CN104193079B - A kind of quick soil oozes the apparatus and method of system depth purifying domestic sewage - Google Patents
A kind of quick soil oozes the apparatus and method of system depth purifying domestic sewage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种快速土渗系统深度净化生活污水的装置，包括：一级格栅机、二级格栅机、纳米曝气消融装置、快速土渗系统、旋流筛滤池和出水池。本发明还公开了利用上述装置去除污水中悬浮物、胶体、无机物、微生物等污染物质的方法。本发明采用快速土渗系统，利用渗透性好的沙土与赤泥分子筛填料和植物构建适宜污水处理的复杂生态系统，后续使用筛滤过滤污水中悬浮物质，光催化降解残余污染物质、灭杀污水中的细菌，病原菌，起到灭菌消毒的作用，每小时处理量超过1000吨，出水微生物、污染物去除率达到100％。
A device for deeply purifying domestic sewage with a rapid soil infiltration system, comprising: a first-stage grill machine, a second-stage grill machine, a nano-aeration ablation device, a rapid soil infiltration system, a cyclone screen filter tank and an outlet tank. The invention also discloses a method for removing pollutants such as suspended solids, colloids, inorganic substances and microorganisms in sewage by using the device. The present invention adopts a rapid soil infiltration system, uses sandy soil with good permeability, red mud molecular sieve filler and plants to construct a complex ecological system suitable for sewage treatment, and then uses sieve to filter suspended substances in sewage, photocatalytically degrades residual pollutants, and kills sewage The bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in the water play the role of sterilization and disinfection. The processing capacity exceeds 1,000 tons per hour, and the removal rate of microorganisms and pollutants in the effluent reaches 100%.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种快速土渗系统深度净化生活污水的装置。The invention relates to a device for deeply purifying domestic sewage by a rapid soil infiltration system.
本发明还涉及利用上述装置去除污水中污染物质(如：悬浮物、胶体、无机物、微生物等)的方法。The invention also relates to a method for removing pollutants (such as suspended matter, colloid, inorganic matter, microorganisms, etc.) in sewage by using the above-mentioned device.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国经济发展加速，污水排放量急剧增加。据统计，2015年，我国城市年污水排放量将至少达到455亿吨，相比2009年增加约100亿吨。结合目前污水处理行业的发展速度，保守估计，到2015年，我国污水处理率将达到85％，污水处理量将达到386.75亿吨。由此估算，“十二五”期间，约需增加近3,000万吨/日的污水处理能力，仅污水处理设施建设投资市场需求在600亿元左右，即每年增加120亿元。为了降低污水处理成本，提高污水处理效率，找到一种切实有效的污水快速处理方法势在必行。With the acceleration of my country's economic development, the amount of sewage discharge has increased dramatically. According to statistics, in 2015, my country's annual urban sewage discharge will reach at least 45.5 billion tons, an increase of about 10 billion tons compared to 2009. Combined with the current development speed of the sewage treatment industry, it is conservatively estimated that by 2015, my country's sewage treatment rate will reach 85%, and the sewage treatment volume will reach 38.675 billion tons. It is estimated that during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the sewage treatment capacity will need to be increased by nearly 30 million tons per day, and the investment market demand for the construction of sewage treatment facilities alone will be around 60 billion yuan, which means an annual increase of 12 billion yuan. In order to reduce the cost of sewage treatment and improve the efficiency of sewage treatment, it is imperative to find a practical and effective rapid sewage treatment method.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种快速土渗系统深度净化生活污水的装置。The object of the present invention is to provide a device for deep purification of domestic sewage by a rapid soil infiltration system.
本发明的又一目的是提供一种利用上述装置净化生活污水的方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for purifying domestic sewage using the above device.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的快速土渗系统深度净化生活污水的装置，其主要结构包括：In order to achieve the above object, the device for deep purification of domestic sewage provided by the present invention has a rapid soil infiltration system, and its main structure includes:
两级串联的第一级格栅机和第二级格栅机，初步实现固液分离，第二格栅机的出水连接纳米曝气消融装置的进水口；The first-stage grill machine and the second-stage grill machine connected in two stages in series initially realize solid-liquid separation, and the outlet water of the second grill machine is connected to the water inlet of the nano-aeration ablation device;
纳米曝气消融装置底部开设有排泥口，纳米曝气消融装置内部位于排泥口上方设置有曝气盘，纳米曝气消融装置的出水连接快速土渗系统的进水口；There is a mud outlet at the bottom of the nano-aeration ablation device, and an aeration plate is arranged inside the nano-aeration ablation device above the mud outlet, and the water outlet of the nano-aeration ablation device is connected to the water inlet of the rapid soil infiltration system;
快速土渗系统分为布水区、快速渗滤区和沉淀区三个部分，各区域之间有隔板进行隔断；靠近快速土渗系统的进水口的布水区为下行池，污水自上向下流动，布水区内填充有碎石和粉煤灰分子筛填料；布水区的一侧为快速渗滤区，在快速渗滤区内的沙土与赤泥分子筛填料中污水自下而上、自左至右流动，最后溢流至沉淀区内快速土渗系统的上部种植有植物；沉淀区内的出水连接涡轮筛滤池的缩口布水喷头；The rapid soil infiltration system is divided into three parts: the water distribution area, the rapid infiltration area and the sedimentation area. There are partitions between each area; the water distribution area near the water inlet of the rapid soil infiltration system is a descending pool, and the sewage Downward flow, the water distribution area is filled with gravel and fly ash molecular sieve packing; one side of the water distribution area is the rapid infiltration area, and the sewage in the sand and red mud molecular sieve packing in the rapid infiltration area is from bottom to top , Flow from left to right, and finally overflow to the upper part of the rapid soil infiltration system in the sedimentation area where plants are planted; the outlet water in the sedimentation area is connected to the shrinking water distribution nozzle of the turbo screen filter;
涡轮筛滤池由多孔板分为上、下两个部分；The turbo screen filter tank is divided into upper and lower parts by a porous plate;
多孔板上方铺设一层复合填料，复合填料的底部设置有纳米曝气头，复合填料上方设置一涡轮，涡轮筛滤池的缩口布水头设在涡轮的一侧上部；涡轮另一侧的上部设置有压力射流管，压力射流管上方有一曝气管，曝气管设有多个细孔曝气孔，曝气管上方设置有回流槽，并安装有超声波发生仪；A layer of composite packing is laid on the top of the porous plate. The bottom of the composite packing is equipped with a nano aeration head, and a turbine is set above the composite packing. There is a pressure jet tube, an aeration tube above the pressure jet tube, the aeration tube is provided with a plurality of fine holes, a reflux tank is set above the aeration tube, and an ultrasonic generator is installed;
多孔板的下方为储水箱，储水箱的内壁均匀负载一层非金属掺杂光催化剂，储水箱的底部安装有紫外灭菌灯，在紫外灭菌灯的空隙间设置纳米曝气头，储水箱内剩余空间填充有半导体负载填料；涡轮筛滤池的储水箱的出水与纳米曝气沉降池相连；Below the perforated plate is a water storage tank. The inner wall of the water storage tank is evenly loaded with a layer of non-metal doped photocatalyst. The bottom of the water storage tank is equipped with an ultraviolet sterilization lamp. The remaining space inside is filled with semiconductor-loaded filler; the outlet water of the water storage tank of the turbo screen filter is connected with the nano-aeration sedimentation tank;
储水箱通过一管道连接一缩口反洗喷头，该缩口反洗喷头设在复合填料表面，纳米曝气沉降池的出水口通过反洗泵与缩口反洗喷头连接。The water storage tank is connected with a shrinking backwashing nozzle through a pipeline, and the shrinking backwashing nozzle is arranged on the surface of the composite packing, and the water outlet of the nano-aeration sedimentation tank is connected with the shrinking backwashing nozzle through a backwashing pump.
所述的装置，其中，多孔板是由两层多孔板夹杂一层钢纱网组成。Said device, wherein the perforated plate is composed of two layers of perforated plates intercalated with a layer of steel gauze.
所述的装置，其中，旋流筛滤池内的两个纳米曝气头分别各连接一纳米曝气机，且旋流筛滤池多孔板上方的纳米曝气头进气为O2，储水箱内的纳米曝气头进气为O3。The device, wherein the two nano-aeration heads in the cyclone filter tank are respectively connected to a nano-aeration machine, and the air intake of the nano-aerator head above the porous plate of the cyclone filter tank is O2 , and the storage The air intake of the nano-aeration head in the water tank is O 3 .
所述的装置，其中，快速土渗系统的布水区内填充的碎石和粉煤灰分子筛填料粒径为30-60mm，快速渗滤区内的沙土与赤泥分子筛填料粒径为15-30mm。The device, wherein, the gravel and fly ash molecular sieve fillers filled in the water distribution area of the rapid soil infiltration system have a particle size of 30-60 mm, and the sand and red mud molecular sieve fillers in the rapid infiltration area have a particle size of 15-60 mm. 30mm.
所述的装置，其中，快速土渗系统的上部种植有植物为美人蕉和香蒲。Said device, wherein the plants planted on the upper part of the rapid soil infiltration system are canna and cattail.
所述的装置，其中，涡轮筛滤池的复合填料为粒径0.5-1.0mm的天然沸石分子筛以及分子筛的混合物，填料配比为8:1。Said device, wherein, the composite filler of the turbo sieve filter tank is a mixture of natural zeolite molecular sieves and molecular sieves with a particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, and the filler ratio is 8:1.
本发明提供的利用上述装置净化生物污水的方法：The method for utilizing the above-mentioned device to purify biological sewage provided by the invention:
1)两级串联的格栅机分两个过滤精度对污水中的固体进行有效拦截，初步实现固液分离，阻隔污水中的大型固体，减少污水中的含固量，防止悬浮物对污水的后续处理造成影响；1) The two-stage series-connected grid machine can effectively intercept the solids in the sewage with two filtration precisions, initially realize the solid-liquid separation, block the large solids in the sewage, reduce the solid content in the sewage, and prevent the suspended solids from affecting the sewage. Subsequent processing has an impact;
2)格栅机的出水在纳米曝气消融装置中，利用曝气过程中纳米气泡的氧化、消融、断链作用，将污水中的高分子有机物迅速分解，长链有机物彻底打断，同时污水在高温纳米曝气下脱臭、除泡、分解难降解有机化合物，降低COD，灭杀残存的病原菌和微生物，改善水质，为污水后续生物处理提供了充足的碳源；2) In the nano-aeration and ablation device, the effluent of the grid machine uses the oxidation, ablation and chain breaking of nano-bubbles during the aeration process to quickly decompose the high-molecular organic matter in the sewage, and the long-chain organic matter is completely interrupted. At the same time, the sewage Deodorization, defoaming, and decomposition of refractory organic compounds under high-temperature nano-aeration, reducing COD, killing remaining pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms, improving water quality, and providing sufficient carbon sources for subsequent biological treatment of sewage;
3)纳米曝气消融装置出水流至快速土渗系统内，经过布水区布水，于快速渗滤区内处理后于沉淀区沉淀再作沉淀处理，降低下一步旋流筛滤池的筛滤处理难度；3) The water from the nano-aeration and ablation device flows into the rapid soil infiltration system, passes through the water distribution area, distributes water in the rapid infiltration area, and then settles in the sedimentation area for sedimentation treatment to reduce the sieve rate of the next cyclone filter tank. Difficulty of filtering;
4)快速土渗系统的出水通过涡轮筛滤池的缩口布水喷头形成的进水水流冲击作用下带动涡轮转动，搅扰涡轮筛滤池内复合填料表层，避免污染物质滞留在复合填料的表层上，使水流从复合填料缝隙之间快速流过，保证出水水质的同时，提高了过滤速率，延缓了反冲洗周期；4) The effluent of the rapid soil infiltration system drives the turbine to rotate under the impact of the influent water flow formed by the shrinking water distribution nozzle of the turbine screen filter tank, disturbing the surface layer of the composite filler in the turbine screen filter tank, and preventing pollutants from staying on the surface layer of the composite filler On the one hand, the water flow quickly flows through the gaps of the composite packing, while ensuring the quality of the effluent water, the filtration rate is improved and the backwash cycle is delayed;
旋流筛滤池内的纳米曝气头采用O3曝气，由于纳米气泡具有庞大的数量、比表面积、缓慢的上升速度等特性，同时气泡在水中停留时间长，增加了气液接触面积、接触时间，利于臭氧溶于水中，克服了臭氧难溶于水的缺点；微气泡内部具有较大的压力且纳米气泡破裂时界面消失，周围环境剧烈改变产生的化学能促使产生更多的羟基自由基·OH，增强O3氧化分解有机物的能力；且纳米级的O3气泡与紫外灭菌灯、半导体负载填料共存于涡轮筛滤池，提高高级氧化效果，可有效提高·OH产生率。旋流筛滤池的出水回流至快速土渗系统进水，调节水质并刺激植物生长过程分泌次生物质。The nano-aeration head in the cyclone filter tank adopts O 3 aeration, because the nano-bubbles have the characteristics of huge number, specific surface area, slow rising speed, etc., and the bubbles stay in the water for a long time, which increases the gas-liquid contact area, The contact time is conducive to the dissolution of ozone in water, which overcomes the shortcomings of ozone insoluble in water; the microbubbles have a large internal pressure and the interface disappears when the nanobubbles break, and the chemical energy generated by the drastic changes in the surrounding environment promotes the production of more free hydroxyl groups. OH, which enhances the ability of O 3 to oxidize and decompose organic matter; and nano-scale O 3 bubbles coexist with ultraviolet germicidal lamps and semiconductor-loaded fillers in the turbo-sieve filter to improve the advanced oxidation effect and effectively increase the OH generation rate. The effluent from the cyclone screen filter returns to the water inflow of the rapid soil infiltration system to adjust the water quality and stimulate the secretion of secondary substances during the growth of plants.
所述的方法，其中，紫外灭菌灯平均照射剂量在300J/m2以上。The method, wherein the average irradiation dose of the ultraviolet germicidal lamp is above 300J/m 2 .
本发明采用快速处理污水理念，使用一系列机械法、理化法、生物法有效缩短污水处理时间，快速使产生污水达到中水回用标准，无害化、资源化明显，有力避免由于污水处理周期长引发对周边环境的影响。同时本工艺具有景观观赏性，污水处理效果稳定等优点。本发明采用快速土渗系统，利用渗透性好的沙土与赤泥分子筛填料和植物构建适宜污水处理的复杂生态系统，后续使用筛滤过滤污水中悬浮物质，旋流筛滤池中纳米二氧化钛晶体作为光触媒在紫外灯照射下激发极具氧化力的自由负离子，同时在纳米曝气过程中以及超声波发生过程激发的能量亦可发生并加强自由负离子的产生，达成光催化效果；而自由负离子以及其摆脱共价键的束缚后留下空位，与纳米气泡表面带有的电荷同时产生微电解效果，可降解残余污染物质、灭杀污水中的细菌，病原菌，起到灭菌消毒的作用。The present invention adopts the concept of rapid sewage treatment, uses a series of mechanical methods, physical and chemical methods, and biological methods to effectively shorten the sewage treatment time, and quickly makes the produced sewage reach the standard of reclaimed water reuse, which is harmless and resourceful, and effectively avoids waste water treatment cycle long-term impact on the surrounding environment. At the same time, this process has the advantages of landscape appreciation and stable sewage treatment effect. The present invention adopts a rapid soil infiltration system, uses sandy soil with good permeability, red mud molecular sieve filler and plants to construct a complex ecological system suitable for sewage treatment, and subsequently uses sieve to filter suspended matter in sewage, and nano-titanium dioxide crystals in the swirl sieve filter tank as The photocatalyst excites highly oxidative free negative ions under the irradiation of ultraviolet lamps. At the same time, the energy excited during the nano-aeration process and the ultrasonic generation process can also generate and strengthen the generation of free negative ions to achieve a photocatalytic effect; while free negative ions and their elimination The vacancies are left behind the bondage of the covalent bond, and the micro-electrolysis effect is produced at the same time as the charge on the surface of the nanobubbles, which can degrade residual pollutants, kill bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in sewage, and play a role in sterilization and disinfection.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的快速土渗系统深度净化生活污水的装置示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for deep purification of domestic sewage by the rapid soil infiltration system of the present invention.
附图中主要组件符号说明：Explanation of main component symbols in the attached drawings:
1一级格栅机；2二级格栅机；3纳米曝气消融装置；4布水区；5快速渗滤区；6植物系统；7快速土渗系统；7A隔板；8沉淀区；9第一阀门；10缩口布水喷头；11旋流筛滤池；12涡轮；13缩口反洗喷头；14第二阀门；15反洗泵；16出水池；17液压泵；18第四阀门；19紫外灭菌灯；20多孔板；21、21A纳米曝气头；22半导体负载填料；23储水箱；24、24A、24B纳米曝气机；25第五阀门；26转子流量计；27曝气盘；28排泥孔；29超声波发生仪；30曝气管；31回流槽。1 first-level grid machine; 2 second-level grid machine; 3 nanometer aeration and ablation device; 4 water distribution area; 5 rapid infiltration area; 6 plant system; 7 rapid soil infiltration system; 7A clapboard; 9 the first valve; 10 shrinking mouth water distribution nozzle; 11 swirl screen filter; 12 turbine; 13 shrinking backwashing nozzle; 14 second valve; 15 backwashing pump; Valve; 19 UV sterilizing lamp; 20 porous plate; 21, 21A nanometer aeration head; 22 semiconductor loaded filler; 23 water storage tank; 24, 24A, 24B nanometer aerator; 25 fifth valve; 26 rotameter; Aeration disc; 28 mud discharge holes; 29 ultrasonic generator; 30 aeration tube; 31 return tank.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明的快速土渗系统深度净化生活污水的装置可以快速去除污水中污染物质(如：悬浮物、胶体、无机物、微生物等)。The device for deep purification of domestic sewage by the rapid soil infiltration system of the present invention can quickly remove pollutants (such as suspended solids, colloids, inorganic substances, microorganisms, etc.) in sewage.
本发明提供的快速土渗系统深度净化生活污水的装置，其主要结构包括：The device for the rapid soil infiltration system deep purification of domestic sewage provided by the present invention, its main structure includes:
两级串联的格栅机1、2分两个过滤精度对污水中的固体进行有效拦截，初步实现固液分离，阻隔污水中的大型固体，减少污水中的含固量，防止悬浮物对污水的后续处理造成影响。格栅机2的出水连接纳米曝气消融装置3的进水口。The two-stage grid machine 1 and 2 in series can effectively intercept the solids in the sewage with two filtration precisions, initially realize the solid-liquid separation, block the large solids in the sewage, reduce the solid content in the sewage, and prevent the suspended solids from affecting the sewage. impact on subsequent processing. The water outlet of the grid machine 2 is connected to the water inlet of the nano aeration ablation device 3 .
纳米曝气消融装置3底部开设有排泥口28，纳米曝气消融装置3内部位于排泥口28上方设置有曝气盘27，该曝气盘27连接一纳米曝气机24，利用曝气过程中纳米气泡的氧化、消融、断链作用，将污水中的高分子有机物迅速分解，长链有机物彻底打断，同时污水在高温纳米曝气下脱臭、除泡、分解难降解有机化合物，降低COD，灭杀残存的病原菌和微生物，改善水质，为污水后续生物处理提供了充足的碳源。为便于控制曝气量，曝气盘27与纳米曝气机24之间安装有转子流量计26。The bottom of the nano-aeration and ablation device 3 is provided with a mud discharge port 28, and the interior of the nano-aeration and ablation device 3 is located above the mud discharge port 28. An aeration disc 27 is provided. During the process, the oxidation, ablation, and chain breaking of nano-bubbles quickly decompose the high-molecular organic matter in the sewage, and the long-chain organic matter is completely interrupted. COD kills remaining pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms, improves water quality, and provides sufficient carbon source for subsequent biological treatment of sewage. For the convenience of controlling the aeration rate, a rotameter 26 is installed between the aeration disc 27 and the nano aerator 24 .
纳米曝气消融装置3的出水连接快速土渗系统7的进水口。The water outlet of the nano-aeration ablation device 3 is connected to the water inlet of the rapid soil infiltration system 7 .
快速土渗系统7高度为1000mm，分为布水区4、快速渗滤区5和沉淀区8三个部分，各区域之间有隔板7A进行隔断。其中，靠近快速土渗系统7的进水口的布水区4内填充的碎石和粉煤灰分子筛填料粒径为30-60mm，以大粒径填料对污水进行均匀布水，快速渗滤区5内填充的沙土与赤泥分子筛填料粒径为15-30mm，对污水进行快速生物处理，缩短了反应周期，提高了处理效率；布水区4为下行池，污水自上向下流动。布水区4的一侧为快速渗滤区5，在快速渗滤区5内污水自下而上、自左至右流动，最后溢流至沉淀区8内。快速土渗系统7的上部种植有植物(如美人蕉和香蒲等)，利用其庞大根系，增强植物根系与微生物的联合效果，增加土壤孔隙率以提高污水流行性，提升植物在土渗系统中吸收、吸附作用。快速土渗系统7种植的植物根系错综盘结，缠绕在碎石及沙土上，具有景观效果的同时提高处理效果对处理后污水进行沉淀处理，降低下一步旋流筛滤池的筛滤处理难度。沉淀区8内的出水通过第一阀门9连接涡轮筛滤池11的缩口布水喷头10。The rapid soil infiltration system 7 has a height of 1000mm, and is divided into three parts: water distribution area 4, rapid infiltration area 5 and sedimentation area 8, and partitions 7A are used to partition each area. Among them, the gravel and fly ash molecular sieve fillers filled in the water distribution area 4 close to the water inlet of the rapid soil infiltration system 7 have a particle size of 30-60mm, and the large particle size filler is used to evenly distribute water to the sewage, and the rapid infiltration area The particle size of the sand and red mud molecular sieve filled in 5 is 15-30mm, which can carry out rapid biological treatment of sewage, shorten the reaction cycle and improve the treatment efficiency; the water distribution area 4 is a descending pool, and the sewage flows from top to bottom. One side of the water distribution area 4 is the rapid infiltration area 5 , in which the sewage flows from bottom to top and from left to right, and finally overflows into the sedimentation area 8 . The upper part of the rapid soil infiltration system 7 is planted with plants (such as canna and cattails, etc.), and uses its huge root system to enhance the joint effect of plant roots and microorganisms, increase soil porosity to improve the prevalence of sewage, and improve the absorption of plants in the soil infiltration system. , Adsorption. The roots of plants planted in the rapid soil infiltration system 7 are intricately coiled and entangled on gravel and sand, which has a landscape effect and improves the treatment effect. The treated sewage is sedimented to reduce the difficulty of sieving treatment in the next step of the cyclone sieve filter tank. The outlet water in the sedimentation zone 8 is connected to the shrinking nozzle 10 of the turbine screen filter tank 11 through the first valve 9 .
涡轮筛滤池11采用快速过滤的理念截留大分子悬浮物和胶体，而且使水流从填料缝隙之间快速流过，避免污染物质滞留在填料的表层上，保证出水水质的同时，提高了过滤速率，延缓了反冲洗周期。Turbo screen filter 11 adopts the concept of rapid filtration to intercept macromolecular suspended solids and colloids, and allows water to flow quickly through the gaps in the filler to prevent pollutants from staying on the surface of the filler, ensuring the quality of effluent water and improving the filtration rate , delaying the backwash cycle.
涡轮筛滤池11由多孔板20(两层多孔板夹杂一层钢纱网)分为上、下两个部分。多孔板20上方铺设一层复合填料20A，该复合填料20A可以选择直径0.5-1.0mm的天然沸石分子筛以及分子筛，填料体积比为8:1进行混合，用以深度去除污染物质。复合填料20A的底部设置有纳米曝气头21，复合填料20A上方设置一涡轮12，涡轮筛滤池11的缩口布水头10设在涡轮12的一侧上部；涡轮12另一侧的上部设置有压力射流管，压力射流管上方有一曝气管30，曝气管30设有多个细孔曝气孔，曝气孔垂直向上；曝气管30上方设置有回流槽31，并安装有超声波发生仪29。多孔板20的下方为储水箱23，储水箱23的内壁均匀负载一层非金属掺杂光催化剂，储水箱23的底部安装有紫外灭菌灯19，在紫外灭菌灯19的空隙间设置纳米曝气头23B，储水箱23内剩余空间填充有半导体负载填料22(如纳米TiO2粉体负载在立体网状聚丙烯填料)，本发明将填料固定在载体上，解决了常规光催化剂需要分散剂协同使用的弊端，减少了催化剂的流失现象，避免了反应结束后催化剂的分离步骤。The turbo screen filter tank 11 is divided into upper and lower parts by a perforated plate 20 (two layers of perforated plates interleaved with a layer of steel gauze). A layer of composite filler 20A is laid on the porous plate 20. The composite filler 20A can choose natural zeolite molecular sieves with a diameter of 0.5-1.0mm and molecular sieves, and the filler volume ratio is 8:1 for mixing to remove pollutants deeply. The bottom of the composite packing 20A is provided with a nano-aeration head 21, and a turbine 12 is provided above the composite packing 20A, and the shrinking cloth water head 10 of the turbine screen filter tank 11 is arranged on one side of the turbine 12; There is a pressure jet tube, and an aeration tube 30 is arranged above the pressure jet tube. The aeration tube 30 is provided with a plurality of fine-hole aeration holes, and the aeration holes are vertically upward; Generator 29. Below the perforated plate 20 is a water storage tank 23, the inner wall of the water storage tank 23 evenly loads a layer of non-metal doped photocatalyst, the bottom of the water storage tank 23 is equipped with an ultraviolet sterilization lamp 19, and nanometer The aeration head 23B, the remaining space in the water storage tank 23 is filled with semiconductor-loaded filler 22 (such as nano TiO 2 powder is loaded on the three-dimensional network polypropylene filler), and the present invention fixes the filler on the carrier, which solves the need for dispersion of conventional photocatalysts. The disadvantages of the synergistic use of the catalyst reduce the loss of the catalyst and avoid the separation step of the catalyst after the reaction.
旋流筛滤池11内的纳米曝气头21和纳米曝气头23B分别各连接一纳米曝气机24、24B连接，且旋流筛滤池多孔板上方的纳米曝气头21进气为O2，储水箱内的纳米曝气头23B进气为O3。使用涡轮筛滤池11时，储水箱内的纳米曝气头23B不连续工作，产生的空气自多孔板20向上鼓起，分割成小气泡，间歇冲散复合填料21上的致密污物层，污染物质层破碎成片状浮起，在曝气管30的浮力以及涡轮12转动时向右(图示方向)推力的协同作用下，溢流至回流槽31，使复合填料21截留的污染物集中排除涡轮筛滤池11外，与涡轮筛滤池11的进水混合重新处理。可以延长涡轮筛滤池11的使用寿命及反洗周期，对于进水浊度较低的情况，甚至可以无需反冲洗，不断运行净化污水。The nano-aeration head 21 and the nano-aeration head 23B in the cyclone filter tank 11 are respectively connected to a nano-aerator 24, 24B to connect, and the nano-aeration head 21 air intake above the porous plate of the cyclone screen filter tank is O 2 , the intake air of the nano aeration head 23B in the water storage tank is O 3 . When the turbo screen filter tank 11 is used, the nano-aeration head 23B in the water storage tank does not work continuously, and the air generated rises upward from the porous plate 20 and is divided into small air bubbles, which intermittently disperse the dense dirt layer on the composite filler 21. The pollutant layer is broken into flakes and floats, and under the synergistic effect of the buoyancy of the aeration pipe 30 and the thrust to the right (in the direction shown in the figure) when the turbine 12 rotates, it overflows to the backflow tank 31, so that the pollutants trapped by the composite filler 21 Exclude the turbine sieve filter tank 11 in a concentrated manner, and mix with the influent water from the turbine sieve filter tank 11 for retreatment. It can prolong the service life and the backwash cycle of the turbo screen filter tank 11. For the case of low influent turbidity, it can even run continuously to purify sewage without backwashing.
旋流筛滤池11内的纳米曝气头21采用O3曝气，由于纳米气泡具有庞大的数量、比表面积、缓慢的上升速度等特性，同时气泡在水中停留时间长，增加了气液接触面积、接触时间，利于臭氧溶于水中，克服了臭氧难溶于水的缺点；微气泡内部具有较大的压力且纳米气泡破裂时界面消失，周围环境剧烈改变产生的化学能促使产生更多的羟基自由基·OH，增强O3氧化分解有机物的能力；且纳米级的O3气泡与紫外灭菌灯(紫外灭菌灯平均照射剂量在300J/m2以上)、半导体负载填料共存于涡轮筛滤池11，提高高级氧化效果，可有效提高·OH产生率。涡轮筛滤池11的储水箱23的出水通过第三阀门17与纳米曝气沉降池16相连。储水箱23通过第四阀门18连接一缩口反洗喷头13，该缩口反洗喷头13设在复合填料20A表面。纳米曝气沉降池16的出水口通过反洗泵15与缩口反洗喷头13连接，在反洗泵15与缩口反洗喷头13之间设有第二阀门14。The nano-aeration head 21 in the cyclone filter tank 11 adopts O 3 aeration, because the nano-bubbles have characteristics such as huge number, specific surface area, and slow rising speed, and the bubbles stay in the water for a long time, which increases the gas-liquid contact. The area and contact time are conducive to the dissolution of ozone in water, which overcomes the shortcomings of ozone insoluble in water; the microbubbles have a large internal pressure and the interface disappears when the nanobubbles break, and the chemical energy generated by the drastic changes in the surrounding environment promotes the production of more Hydroxyl radical OH, enhance the ability of O 3 to oxidize and decompose organic matter; and nano-scale O 3 bubbles coexist with ultraviolet sterilizing lamps (the average irradiation dose of ultraviolet sterilizing lamps is above 300J/m 2 ), and semiconductor-loaded fillers coexist in the turbo sieve The filter tank 11 improves the advanced oxidation effect and can effectively increase the OH generation rate. The outlet water of the water storage tank 23 of the turbo screen filter tank 11 is connected with the nano-aeration sedimentation tank 16 through the third valve 17 . The water storage tank 23 is connected to a necking backwash nozzle 13 through a fourth valve 18, and the necking backwash nozzle 13 is arranged on the surface of the composite packing 20A. The water outlet of the nano-aeration sedimentation tank 16 is connected to the necking backwash nozzle 13 through the backwash pump 15, and a second valve 14 is arranged between the backwash pump 15 and the necking backwash nozzle 13.
本发明利用上述装置净化生物污水的方法是：The method that the present invention utilizes said device to purify biological sewage is:
污水在重力作用下流经两级格栅机，污水中的固体颗粒被截留在格栅网格表面，污水自网格孔隙流至纳米曝气消融装置，开启纳米曝气机，利用纳米曝气过程中纳米气泡的氧化、消融、断链作用，将污水中的高分子有机物迅速分解，长链有机物彻底打断，同时污水在高温纳米曝气下脱臭、除泡、分解难降解有机化合物，降低COD，灭杀残存的病原菌和微生物，改善水质，为污水后续生物处理提供了充足的碳源。Sewage flows through the two-stage grid machine under the action of gravity, and the solid particles in the sewage are trapped on the surface of the grid grid. The sewage flows from the grid pores to the nano-aeration ablation device, and the nano-aeration machine is turned on to utilize the nano-aeration process. The oxidation, ablation, and chain breaking of nano-bubbles in the sewage quickly decompose the high-molecular organic matter in the sewage, and the long-chain organic matter is completely interrupted. At the same time, the sewage is deodorized, defoamed, and decomposes refractory organic compounds under high-temperature nano-aeration, reducing COD. , kill the remaining pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms, improve water quality, and provide sufficient carbon source for subsequent biological treatment of sewage.
纳米曝气消融装置出水流至快速土渗系统内，经过布水区布水，于快速渗滤区内深度处理，最后于沉淀区沉淀处理。其中，布水区内填充碎石和粉煤灰分子筛填料，快速渗滤区内沙土与赤泥分子筛填料，虽然降低填料过滤效果，但缩短了反应周期，提高了处理效率；沉淀区对处理后污水进行沉淀处理，降低下一步旋流筛滤池的筛滤处理难度。反冲洗时开启第五阀门，导入涡轮筛滤池内储水池中净水对系统进行反冲洗。布水区内填充的粉煤灰分子筛用于大量吸附污染负荷并逐渐缓释，用于降低污染负荷和毒性，快速渗滤区的赤泥分子筛填料层利用偏碱性的赤泥分子筛作为填料，迅速吸附中和厌氧部分酸化产生的小分子酸，调节污水酸碱度，使装置内环境更适宜植物、微生物生存；同时营造偏碱性环境固定污水中的重金属，防止其浸出，利用小分子有机物供给植物养分，在植物生长过程中吸附、吸收重金属进行重金属生物稳定化。所有的混合填料表面形成生物膜，由上至下形成好氧、缺氧、厌氧状态，在植物根系与微生物的协同作用下去除污水中的污染物质。The effluent from the nano-aeration and ablation device flows into the rapid soil infiltration system, passes through the water distribution area, and is further treated in the rapid infiltration area, and finally settled in the sedimentation area. Among them, gravel and fly ash molecular sieve fillers are filled in the water distribution area, and sand and red mud molecular sieve fillers are filled in the rapid infiltration area. Although the filtering effect of the fillers is reduced, the reaction cycle is shortened and the treatment efficiency is improved; The sewage is treated by sedimentation, which reduces the difficulty of sieving treatment in the next step of the cyclone sieve filter tank. When backwashing, the fifth valve is opened, and the clean water is introduced into the water storage tank in the turbine screen filter tank to backwash the system. The fly ash molecular sieve filled in the water distribution area is used to absorb a large amount of pollution load and release it gradually to reduce pollution load and toxicity. The red mud molecular sieve packing layer in the rapid infiltration area uses alkaline red mud molecular sieve as filler. Rapidly absorb and neutralize the small molecule acids produced by anaerobic partial acidification, adjust the pH of the sewage, and make the environment in the device more suitable for the survival of plants and microorganisms; at the same time, create an alkaline environment to fix the heavy metals in the sewage, prevent them from leaching, and use small molecule organic matter to supply Plant nutrients, adsorb and absorb heavy metals during plant growth for heavy metal biostabilization. Biofilms are formed on the surface of all mixed fillers, and aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic states are formed from top to bottom, and pollutants in sewage are removed under the synergy of plant roots and microorganisms.
根据本发明一个实施例，利用本发明的快速土渗系统深度净化生活污水的装置每小时处理量超过1000吨，出水微生物、污染物去除率达到100％。According to one embodiment of the present invention, the device for deep purification of domestic sewage using the rapid soil infiltration system of the present invention has a treatment capacity of more than 1,000 tons per hour, and the removal rate of microorganisms and pollutants in the effluent reaches 100%.
本发明采用三级反冲洗技术进行反冲洗：The present invention adopts three-stage backwashing technology to carry out backwashing:
一级反冲洗为曝气循环反冲洗，由于污染物质在填料表面的堆积，污水难以透过填料之间的空隙渗透下去，在筛滤过程中进行反冲洗，开启曝气管30并间歇开启多孔板下方纳米曝气机24B，储水箱23内纳米曝气头不连续工作，空气自多孔板向上鼓起，分割成小气泡，间歇冲散筛滤填料上的致密污物层，污染物质层破碎成片状浮起，在曝气管的浮力以及涡轮转动时向右推力的协同作用下产生波轮效果，大力清洗填料表层片状致密污染物，溢流至回流槽，使填料截留的污染物集中排除装置外，与进水混合重新处理，污水也可继续自分子筛空隙渗透下去；一级反冲洗可延长筛滤装置使用寿命及反洗周期，对于进水浊度较低的情况，甚至可以无需反冲洗，使装置不断运行净化污水。The first level of backwash is an aeration cycle backwash. Due to the accumulation of pollutants on the surface of the filler, it is difficult for the sewage to penetrate through the gaps between the fillers. Backwash is carried out during the screening process, and the aeration pipe 30 is opened and the porous is intermittently opened. The nano-aerator 24B under the plate and the nano-aerator head in the water storage tank 23 work discontinuously, and the air bulges upward from the porous plate and is divided into small bubbles, which intermittently wash away the dense dirt layer on the sieve packing, and the pollutant layer is broken Floating in flakes, the buoyancy of the aeration tube and the rightward thrust of the turbine will produce a pulsator effect under the synergy of the buoyancy of the aeration tube and the rightward thrust of the turbine, vigorously cleaning the sheet-shaped dense pollutants on the surface of the packing, and overflowing to the return tank, so that the pollutants retained by the packing In addition to the centralized removal device, it is mixed with the influent water for retreatment, and the sewage can continue to permeate through the gap of the molecular sieve; the first-stage backwash can prolong the service life of the sieve filter device and the backwash cycle. For the case of low influent turbidity, it can even There is no need for backwashing, so that the device can continue to operate to purify sewage.
二级反冲洗为空气脉冲反冲洗，由于污水浊度过高，导致污染物质在填料表面的大量堆积，仅仅靠一级反冲洗步骤仍不能达到继续筛滤的效果。此时关闭缩口进水管10的阀门以及旋流筛滤池11和出水池16之间的阀门，开启反洗泵15的阀门，启动反洗泵15、曝气管30及两纳米曝气机24A、24B，将出水池16导入储水箱23中。在回水压力的作用下，储水箱23中的全部空气受到快速挤压，沿分压仓上细孔上升，全部筛滤填料层在上升空气、旋转扰动的波轮作用及填料下纳米曝气头的冲击力作用下，填料间隙的污染物质破碎浮起，又在曝气管的浮力以及进水冲击挡流板向右推力的协同作用下，溢流至回流槽与初始进水混合，待水面快速下降。过滤速率重新稳定后，关闭反洗泵15的阀门、反洗泵15及两纳米曝气机24A、24B，开启缩口进水管10的阀门以及旋流筛滤池11和出水池16之间的阀门，继续进行筛滤处理。The second-stage backwash is an air pulse backwash. Due to the high turbidity of the sewage, a large amount of pollutants accumulate on the surface of the filler. The effect of continuous screening cannot be achieved only by the first-stage backwash step. Now close the valve of the shrinkage inlet pipe 10 and the valve between the swirl screen filter pool 11 and the outlet pool 16, open the valve of the backwash pump 15, start the backwash pump 15, the aeration pipe 30 and the two nanometer aerators 24A, 24B, leading the outlet pool 16 into the water storage tank 23 . Under the action of the return water pressure, all the air in the water storage tank 23 is quickly squeezed and rises along the fine holes on the partial pressure chamber, and the entire filter packing layer is aerated under the rising air, the action of the rotating turbulent wave wheel and the packing. Under the action of the impact force of the head, the pollutants in the filler gap are broken and floated, and under the synergistic effect of the buoyancy of the aeration tube and the rightward thrust of the incoming water impact baffle, they overflow to the return tank and mix with the initial incoming water. The water level drops rapidly. After the filtration rate is stabilized again, close the valve of the backwash pump 15, the backwash pump 15 and two nanometer aerators 24A, 24B, open the valve of the shrinkage inlet pipe 10 and the gap between the swirl screen filter pool 11 and the outlet pool 16. valve, continue with the sieving process.
三级反冲洗为曝气湍流反冲洗，此时一、二级反冲洗已经不足以解决污染物质对填料的覆盖、阻塞问题，污水大量积聚不得过滤。此时关闭缩口进水管10的阀门，开启旋流筛滤池11和出水池16之间的阀门以及反洗泵15的阀门，启动反洗泵15、曝气管30、超声波发生仪29及两纳米曝气机24A、24B，将出水池内出水大量导入储水箱23中。⑴储水箱23内部空气沿多孔板细孔上升搅拌，填料底部纳米曝气头开始曝气，填料上方涡轮不断转动；⑵利用纳米曝气技术冲击、氧化、气浮及高温作用协同清洗，上方填料呈现湍流状态，进行无规则高速运动状态，填料在水流旋涡的冲击力和气泡的剪切力作用下相互摩擦，填料上附着的有机污染物能够去除，得到较为纯净的填料；⑶利用超声波发生仪在液体介质中产生超声波，在筛滤填料表面产生空化效应，空化汽泡在闭合过程中破裂时形成的冲击波，会在其周围产生上千个气压的冲击压力，作用在填料表面上破坏污物之间粘性，并使它们迅速分散在反洗液中，从而达到填料表面洁净的效果。⑷空气排净后，出水池的出水继续导入，富含羟自由基的出水冲洗湍流状态的的填料颗粒表面及微孔，剥离污染物质，填料得到再生。⑸而污染物质在水流冲击力及右侧曝气管气浮作用下不断向上浮至水面，自左端进水堰及右端回流槽流出与初始进水混合。经过三级反冲洗，内部污染物被清洗排空殆尽。The third-stage backwashing is aeration turbulent backwashing. At this time, the first and second-stage backwashing are not enough to solve the problem of covering and blocking the filler by pollutants, and a large amount of sewage cannot be filtered. Now close the valve of the shrinkage inlet pipe 10, open the valve between the swirl screen filter pool 11 and the outlet pool 16 and the valve of the backwash pump 15, start the backwash pump 15, the aeration pipe 30, the ultrasonic generator 29 and the backwash pump 15. Two nanometer aerators 24A, 24B import a large amount of effluent in the effluent pool into the water storage tank 23 . ⑴The air inside the water storage tank 23 rises and stirs along the pores of the porous plate, the nano-aeration head at the bottom of the filler starts to aerate, and the turbine above the filler rotates continuously; It is in a state of turbulent flow and is in a state of irregular high-speed motion. The fillers rub against each other under the impact of the vortex of the water flow and the shear force of the air bubbles. The organic pollutants attached to the fillers can be removed and a relatively pure filler can be obtained; (3) Using an ultrasonic generator Ultrasonic waves are generated in the liquid medium, and a cavitation effect is generated on the surface of the sieve packing. The shock wave formed when the cavitation bubble breaks during the closing process will generate thousands of air pressure impact pressure around it, acting on the surface of the packing to destroy The dirt is sticky, and they are quickly dispersed in the backwash solution, so as to achieve the effect of cleaning the surface of the filler. ⑷After the air is exhausted, the effluent from the effluent tank continues to be introduced, and the effluent rich in hydroxyl radicals washes the surface and micropores of the filler particles in the turbulent state, strips off the pollutants, and the filler is regenerated. (5) The pollutants float upwards to the water surface continuously under the impact force of the water flow and the air flotation of the right aeration tube, and flow out from the left inlet weir and the right return trough to mix with the initial inlet water. After three-stage backwashing, the internal pollutants are cleaned and emptied.
常规砂滤是在过滤过程中不扰动砂层，使水流从砂子细小缝隙之间流过。通常采用不扰动砂层，压实填料、增加水压、砂上附加网格等手段改进砂滤过程，让水流从砂子细小缝隙之间流过，而污染物质停留在砂层的表层上。本发明则是利用涡轮转动扰动填料表层，防止污染物质堆积对水流的顺利通过形成阻力，同时利用高级氧化、纳米曝气、气泡的冲击力和剪切力等手段改进装置，利用分子筛、锰砂等填料进行优化设计，最后使用三级反冲洗等改进处理过程。Conventional sand filtration does not disturb the sand layer during the filtration process, allowing water to flow through the small gaps in the sand. Usually, the sand filtration process is improved by means of not disturbing the sand layer, compacting the filler, increasing the water pressure, and adding grids on the sand, so that the water flows through the small gaps in the sand, while the pollutants stay on the surface of the sand layer. The present invention utilizes the rotation of the turbine to disturb the surface of the filler to prevent the accumulation of pollutants from forming resistance to the smooth passage of the water flow. At the same time, the device is improved by means of advanced oxidation, nano-aeration, impact force and shear force of air bubbles, and the molecular sieve and manganese sand are used to improve the device. Optimize the design of packing materials, and finally use three-stage backwashing to improve the treatment process.
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| CN101525200A (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2009-09-09 | 江苏大学 | Ecological soil purifying bed with automatic domestic sewage reoxygenation function |
| DE102009041143A1 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-03-24 | Frederick Simon Oosthuizen | Processing mining waste water comprises separating sulfur metal ions and sulfate from water, reducing sulfur metal ions and sulfate to sulfide and removing the sulfide from waste water, and oxidizing the waste water loaded with iron salts |
| CN102107995A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2011-06-29 | 北京林业大学 | Low-temperature municipal sewage reinforced treatment method based on chemical coagulation-two stage aeration biological filter combined technique |
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| JPS58189093A (en) * | 1982-04-30 | 1983-11-04 | Toshiba Corp | Treatment of aqueous hydrazine |
| CN101525200A (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2009-09-09 | 江苏大学 | Ecological soil purifying bed with automatic domestic sewage reoxygenation function |
| DE102009041143A1 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-03-24 | Frederick Simon Oosthuizen | Processing mining waste water comprises separating sulfur metal ions and sulfate from water, reducing sulfur metal ions and sulfate to sulfide and removing the sulfide from waste water, and oxidizing the waste water loaded with iron salts |
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