CN104198964A - Measurement device for magnetic field distribution of superconducting magnet - Google Patents
Measurement device for magnetic field distribution of superconducting magnet Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超导磁体磁场分布测量装置。其中，大齿轮的中心开孔，通过轴承安装在工作台上；第一支架固定在工作台上，小齿轮的两端分别通过轴承与工作台和第一支架固定；第一手轮与小齿轮连接；导轨固定在大齿轮上，滑块安装在导轨上；第二支架固定在滑块上；螺杆穿过驱动板与驱动板通过螺纹连接，螺杆垂直于工作台，其两端分别通过轴承与滑块和第二支架固定；固定杆穿过大齿轮的中心开孔和工作台，垂直于工作台，其一端固定在驱动板上；高斯计安装在固定杆的另一端；通过转动第一手轮和移动滑块，能使固定杆的移动轨迹遍历大齿轮的中心开孔。本发明能够测量超导磁体内部所有位置的磁场，并能对测量的磁场位置进行高精度控制。
The invention discloses a device for measuring the magnetic field distribution of a superconducting magnet. Among them, the center opening of the large gear is installed on the workbench through the bearing; the first bracket is fixed on the workbench, and the two ends of the pinion are respectively fixed on the workbench and the first bracket through the bearing; the first hand wheel and the pinion Connection; the guide rail is fixed on the large gear, and the slider is installed on the guide rail; the second bracket is fixed on the slider; the screw passes through the drive plate and is connected with the drive plate through threads, the screw is perpendicular to the workbench, and its two ends pass through the bearing and the drive plate respectively. The slider and the second bracket are fixed; the fixed rod passes through the central opening of the large gear and the worktable, is perpendicular to the worktable, and one end of it is fixed on the drive plate; the gauss meter is installed on the other end of the fixed rod; by turning the first hand The wheel and the moving slide block can make the moving track of the fixed rod traverse the central opening of the bull gear. The invention can measure the magnetic field at all positions inside the superconducting magnet, and can control the measured magnetic field position with high precision.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于磁场测量技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种超导磁体磁场分布测量装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic field measurement, and more particularly relates to a device for measuring the magnetic field distribution of a superconducting magnet.
背景技术Background technique
进入21世纪后，受控热核聚变的研究和发展与世界能源危机紧密相连，而受控热核聚变的辅助加热手段主要是电子回旋共振加热(ElectronCyclotron Resonance Heating,ECRH)，其中超导磁体是ECRH系统的核心部件。ECRH系统中，为使系统正常工作，除需提供稳定的高压电源外，还需要超导磁体提供特定的磁场分布。因此，为了确保回旋管在特定稳定的频率下正常工作，需要准确测量超导磁体磁场。After entering the 21st century, the research and development of controlled thermonuclear fusion are closely related to the world energy crisis, and the auxiliary heating method of controlled thermonuclear fusion is mainly Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH), in which superconducting magnets are The core component of the ECRH system. In the ECRH system, in order to make the system work normally, in addition to providing a stable high-voltage power supply, a superconducting magnet is also required to provide a specific magnetic field distribution. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal operation of the gyrotron at a specific and stable frequency, it is necessary to accurately measure the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet.
现有的磁场测量装置体积庞大，只能实现一个方向的磁场测量，且无法使磁场测量装置与磁场中心精确重合。此外，由于电机具有铁磁性，磁场受到影响，特别是在磁场强度较大时，在磁场的干扰下电机甚至不能正常工作，导致磁场的测量非常困难。The existing magnetic field measuring device is bulky and can only measure the magnetic field in one direction, and the magnetic field measuring device cannot precisely coincide with the center of the magnetic field. In addition, due to the ferromagnetism of the motor, the magnetic field is affected, especially when the magnetic field is strong, the motor cannot even work normally under the interference of the magnetic field, making it very difficult to measure the magnetic field.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求，本发明提供了一种超导磁体磁场分布测量装置，能够测量超导磁体内部所有位置的磁场，并能对测量的磁场位置进行高精度控制，此外，测量装置结构简单紧凑，体积小，与磁场间互不干扰，其几何中心和磁场中心易于实现精密重合，测量精度高。In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a superconducting magnet magnetic field distribution measuring device, which can measure the magnetic field at all positions inside the superconducting magnet, and can control the position of the measured magnetic field with high precision. In addition, The measuring device is simple and compact in structure, small in size, and does not interfere with the magnetic field. Its geometric center and magnetic field center are easy to achieve precise coincidence, and the measurement accuracy is high.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种超导磁体磁场分布测量装置，其特征在于，包括工作台、大齿轮、小齿轮、导轨、滑块、固定杆、驱动板、螺杆、第一手轮、第二手轮、高斯计、第一支架和第二支架；所述大齿轮的中心开孔，通过轴承安装在所述工作台上；所述第一支架固定在所述工作台上，所述小齿轮的两端分别通过轴承与所述工作台和所述第一支架固定；所述第一手轮与所述小齿轮连接，通过转动所述第一手轮，能带动所述小齿轮转动，进而驱动所述大齿轮转动；所述导轨固定在所述大齿轮上，所述滑块安装在所述导轨上，能沿所述导轨滑动；所述第二支架固定在所述滑块上；所述螺杆穿过所述驱动板与所述驱动板通过螺纹连接，所述螺杆垂直于所述工作台，其两端分别通过轴承与所述滑块和所述第二支架固定；所述固定杆穿过所述大齿轮的中心开孔和所述工作台，垂直于所述工作台，其一端固定在所述驱动板上；所述高斯计安装在所述固定杆的另一端；通过移动所述滑块，能使所述固定杆的移动轨迹穿过所述大齿轮的中心；通过转动所述第一手轮和移动所述滑块，能使所述固定杆的移动轨迹遍历所述大齿轮的中心开孔；所述第二手轮与所述螺杆相连，通过转动所述第二手轮，能带动所述螺杆转动，进而带动所述驱动板上下移动。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a superconducting magnet magnetic field distribution measuring device, which is characterized in that it includes a workbench, a large gear, a pinion, a guide rail, a slider, a fixed rod, a drive plate, a screw rod, and a first hand wheel , the second handwheel, the gauss meter, the first bracket and the second bracket; the central opening of the large gear is installed on the workbench through bearings; the first bracket is fixed on the workbench, and the The two ends of the pinion are respectively fixed to the workbench and the first bracket through bearings; the first hand wheel is connected to the pinion, and the pinion can be driven by turning the first hand wheel Rotate, and then drive the big gear to rotate; the guide rail is fixed on the big gear, the slider is installed on the guide rail, and can slide along the guide rail; the second bracket is fixed on the slider above; the screw passes through the drive plate and is threadedly connected with the drive plate, the screw is perpendicular to the workbench, and its two ends are respectively fixed to the slider and the second bracket through bearings; The fixed rod passes through the central opening of the large gear and the workbench, is perpendicular to the workbench, and has one end fixed on the drive plate; the gauss meter is installed on the other end of the fixed rod; By moving the slider, the moving track of the fixed rod can pass through the center of the large gear; by turning the first handwheel and moving the slider, the moving track of the fixed rod can traverse The center of the large gear has a hole; the second hand wheel is connected with the screw rod, and by turning the second hand wheel, the screw rod can be driven to rotate, and then the drive plate can be driven to move up and down.
优选地，所述滑块上设有限位孔，所述固定杆穿过该限位孔。Preferably, a limiting hole is provided on the slider, and the fixing rod passes through the limiting hole.
优选地，所述导轨上设有限位轨道，所述固定杆穿过该限位轨道。Preferably, a limiting track is provided on the guide rail, and the fixing rod passes through the limiting track.
优选地，所述固定杆贯穿所述驱动板，其靠近所述驱动板的一端设有螺纹孔，用作所述固定杆与外部延长杆的连接端口，能加长所述固定杆。Preferably, the fixing rod runs through the driving plate, and a threaded hole is provided at an end close to the driving plate, which is used as a connection port between the fixing rod and an external extension rod, so as to lengthen the fixing rod.
优选地，所述第二支架包括与所述工作台垂直的侧板，所述侧板上标有尺寸刻度；所述导轨上标有尺寸刻度；所述大齿轮上标有角度刻度。Preferably, the second bracket includes a side plate perpendicular to the workbench, and a size scale is marked on the side plate; a size scale is marked on the guide rail; and an angle scale is marked on the large gear.
优选地，所述第一手轮上标有角度刻度。Preferably, the first handwheel is marked with an angle scale.
优选地，所述第二手轮上标有角度刻度。Preferably, the second hand wheel is marked with an angle scale.
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、高斯计能在θ、R和Z三个方向移动，能够测量超导磁体内部所有位置的磁场，并能对测量的磁场位置进行高精度控制。1. The gauss meter can move in three directions of θ, R and Z, can measure the magnetic field at all positions inside the superconducting magnet, and can control the measured magnetic field position with high precision.
2、将高斯计在磁场中旋转一周，测出磁场中心和测量装置中心的偏差，对测量装置中心进行精密调节，即能使测量装置的几何中心和磁场中心精密重合，测量精度高。2. Rotate the gauss meter once in the magnetic field, measure the deviation between the center of the magnetic field and the center of the measuring device, and adjust the center of the measuring device precisely, so that the geometric center of the measuring device and the center of the magnetic field can precisely coincide, and the measurement accuracy is high.
3、无需使用电机，测量装置与磁场间互不干扰。3. There is no need to use a motor, and there is no interference between the measuring device and the magnetic field.
4、测量装置结构简单紧凑，体积小。4. The measuring device is simple and compact in structure and small in size.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例的超导磁体磁场分布测量装置的立体图；Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the superconducting magnet magnetic field distribution measuring device of the embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例的超导磁体磁场分布测量装置的主视图；Fig. 2 is the front view of the superconducting magnet magnetic field distribution measuring device of the embodiment of the present invention;
图3是θ方向的装配关系示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly relationship in the θ direction;
图4是R方向的装配关系示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly relationship in the R direction.
在所有附图中，相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或结构，其中：1-第二手轮，2-顶板，3-螺杆，4-螺钉，5-驱动板，6-侧板，7-固定杆，8-轴承，9-支撑块，10-螺钉，11-大齿轮，12-工作台，13-滑块，14-导轨，15-高斯计，16-凹槽，17-第一支架，18-小齿轮，19-第一手轮，20,21,22-螺钉，23-螺纹孔，25-螺钉。In all the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same elements or structures, wherein: 1-second handwheel, 2-top plate, 3-screw rod, 4-screw, 5-drive plate, 6-side plate , 7-fixed rod, 8-bearing, 9-support block, 10-screw, 11-big gear, 12-table, 13-slider, 14-guide rail, 15-gauss meter, 16-groove, 17- The first bracket, 18-pinion, 19-first handwheel, 20,21,22-screws, 23-threaded holes, 25-screws.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other.
如图1～4所示，本发明实施例的超导磁体磁场分布测量装置包括工作台12、大齿轮11、小齿轮18、导轨14、滑块13、固定杆7、驱动板5、螺杆3、第一手轮1、第二手轮19、高斯计15、第一支架17和第二支架。大齿轮11的中心开孔，通过轴承安装在工作台12上；第一支架17通过螺钉20固定在工作台12上，小齿轮18的两端分别通过轴承与工作台12和第一支架17固定，第一手轮19与小齿轮18连接，通过转动第一手轮19，能带动小齿轮18转动，进而驱动大齿轮11转动。导轨14的两端置于大齿轮11上的支撑块9上，导轨14和支撑块9通过螺钉21固定在大齿轮11上；滑块13安装在导轨14上，能沿导轨14滑动，滑块13在导轨14上的位置通过螺钉10固定。As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the superconducting magnet magnetic field distribution measuring device of the embodiment of the present invention includes a workbench 12, a large gear 11, a pinion 18, a guide rail 14, a slider 13, a fixed rod 7, a drive plate 5, and a screw rod 3 , the first handwheel 1, the second handwheel 19, the Gauss meter 15, the first bracket 17 and the second bracket. The center hole of the large gear 11 is installed on the workbench 12 through bearings; the first bracket 17 is fixed on the workbench 12 by screws 20, and the two ends of the pinion 18 are respectively fixed to the workbench 12 and the first bracket 17 through bearings , the first handwheel 19 is connected with the pinion 18, by turning the first handwheel 19, the pinion 18 can be driven to rotate, and then the large gear 11 can be driven to rotate. The two ends of the guide rail 14 are placed on the support block 9 on the large gear 11, and the guide rail 14 and the support block 9 are fixed on the large gear 11 by screws 21; the slider 13 is installed on the guide rail 14 and can slide along the guide rail 14. The position of 13 on the guide rail 14 is fixed by screws 10.
第二支架包括两个侧板6和连接两个侧板6的顶板2。两个侧板6的远离顶板2的一端通过螺钉22固定在滑块13上，两个侧板6相互平行且垂直于工作台12；顶板2平行于工作台12。在本发明的一个实施例中，顶板2通过螺钉25固定在两个侧板6上。螺杆3穿过驱动板5，与驱动板5通过螺纹连接，螺杆3垂直于工作台12，其两端分别通过轴承与滑块13和顶板2固定。固定杆7穿过大齿轮11的中心开孔和工作台12，且垂直于工作台12，其一端通过螺钉4固定在驱动板5上，高斯计15安装在固定杆7的另一端的凹槽16内。通过移动滑块13，能使固定杆7的移动轨迹穿过大齿轮11的中心；通过转动第一手轮19和移动滑块13，能使固定杆7的移动轨迹遍历大齿轮11的中心开孔。第二手轮1与螺杆3相连，通过转动第二手轮1，能带动螺杆3转动，进而带动驱动板5上下移动，从而使高斯计15上下移动。The second support includes two side plates 6 and a top plate 2 connecting the two side plates 6 . One end of the two side plates 6 away from the top plate 2 is fixed on the slider 13 by screws 22 , the two side plates 6 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the workbench 12 ; the top plate 2 is parallel to the workbench 12 . In one embodiment of the present invention, the top board 2 is fixed on the two side boards 6 by screws 25 . The screw rod 3 passes through the drive plate 5 and is threadedly connected with the drive plate 5. The screw rod 3 is perpendicular to the worktable 12, and its two ends are respectively fixed with the slide block 13 and the top plate 2 by bearings. The fixed rod 7 passes through the central opening of the large gear 11 and the workbench 12, and is perpendicular to the workbench 12, one end of which is fixed on the drive plate 5 by the screw 4, and the gauss meter 15 is installed in the groove at the other end of the fixed rod 7 within 16. By moving the slide block 13, the moving track of the fixed rod 7 can be passed through the center of the bull gear 11; hole. The second handwheel 1 is connected with the screw rod 3, and by turning the second handwheel 1, the screw rod 3 can be driven to rotate, and then the drive plate 5 can be driven to move up and down, so that the gauss meter 15 can move up and down.
其中，两个侧板6中至少其中一个上标有尺寸刻度，导轨14上标有尺寸刻度，大齿轮11上标有角度刻度。小齿轮18、大齿轮11、螺杆3、导轨14和滑块13由非磁性材料黄铜制成，在保持硬度的同时能防止对磁场的干扰。轴承为陶瓷材料，以防止干扰磁场。其余元件由硬铝制成。Wherein, at least one of the two side plates 6 is marked with a scale, the guide rail 14 is marked with a scale, and the large gear 11 is marked with an angle scale. Pinion 18, bull gear 11, screw rod 3, guide rail 14 and slide block 13 are made of non-magnetic material brass, can prevent the disturbance to magnetic field while maintaining hardness. The bearings are made of ceramic material to prevent disturbing magnetic fields. The rest of the elements are made of duralumin.
上述超导磁体磁场分布测量装置的工作原理如下：The working principle of the above-mentioned superconducting magnet magnetic field distribution measuring device is as follows:
将工作台12置于磁场上方，将高斯计15在磁场中旋转一周，测出磁场中心和测量装置中心的偏差，调节测量装置中心，使其与磁场中心精密重合。调节测量装置，使高斯计15在θ、R和Z三个方向移动到达不同的目标位置，即可实现对超导磁体内部不同位置的磁场测量。通过合理设计大齿轮11的中心开孔大小以及固定杆7的长度，使高斯计15在R和Z两个方向具有合适的活动范围，例如，当磁场环境在R方向的坐标较小时，可以选用大齿轮的中心开孔较小的测量装置，当磁场环境在R方向的坐标较大时，可以选用大齿轮的中心开孔较大的测量装置。通过上述方法使高斯计15能够到达磁场的任意位置，从而实现对超导磁体的磁场分布测量。Place the workbench 12 above the magnetic field, rotate the gauss meter 15 once in the magnetic field, measure the deviation between the center of the magnetic field and the center of the measuring device, and adjust the center of the measuring device so that it precisely coincides with the center of the magnetic field. By adjusting the measuring device so that the gauss meter 15 moves in the three directions of θ, R and Z to reach different target positions, the magnetic field measurement of different positions inside the superconducting magnet can be realized. By rationally designing the size of the central opening of the large gear 11 and the length of the fixed rod 7, the gauss meter 15 has a suitable range of motion in the R and Z directions. For example, when the coordinates of the magnetic field environment in the R direction are small, you can choose A measuring device with a small central opening of the large gear, when the coordinate of the magnetic field environment in the R direction is large, a measuring device with a large central opening of the large gear can be selected. Through the above method, the gauss meter 15 can reach any position of the magnetic field, thereby realizing the measurement of the magnetic field distribution of the superconducting magnet.
使高斯计15在θ方向移动：转动第一手轮19，带动小齿轮18转动，进而驱动大齿轮11转动，调整高斯计15在θ方向的位置，使高斯计15在θ方向到达目标位置。此时，高斯计15在R和Z方向的位置不变。大齿轮11上标有角度刻度，便于对大齿轮11的转动角度进行精确控制。优选地，第一手轮19上也标有角度刻度，已知小齿轮18和大齿轮11的传动比和大齿轮11的转动角度，即可得到第一手轮19的转动角度，便于提高调节速度。Make the gauss meter 15 move in the θ direction: turn the first hand wheel 19 to drive the pinion 18 to rotate, and then drive the large gear 11 to rotate, adjust the position of the gauss meter 15 in the θ direction, and make the gauss meter 15 reach the target position in the θ direction. At this time, the position of the gauss meter 15 in the R and Z directions does not change. Angle scales are marked on the bull gear 11, which is convenient for precise control of the rotation angle of the bull gear 11. Preferably, the first handwheel 19 is also marked with an angle scale, and the transmission ratio of the pinion 18 and the bull gear 11 and the rotation angle of the bull gear 11 are known, so that the rotation angle of the first handwheel 19 can be obtained, which is convenient for improving adjustment speed.
使高斯计15在R方向移动：移动滑块13，调整高斯计15在R方向的位置，使高斯计15在R方向到达目标位置，通过螺钉10将滑块13在导轨14上的位置固定。此时，高斯计15在θ和Z方向的位置不变。导轨14上标有尺寸刻度，便于对滑块13的移动距离进行精确控制。Move the gauss meter 15 in the R direction: move the slider 13, adjust the position of the gauss meter 15 in the R direction, make the gauss meter 15 reach the target position in the R direction, and fix the position of the slider 13 on the guide rail 14 by screws 10. At this time, the positions of the gauss meter 15 in the θ and Z directions do not change. The size scale is marked on the guide rail 14, which is convenient for precise control of the moving distance of the slider 13.
使高斯计15在Z方向移动：转动第二手轮1，带动螺杆3转动，进而带动驱动板5上下移动，调整高斯计15在Z方向的位置，使高斯计15在Z方向到达目标位置。此时，高斯计在θ和R方向的位置不变。两个侧板6中至少其中之一上标有尺寸刻度，便于对驱动板15的移动距离进行精确控制。优选地，第二手轮1上也标有角度刻度，已知螺杆3的螺距和驱动板15的移动距离，即可得到第二手轮1的转动角度，便于提高调节速度。Make the gauss meter 15 move in the Z direction: turn the second hand wheel 1 to drive the screw 3 to rotate, and then drive the drive plate 5 to move up and down, adjust the position of the gauss meter 15 in the Z direction, so that the gauss meter 15 reaches the target position in the Z direction. At this time, the position of the gauss meter in the θ and R directions does not change. At least one of the two side plates 6 is marked with a size scale, which is convenient for precise control of the moving distance of the driving plate 15 . Preferably, the second handwheel 1 is also marked with an angle scale. Knowing the pitch of the screw rod 3 and the moving distance of the drive plate 15, the rotation angle of the second handwheel 1 can be obtained, which is convenient for increasing the adjustment speed.
因此，本发明的超导磁体磁场分布测量装置能够对高斯计在θ、R和Z三个方向的位置进行独立控制，控制灵活且控制精度高。Therefore, the superconducting magnet magnetic field distribution measuring device of the present invention can independently control the positions of the gauss meter in the three directions of θ, R and Z, and has flexible control and high control precision.
为防止在调整驱动板5的高度时，固定杆7产生大幅摆动，影响高度调整效果，需要对固定杆7进行限位。如图1所示，在本发明的一个实施例中，滑块13上设有限位孔，固定杆7穿过该限位孔。在本发明的另一个实施例中，导轨14上设有限位轨道，固定杆7穿过该限位轨道。In order to prevent the fixed rod 7 from swinging greatly when adjusting the height of the driving plate 5 and affect the height adjustment effect, it is necessary to limit the fixed rod 7 . As shown in FIG. 1 , in one embodiment of the present invention, a limiting hole is provided on the slider 13 , and the fixing rod 7 passes through the limiting hole. In another embodiment of the present invention, a limiting track is provided on the guide rail 14, and the fixing rod 7 passes through the limiting track.
在本发明的一个实施例中，固定杆7贯穿驱动板5，其靠近驱动板5的一端设有螺纹孔23，用作固定杆7与外部延长杆的连接端口，能加长固定杆7，从而实现对Z方向坐标较大的磁场环境的测量。In one embodiment of the present invention, the fixed rod 7 runs through the drive plate 5, and its end near the drive plate 5 is provided with a threaded hole 23, which is used as a connection port between the fixed rod 7 and the external extension rod, and can lengthen the fixed rod 7, thereby Realize the measurement of the magnetic field environment with large coordinates in the Z direction.
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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