CN104198331B - A kind of uniform heat flux device and its experimental provision for using the power-law fluid of the device to be heated in the medium hot-fluid of porous media - Google Patents
A kind of uniform heat flux device and its experimental provision for using the power-law fluid of the device to be heated in the medium hot-fluid of porous media Download PDFInfo
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- CN104198331B CN104198331B CN201410458889.8A CN201410458889A CN104198331B CN 104198331 B CN104198331 B CN 104198331B CN 201410458889 A CN201410458889 A CN 201410458889A CN 104198331 B CN104198331 B CN 104198331B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of uniform heat flux device and its experimental provision for using the power-law fluid of the device to be heated in the medium hot-fluid of porous media, uniform heat flux device to include entrance, test section and outlet section；Experimental provision includes liquid reserve tank, and agitator, heating rod and the cooling coil for being connected with cooling-water machine are provided with liquid reserve tank, the liquid reserve tank by pipeline successively with stop valve one, screw pump, stop valve two, electromagnetic flowmeter, precision pressure gauge one, uniform heat flux device, precision pressure gauge two and stop valve three, the stop valve three are connected by pipeline with the liquid reserve tank, bypass circulation is additionally provided between the screw pump and the liquid reserve tank, the bypass circulation is provided with stop valve four.The present invention can complete the research of power-law fluid flow behavior in porous media, power-law fluid flows through the experimental study of porous media under different temperatures operating mode, and completes the experimental study that power-law fluid flows through porous media under different inlet temperatures, different heat flow densities.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field that electrotechnics intersect with machinery, it can be used for power law type non-newtonian fluid more
The fluid interchange experimental study of heat flow density heating such as carry out in the medium of hole.
Background technology
It is mainly porous from changing at present more than experimental study of the power-law fluid in porous media based on Study of Flow Characteristics
Media particle size, shape and arrangement mode angularly carry out the flow behavior of Study of Fluid.This kind of research is typically controlled by adjusting
System flows through the flow velocity of the fluid of porous media to obtain the relation of Reynolds number and pressure drop and friction resistance factor, and then summarizes rule
Rule is drawn a conclusion.
But along with diabatic process more than flowing of the power-law fluid in porous media in real life and engineer applied, and it is warm
Spend influences than more significant on the rheological behavior of power-law fluid, and the change of Rheological Properties of Non-newtonian Power Law Fluids is to its stream in porous media
Dynamic and heat transfer characteristic can produce very big influence, therefore flowing and heat exchange to power law type non-newtonian fluid in porous media
Research be just particularly important.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that design one can control fluid to enter porous media inlet temperature and complete to porous Jie
Fluid carries out the experimental provision of uniform heat flux in matter, so as to deploy the reality heated to power-law fluid in the medium hot-fluid of porous media
Research is tested, to fill up the blank in this field.To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technological means that the present invention uses is as follows：
A kind of uniform heat flux device, including entrance, test section and outlet section；
The entrance includes the circular pipe one and square pipe one sequentially connected, the rear end pipe of the square pipe one
Wall is provided with the through hole one for the K-type thermocouple one for being used to install measurement fluid inlet temperature；
The outlet section includes the square pipe two and circular pipe two sequentially connected, the front tube of the square pipe two
The through hole two and exhaust outlet of the K-type thermocouple two for being used to install measurement fluid outlet temperature are sequentially provided with wall；
The test section includes a U-type groove, and heating plate is provided with the U-type groove upper end open, is filled with the U-type groove
Porous media, the upper surface of the solid skeletal of the porous media and the lower surface of the heating plate are tangent；
The front end of the U-type groove connects with the rear end of the square pipe one, the rear end of the U-type groove and the rectangular tube
The front end connection in road two；
The upper surface of the heating plate is provided with multiple grooves one parallel with the width of the heating plate, the heating
The both sides of the upper surface of plate be respectively equipped with along the heating plate length direction extend groove two, the groove two with it is multiple described
Groove one connects, and heater strip is additionally provided with the heating plate, the heater strip serpentine arrangement is on the multiple groove one；It is described
T-shaped thermocouple is provided with groove one, the heating plate lid for covering the groove one and the groove two is additionally provided with the heating plate
Plate.
Further, the solid skeletal is formed by the orthogonal accumulation of multiple copper balls.
Further, it is additionally provided with polyurethane sheet between the solid skeletal and the inwall of the U-type groove.
Further, between the groove one on the first half and latter half of the heating plate upper surface
The spacing being smaller than between the groove one on the center section of the heating plate upper surface.
Further, the upper surface of the heating plate cover plate covers one layer of asbestos board, and the upper surface of the asbestos board is provided with
One stainless steel plate.
Further, the material of the heating plate and the material of the heating plate cover plate are red copper.
Further, heat-conducting silicone grease is filled up in the space of the groove one and the space of the groove two.
Further, the heating plate is bonded by refractory seals glue and the heating plate cover plate.
Present invention also offers a kind of power-law fluid using above-mentioned uniform heat flux device in the medium hot-fluid of porous media
The experimental provision of heating, the experimental provision include liquid reserve tank, are provided with agitator in the liquid reserve tank, heating rod be connected with it is cold
The cooling coil of water dispenser, the liquid reserve tank are smart with stop valve one, screw pump, stop valve two, electromagnetic flowmeter successively by pipeline
Close pressure gauge one, uniform heat flux device, precision pressure gauge two and stop valve three, the stop valve three pass through pipeline and the storage
Liquid case is connected, and bypass circulation is additionally provided between the screw pump and the liquid reserve tank, and the bypass circulation is provided with stop valve four,
Voltage-stablizer and pressure regulator are connected with the heater strip, the experimental provision also includes gathering the K-type thermo-electric couple temperature data
With the data acquisition unit of the T-shaped thermo-electric couple temperature data, the computer connection of the data acquisition unit and analyze data, the storage
Blowoff valve is additionally provided with liquid case.
Compared with prior art, the present invention can complete the research of power-law fluid flow behavior in porous media, power law
Fluid flows through the experimental study of porous media under different temperatures operating mode, and complete power-law fluid in different inlet temperatures, no
With the experimental study that porous media is flowed through under heat flow density.
The present invention can be widely popularized in fields such as power law type Non-Newton Fluids for the foregoing reasons.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Fig. 1 is the front view of the uniform heat flux device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of the uniform heat flux device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 be in Fig. 1 A-A to schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is B-B direction schematic diagram in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the test section of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the U-type groove of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the heating plate of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the distribution schematic diagram of the T-shaped thermocouple of the present invention on hot plate.
Fig. 9 is the uniform heat flux experimental provision of the present invention.
Figure 10 is that mass concentration is the different temperature flow of C=0.5g/L PAM solution in embodiment of the invention
Through pressure drop Δ P during porous media with streaming particle Reynolds number ReDChange curve.
Figure 11 is that mass concentration is the different temperature flow of C=1.0g/L PAM solution in embodiment of the invention
Through pressure drop Δ P during porous media with streaming particle Reynolds number ReDChange curve.
Figure 12 is that mass concentration is the different temperature flow of C=1.5g/L PAM solution in embodiment of the invention
Through pressure drop Δ P during porous media with streaming particle Reynolds number ReDChange curve.
Figure 13 is that mass concentration is the different temperature flow of C=2.0g/L PAM solution in embodiment of the invention
Through pressure drop Δ P during porous media with streaming particle Reynolds number ReDChange curve.
Figure 14 be the present invention embodiment in inlet temperature be 20 DEG C, mass concentration C=0.5g/L, hot-fluid it is close
Spend qwFor 9255.78W/m2PAM solution it is different in flow rate when local convective heat transfer coefficient hxWith non-dimensional length x change curve.
Figure 15 be the present invention embodiment in inlet temperature be 20 DEG C, mass concentration C=0.5g/L, hot-fluid it is close
Spend qwFor 18510.68W/m2PAM solution it is different in flow rate when local convective heat transfer coefficient hxIt is bent with non-dimensional length x change
Line.
Figure 16 be the present invention embodiment in inlet temperature be 20 DEG C, mass concentration C=1.0g/L, hot-fluid it is close
Spend qwFor 9255.78W/m2PAM solution it is different in flow rate when local convective heat transfer coefficient hxWith non-dimensional length x change curve.
Figure 17 be the present invention embodiment in inlet temperature be 20 DEG C, mass concentration C=1.0g/L, hot-fluid it is close
Spend qwFor 18510.68W/m2PAM solution it is different in flow rate when local convective heat transfer coefficient hxIt is bent with non-dimensional length x change
Line.
Figure 18 be the present invention embodiment in inlet temperature be 20 DEG C, mass concentration C=1.5g/L, hot-fluid it is close
Spend qwFor 9255.78W/m2PAM solution it is different in flow rate when local convective heat transfer coefficient hxWith non-dimensional length x change curve.
Figure 19 be the present invention embodiment in inlet temperature be 20 DEG C, mass concentration C=1.5g/L, hot-fluid it is close
Spend qwFor 18510.68W/m2PAM solution it is different in flow rate when local convective heat transfer coefficient hxIt is bent with non-dimensional length x change
Line.
Wherein, 1, liquid reserve tank, 2, stop valve one, 3, screw pump, 4, stop valve two, 5, electromagnetic flowmeter, 6, precision pressure
Table one, 7, voltage-stablizer, 8, uniform heat flux device, 9, pressure regulator, 10, precision pressure gauge two, 11, stop valve three, 12, cooler pan
Pipe, 13, agitator, 14, cooling-water machine, 15, blowoff valve, 16, data acquisition unit, 17, computer, 18, stop valve four, 19, heating rod；
81st, circular pipe one, 82, square pipe two, 83, through hole one, 84, flange, 85, test section, 86, through hole two,
87th, steam vent, 88, square pipe two, 89, circular pipe two；
851st, U-type groove, 852, heating plate, 853, heating plate cover plate, 854, asbestos board, 855, stainless steel plate, 856, copper ball,
857th, temperature measuring point one, 858, temperature measuring point two；
8511st, polyurethane sheet, 8521, groove one, 8522, groove two, 8523, breach, 8524, the distribution of T-shaped thermocouple
Point.
Embodiment
A kind of uniform heat flux device 8, including entrance, test section 85 and outlet section；
The entrance includes the circular pipe 1 and square pipe 1 sequentially connected, the square pipe 1
Rear end tube wall is provided with the through hole 1 for the K-type thermocouple one for being used to install measurement fluid inlet temperature；
The outlet section includes the square pipe 2 88 and circular pipe 2 89 sequentially connected, the square pipe 2 88
The through hole 2 86 and exhaust outlet 87 of the K-type thermocouple two for being used to install measurement fluid inlet temperature are sequentially provided with the tube wall of front end；
The test section 85 includes a U-type groove 851, and heating plate 852, the U are provided with the upper end open of U-type groove 851
Porous media, the upper surface of the solid skeletal of the porous media and the lower surface of the heating plate 852 are filled with type groove 851
Tangent, the solid skeletal is formed by the orthogonal accumulation of multiple copper balls 856, the inwall of the solid skeletal and the U-type groove 851 it
Between be additionally provided with polyurethane 8511；
The front end of the U-type groove 851 connects with the rear end of the square pipe 1, the rear end of the U-type groove 851 with
The front end connection of the square pipe 2 88；
The upper surface of the heating plate 852 is provided with multiple grooves one parallel with the width of the heating plate 852
8521, the both sides of the upper surface of the heating plate 852 are respectively equipped with the groove two extended along the length direction of heating plate 852
8522, the groove 2 8522 is connected with multiple grooves 1, and heater strip is additionally provided with the heating plate 852, described
Heater strip serpentine arrangement is on the multiple groove 1；Diverse location in the groove 1 is provided with T-shaped thermocouple,
The heating plate cover plate 853 for covering the groove 1 and the groove 2 8522 is additionally provided with the heating plate 852.
Between between the groove 1 on the first half and latter half of the upper surface of heating plate 852
Away from less than the spacing between the groove 1 on the center section of the upper surface of heating plate 852.
The upper surface of the heating plate cover plate 853 covers one layer of asbestos board 854, and the upper surface of the asbestos board is provided with one not
Become rusty steel plate 855.
The material of the heating plate 852 and the material of the heating plate cover plate 853 are red copper.
Heat-conducting silicone grease is filled up in the space of the groove 1 and the space of the groove 2 8522.
The heating plate 852 is bonded by refractory seals glue and the heating plate cover plate 853.
Present invention also offers a kind of power-law fluid using above-mentioned uniform heat flux device 8 in the medium hot-fluid of porous media
The experimental provision of heating, the experimental provision include liquid reserve tank 1, and agitator 13, heating rod 19 and company are provided with the liquid reserve tank 1
Be connected to the cooling coil 12 of cooling-water machine 14, the liquid reserve tank 1 by pipeline successively with stop valve 1, screw pump 3, stop valve two
4, electromagnetic flowmeter 5, precision pressure gauge 1, uniform heat flux device 8, precision pressure gauge 2 10 and stop valve 3 11, described section
Only valve 3 11 is connected by pipeline with the liquid reserve tank 1, and bypass circulation is additionally provided between the screw pump 3 and the liquid reserve tank 1,
The bypass circulation is provided with stop valve 4 18, and voltage-stablizer 7 and pressure regulator 9, the experimental provision are connected with the heater strip
Also include the data acquisition unit 16 for gathering the K-type thermo-electric couple temperature data and the T-shaped thermo-electric couple temperature data, the data
Collector 16 is connected with the computer 17 of analyze data, and blowoff valve 15 is additionally provided with the liquid reserve tank 1.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described：
Embodiment one
A kind of uniform heat flux device 8, including entrance, test section 85 and outlet section, test section 85 include a U-type groove
851, the material of the U-type groove is stainless steel, and uniform heat flux device overall length is 1.88m, wherein entrance segment length 0.84m, is tested
85 a length of 0.55m of section, export segment length 0.49m, in order to make the fluid into before porous media attain full development as far as possible, entrance
It is relatively long, including one section of long 0.34m circular pipe 1 and long 0.5m square pipe 1, after square pipe 1
End pipe wall is provided with the through hole 1 for the K-type thermocouple one for being used to install measurement fluid inlet temperature, is welded on the through hole 1
Connect a round thread circle and cored screw is used cooperatively, be easily installed armoured K-thermocouple.Outlet section by long 0.2m side
Shape pipeline 2 88 and 0.29m circular pipe 2 89 are formed, and are sequentially provided with the front end tube wall of square pipe 2 88 and are used to install
The through hole 2 86 and exhaust outlet 87 of the K-type thermocouple two of fluid inlet temperature are measured, has equally been welded for installing thermocouple
Round thread circle and cored screw, steam vent 87 are provided with air bleeding valve, in Emission test plant running starting stage experimental provision
Gas, can ensure that fluid is full of whole experimental provision.The inner chamber length of side of square pipe 1, the inner chamber of square pipe 2 88
The internal diameter size of the length of side, the internal diameter of circular pipe 1, the internal diameter of circular pipe 2 89 and the U-type groove 851 of test section 85 is all
54.2mm。
Heating plate 852 is provided with the upper end open of U-type groove 851, porous media is filled with the U-type groove 851, it is described
The upper surface of the solid skeletal of porous media and the lower surface of the heating plate 852 are tangent, and the solid skeletal is by multiple diameters
Formed for the 13.55mm orthogonal accumulation of copper ball 856, the lower surface of heating plate 851 directly contacts with copper ball 856 and fluid, there is provided
Stable heat flow density.The side wall of U-type groove 851 is provided with the thick polyurethane sheets 8511 of 3mm, and the bottom of the U-type groove 851 is provided with
Polyurethane sheet 8511 thick 10mm, plays certain thermal insulation function.Because U-type groove 851 is stainless steel, copper ball is arranged
It is easy to interference fit occur during 856 and gap coordinates, and polyurethane sheet 8511 has certain elasticity, therefore can be with
The difficulty that more assembling process is brought well, make to contact well between each copper ball 856.Requirement of experiment heating plate 852
Place will be met with each copper ball 856 of the solid skeletal the superiors, as above-mentioned reason, the 10mm positioned at U-type groove bottom is thick
The elasticity of polyurethane sheet 8511 may insure that each copper ball 856 of the solid skeletal the superiors and heating plate 852 contact.It is described
U-type groove 851 is connected by flange 84 respectively at square pipe 1 and square pipe 2 88.
The manufacturing process of heating plate 852：Length, width and height be respectively cut 550 on 550 × 80.2 × 13mm copper plate ×
80.2 × 2mm heating plate cover plate 853, cut out 520 × 72.2 in remaining 550 × 80.2 × 11mm red copper plate surface ×
2.5mm pond, pond both sides each cut out 520 × 7 × 1mm groove 2 8522 again, for collecting for thermocouple wire, afterwards
520 × 58.2mm red copper plate surface cut out width and depth be 1mm groove 1, groove 1 with it is described plus
The width of hot plate 852 is parallel and is connected with groove 2 8522, for arranging heater strip and T-shaped thermocouple, 520 × 72.2
The breach that 48 × 4 × 2mm are cut out in copper plate the plane wide 4mm of × 2.5mm pond both sides is used for along going out T-shaped thermocouple
Power line and the power line at heater strip both ends.
In order to measure the temperature of the wall of heating plate 852, try to achieve the lower surface local convective heat transfer coefficient of heating plate 852 and be averaged
The coefficient of heat transfer, for the temperature of each point on heat exchange surface, it is contemplated that the installation of thermocouple, the difficulty drawn and protection heat-transfer surface
Factor, therefore abandon and direct measurement carried out to it, and use the recessing 1 in heating plate 852, T-shaped thermocouple
The inside of embedded groove 1, measure the temperature value of each point.K-type thermocouple one measures fluid inlet temperature, K-type thermocouple two
Measure fluid outlet temperature.Because entrance temperature each point difference is smaller, therefore is selected on the center line on the front end face of test section 85
Select three temperature measuring points 1 by the front end face quartering of test section 85 and K-type thermocouple is installed, outlet section fluid is due to being added
Heat, each point temperature distributing disproportionation is even, therefore five temperature measuring points for being used to install K-type thermocouple are set on the rear end face of test section 85
2 858, the mean temperature of fluid issuing is tried to achieve by Area-weighted.Due to the T-shaped thermoelectricity even number arranged in copper coin heater
Measure more, it is necessary to which the distributed point 8524 of T-shaped thermocouple is discussed in detail.In the groove 1 at the most edge of heating plate 852
A T-shaped thermocouple is installed in heart position, and two are installed at the center of groove 1 adjacent thereto and off-center 6.5mm
Individual T-shaped thermocouple, by that analogy, is spaced, i.e., the number of the T-shaped thermocouple in adjacent grooves 1 differs.Due to
The heat exchange of the entrance of test section 85 is stronger, and the temperature of heating plate 852 is larger along fluid flow direction thermograde, therefore positioned at heating
The spacing of groove 1 on the first half of the upper surface of plate 852 is smaller, afterwards as fluidic heat exchange of fluids enters fully hair
Section is opened up, the spacing of groove 1 is relatively large, and into equidistantly distributed, because end effect be present in the latter half of heating plate 852
Should, the spacing positioned at the groove 1 of the half part of the upper surface of heating plate 852 is smaller, and positioned at the upper surface of heating plate 852
The groove 1 of first half is distributed on Central Symmetry.Positioned at the groove one of the first half of the upper surface of heating plate 852
8521 spacing distance is respectively 6.5mm, 18.5mm and 18.5mm, because groove 1 is on Central Symmetry branch, is located at
The spacing distance of the groove 1 of the latter half of the upper surface of heating plate 852 is respectively 18.5mm, 18.5mm and 6.5mm, its
The spacing of remaining groove 1 is 31.5mm, and integral arrangement is on Central Symmetry.In order to which T-shaped thermocouple is fixed on into groove one
In 8521, in embedded groove 1, the T-shaped thermocouple arranged will be compacted after diameter 1mm fuse skiving.T-shaped heat
After galvanic couple places, heater strip is layered on above T-shaped thermocouple, heater strip serpentine arrangement adds on multiple grooves 1
The manufacturing process of heated filament is that a diameter of 0.2mm nickel filament is applied into last layer magnesium oxide insulated layer outside, then again will with stainless steel
Heater strip armouring, nickel filament resistance are 17.5 ohm, heater strip work(when a diameter of 2.5mm of heater strip after armouring, voltage 220V
Rate is arranged in above thermocouple close to 2800W, heater strip, is finally pressed again with 550 × 80.2 × 2mm heating plate cover plate 853
On heater strip.Afterwards in order to reduce heater strip and heating plate 852 and the thermal contact resistance of heating plate cover plate 853, in heating plate 852
Heat-conducting silicone grease is filled in all remaining spaces between heating plate cover plate 853, heater strip and heating plate 852 can be reduced and added
Thermal contact resistance between hot plate cover plate 853, the uniformity of heat flow density is also functioned to and acted on well.Heating plate 852 is by resistance to
High-temperature seal adhesive bonds with heating plate cover plate 853.The upper surface of heating plate cover plate 853 covers the thick asbestos boards 854 of one layer of 3mm,
The upper surface of asbestos board 854 is provided with the thick stainless steel plates 855 of a 10mm, and the stainless steel plate 855 passes through bolt and U-type groove 851
Connection, and asbestos board 854, heating plate cover plate 853, heating plate 852 and solid skeletal are fixed together.
Embodiment two
A kind of experiment dress of power-law fluid using above-mentioned uniform heat flux device 8 in the medium hot-fluid heating of porous media
Put, the experimental provision includes liquid reserve tank 1, is provided with agitator 13 in the liquid reserve tank 1, heating rod 19 be connected with cooling-water machine
14 cooling coil 12, the liquid reserve tank 1 by pipeline successively with stop valve 1, screw pump 3, stop valve 24, Electromagnetic Flow
Meter 5, precision pressure gauge 1, uniform heat flux device 8, precision pressure gauge 2 10 and stop valve 3 11, the stop valve 3 11 are logical
Cross pipeline to be connected with the liquid reserve tank 1, bypass circulation is additionally provided between the screw pump 3 and the liquid reserve tank 1, it is described to bypass back
Road is provided with stop valve 4 18, and voltage-stablizer 7 and pressure regulator 9 are connected with the heater strip, and the experimental provision also includes collection
The data acquisition unit 16 of the K-type thermo-electric couple temperature data and the T-shaped thermo-electric couple temperature data, the data acquisition unit 16 with
The computer 17 of analyze data is connected, and blowoff valve 15 is additionally provided with the liquid reserve tank 1, is sealed when pipeline connects and is used anaerobic adhesive, risen
To certain sealing effect of heat insulation.
Power-law fluid is carried out porous using above-mentioned experimental provision to describe in detail with embodiment three and example IV below
The experimentation of the medium hot-fluid heating of medium.
Embodiment three
The polyacrylamide solution of various concentrations flows through the resistance analysis of porous media under different inlet temperatures.
It is divided into laminar flow viscous drag and the viewpoint of inertia resistance according to by flow resistance, by the flow resistance in porous media
It is divided into Darcy flow resistances and Forchheimer flow resistances.According to bibliography, by Experimental Area by streaming particle Reynolds
Number ReDIt is divided into Darcy flowings, transition flow and Forchheimer flowings.
Darcy is flowed by experimental study power-law exponent, temperature T, the shadow that transition flow and Forchheimer flow
The degree of sound.
Experimentation is as follows：
(1) whether testing laboratory's power supply is normal, and whether thermocouple zero point end is normal；
(2) computer 17, data acquisition unit 16, electromagnetic flowmeter 5 are opened；
(3) voltage-stablizer 7, pressure regulator 9 and universal meter switch are closed.
(4) water filling into liquid reserve tank 1, power-law fluid are polyacrylamide solution, in advance that the polyacrylamide prepared is female
Liquid is poured into liquid reserve tank 1 by concentration dilution, after standing 24 hours, is completely dissolved；
(5) all valves on device are transferred to maximum, open heating rod 19 in the switch of screw pump 3 and liquid reserve tank 1, set
Required inlet temperature；
(6) reading of electromagnetic flowmeter 5 is monitored, the flow that each Valve controlling fluid flows through test section 85 is adjusted, is adjusting
During each valve by the air bleeding valve being located on steam vent 87 open, when steam vent 87 there is no during gas discharge by exhaust valve close
Close, continue to adjust each valve until flow reaches predetermined amount of flow.Whole operation process pays attention to the precision pressure at the rear of test section 85
The reading of table 2 10 is always malleation.
(7) the refrigeration switch of cooling-water machine 14 is opened when the temperature of liquid reserve tank 1 is apart from also poor 3 DEG C or so of design temperature；
(8) temperature change of through hole 1 (i.e. test section entrance) place K-type thermocouple is monitored, treats that temperature variation curve is straight
And the reading of each K-type thermocouple is recorded when change is no more than 0.1 degree within the temperature of each K-type thermocouple 15 minutes, with
This records the reading of precision pressure gauge 1 and precision pressure gauge 2 10 simultaneously；
(9) repeat step (5) after temperature and pressure record, (6), (7), (8)；
(10) close cooling-water machine 14 to switch, finally close the switch of screw pump 3 and heating rod 19.
(11) blowoff valve 15 is opened, Experimental Flowing Object is emptied, takes the flange 84 before and after test section 85 apart, by test section 85
After interior fluid discharge, then connected with flange 84, experiment terminates.
It is C=0.5g/L, C=1.0g/L, C=1.5g/L, C=2.0g/L that experimentation, which determines four kinds of quality concentration,
PAM (polyacrylamide) solution with four kinds of 20 DEG C different of temperature, 30 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 50 DEG C flow through porous media when pressure drop
Δ P is with streaming particle Reynolds number ReDSituation of change, wherein, the particle diameter dp=0.01355m of copper ball 856, porous media
Porosity ε=0.48.
Can be seen that from Figure 10 to Figure 13 four kinds of various concentrations polyacrylamide flow through at different temperatures it is same porous
The pressure drop of medium and the relation of flow.It can be seen that porous media can greatly increase the resistance that fluid stream crosses porous media, fluid
Flow through the pressure drop of porous media increases with the increase of flow.The pressure drop of pipeline and the relation of flow velocity are flowed through due to viscous fluid
For：ΔP∝Vn(n=1~2), so the increase of rate of flow of fluid can cause the increase of pressure drop., can by the analysis of experimental data
To find out that power-law fluid flows through the flow pressure drop and Re of orthogonal accumulation porous mediaDSubstantially conforming to relation (the Δ P of conic section
=a+b*ReD+c*ReD 2), a, b, c concrete numerical value are as shown in Table 1.
The coefficient a, b, c of conic section relation of the pressure drop of table one with streaming particle Reynolds number
It can be seen that from Figure 12 and Figure 13 and stream particle Reynolds number ReDIt is smaller, 0<ReD<75, flow resistance is mainly by Reynolds
The influence of the power law index and apparent viscosity of number, porous media permeability parameter and fluid.Fluid is mostly in Darcy flowings
State (flow resistance is based on the stop of porous media), the power law index of fluid have considerable influence to flowing.
0 in Figure 11<ReD<150, fluid is mostly in Darcy flowings and transition flow state, is partially in inertia flow
Dynamic state, it is gradually reduced with influence of the power law index to flowing of the increase fluid of Reynolds number.
0 in Figure 10<ReD<900, fluid is in Darcy flowings, transition flow and Forchheimer flow regimes, works as ReD>
When 100, fluid is mostly in inertia flow regime, and it has been turbulent condition to show flow of fluid, and filtrational resistance is mainly inertia
Resistance and vortex energy consumption effect cause, and now influence of the power law index to flowing is very small.
Either calculated from experiment or formula model, resulting nonlinear filtration equation is linear by one mostly
Item and a secondary quadratic term are formed.Can see from table one and Figure 12 and Figure 13, when stream particle Reynolds number it is smaller when,
First order plays a major role, close to laminar condition；Its main function of quadratic term when flow velocity is very high, close to turbulent condition；It is middle
Both situations mutually work jointly.
The Re in the case where identical streams particle Reynolds number is can be seen that from Figure 10-Figure 13D, with temperature rise pressure drop by
Gradually reduce.This is due to gradually to be reduced with the apparent viscosity of the rise power-law fluid of temperature, and power law index gradually rises, and both are common
Same-action causes pressure drop to raise and reduce with temperature.
Example IV
Polyacrylamide solution flows through the HEAT EXCHANGE ANALYSIS of porous media under different heat flow densities.
Experimentation is similar to the experimentation in embodiment three, and difference is not heat at the test section 85 of embodiment three
Process, and test section 85 has heating process in example IV.Need to open voltage-stablizer 7 and pressure regulator 9 switchs, pass through observation ten thousand
With meter reading rotated the knob of pressure regulator 9 and set predetermined voltage, corresponding heat flow density is obtained with this；Experimentation
It is middle to need always by the temperature of the K-type thermocouple in embodiment three at step (8) monitoring collection through hole 1, while also need by prison
The mode of survey collection K-type electric thermo-couple temperature gathers the temperature of T-shaped thermocouple to monitor, and also needs to monitoring collection through hole 2 86 in addition
Locate the temperature and the reading of precision pressure gauge 1 and precision pressure gauge 2 10 of the K-type thermocouple of (test section 85 is imported and exported), experiment
Operating mode is first shut off pressure regulator 7, the switch of voltage-stablizer 9 after terminating, then operated by step (10) in embodiment three, remaining experiment
Process is as the experimentation in embodiment three.
Figure 14-Figure 19 describes mass concentration C=0.5g/L, C=1.0g/L, C=1.5g/L PAM solution, in entrance
Temperature is 20 DEG C, heat flow density qwFor 9255.78W/m2, 18510.68W/m2When, the local convection surface in porous media is changed
Enthusiasm condition.
Because the length of test section 85 of use is longer, several groups of experimental test operating mode subregions have all come into abundant hair
The exhibition stage.In porous media entrance, thermal boundary is along flow direction progressive additive so that the local surfaces coefficient of heat transfer gradually subtracts
It is small.But because the trend that thermal boundary layer thickens is as the length for entering porous media increases and slows down, so fluid part table
The reduction trend of face convection transfer rate streamwise also gradually slows down.When entering abundant developing stage, thermal boundary layer converges
Close, Local Heat Transfer Coefficient streamwise keeps definite value constant.
Figure 14-three kinds of differences for entering porous media with different entrance velocities under different heat flow densities are shown to Figure 19
The PAM solution local convective heat transfer coefficient of concentration with non-dimensional length variation relation.It can be seen that：The local convection of each point is changed
Hot coefficient gradually increases with the increase of flow velocity；It is gradually reduced with the increase of non-dimensional length, in whole porous media runner
In the range of, local surfaces convection transfer rate is gradually reduced with the increase of flow velocity, local convective heat transfer coefficient, and reduces trend
Meet above-mentioned analysis.In the tail end of porous media, coefficient of heat transfer hxThere is small size rising, because due to heating plate 852
The result of end cooling effect, the temperature in outlet end heating plate 852 are declined slightly.Simultaneously as the heat conduction of heating wall
Effect, the heat flow density of the end of heating plate 852 have declined, and are calculating local surfaces convection transfer rate h by experimental resultx
When, the port of export is using qw=const, the value of heat flow density is thus over-evaluated, so that the h calculatedxIt is inclined in exit
It is high.
With the increase of PAM solution concentrations, the local convective heat transfer coefficient of fluid has reduced.This is due to that concentration is higher
Polyacrylamide solution structure it is even closer, the increase of same space interpolymer Molecules, intermolecular distance gets over
Small, intermolecular force is also bigger, and viscosity is larger.Viscous dissipation phenomenon is obvious during heat convection.Power-law fluid
Flowed in porous media, because heat caused by viscous dissipation raises fluid own temperature, reduce fluid and heating
The heat convection effect of wall.
The symbol and Name Resolution that the present invention uses are as follows：ReD：ρ×um 2‐n×dpn/μ*Fluid streams particle Reynolds
Number, ρ：Power-law fluid density, um：The mean flow rate of fluid, n：Power law index, dp：The particle diameter of copper ball, Δ P：The pressure of fluid
Drop, qw：Heat flow density, hx：Local convective heat transfer coefficient, T：Temperature, μ*：The dynamic viscosity of power-law fluid, ε：The hole of porous media
Gap rate.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, technique according to the invention scheme and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of uniform heat flux device, it is characterised in that the uniform heat flux device includes entrance, test section and outlet
Section；
The entrance includes the circular pipe one and square pipe one that sequentially connect, on the rear end tube wall of the square pipe one
Through hole one provided with the K-type thermocouple one for installing measurement fluid inlet temperature；
The outlet section includes the square pipe two and circular pipe two that sequentially connect, on the front end tube wall of the square pipe two
Sequentially it is provided with the through hole two and exhaust outlet of the K-type thermocouple two for being used to install measurement fluid outlet temperature；
The test section includes a U-type groove, and heating plate is provided with the U-type groove upper end open, is filled with the U-type groove porous
Medium, the upper surface of the solid skeletal of the porous media and the lower surface of the heating plate are tangent；
The front end of the U-type groove connects with the rear end of the square pipe one, the rear end of the U-type groove and the square pipe two
Front end connection；
The upper surface of the heating plate is provided with multiple grooves one parallel with the width of the heating plate, the heating plate
The both sides of upper surface be respectively equipped with along the heating plate length direction extend the groove two, the groove two with it is multiple described
Groove one connects, and heater strip is additionally provided with the heating plate, the heater strip serpentine arrangement is on the multiple groove one；It is described
T-shaped thermocouple is provided with groove one, the heating plate lid for covering the groove one and the groove two is additionally provided with the heating plate
Plate；The solid skeletal is formed by the orthogonal accumulation of multiple copper balls；
The manufacturing process of the heater strip is that a diameter of 0.2mm nickel filament is applied into last layer magnesium oxide insulated layer, Ran Houzai outside
With stainless steel by heater strip armouring, nickel filament resistance is 17.5 ohm, a diameter of 2.5mm of heater strip after armouring.
A kind of 2. uniform heat flux device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The solid skeletal with it is described U-shaped
Polyurethane sheet is additionally provided between the inwall of groove.
A kind of 3. uniform heat flux device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Positioned at the heating plate upper surface
It is smaller than between the groove one on first half and latter half positioned at the center section of the heating plate upper surface
On the groove one between spacing.
A kind of 4. uniform heat flux device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The upper surface of the heating plate cover plate
One layer of asbestos board is covered, the upper surface of the asbestos board is provided with a stainless steel plate.
A kind of 5. uniform heat flux device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The material of the heating plate and described
The material of heating plate cover plate is red copper.
A kind of 6. uniform heat flux device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The space of the groove one and described
Heat-conducting silicone grease is filled up in the space of groove two.
A kind of 7. uniform heat flux device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The heating plate is close by high temperature resistant
Sealing bonds with the heating plate cover plate.
8. a kind of power-law fluid of uniform heat flux device using described in 1 to 7 any claim is in porous media moderate fever
Flow the experimental provision of heating, it is characterised in that：The experimental provision includes liquid reserve tank, is provided with agitator in the liquid reserve tank, adds
Hot pin and the cooling coil for being connected with cooling-water machine, the liquid reserve tank by pipeline successively with stop valve one, screw pump, stop valve
Two, electromagnetic flowmeter, precision pressure gauge one, uniform heat flux device, precision pressure gauge two and stop valve three connect, the cut-off
Valve three is connected by pipeline with the liquid reserve tank, and bypass circulation, the side are additionally provided between the screw pump and the liquid reserve tank
Logical loop is provided with stop valve four, and voltage-stablizer and pressure regulator are connected with the heater strip, and the experimental provision also includes collection K
The data acquisition unit of type thermo-electric couple temperature data and the T-shaped thermo-electric couple temperature data, the data acquisition unit and analyze data
Computer connection, be additionally provided with blowoff valve on the liquid reserve tank.
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| CN106706268A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-05-24 | 吉林大学 | Method and device for measuring viscous resistance coefficient and inertial resistance coefficient of porous medium |
| CN108226004B (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2020-08-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Porous medium fluid seepage simulation device and method |
| CN109388893B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2022-05-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Noise optimization method for three-way and four-way pipelines |
| CN110097983B (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2023-12-08 | 华北电力大学 | External cooling three-dimensional test section of melt in-pile retention pressure vessel |
| CN113457588A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-01 | 山西新华防化装备研究院有限公司 | Oil mist aerosol generating device |
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