging, balling-up speed are fast, avoid design and the difficulty of processing of discharging opening and little ball forming device, and by regulating the mass flow of oxidate for lithium or/and the rotating speed of reel comes output and the particle diameter of flexible modulation ball processed, facilitate and efficiently, improved widely the preparative-scale of oxidate for lithium tritium multiplication agent bead.

Description

A kind of centrifugal ball making method and device of oxidate for lithium
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ball making method of miniature bead, oxidate for lithium bead in especially a kind of nuclear fusion coveringCentrifugal ball making method, belongs to forming materials and control technology field.
Background technology
Fusion reactor employing tritium multiplication agent and neutron reaction generation tritium ensure " controlling oneself " of its fuel, i.e. fusion reaction consumptionTritium can from fusion reactor produce tritium be compensated. For this reason, each fusion reactor is designed with one and produces tritium covering, and tritium increasesGrow covering. In propagation covering, conventionally generate tritium with the material containing lithium as multiplication agent and neutron reaction.
Li2O、LiAlO2、Li2ZrO3、Li2TiO3And Li4SiO4Deng lithium ceramic material owing to thering is good chemically stableProperty, the advantage such as mechanical mechanics property and product tritium performance, be that the main candidate of fusion reactor produces tritium material, for meeting fusion reactor tritium propagationThe operating condition requirement of covering, tritium propagation pellet requires to have that density is high, particle diameter is little (0.4-2mm), intensity is large, impurity is few etc.Feature.
The method that existing tritium is bred little ball forming has a variety of, and scheme mainly comprises fusion method, extrinsion pressing, moltenGlue-gel method, planetary rolling method and mould pressing.
Fusion method (containing spraying and splashing into two kinds) is applicable to a step and prepares high density lithium oxide ceramics bead, but production scaleLimited, laboratory is produced per year and is no more than 250Kg/a; Due to gas nozzle directly contact with discharging opening or gap very little, discharging opening is subject toGas cooled effect, easily causes feed blocking, and its sweep gas is inert gas in addition, and injection rate is fast, air consumption is large, costHeight, bead particle diameter is mainly by gas flow rate and material pressure control, more difficultly realizes steady-state operation, and particle diameter control difficulty is large, distributesWide ranges and energy consumption are large.
Extrinsion pressing, sol-gel process etc. belong to wet processing, are all in mix precursor, to add binding agent mixedAfter closing evenly, form suspension slurry or gel, splash into balling-up in organic liquid or cryostat, then obtain lithium by dry, sinteringCeramic bead, simple to operate, but its ceramic microsphere density of preparing low (70%T.D~80%T.D), forming degree is bad, surfaceCoarse, easily dry linting; And the lithium based mixtures idiosome that wet processing is prepared, need to carry out high temperature sintering and just can obtain potteryMicroballoon; Laboratory throughput is less than 100Kg, and pH value, reactant concentration ratio, temperature, organic impurities etc. all can affect gel in additionThe performance of bead.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is: for the problem of above-mentioned existence, provide a kind of oxidate for lithium ball making process andDevice, it is simple to operate, and discharging, balling-up speed are fast, avoid design and the difficulty of processing of discharging opening and little ball forming device, to expandLarge production scale.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A centrifugal ball making method for oxidate for lithium, comprises the steps:
(a) oxidate for lithium of molten state or slurry is splashed into or flow on the reel of rotation;
(b) oxidate for lithium flies away from reel and forms bead under centrifugal action;
(c) bead is collected cooling fixed-type with refrigerant.
After the oxidate for lithium of molten state of the present invention or the oxidate for lithium of slurry splash into or flow on reel, at reelAfter dispersing away under centrifugal action, rely on surperficial tension force to shrink balling-up, then collect cooling being fixed into cooling mediumType, obtains oxidate for lithium bead. As be the oxidate for lithium of molten state, after cooling medium volatilization, obtain target bead product,As be the oxidate for lithium of slurry, obtaining oxidate for lithium idiosome, idiosome obtains target bead product after oversintering. Described lithiumOxide is Li2O、Li4SiO4、Li2TiO3、Li2ZrO3、LiAlO2Deng the oxide containing elemental lithium, enter according to existing preparing processRow preparation.
The centrifugal ball making method of oxidate for lithium of the present invention, in described step (a), by regulating the material flow of oxidate for lithiumAmount is or/and the rotating speed of reel regulates output and the particle diameter of ball processed.
The rotating speed of described reel is controlled at 800-3000r/min scope, with ensure spheroid have preferably balling-up effect andBalling-up particle diameter.
The centrifugal ball making method of oxidate for lithium of the present invention, in described step (c), adopts liquid refrigerants to receive beadCollection. Described liquid refrigerants is liquid nitrogen.
A centrifugal ball-making device for centrifugal ball making method based on described oxidate for lithium, comprises material feedway and establishesThe reel that is placed in material feedway below, described reel can rotate around axle center. Described material feedway provides lithium for ball processedOxide material, reel provides centrifugal action by rotation.
Described material feedway comprises material chamber, and the bottom in described material chamber arranges the discharging mouth of pipe. Material chamber is used for storing lithiaCompound material, the discharging mouth of pipe is for the outflow of material.
Further, on the described discharging mouth of pipe, be provided with flow regulator. The port of export of the described discharging mouth of pipe is for cutting sth. askewStructure. The structure of cutting sth. askew is convenient to the stable outflow of material.
The centrifugal ball-making device of oxidate for lithium of the present invention, described material chamber is Open architecture. Open architecture refers to materialThe charge cavity in chamber is communicated with atmosphere, makes material utilize gravity to carry out feed.
Or described material chamber is enclosed construction, material is communicated with pressure-regulating device on chamber. Enclosed construction refers to material chamberCharge cavity and atmospheric isolation, pressure-regulating device expects that by control the pressure in chamber controls the speed of discharging, improves and regulatesFlexibility.
The centrifugal ball-making device of oxidate for lithium of the present invention, the working face of described reel is tapered, is conducive to ensure ballThe high-quality moulding of body.
Further, on the discharging position of the described discharging mouth of pipe and reel working face, oxidate for lithium splashes into or flows into a position(distance of drop between h) is 200-1800mm, and certain height is to reduce the shadow of high-temperature burner hearth (particularly discharging opening) to reelRing, ensure that reel and rotating shaft are in normal operating conditions, highly ensure that by controlling oxidate for lithium is entering adjusting simultaneouslyWhen reel, have good controllability, the impact of two factors gets off to determine this distance value.
The taper theta of described reel working face is 60-150 °, and the bottom surface diameter of phi of card is 100-400mm. By tapering andWhat the control of bottom surface diameter ensured ball process processed can handling and high efficiency.
Further, the working face of described reel adopts stainless steel or ceramic material to make. Stainless steel or ceramic material energyEnough resistant to elevated temperatures whiles, also avoid the introducing of impurity.
Further, the adjustable setting of the rotating speed of described reel. By regulating the rotating speed of reel to regulate the difference of balling-upParticle diameter, preferably the range of speed control is at 800-3000r/min.
In sum, owing to having adopted technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) ball making process of described oxidate for lithium and device, simple to operate, has universality and economy, is applicable to meltMelt method or wet method and prepare multiple oxidate for lithium bead, its discharging, balling-up speed are fast, avoid establishing of discharging opening and little ball forming deviceMeter and difficulty of processing, can industrial production high density (94%T.D-97%T.D) on fusion method basic line, particle diameter is controlledOxidate for lithium ceramic microsphere, can industrial production density moderate (70%T.D-90%T.D) on wet method basic line, mouldingThe oxidate for lithium ceramic microsphere of spend, particle diameter is controlled;
(2) by regulating the mass flow of oxidate for lithium or/and the rotating speed of reel comes the output and grain of flexible modulation ball processedFootpath, convenient and efficient;
(3) improved greatly the preparative-scale of oxidate for lithium tritium multiplication agent bead, more than 700Kg is produced in laboratory per year, phaseThan world level and domestic prior art, output expands 5-10 doubly, can meet thermonuclear fusion experimental device cladding modular and fusionThe needs of heap tritium propagation covering.
Brief description of the drawings
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is centrifugal ball-making device structural representation of the present invention.
The lithia of mark in figure: 1-material chamber, the 2-discharging mouth of pipe, 3-reel, 4-driving mechanism, 5-molten state or slurryThing, centrifugal bead, h-drop, θ-tapering, the Φ-bottom surface diameter that disperses and of 6-.
Detailed description of the invention
Disclosed all features in this description, or step in disclosed all methods or process, except mutually exclusiveFeature and/or step beyond, all can combine by any way.
Disclosed arbitrary feature in this description, unless narration especially all can or have similar object by other equivalencesAlternative features is replaced. ,, unless narration especially, each feature is an example in a series of equivalences or similar characteristics.
Embodiment
A centrifugal ball making method for oxidate for lithium, comprises the steps:
(a) oxidate for lithium of molten state or slurry is splashed into or flow on the reel of rotation;
(b) oxidate for lithium flies away from reel and forms bead under centrifugal action;
(c) bead is collected cooling fixed-type with refrigerant.
Described oxidate for lithium is Li2O、Li4SiO4、Li2TiO3、Li2ZrO3、LiAlO2Deng the oxide containing elemental lithium, according toExisting technique is prepared. The oxidate for lithium of the molten state of the present embodiment or the oxidate for lithium of slurry splash into or flow on reelAfter, after dispersing away under the centrifugal action of reel, rely on surperficial tension force to shrink balling-up, then collect with cooling medium,Cooling fixed-type, obtain oxidate for lithium bead. As be the oxidate for lithium of molten state, after cooling medium volatilization, obtain targetBead product, as be the oxidate for lithium of slurry, obtaining oxidate for lithium idiosome, idiosome obtains target bead and produces after oversinteringProduct.
Adopting in said method ball process processed, by regulating the mass flow of oxidate for lithium or/and the rotating speed of reel is nextRegulate the output and particle diameter of ball processed: the mass flow of oxidate for lithium is directly proportional to the particle diameter of balling-up, and the rotating speed of reel and balling-upParticle diameter be inversely proportional to, reach the control to particle diameter and output by the combined regulation of the two.
In described step (c), adopt liquid refrigerants to collect bead, in the present embodiment, liquid refrigerants is liquid nitrogen, liquidState refrigerant can be avoided the impact on the shape with warm bead on the one hand, can provide cold for the quick cooling of bead simultaneouslySource, liquid nitrogen, as a kind of stable material, can not react the physics and chemistry performance of bead is caused not with high temperature beadProfit impact, its volatility has well improved the make efficiency of finished product bead simultaneously, and does not also harm in process of production environment.
In the present embodiment step (a), control described oxidate for lithium and ooze or flow out a little extremely apart from reel working face lithiaThe distance (being the drop h segment distance in Fig. 1) that thing splashes into or flows into is a little 200-1800mm; The working face of described reel can selectSelect plane or tapered, tapered more excellent, and the gravity of oxidate for lithium on inclined plane is conducive to into centrifugal force distributionThe lifting of ball performance, the taper theta of reel working face is 60-150 ° preferably, the bottom surface diameter of phi of card is 100-400mm, logicalWhat the control of crossing tapering and card base diameter ensured ball process processed can handling and high efficiency; The range of speed control of reelAt 800-3000r/min.
The centrifugal ball-making device of oxidate for lithium of the present invention, its structure as shown in Figure 1, comprises material feedway and settingIn the reel 3 of material feedway below, described reel 3 can rotate around axle center.
Described material feedway comprises material chamber 1, and the bottom in described material chamber 1 arranges the discharging mouth of pipe 2.
In the present embodiment, expect that chamber 1 is for corundum burner hearth, for holding the oxidate for lithium 5 of molten state or slurry, the discharging mouth of pipe 2The port of export be that the structure of cutting sth. askew is convenient to the stable outflow of material.
Described material chamber 1 is Open architecture or enclosed construction, and oxidate for lithium is passed through in self gravitation or material chamber 1Pressure flows out, and in material chamber 1 while be enclosed construction, expects to be communicated with on chamber 1 pressure-regulating device (not shown in the figures meaning out, but can notBring the puzzlement in understanding to those skilled in the art), regulate speed and the load of discharging by pressure-regulating device.
The rotatable setting around axle center of described reel 3, and pass through driving mechanism 4(as motor) drive, and the rotating speed of reel 3 canAdjust and arrange, the adjustable range of rotating speed is 800-3000r/min.
The working face of reel 3 adopts stainless steel or ceramic material to make, and working face is better for boring moulding surface structure, reel 3 worksThe taper theta of making face is 60-150 °, and the bottom surface diameter of phi of card is 100-400mm; By the control of tapering and card base diameterWhat ensure ball process processed can handling and high efficiency.
The distance of the discharge end of the described discharging mouth of pipe 2 between splashing into or flow into a little apart from the oxidate for lithium of reel 3 working faces (Drop in Fig. 1 is h) 200-1800mm.
The centrifugal ball-making device course of work of oxidate for lithium of the present invention is as follows: the oxidate for lithium of molten state or slurryAfter oxidate for lithium splashes into or flow on reel, after dispersing away under the centrifugal action of reel, rely on surperficial tension force to shrinkBalling-up (the centrifugal bead 6 that disperses and in Fig. 1), then collects with cooling medium, cooling fixed-type, obtains oxidate for lithium littleBall. Have the following advantages:
(1) ball making process of described oxidate for lithium and device, simple to operate, has universality and economy, is applicable to meltMelt method or wet method and prepare multiple oxidate for lithium bead, its discharging, balling-up speed are fast, avoid establishing of discharging opening and little ball forming deviceMeter and difficulty of processing, can industrial production high density (94%T.D-97%T.D) on fusion method basic line, particle diameter is controlledOxidate for lithium ceramic microsphere, can industrial production density moderate (70%T.D-90%T.D) on wet method basic line, mouldingThe oxidate for lithium ceramic microsphere of spend, particle diameter is controlled;
(2) by regulating the mass flow of oxidate for lithium or/and the rotating speed of reel comes the output and grain of flexible modulation ball processedFootpath, convenient and efficient;
(3) improved greatly the preparative-scale of oxidate for lithium tritium multiplication agent bead, more than 700Kg is produced in laboratory per year, phaseThan world level and domestic prior art, output expands 5-10 doubly, can meet thermonuclear fusion experimental device cladding modular and fusionThe needs of heap tritium propagation covering.
The present invention is not limited to aforesaid detailed description of the invention. The present invention expands to any disclosure in this manualNew feature or any new combination, and the arbitrary new method disclosing or step or any new combination of process.

Claims (10)

1. a centrifugal ball making method for oxidate for lithium, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(a) oxidate for lithium of molten state or slurry is splashed into or flow on the reel of rotation;
(b) oxidate for lithium flies away from reel and forms bead under centrifugal action;
(c) bead is collected also cooling fixed-type with refrigerant.
2. the centrifugal ball making method of oxidate for lithium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (a), by adjustingThe mass flow of joint oxidate for lithium is or/and the rotating speed of reel regulates output and the particle diameter of ball processed.
3. the centrifugal ball making method of oxidate for lithium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (c), adopt liquidState refrigerant is collected bead.
4. based on a centrifugal ball-making device for the centrifugal ball making method of oxidate for lithium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:Comprise material feedway and the reel (3) that is arranged at material feedway below, described reel (3) can rotate around axle center.
5. the centrifugal ball-making device of the centrifugal ball making method based on oxidate for lithium as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: instituteState material feedway and comprise material chamber (1), the bottom in described material chamber (1) arranges the discharging mouth of pipe (2).
6. the centrifugal ball-making device of the centrifugal ball making method based on oxidate for lithium as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: instituteState material chamber (1) for Open architecture.
7. the centrifugal ball-making device of the centrifugal ball making method based on oxidate for lithium as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: instituteState material chamber (1) for enclosed construction, on material chamber (1), be communicated with pressure-regulating device.
8. the centrifugal ball-making device of the centrifugal ball making method based on oxidate for lithium as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: instituteThe working face of stating reel (3) is tapered.
9. the centrifugal ball-making device of the centrifugal ball making method based on oxidate for lithium as described in claim 4 or 8, its feature existsIn: the working face of described reel (3) adopts stainless steel or ceramic material to make.
10. the centrifugal ball-making device of the centrifugal ball making method based on oxidate for lithium as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that:The rotating speed of described reel (3) is adjustable.
CN201410415538.9A 2014-08-22 2014-08-22 A kind of centrifugal ball making method and device of oxidate for lithium Active CN104200850B (en)

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CN107490532B (en) * 2017-08-16 2019-10-25 清华大学 A kind of device and method of determining flight high-temperature particle geometric scale

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