CN104193086B - The apparatus and method of a kind of villages and small towns collective and distributive type sewage fast processing - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for villages and small towns collective and distributive type sewage fast processing, comprising: two sections of grid makers, and the water outlet of this grid maker imports one-level surface turbulence screen apparatus, and the water outlet of one-level surface turbulence screen apparatus imports A ²/ O combined-flow flap soil oozes system, A ²the water outlet that/O combined-flow flap soil oozes system imports secondary surface turbulence screen apparatus, and the water outlet of secondary surface turbulence screen apparatus imports cyclone desanding device.The invention also discloses the method utilizing said apparatus to carry out villages and small towns collective and distributive type sewage fast processing.

Description

A device and method for rapid treatment of village and town collection and distribution sewage

technical field

The invention relates to a device for rapid treatment of collected and distributed sewage in villages and towns.

The present invention also relates to a method for sewage treatment using the above-mentioned device.

Background technique

Current situation of water environment in villages and towns in my country my country is a large agricultural country, and the rural area accounts for 57.59% of the total land area of the country. However, due to various reasons, the control of rural water pollution has not been paid enough attention. Pollution prevention and control investment is almost all invested in industry and cities, while rural environmental protection facilities are almost zero. In recent years, the situation of rural water environment has been deteriorating, and pollution accidents have occurred from time to time. The main reasons are: water environment pollution caused by pollutants discharged by township enterprises; non-point source pollution caused by a large number of unreasonable use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers; wastewater discharge from farms pollutes water environment; sewage recharge leads to water quality deterioration; domestic sewage and The random discharge of waste pollutes the water environment. The deterioration of rural water environment not only reduces grain production, but also directly threatens the health of farmers living in vast rural areas. This has seriously affected the ecology, production and life safety and economic development of vast rural areas.

Village and town sewage characteristics and treatment requirements:

(1) The population of villages and towns is small, the distribution is wide and scattered, the water quality and volume of sewage fluctuate greatly, and the drainage pipe network is very unsound. Therefore, the selected sewage treatment process should have strong impact load resistance and should be treated separately nearby;

(2) The economic power of villages and towns is weak, therefore, sewage treatment should fully consider the process of low construction cost, low operating cost, low energy consumption or no energy consumption;

(3) Villages and towns lack sewage treatment professionals, and the selected process should be easy to manage and easy to maintain.

The development of village and town sewage treatment models is unbalanced in various regions of my country, and the differences between different villages and towns are large. In addition, the differences in living styles and living habits have been formed in rural areas for a long time. Appropriate treatment methods should be selected according to the specific conditions in rural areas. Simple, low construction cost, easy operation and so on.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for rapid treatment of village and town collection and distribution sewage.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for rapidly treating village and town collecting and distributing sewage by using the above-mentioned device.

In order to achieve the above object, the device for rapid treatment of village and town collection and distribution sewage provided by the present invention includes:

Two-stage grill machine, the frame of the grill machine is equipped with a coarse screen and a fine screen, and the sewage treated by the grill machine is introduced into the first-level surface turbulence screening device through the booster pump;

The first-level surface turbulence screening device is divided into upper and lower parts by a porous plate. The inner surface of the filter packing is connected to the two-stage grill machine through the shrinkage inlet pipe;

The first-level surface turbulence screening device is provided with a shrinkage backwash pipe under the other side corresponding to the shrinkage inlet pipe, and the booster pump is connected through the backwash valve, and a reflux tank is arranged above the shrinkage backwash pipe;

Below the perforated plate is the water storage tank. The inner wall of the water storage tank is evenly loaded with a layer of non-metallic doped photocatalyst. The bottom of the water storage tank is equipped with an ultraviolet sterilization lamp. Filled with semiconductor loaded filler;

The water outlet of the water storage tank of the first-level surface turbulence screening device is connected to the upper treatment area of the lower part of the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system through a hydraulic pump, and the lower part of the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system The effluent from the lower half of the treatment area is introduced into the lower treatment area of the upper half of the A ² /O compound flow baffle soil infiltration system;

The A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system is divided into an upper part and a lower part. The upper part is composed of folded slabs to form upper and lower treatment areas. Water, the lower treatment area uses a mixed filler made of gravel and coarse sand to treat sewage in an aerobic environment, and the direction of sewage flow is horizontal subsurface flow; The mixed packing made of crushed stone and coarse sand is used to treat the sewage in an anaerobic environment. The sewage flow direction is horizontal subsurface flow. The lower treatment area uses pebbles to treat the sewage anaerobically and guide the water outlet. The sewage flow direction is vertical. undercurrent;

The outlet water of A ² /O compound flow baffle soil infiltration system is connected to the secondary surface turbulence screening device;

The secondary surface turbulence screening device is divided into upper and lower parts by a porous plate. The holes of the porous plate are inclined. The mixture of modified manganese sand and natural zeolite molecular sieve is laid on the porous plate as the sieve packing; the bottom of the sieve packing is set There is a nano-aeration head, and the inner surface of the filter packing is connected to the water outlet of the A ² /O compound flow baffle soil infiltration system through the shrinkage water inlet pipe;

The secondary surface turbulence screening device is provided with a shrinkage backwash pipe under the other side corresponding to the shrinkage inlet pipe, and the booster pump is connected through the backwash valve, and a return tank is arranged above the shrinkage backwash pipe;

Below the perforated plate is the water storage tank. The inner wall of the water storage tank is evenly loaded with a layer of non-metallic doped photocatalyst. The bottom of the water storage tank is equipped with an ultraviolet sterilization lamp. Filled with semiconductor loaded filler;

The secondary surface turbulence screening device is located on one side of the reflux tank and is equipped with an aeration tube. The aeration tube is equipped with multiple fine-pore aeration holes, and the fine-pore aeration holes are vertically upward; an ultrasonic generator is installed above the sieve packing;

The water outlet of the water storage tank of the secondary surface turbulence screening device is connected to the cyclone desanding device through a hydraulic pump, and the upper part of the cyclone desanding device is connected to the shrinking backwash pipe of the primary surface turbulent screening device and the secondary surface desanding device respectively. Shrink backwash pipe of turbulent flow screening device;

The bottom of the cyclone desanding device is provided with a mud outlet, and the top is equipped with a mixer motor. The impeller of the mixer is inclined upward. When rotating, the sewage in the pool will make a spiral movement, and the dense sand in the sewage will be thrown to the cyclone. The pool wall of the sand removal device sinks into the sand bucket under the action of gravity.

In the device, the precision of the coarse screen in the two-stage grid machine is 21 mm, and the precision of the fine screen is 8 mm; the coarse screen and the fine screen are arranged at an angle of 60 degrees to the horizontal.

In the device, the sieve filler in the primary surface turbulent sieve device is large-grained quartz sand with a particle size of 7-30mm.

In the device, the sieving filler in the secondary surface turbulent sieving device is a mixture of modified manganese sand with a particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm and natural zeolite molecular sieves with a particle size of 1.2-2.0 mm.

In the device, the non-metal doped photocatalyst uniformly loaded on the inner wall of the water storage tank is nano TiO ₂ powder.

In the device, the semiconductor-loaded filler filled in the remaining space inside the water storage tank is the filler formed by nano- _TiO2 powder loaded on three-dimensional network polypropylene.

In the device, the nano-aeration heads in the first-level surface turbulent filtering device and the second-level surface turbulent filtering device are respectively connected to nano-aerators.

In the described device, the rotational speed of the agitator in the cyclone desanding device is 10-30r/min.

The method provided by the present invention utilizes the above-mentioned device to carry out the method for rapid treatment of village and town collecting and distributing sewage:

Under the action of gravity, the sewage passes through the two-stage screen to intercept the solid particles in the liquid, and continuously removes the impurities in the fluid. The water inlet pipe buried in the surface layer of the filter packing is introduced into the first-level surface turbulent filter device for sieving. During the water process, the impact force of the cross-flow of the incoming water is used to disturb the surface of the sieve packing to form turbulence and prevent the accumulation of pollutants on the surface of the sieve packing to form resistance to the smooth passage of water flow;

The first-level surface turbulent sieving device performs intermittent aeration, and the air bubbles impact the sieve packing during aeration, breaking up the pollutant layer on the surface of the sieve packing and making it float, so that the sewage can pass through the sieve packing smoothly;

After the sewage treated by the first-level surface turbulence screening device enters the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system from the upper treatment area of the lower half, it is passed through the lower half of the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system. The upper treatment area uses mixed fillers to treat sewage in an anaerobic environment. The direction of sewage flow is horizontal subsurface flow. The lower treatment area uses pebbles to treat sewage anaerobically and conduct water discharge. The direction of sewage flow is vertical subsurface flow; The lower treatment area in the half part uses mixed fillers to treat sewage in an aerobic environment, and the sewage flow direction is horizontal subsurface flow, and the upper treatment area uses pebbles to treat sewage with anoxic aerobic conditions and guide water out;

The sewage entering from the lower part of the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system is initially treated through horizontal underflow-vertical water diversion. By using the baffle to extend the anoxic-anaerobic part, a large amount of refractory substances in the sewage are decomposed, and the The effluent is introduced into the upper tank of the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system, and the anoxic-aerobic treatment is carried out. The sewage is treated under the synergy of microorganisms, fillers and plants, and the easily degradable organic matter in it is decomposed. and remove other pollutants;

The sewage treated by the A ² /O compound flow baffle soil infiltration system is introduced into the second-level surface turbulent flow screening device through the water inlet pipe buried in the surface layer of the filter packing for sieving, and the impact force of the cross-flow of the incoming water is used in the process of water inflow Disturb the surface of the filter packing to form turbulent flow and prevent the accumulation of pollutants on the surface of the filter packing to form resistance to the smooth passage of water flow;

The secondary surface turbulent sieving device performs intermittent aeration, and the air bubbles impact the sieve packing during aeration, breaking up the pollutant layer on the surface of the sieve packing and making it float, so that the sewage can pass through the sieve packing smoothly; above the packing The right end is provided with an aeration tube, and the aeration tube is equipped with a plurality of fine aeration holes, and the aeration holes are vertically upward, and the air bubbles push the floating pollutants to the water surface, overflow to the return tank, and mix with the incoming water to adjust the incoming water Water quality, while prolonging the service life of the filter device and the backwash cycle;

The air intake of the nano-aeration head at the bottom of the first-level surface turbulence screening device and the second-level surface turbulence screening device is O ₂ , which is used to clean the packing; the intake air of the nano-aeration head in the water storage tank is O ₃ , through nano-aeration A large number of hydroxyl radicals are obtained, and the oxidation effect is improved together with the ultraviolet sterilizing lamp and the semiconductor-loaded filler. At the same time, the effluent rich in hydroxyl radicals flushes the sieve packing when the device is backwashed, so that the sieve packing is cleaned and regenerated;

The effluent from the secondary surface turbulence screening device is introduced into the cyclone desanding device to remove the sand particles in the sewage, and the sewage is discharged up to the standard after the above treatment;

The effluent from the secondary surface turbulence screening device is simultaneously returned to the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system to regulate water quality and stimulate the secretion of secondary substances during plant growth.

In the method, the average irradiation dose of ultraviolet germicidal lamps in the first-level surface turbulent sieving device and the second-level surface turbulent sieving device is above 300 J/m ² .

The present invention uses a grid machine to filter large floating objects in sewage, and then uses a surface turbulent flow screening device to reduce suspended matter and colloids in the sewage, so as to reduce the hydraulic load of the subsequent soil infiltration system and reduce the risk factor of system blockage, and then use the surface turbulent flow The screening device performs advanced treatment on the sewage, reduces the turbidity of the sewage, improves its transparency, and makes the sewage meet the national discharge standard. The process of the invention is simple in operation, obvious in effect, low in capital construction cost, simple in operation, easy to operate, can avoid secondary pollution in the process of treatment, improves the quality of sewage effluent and reuses recyclable resources. Among them, the nano-titanium dioxide crystals in the surface turbulent sieving device are used as photocatalysts to excite highly oxidative free negative ions under the irradiation of ultraviolet lamps. At the same time, the energy excited during the nano-aeration process and the ultrasonic generation process can also occur and strengthen the production of free negative ions. Achieve photocatalytic effect; free negative ions and their vacancies after getting rid of the bondage of covalent bonds, and the charge on the surface of nanobubbles produce micro-electrolysis effect at the same time, which can kill Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, viruses, etc., and decompose Residual refractory organic compounds and toxic substances are used to disinfect and degrade sewage in a durable and safe manner. It has great advantages in the treatment of environmental hormones (such as hormone pesticides, antibiotics, dioxins, estrogens, and artificial synthetic hormones and other trace harmful chemicals), which can completely mineralize or decompose most of the organic matter. While the sewage is screened and treated, the effluent is purified and disinfected, and the effluent better meets the national requirements.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for rapid treatment of village and town collection and distribution sewage according to the present invention.

Explanation of main component symbols in the attached drawings:

1 Coarse screen; 2 Two-stage grille machine; 3 Fine screen; 4 Booster pump; ;9 Shrink backwash pipe; 10 Backwash valve; 11 Plant system; ¹² Cobblestone; 13 Folded plate; 18 impeller; 19 hydraulic pump; 20 water outlet valve; 21 ultraviolet sterilizing lamp; 22 porous plate; 23 nano aeration head; 24 semiconductor loaded packing; 25 water storage tank; Tube; 29 reflux tanks.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the left, right, up, down, etc. mentioned in the following descriptions are all based on the directions shown in the drawings.

See Figure 1.

The device for rapid treatment of village and town collection and distribution sewage provided by the present invention, its main structure includes:

Two-stage grid machine 2, the frame of the grid machine 2 is equipped with a coarse screen 1 (for example, the precision is 21mm) and a fine screen 3 (for example, the precision is 8mm) two-stage screen, the coarse screen 1 and the fine screen 3. It is arranged at an angle of 60 degrees between the frame and the horizontal. Under the action of gravity, the sewage passes through the coarse and fine two-stage screens to intercept the solid particles in the liquid and continuously remove the impurities in the fluid. Solid-liquid separation equipment; The sewage treated by the machine 2 is introduced into the first-level surface turbulence screening device 7 through the booster pump 4 .

The primary surface turbulence screening device 7 is divided into upper and lower parts by a perforated plate 22 . The holes of the perforated plate 22 are inclined, and a layer of sieve packing 6 is laid on the top of the perforated plate 22. The sieve packing 6 is large-grained quartz sand with a particle size of 7-30 mm. The bottom of the sieve packing 6 is provided with a nano aeration head 23 , and the inner surface of the sieve packing 6 is connected to the two-stage grill machine 2 through the shrinkage inlet pipe 5 . The first-level surface turbulence screening device 7 is provided with a shrinkage backwash pipe 9 under the other side corresponding to the shrinkage inlet pipe 5 , and is connected to the booster pump 4 through a backwash valve 10 . The bottom of the perforated plate 22 is a water storage tank 25, and the inner wall of the water storage tank 25 is evenly loaded with a layer of non-metal doped photocatalyst (such as nano-TiO ₂ powder). Nano-aeration heads 23 are set between the gaps, and the remaining space inside the water storage tank 25 is filled with semiconductor-loaded fillers 24 (such as nano- _TiO2 powder loaded on three-dimensional network polypropylene fillers), and the present invention fixes the semiconductor-loaded fillers 24 on the carrier , which solves the disadvantages of conventional photocatalysts that require the coordinated use of dispersants, reduces the loss of catalysts, and avoids the separation of catalysts after the reaction.

The water outlet of the water storage tank 25 of the primary surface turbulence screening device 7 is connected to the A ² /O compound flow baffle soil infiltration system 15 through a hydraulic pump 19 .

The A ² /O compound flow baffle soil infiltration system 15 is divided into upper and lower parts, the upper part is divided into upper and lower treatment areas A and B by the baffle plate 13, and the upper treatment area A uses pebbles to treat sewage with anoxic and aerobic conditions As well as the outlet water guide, the lower treatment area B adopts the mixed filler 14 mixed with crushed stone and coarse sand to treat the sewage in an aerobic environment, and the sewage flow direction is horizontal subsurface flow; In the upper treatment area C, the mixed filler made of gravel and coarse sand is used to treat the sewage in an anaerobic environment, and the sewage flow direction is horizontal subsurface flow; the lower treatment area D uses pebbles to treat the sewage anaerobically and The outlet water guides water, and the direction of sewage flow is vertical subsurface flow.

Sewage enters the water from the top of the lower part, and undergoes preliminary treatment through horizontal submerged flow and vertical water diversion. During the treatment process, folding plates are used reasonably to extend the anoxic-anaerobic part of the system, and a large amount of refractory substances in the sewage are decomposed. The effluent is introduced into the upper submerged flow plate ascending tank for anoxic-aerobic treatment, and the sewage is treated under the synergistic effect of microorganisms-fillers-plants, decomposing easily degradable organic matter and removing other pollutants.

The A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system 15 is connected to the secondary surface turbulent screening device 8 , the structure and working principle of the secondary surface turbulent screening device 8 is basically the same as that of the primary surface turbulent screening device 7 . The difference is that the sieve filler 6 in the secondary surface turbulence sieving device 8 is a mixture of modified manganese sand with a particle size of 0.5-1.0mm and a natural zeolite molecular sieve with a particle size of 1.2-2.0mm, which is a collection of adsorption, ion A multi-functional mixed filler that exchanges, coagulates and removes heavy metals. At the same time, an aeration pipe 28 is arranged on one side of the reflux tank 29 above the sieve packing 6, and the aeration pipe 28 is provided with a plurality of fine-pore aeration holes, and the fine-pore aeration holes are vertically upward; Ultrasonic generator 27 is arranged. The water outlet of the water storage tank 25 of the secondary surface turbulence screening device 8 is connected to the cyclone desandering device 17 through the hydraulic pump 19, and the bottom of the cyclone desandering device 17 is provided with a mud discharge port (known technology, not shown in the figure), The top is provided with the motor 16 of the agitator, and the impeller 18 of the agitator is inclined upwards, which will make the sewage in the pool do a spiral motion (the rotational speed of the agitator can be controlled at 10-30r/min) during rotation. The sand particles in the sewage are due to different centrifugal forces, and the sand particles with relatively high density are thrown to the pool wall of the cyclone sand removal device 17, and sink into the sand bucket under the action of gravity. The upper part of the cyclone desanding device 17 is respectively connected to the necking backwash pipe 9 of the first-level surface turbulence screening device 7 and the necking backwash pipe 9 of the second-level surface turbulence screening device 8 .

When the primary surface turbulent screening device 7 and the secondary surface turbulent screening device 8 perform screening, the nano-aeration in the storage tank is intermittently aerated, and the air pressure in the storage tank increases during aeration, and the air is cut into air bubbles by the porous plate Bulge, impact the sieve packing, break up the pollutant layer on the surface of the packing and make it float, so that the sewage can pass through the sieving packing smoothly; there is an aeration tube at the right end above the packing, and the aeration tube is equipped with multiple fine holes The aeration hole, the aeration hole is vertically upward, the air bubbles push the floating pollutants to the water surface, overflow to the return tank on the right side, mix with the influent water to adjust the influent water quality, and prolong the service life of the screening device and the backwashing cycle , For the case of low influent turbidity, even without backwashing, it can continue to purify sewage.

The air intake of the nano-aeration head at the bottom of the filter packing in the first-level surface turbulence screening device 7 and the second-level surface turbulence screening device 8 is O ₂ for cleaning the packing; the air intake of the nano-aeration head in the water storage tank is O _3. A large number of hydroxyl radicals can be obtained through nano-aeration, which can improve the advanced oxidation effect together with the ultraviolet sterilizing lamp and semiconductor-loaded fillers. At the same time, the effluent rich in hydroxyl radicals can wash the sieve fillers when the device is backwashed, which is better It is best to clean and regenerate the packing. The average irradiation dose of ultraviolet germicidal lamp is above 300J/m ² .

Use nano-aeration to increase the production rate of ^- OH. Due to the large number of microbubbles, specific surface area, and slow rising speed, the gas-liquid contact area and contact time are greatly increased, which is conducive to the dissolution of ozone in water and overcomes the difficulty of ozone The disadvantage of being soluble in water. The inside of the microbubbles has a large pressure and the interface disappears when the nanobubbles are broken. The chemical energy generated by the drastic changes in the surrounding environment promotes the generation of more hydroxyl radicals, which enhances the ability of ozone to oxidize and decompose organic matter.

Ozone produces OH under the irradiation of ultraviolet light. Ozone can take away the electrons in the photoinduced electron-hole pairs of titanium dioxide, thereby generating more hydroxyl radicals and accelerating the degradation of organic matter. Through the strong oxidation of OH Treat organic pollutants.

The right end of the two-stage grill machine passes through the booster pump 4, and when the first-level surface turbulence screening device is working, it is introduced into the grill machine to discharge water, and the shrinkage inlet pipe 5 is buried in the surface layer of the screen packing 6. The impact force of the flow disturbs the surface of the sieve packing to form a turbulent flow, preventing the accumulation of pollutants on the surface of the sieve packing and forming resistance to the smooth passage of the water flow. When the secondary surface turbulent sieve device is working, the water inflow into the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system 15 is formed to be in the same state as that of the primary surface turbulent sieve device.

Since the aeration heads in the primary and secondary surface turbulent screening devices are connected to a nano aerator, when the primary and secondary surface turbulent screening devices are backwashed, the nano aerator starts to aerate. Under the condition of air, the sand particles are subjected to nano-aeration treatment. Under the action of high temperature, the shear force of nano-microbubbles and the impact force generated during the aeration process, the impurities, colloids and biofilms that are intercepted by the filler are cleaned. At the same time, the outlet water from the cyclone desanding device is introduced into the cyclone desanding device through the booster pump for backwashing. The shrinking backwashing pipe exerts a force in the left direction on the screen packing, and the air on the liquid surface is forced by the water storage tank during the water filling process. Squeeze and rise to the filter packing layer through the porous plate, so that the filter packing presents a state of boiling flow. After the air in the water storage tank is emptied, the water flow continues to flow upward at a high speed through the holes of the porous plate, and at the same time shrinks during the entire backwashing process. The water in the backwash pipe flushes to the left, and the entire sieve packing forms a fast-moving turbulent flow under the impact of the water flow, and the sieve packing rubs against each other in the counterclockwise small vortex formed under the force of different directions, and the attached organic pollutants are removed. , which is conducive to obtaining a relatively pure filler.

The present invention successively adopts three-stage backwashing technology to carry out backwashing:

The first-level backwash is an aeration cycle backwash. Due to the accumulation of pollutants on the surface of the filler, it is difficult for the sewage to penetrate through the gaps between the fillers. Backwashing is performed during the screening process, and the aeration pipe 28 is opened and the porous is intermittently opened. The nano-aerator 26 above the plate, the nano-aerator head in the sump works discontinuously, the air bulges upward from the porous plate, divides into small bubbles, and intermittently washes away the dense dirt layer on the sieve packing, and the pollutant layer is broken into Flake floating, under the synergy of the buoyancy of the aeration tube and the rightward thrust of the constriction tube when the water enters, a pulsator effect is produced, vigorously cleaning the sheet-shaped dense pollutants on the surface of the packing, overflowing to the backflow tank, and making the trapped pollutants in the packing In addition to the concentrated pollutant removal device, it is mixed with the influent for retreatment, and the sewage can continue to permeate through the gap of the molecular sieve; the first-stage backwash can prolong the service life of the sieving device and the backwash cycle. For the case of low influent turbidity, Even without backwashing, the device can be continuously operated to purify sewage.

The second-stage backwash is an air pulse backwash. Due to the high turbidity of the sewage, a large amount of pollutants accumulate on the surface of the filler. The effect of continuous screening cannot be achieved only by the first-stage backwash step. Stop water inlet and close the water outlet valve 20 of the first and second surface layer turbulent flow screening device at this moment, open the booster pump 4 and backwash valve 10, start the nano aerator 26 above the perforated plate, the cyclone desanding device The outlet water is introduced into the shrinkage inlet pipes of the primary and secondary surface turbulence screening devices. Under the action of the backwater pressure, all the air in the water storage tank is squeezed rapidly and rises along the pores on the porous plate. Under the action of the impact force, the pollutants in the packing gap are broken and floated, and under the synergistic effect of the buoyancy of the aeration tube and the rightward thrust of the water impact baffle, they overflow to the return tank and mix with the initial water, and wait for the water surface drop rapidly. After the filtration rate is stabilized again, close the booster pump 4, the nano aerator 26 under the perforated plate and the backwash valve 10, open the water outlet valve 20, resume the water intake and continue the screening process.

The third-stage backwashing is aeration turbulent backwashing. At this time, the first and second-stage backwashing are not enough to solve the problem of covering and blocking the filler by pollutants, and a large amount of sewage cannot be filtered. Now stop water intake, open booster pump 4, backwash valve 10 and water outlet valve 20, start ultrasonic generator 27 and nano aerator 26, reverse start hydraulic pump 19, a large amount of water will be imported in the sump:

⑴The air inside the sump rises and stirs along the pores of the perforated plate, the nano-aeration head at the bottom of the filler starts to aerate, and the turbine above the filler keeps rotating;

⑵Using nano-aeration technology impact, oxidation, air flotation and high temperature to clean together, the upper filler is in a state of turbulence, and is in a state of irregular high-speed movement. The filler rubs against each other under the impact of the water vortex and the shear force of the air bubbles. The organic pollutants attached to the surface can be removed to obtain a relatively pure filler;

⑶Using an ultrasonic generator to generate ultrasonic waves in the liquid medium, a cavitation effect is generated on the surface of the sieve packing, and the shock wave formed when the cavitation bubble breaks during the closing process will generate thousands of air pressure shock pressures around it. Break the stickiness between the dirt on the surface of the filler, and make them quickly disperse in the backwash solution, so as to achieve the effect of cleaning the surface of the filler.

⑷After the air is exhausted, the effluent from the effluent tank continues to be introduced, and the effluent rich in hydroxyl radicals washes the surface and micropores of the filler particles in the turbulent state, strips off the pollutants, and the filler is regenerated.

(5) The pollutants float upwards to the water surface continuously under the impact force of the water flow and the air flotation of the right aeration tube, and flow out from the left inlet weir and the right return trough to mix with the initial inlet water. After three-stage backwashing, the internal pollutants are cleaned and emptied.

Conventional sand filtration does not disturb the sand layer during the filtration process, allowing water to flow through the small gaps in the sand. Usually, the sand filtration process is improved by means of not disturbing the sand layer, compacting the filler, increasing the water pressure, and adding grids on the sand, so that the water flows through the small gaps in the sand, while the pollutants stay on the surface of the sand layer. The present invention utilizes the high-pressure water inlet of the constricted tube to disturb the surface layer of the filler, prevents the accumulation of pollutants from forming resistance to the smooth passage of the water flow, and uses advanced oxidation, ultrasonic waves, nano-aeration, impact force and shear force of air bubbles to improve the device. , use molecular sieve, manganese sand and other fillers to optimize the design, and finally use three-stage backwashing to improve the treatment process. The device has a good interception effect on suspended solids such as colloids, fibers, algae, etc. For water with low turbidity, the treatment process can be completed even without backwashing. At the same time, it can remove odors, kill bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, etc. The efficacy of a small amount of residual surfactants, polychlorinated biphenyls and other refractory organic compounds.

Carbon-doped nano _TiO of the present invention Preparation of powder:

Carbon-doped nano-TiO ₂ was prepared by a two-step process of uniform precipitation and hydrothermal method. With titanium sulfate and urea as the precursor, glucose as the carbon source, the specific preparation process is as follows: take 6.48g27 titanium sulfate and 3.24g54 urea (the molar ratio of titanium sulfate and urea is 1:2) dissolved in deionized water, and then add an appropriate amount of Glucose 0.6 was stirred evenly, and 1:2:0.023 was reacted at 90°C for 2 hours. After the reaction is finished, the reactant is taken out and dried, repeatedly washed with water until neutral, dried again, and ground with a ball mill to obtain carbon-doped nano TiO ₂ powder.

The method of loading nano TiO ₂ powder on the filler:

The three-dimensional network structure filler made of polypropylene is used to mix nano-TiO ₂ powder with deionized water (the mass ratio of powder to water is 1:20), and the emulsion is formed by ultrasonic wave, and the clean three-dimensional network The structural filler is immersed in the titanate coupling agent mixed with ethanol 1:1, stirred slowly for a period of time, then the filler is taken out and placed in the TiO ₂ emulsion to continue stirring for a period of time, after taking it out, put it in an oven to dry (below 85°C ) 2h, that is, the polypropylene suspension filler loaded with nano-TiO ₂ is obtained, its appearance is light yellow, and the film layer is relatively uniform.

Claims (10)

1. A device for rapid treatment of village and town collection and distribution sewage, which includes: Two-stage grill machine, the frame of the grill machine is equipped with a coarse screen and a fine screen, and the sewage treated by the grill machine is introduced into the first-level surface turbulence screening device through the booster pump; The first-level surface turbulence screening device is divided into upper and lower parts by a porous plate. The inner surface of the filter packing is connected to the two-stage grill machine through the shrinkage inlet pipe; The first-level surface turbulence screening device is provided with a shrinkage backwash pipe under the other side corresponding to the shrinkage inlet pipe, and the booster pump is connected through the backwash valve, and a reflux tank is arranged above the shrinkage backwash pipe; Below the perforated plate is the water storage tank. The inner wall of the water storage tank is evenly loaded with a layer of non-metallic doped photocatalyst. The bottom of the water storage tank is equipped with an ultraviolet sterilization lamp. Filled with semiconductor loaded filler; The water outlet of the water storage tank of the first-level surface turbulence screening device is connected to the upper treatment area of the lower part of the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system through a hydraulic pump, and the lower part of the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system The effluent from the lower half of the treatment area is introduced into the lower treatment area of the upper half of the A ² /O compound flow baffle soil infiltration system; The A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system is divided into an upper part and a lower part. The upper part is composed of folded slabs to form upper and lower treatment areas. Water, the lower treatment area uses a mixed filler made of gravel and coarse sand to treat sewage in an aerobic environment, and the direction of sewage flow is horizontal subsurface flow; The mixed packing made of crushed stone and coarse sand is used to treat the sewage in an anaerobic environment. The sewage flow direction is horizontal subsurface flow. The lower treatment area uses pebbles to treat the sewage anaerobically and guide the water outlet. The sewage flow direction is vertical. undercurrent; The outlet water of A ² /O compound flow baffle soil infiltration system is connected to the secondary surface turbulence screening device; The secondary surface turbulence screening device is divided into upper and lower parts by a porous plate. The holes of the porous plate are inclined. The mixture of modified manganese sand and natural zeolite molecular sieve is laid on the porous plate as the sieve packing; the bottom of the sieve packing is set There is a nano-aeration head, and the inner surface of the filter packing is connected to the water outlet of the A ² /O compound flow baffle soil infiltration system through the shrinkage water inlet pipe; The secondary surface turbulence screening device is provided with a shrinkage backwash pipe under the other side corresponding to the shrinkage inlet pipe, and the booster pump is connected through the backwash valve, and a return tank is arranged above the shrinkage backwash pipe; Below the perforated plate is the water storage tank. The inner wall of the water storage tank is evenly loaded with a layer of non-metallic doped photocatalyst. The bottom of the water storage tank is equipped with an ultraviolet sterilization lamp. Filled with semiconductor loaded filler; The secondary surface turbulence screening device is located on one side of the reflux tank and is equipped with an aeration tube. The aeration tube is equipped with multiple fine-pore aeration holes, and the fine-pore aeration holes are vertically upward; an ultrasonic generator is installed above the sieve packing; The water outlet of the water storage tank of the secondary surface turbulence screening device is connected to the cyclone desanding device through a hydraulic pump, and the upper part of the cyclone desanding device is connected to the shrinking backwash pipe of the primary surface turbulent screening device and the secondary surface desanding device respectively. Shrink backwash pipe of turbulent flow screening device; The bottom of the cyclone desanding device is provided with a mud outlet, and the top is equipped with a mixer motor. The impeller of the mixer is inclined upward. When rotating, the sewage in the pool will make a spiral movement, and the dense sand in the sewage will be thrown to the cyclone. The pool wall of the sand removal device sinks into the sand bucket under the action of gravity. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the precision of the coarse screen in the two-stage grid machine is 21 mm, and the precision of the fine screen is 8 mm; the coarse screen and the fine screen are arranged at an angle of 60 degrees to the horizontal. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the sieve filler in the primary surface turbulence sieving device is large-grained quartz sand with a particle diameter of 7-30 mm. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the sieve filler in the secondary surface turbulence screening device is a natural zeolite molecular sieve with a particle diameter of 0.5-1.0mm modified manganese sand and a particle diameter of 1.2-2.0mm mixture. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the non-metal doped photocatalyst uniformly loaded on the inner wall of the water storage tank is nano TiO ₂ powder. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor-loaded filler filled in the remaining space inside the water storage tank is nano TiO ₂ powder loaded on a three-dimensional network polypropylene to form a filler. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the nano-aeration heads in the primary surface turbulent sieving device and the secondary surface turbulent sieving device are respectively connected to nano-aerators. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rotational speed of the agitator in the cyclone sand removal device is 10-30r/min. 9. Utilize the described device of claim 1 to carry out the method for the rapid treatment of village and town collection and distribution type sewage: Under the action of gravity, the sewage passes through the two-stage screen to intercept the solid particles in the liquid, and continuously removes the impurities in the fluid. The water inlet pipe buried in the surface layer of the filter packing is introduced into the first-level surface turbulent filter device for sieving. During the water process, the impact force of the cross-flow of the incoming water is used to disturb the surface of the sieve packing to form turbulence and prevent the accumulation of pollutants on the surface of the sieve packing to form resistance to the smooth passage of water flow; The first-level surface turbulent sieving device performs intermittent aeration, and the air bubbles impact the sieve packing during aeration, breaking up the pollutant layer on the surface of the sieve packing and making it float, so that the sewage can pass through the sieve packing smoothly; After the sewage treated by the first-level surface turbulence screening device enters the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system from the upper treatment area of the lower half, it is passed through the lower half of the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system. The upper treatment area uses mixed fillers to treat sewage in an anaerobic environment. The direction of sewage flow is horizontal subsurface flow. The lower treatment area uses pebbles to treat sewage anaerobically and conduct water discharge. The direction of sewage flow is vertical subsurface flow; The lower treatment area in the half part uses mixed fillers to treat sewage in an aerobic environment, and the sewage flow direction is horizontal subsurface flow, and the upper treatment area uses pebbles to treat sewage with anoxic aerobic conditions and guide water out; The sewage entering from the lower part of the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system is initially treated through horizontal underflow-vertical water diversion. By using the baffle to extend the anoxic-anaerobic part, a large amount of refractory substances in the sewage are decomposed, and the The effluent is introduced into the upper tank of the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system, and the anoxic-aerobic treatment is carried out. The sewage is treated under the synergy of microorganisms, fillers and plants, and the easily degradable organic matter in it is decomposed. and remove other pollutants; The sewage treated by the A ² /O compound flow baffle soil infiltration system is introduced into the second-level surface turbulent flow screening device through the water inlet pipe buried in the surface layer of the filter packing for sieving, and the impact force of the cross-flow of the incoming water is used in the process of water inflow Disturb the surface of the filter packing to form turbulent flow and prevent the accumulation of pollutants on the surface of the filter packing to form resistance to the smooth passage of water flow; The secondary surface turbulent sieving device performs intermittent aeration, and the air bubbles impact the sieve packing during aeration, breaking up the pollutant layer on the surface of the sieve packing and making it float, so that the sewage can pass through the sieve packing smoothly; above the packing The right end is provided with an aeration tube, and the aeration tube is equipped with a plurality of fine aeration holes, and the aeration holes are vertically upward, and the air bubbles push the floating pollutants to the water surface, overflow to the return tank, and mix with the incoming water to adjust the incoming water Water quality, while prolonging the service life of the filter device and the backwash cycle; The air intake of the nano-aeration head at the bottom of the first-level surface turbulence screening device and the second-level surface turbulence screening device is O ₂ , which is used to clean the packing; the intake air of the nano-aeration head in the water storage tank is O ₃ , through nano-aeration A large number of hydroxyl radicals are obtained, and the oxidation effect is improved together with the ultraviolet sterilizing lamp and the semiconductor-loaded filler. At the same time, the effluent rich in hydroxyl radicals flushes the sieve packing when the device is backwashed, so that the sieve packing is cleaned and regenerated; The effluent from the secondary surface turbulence screening device is introduced into the cyclone desanding device to remove the sand particles in the sewage, and the sewage is discharged up to the standard after the above treatment; The effluent from the secondary surface turbulence screening device is simultaneously returned to the A ² /O composite flow baffle soil infiltration system to regulate water quality and stimulate the secretion of secondary substances during plant growth. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the average irradiation dose of the ultraviolet germicidal lamp in the primary surface turbulent sieving device and the secondary surface turbulent sieving device is above 300J/m ² .