CN104199098B - Method for predicting underground cracks by aid of polarization characteristics of reflected and converted shear waves - Google Patents
Method for predicting underground cracks by aid of polarization characteristics of reflected and converted shear waves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for predicting underground cracks by the aid of polarization characteristics of reflected and converted shear waves. The method includes partitioning angle sectors of two horizontal components R and T of a three-component wave detector; selecting an R-component sector and a T-component sector which are mutually orthogonal; finding change characteristics of a sensitive parameter by the aid of the polarization characteristics of the shear waves and a vector synthesis theory; predicting the underground cracks. The method has the advantages that the underground cracks can be effectively predicted, the computational complexity of pre-stack time migration can be greatly reduced, and the prediction efficiency can be improved; the method is also applicable to processing three-dimensional seismic data and two-dimensional seismic data, limitation of the traditional method on 3D (three-dimensional) data can be broken through, and the method is applicable to the 2D (two-dimensional) data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of geophysical exploration, more particularly, it is related to a kind of utilization to reflect converted shear wave
The method that polarization characteristic carries out subterranean fracture prediction.
Background technology
Generally existing crack in stratum, oil gas water or other fluid dust trajectory in the distribution influence stratum in crack.Therefore crack
Prediction is one of emphasis of current oil-gas exploration.The method of current FRACTURE PREDICTION is more, multi-wave seismic survey be wherein method it
One.One of topmost research contents of multi-wave seismic survey is exactly that the crack of underground is predicted by converted shear wave, its master
The theoretical foundation wanted is：When the compressional wave of traditional bomb epicenter excitation incides reflecting interface with non-zero angle of incidence, reflection is produced
Compressional wave, reflection converted shear wave, transmitted P-wave, transmission converted shear wave.It is theoretical according to shear wave splitting, when shear wave is in communication process,
Vertical fracture medium is run into, if its polarization direction has acute angle with fractuer direction, it may occur that separating phenomenon, two is split into
The almost orthogonal shear wave in individual polarization direction, the polarization direction of a ripple is parallel with fracture strike, referred to as fast transverse wave (S1)；Another
The polarization direction of ripple is vertical with crack, and speed is slower, referred to as slow shear-wave (S2).Study the polarization characteristic of S1 and S2, the time difference and
Difference of vibration etc., you can qualitatively or quantitatively estimated crack characteristic.Fracture strike can be deduced by the polarization direction of S1, by S1 and
The time difference of S2 can deduce fracture density, and the time difference is bigger, and fracture density is higher.
Existing converted shear wave crack prediction method is mainly based upon 3D azimuthal anisotropies characteristic, it is necessary to complete using 360 °
Azimuth information, its method name is more, for example, azimuthal anisotropy method, the ratio of energy, shear wave splitting and correction method etc.,
But generally all comprise the following steps：
Step one：By 3D data according to certain specific angle interval (at equal intervals or unequal interval), by two components of R, T
Data are respectively divided into the data of N number of angular sector；For example, being divided it is necessary to R, T component data are distinguished according to 15 ° at equal intervals
24 sectors are divided into, 48 sector datas altogether are obtained.
Step 2：All of data obtained by by step one carry out pre-stack time migration respectively, and are superimposed；
Step 3：All superposition of data bodies obtained by by step 2 are arranged according to angle, calculate different angle fans
In area's data, the reflection time-difference of identical layer position calculates fracture orientation angle, analyzes the reflection interval of this layer with azimuthal variation
Rule, so as to complete fracture be predicted and TEC time error correction.Its process generally includes following steps：
(1), to each bin, in given window scope, the energy ratio of R, T data of each sector is calculated；
(2) the maximum sector of energy ratio, is asked for, the angle corresponding to the sector is fractuer direction.Because parallel
In in fractuer direction, energy is maximum in R component, and T component is almost without energy；
(3), ask for after fractuer direction, all of R, T component are rotated into fractuer direction by angle rotation formula
With vertical fracture direction, that is, complete fast (S1), slow (S2) shear wave and separate；
(4), in isolated fast (S1), slow (S2) shear wave wave field, cross-correlation calculation is carried out to target zone, obtains two
The time difference of person.The size of time difference represents the degree of fracture development；
(5) time difference being calculated by the 4th step, is eliminated on the basis of slow (S2) shear wave；
(6), by correction after fast (S1), slow (S2) shear wave wave field R, T component are gone to by angle rotation formula derotation, i.e.,
Complete shear wave splitting correction；
(7), calculate after terminating, use the modes such as colour show calculating the result such as the time difference, fractuer direction and can be with
Output attribute file.
Existing converted shear wave crack prediction method has realizability, but is only applicable to 3D data, can not be applicable
2D data.But in actual exploration and development early stage, may be using the acquisition mode of 2D.So, existing method is in the scope of application
There is limitation.
Need to carry out pre-stack time migration to sub-electing each sector data simultaneously in existing method, workload is huge
Greatly, it is huge during institute's consumption machine, it is impossible to enough to meet demand of the actual production to efficiency.Specifically, it is necessary to converted shear wave R, T two
Component data is spaced according to certain angle, is divided into N number of sector.It is therefore desirable to 2N pre-stack time migration is completed,
Especially for the multi-wave seismic data of more than one hundred million road collections at present, consume huge during machine.
The content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to solve present in above-mentioned prior art
One or more problems.For example, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of limitation that can break through existing method, while
Suitable for 3D data and 2D data, and when shortening consumption machine, the method for forecasting underground crack of forecasting efficiency is improved.
To achieve these goals, predictably split down using the polarization characteristic for reflecting converted shear wave the invention provides a kind of
The method of seam, the described method comprises the following steps：In A, the geological data for obtaining three-dimensional multi-wave seismic survey (i.e. 3D data)
Reflection converted shear wave radial component (R) and tangential component (T) data be divided into according to predetermined orientation angles interval respectively
Multiple orientation angles sectors, and choose one group of mutually orthogonal radial component orientation angles sector and tangential component angle orientation angle
Degree sector；Or directly read the geological data (i.e. 2D data) that two-dimentional multi-wave seismic survey is obtained；B, the phase to the selection
Mutual orthogonal radial component orientation angles sector and the geological data or the two dimension of tangential component angle orientation angular sector
The geological data that multi-wave seismic survey is obtained carries out the pre-stack time migration of identical parameters and is superimposed, and forms radial component superposition number
According to body and tangential component superposition of data body；It is C, corresponding with tangential component superposition of data body phase to the radial component superposition of data body
Each sample value carry out the Vector modulation of different scanning angle and decompose, form a series of fast transverse wave wave field and slow shear-wave
Wave field；D, respectively to each common depth collection point (i.e. CDP points) of the fast transverse wave wave field or slow shear-wave wave field according to sweeping
Retouch angle to be arranged, form orientation angles road collection；E, to the orientation angles road collection of each common depth collection point in it is each
Road setting target zone when window, and count find it is described when window in amplitude extreme value, the orientation angles corresponding to the extreme value
It is the direction of check of the depth collection point altogether.F, to it is described altogether depth collection point direction of check corresponding to fast transverse wave wave field
Data during with the target zone of slow shear-wave wave field in window carry out cross-correlation calculation, obtain the time difference between fast transverse wave and slow shear-wave,
The time difference is bigger, and the development degree of micro cracks in oil of the depth collection point altogether is stronger.
In the step C, can carry out Vector modulation and decompose by following equation 1：
In equation 1, αiIt is resolution of vectors and the angle of synthesis and the angle of radial direction, S1iRepresent resolution of vectors and close
Into a series of fast transverse waves for obtaining, S2iA series of slow shear-waves that resolution of vectors is obtained with synthesis are represented, i represents that orientation angles are fanned
The sequence number in area, it is incremental positive integer since 1；R represents radial component；T represents tangential component, in transformed wave seismic prospecting
In, the seismic signal received using digital three-component geophone, radial component is referred to along shot point and geophone station line side
To component, tangential component refers to the component perpendicular to shot point and geophone station line direction, and radial component and tangential component are equal
It is horizontal component and its satisfaction " right hand " rule.Using equation 1, angle is realized in the way of circular increment on programming
Scanning, i.e., in terms of programming, be defined, for example i=1~12 to i, and increment is 1.Below in relation to parameter i, S1, S2, R,
The implications such as T are identical with defined herein, repeat no more.
Preferably, to radial direction components R superposition of data body and corresponding each sample value of tangential component T superposition of data body phases
Vector modulation is carried out in the range of semi-circumference and is decomposed.
In step F, cross-correlation calculation can be carried out using following equation 2：
In equation 2, f is cross correlation value, f when taking maximum corresponding k values be multiplied by sampling interval as Shear Waves Splitting it
Between delay, τ (i.e. the time difference), L and M be respectively analysis window starting and end of a period sampled point sequence number.
In above step, the selection of orientation angles sector includes size and orientation, and size refers to the angle interval of division,
Orientation is, with direct north as zero degree, to clockwise turn to standard, and it is big that the azimuth angle value of selected sector is generally selected sector
Small median, and determined by the start angle and size of the sector.The vector that different scanning angle is carried out to whole wave field is closed
Into with decomposition, its essence is that the value of each time sampling point is rotated.So for any one time sampling point all
A series of resolution of vectors and composite result can be generated.Also, in order to quickly obtain results of fracture prediction, a certain layer can be directed to
Processed, generated a FRACTURE PREDICTION plan.Further, in above-mentioned example embodiment, purpose can also be obtained
The development degree of micro cracks in oil planar representation of layer, and shown with different colour codes.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention include：The inventive method employs the inclined of reflection converted shear wave
Shake characteristic, more conform to theoretical characteristicses, it is only necessary to respectively from N number of sector of N number of sector of R component data and T component data
Respective any one sector of selection, and selected R component sector and the two sectors of T component sector are orthogonal, consumption machine
When shorten to former 1/N；Further, since the present invention is only with one group of data of orthogonal sector, therefore breach tradition side
Limitation of the method to 3D data, has applicability to 2D data.Therefore, largely to have expanded converted shear wave crack pre- for the method
The scope of application of survey, while production efficiency is dramatically improve, it is simple, quick, effective.
Brief description of the drawings
By the description for carrying out below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, above and other purpose of the invention and feature will become more clear
Chu, wherein：
Fig. 1 is that the method that the polarization characteristic of converted shear wave predicts subterranean fracture is reflected in the utilization of exemplary embodiment of the present
Flow chart.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, will be described in detail with reference to accompanying drawing and exemplary embodiment of the invention horizontal using reflection conversion
The method that the polarization characteristic of ripple predicts subterranean fracture.In the present invention, reflection converted shear wave refers to traditional bomb epicenter excitation
Reflection converted shear wave is produced when compressional wave incides reflecting interface with non-zero angle of incidence, in the present invention and referred to as converted shear wave or
Shear wave.
When shear wave passes through vertical fracture medium, if there is acute angle with fractuer direction in its polarization direction, it may occur that
Separating phenomenon.Divide inevitable three points that surface deployment is projected in the way of Vector modulation is decomposed of energy of the Shear Waves Splitting for being formed
Measure in two horizontal components of wave detector, and then be recorded.Therefore, the horizontal component record for obtaining necessarily includes crack
Information.The crack information can be obtained by a kind of Vector modulation retrodicted with the method decomposed.The present invention is exactly to utilize
The polarization characteristic and Vector modulation of this shear wave splitting are theoretical, a variation characteristic for sensitive parameter are searched out, to subterranean fracture
It is predicted.
According to the present invention：First, according to the quality of actual seismic data, it is determined that any one group of angle for utilizing for needing is fanned
The orientation and size in area, and by processing software (for example, Omega, geovation), using remembering in R, T component each seismic channel
Record the header word of azimuth value, sub-elect the geological data in the angular range of needs, and carry out pre-stack time migration treatment and
Superposition, here, the R of chosen angle sector, the angular relationship of T component should be orthogonality relation.The R that then, is obtained to migration stack,
Each corresponding sample value of two component datas of T, carries out the Vector modulation of different scanning angle and decomposes, and forms one and is
The resolution of vectors of the different angles of row and wave field synthesis, that is, form a series of fast transverse wave wave field S1iWith slow shear-wave wave field S2i.Connect
, respectively to any component wave field (S1iOr S2i) each CDP point according to CDP be major key, scanning angle for time pass
Key word carries out arrangement form orientation angles road collection.And every setting target zone together of the orientation angles road collection to each CDP point
When window, count amplitude in window at this, find extreme value, the direction corresponding to the extreme value is the corresponding crack side of CDP points
To α.S1 and S2 corresponding to fractuer direction α are real Shear Waves Splitting；When finally, to the target zone of real S1 and S2
Data in the range of window do cross-correlation calculation, obtain both time differences, that is, obtain the CDP point development degree of micro cracks in oil.So circulation
Complete the calculating of all CDP points, last display output.
Fig. 1 is the method that exemplary embodiment of the present predicts subterranean fracture using the polarization characteristic for reflecting converted shear wave
Flow chart.Hereinafter, reference picture 1 is according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention special using the polarization for reflecting converted shear wave to describe in detail
Property prediction subterranean fracture method.
The left column flow of reference picture 1, due in 3D multiband fusions, each seismic channel has a header word record side
Parallactic angle value, therefore the scope of the value of the header word can be set sort out required data.Sorting data it needs to be determined that
Divide start angle, size and the orientation of angular sector.These parameters can as needed depending on, the normative reference how to divide
It is the size and image quality of the degree of covering of data after point sector.For example, being start angle with 0 °, 30 ° is interval
Angle, then the size of chosen angle sector is 0 °~30 °, its orientation values (i.e. azimuth angle value) are chosen angle sector angular
15 ° of the average value of size, the sequence number i of its orientation angles sector is 1.The like：30 °~60 °, 60 °~90 ° ..., orientation
Angle is：45 °, 75 ° ..., sequence number i be 2,3 ....It is of course also possible to 10 ° is start angle, 15 ° is interval angles, then
The size of chosen angle sector is 10 °~25 °, and its orientation values is 17.5 ° of average value of angular dimension, etc..More than, by one
The average value of the angular range of sector regards the azimuth angle value of the sector as, but the invention is not restricted to this, can also use other
Mode represents the azimuth angle value of the sector, for example, choosing start angle.
In step S101, the data of arbitrarily one group of mutually orthogonal R, T orientation angles sector of selection are follow-up treatment
Prepare.Because R, T component are vertical relations, so both selected azimuths also must be orthogonal.For example, selected
The azimuth of R component sector is 15 °, then the azimuth of selected corresponding T component sector is exactly 105 °.
In step s 102, the pre-stack time migration of identical parameters is carried out respectively to R, T data for sub-electing and is superimposed, shape
Into two superposition of data bodies, and the azimuth value of the two is recorded in certain header word.The azimuth of the two superposition of data bodies
It is also perpendicular.
In step S103, to radial component superposition of data body and corresponding each sampling point of tangential component superposition of data body phase
Value carries out the Vector modulation of different scanning angle and decomposes, and forms a series of fast transverse wave wave field and slow shear-wave wave field, wherein, can
Carry out Vector modulation and decompose by following equation 1：
In equation 1, αiIt is resolution of vectors and the angle of synthesis and the angle of radial direction, S1iRepresent resolution of vectors and close
Into a series of fast transverse waves for obtaining, S2iA series of slow shear-waves that resolution of vectors is obtained with synthesis are represented, i represents that orientation angles are fanned
The sequence number in area, it is incremental positive integer since 1；R represents radial component；T represents tangential component.
Because 360 ° of a circumference is symmetrical, so 0 °~180 ° and 180 °~360 ° simply differ a constant phase
180 °, so the two (R, T data for sub-electing) need to only be carried out with 0 °~180 ° of resolution of vectors and synthesis, certainly, this
Invention not limited to this, can also carry out the resolution of vectors and synthesis, such as 15 °~195 ° of other semi-circumference scopes.As for difference
The resolution of vectors of angle can be equally spaced, or unequal interval with synthesis.Start angle can be any number of degrees,
Be start angle usually with 0 °, scan at equal intervals, for example be spaced 15 °, then a series of angle be 0 °, 15 °, 30 °,
45 ° ... the like.A series of so-called pseudo- Shear Waves Splitting wave field is formed after the completion of resolution of vectors and synthesis：(S1 (α=
0 °), S2 (α=0 °)), (S1 (α=15 °), S2 (α=15 °)), (S1 (α=30 °), S2 (α=30 °)), (S1 (α=45 °), S2
(α=45 °)) ..., S1 (α=180 °), S2 (α=180 °).
In step S104, respectively to any component wave field (S1iOr S2i) each CDP point closed according to based on CDP
Key word, scanning angle carries out arrangement form orientation angles road collection for secondary key.
In step S105, to window when setting target zone per one of the orientation angles road collection of each CDP point, and at this
When window in statistics amplitude, find extreme value (maximum value or minimum value), be to find the CDP points by the direction corresponding to the extreme value
Corresponding fractuer direction α.For example, if the angle corresponding to extreme value is 30 °, fractuer direction is 30 °, then scanning wave field
In (S1 (α=30 °), S2 (α=30 °)) be real Shear Waves Splitting wave field.
In step s 106, the data in target zone window scope in (S1 (α=30 °), S2 (α=30 °)) are done mutually
Close and calculate, obtain both time differences, that is, obtain the CDP point development degree of micro cracks in oil, the time difference is bigger, represents crack and gets over development, that is, develop
Degree is stronger.
As can be seen that the method changes conventional thought when consuming a large amount of machines.For example, in terms of skew, if with 15 °
A circumference is divided into 24 at equal intervals, then two component datas of R, T just there are 48 sectors, and existing technical method is just needed
Offset 48 times.But the inventive method only needs to any one group of orthogonal sector in R, 48 sectors of T component data,
Former 2/48 is shorten to when so offseting consumption machine, the amount of calculation of pre-stack time migration can be greatly reduced, improve pre-
Survey efficiency.
In addition, the present invention is employed to the mode of timing window when the time difference of Shear Waves Splitting is calculated.Specifically, giving
In the fixed target zone window scope for counting amplitude size, 2 cross correlation value can be calculated in equation, so as to further improve
Forecasting efficiency, can quickly be predicted the outcome.
In equation 2, f is cross correlation value, f when taking maximum corresponding k values be multiplied by sampling interval as Shear Waves Splitting it
Between delay, τ (i.e. the time difference), L and M be respectively analysis window starting and end of a period sampled point sequence number.
Additionally, any one angular sector that the present invention chooses, i.e., only have selected one group of orthogonal orientation angles sector, phase
When the geological data gathered in a 2D, therefore the inventive method is not only applicable to 3D data, is equally applicable to 2D data.It is right
In 2D data, can be processed using the flow as shown in Fig. 1 right columns, that is, be carried out step S201~S205, wherein step S201
The step of~S205 is with 3D data S102~S106 processing modes are similar, will not be repeated here.
In sum, the present invention changes conventional thought when consuming a large amount of machines, it is only necessary to R, the N number of sector of T component data
In any one sector, and two sectors are orthogonal, and former 1/N is shorten to when so consuming machine.Meanwhile, the present invention
The limitation in existing method 3D wide-azimuths work area is breached, while also can be suitably used for 2D work areas.The method according to the invention is achieved
Preferable effect, can effectively be predicted microcrack band, and can greatly reduce the amount of calculation of pre-stack time migration, be carried
Forecasting efficiency high, meets the requirement of actual production.
Although describing the present invention by with reference to exemplary embodiment above, those skilled in the art should be clear
Chu, in the case where the spirit and scope that claim is limited are not departed from, can be carried out respectively to exemplary embodiment of the invention
Plant modifications and changes.
Claims (4)
1. the method that the polarization characteristic of converted shear wave predicts subterranean fracture is reflected in a kind of utilization, it is characterised in that methods described bag
Include following steps：
The radial component data of the reflection converted shear wave in A, the geological data for obtaining three-dimensional multi-wave seismic survey and tangential point
Amount data are divided into N number of orientation angles sector according to predetermined orientation angles interval respectively, and choose one group of mutually orthogonal footpath
To component orientation angles sector and tangential component angle orientation angular sector；
B, the mutually orthogonal radial component orientation angles sector to the selection and tangential component angle orientation angular sector
Geological data carries out the pre-stack time migration of identical parameters and is superimposed, and forms radial component superposition of data body and tangential component superposition
Data volume；
C, the radial component superposition of data body and corresponding each sample value of tangential component superposition of data body phase are carried out not
Vector modulation and decomposition with scanning angle, form a series of fast transverse wave wave field and slow shear-wave wave field；
D, each the common depth collection point respectively to the fast transverse wave wave field or slow shear-wave wave field are carried out according to scanning angle
Arrangement, forms orientation angles road collection；
E, to the orientation angles road collection of each common depth collection point in per together setting target zone when window, and count searching institute
The extreme value of amplitude when stating in window, the orientation angles corresponding to the extreme value are the direction of check of the depth collection point altogether；
F, to it is described altogether depth collection point direction of check corresponding to fast transverse wave wave field and slow shear-wave wave field target zone when window
Interior data carry out cross-correlation calculation, obtain the time difference between fast transverse wave and slow shear-wave, and the time difference is bigger, and the depth altogether is adopted
The development degree of micro cracks in oil for collecting point is stronger.
2. the method that the polarization characteristic of converted shear wave predicts subterranean fracture, its feature are reflected in utilization according to claim 1
It is that the step C is carried out Vector modulation and decomposed by following equation 1：
In equation 1, αiIt is resolution of vectors and the angle of synthesis and the angle of radial direction, S1iRepresent resolution of vectors and synthesize
A series of fast transverse waves for arriving, S2iA series of slow shear-waves that resolution of vectors is obtained with synthesis are represented, i represents orientation angles sector
Sequence number, R represents radial component, and T represents tangential component.
3. the method that the polarization characteristic of converted shear wave predicts subterranean fracture, its feature are reflected in utilization according to claim 1
It is that the step F carries out cross-correlation calculation using following equation 2：
In equation 2, f is cross correlation value, f when taking maximum corresponding k values be multiplied by the sampling interval for the fast transverse wave and slow horizontal
The time difference between ripple, L and M are respectively analysis window starting and end of a period sampled point sequence number, and S1 (j) represents the corresponding to fast transverse wave
J sampled point, S2 (j+k) represents (j+k) the individual sampled point corresponding to slow shear-wave.
4. the method that the polarization characteristic of converted shear wave predicts subterranean fracture, its feature are reflected in utilization according to claim 1
It is that the step C is to radial direction components R superposition of data body and corresponding each sample value of tangential component T superposition of data body phases
Vector modulation is carried out in the range of semi-circumference and is decomposed.
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| CN106468781B (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2018-06-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of crack prediction method based on minimum entropy rotary process |
| CN105403916B (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-11-10 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for predicting reservoir and device |
| CN107132575B (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2019-03-29 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Method based on shear wave polarographic analysis prediction fracture azimuth |
| CN108508482A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-09-07 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of subterranean fracture seismic scattering response characteristic analogy method |
| CN113009572B (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2022-07-01 | 成都理工大学 | Method for predicting fracture azimuth angle based on transverse wave polarization analysis |
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