CN104184192A - Charging and discharging active equalization circuit for lithium ion power battery pack - Google Patents
Charging and discharging active equalization circuit for lithium ion power battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN104184192A CN104184192A CN201410422054.7A CN201410422054A CN104184192A CN 104184192 A CN104184192 A CN 104184192A CN 201410422054 A CN201410422054 A CN 201410422054A CN 104184192 A CN104184192 A CN 104184192A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a charging and discharging active equalization circuit for a lithium ion power battery pack. A voltage acquisition module and a voltage equalization circuit are arranged for each battery package of the power battery pack. The voltage of each battery individual is acquired in real time through the corresponding voltage acquisition module and sent to a battery management system. When the voltage of each battery individual or each battery package or the power battery pack exceeds a set upper limit and a set lower limit, voltage equalization is conducted; each voltage equalization circuit comprises a transformer and equalization switch MOS transistors. Each battery individual in power packages, each battery package in the power battery pack and the whole power battery pack are respectively connected to a winding of the same-core transformer through the corresponding two equalization switch MOS transistors. The equalization switch MOS transistors are controlled to be switched on or off, so that the corresponding equalization voltage is coupled on the corresponding transformer, and charging and discharging operation is achieved. According to the charging and discharging active equalization circuit, the active equalization process is flexible, rapid and efficient, the battery charging and discharging state can be effectively managed, use efficiency of the battery pack is improved, the service life of batteries is prolonged, equalization modes are flexible, and adaptability is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to battery charging and discharging technical field, be specifically related to a kind of charging/discharging active equalization circuit for lithium ion power battery pack.
Background technology
Modern electric automobile adopts tandem power battery pack more, and lithium-ion-power cell will be used in a large number within following a period of time.The safety of electrokinetic cell, effective use have great importance for the normal operation of electric automobile.
Monomer in battery pack is due to the reasons such as technique in manufacturing process, be difficult to guarantee that all monomers have good consistency, therefore between cell, exist difference, even with batch, the battery of same model, also there is the difference of the aspects such as capacity, internal resistance.After continuous charge and discharge cycles, can aggravate the inconsistency of this monomer, will make the capacity of some cell accelerate decay, and in long-term use procedure, this species diversity can be increasing, and then unbalanced while causing power battery pack to discharge and recharge.Lack of uniformity is very large to the performance impact of series battery, will reduce the whole volume of battery pack, reduces the overall service efficiency of battery pack, shortens battery pack useful life.
Summary of the invention
Unbalanced problem while discharging and recharging for the power battery pack existing in prior art, the invention provides a kind of lithium-ion-power cell and discharge and recharge active equalization circuit, as a part for vehicle mounted dynamic battery Battery pack management system, it is a kind of Improvement and perfection to existing active cell Equalization Methods for Charge.
Power battery pack is in series by some battery cells, and a plurality of battery cells are composed in series power brick, and one or more power brick are composed in series power battery pack.A kind of lithium-ion-power cell provided by the invention discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, for each power brick in power battery pack, is provided with voltage acquisition module and voltage balance circuit.
Voltage acquisition module is connected with each battery cell in power brick, for the voltage of each battery cell of Real-time Collection, the voltage data collecting is sent to battery management system.Voltage balance circuit comprises equalizer transformer and equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, and equalizer transformer is the same core transformer of winding more than.
In power battery pack in the voltage balance circuit of power brick a, each battery cell in power brick a, each power brick in whole power battery pack and whole power battery pack are connected on a winding of same core transformer by two equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductors respectively, and the coupling that realizes energy by the transformer of same core exchanges.Battery management system, by controlling the break-make of corresponding equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, is coupled out corresponding equalizing voltage on transformer, realizes the active equalization that battery cell, power brick and power battery pack are discharged and recharged.
Voltage balance circuit comprises battery cell voltage balance circuit E, power brick voltage balance circuit F and power battery voltage equalizing circuit H.For the power brick a in power battery pack, in power brick a, each battery cell all connects a battery cell voltage balance circuit E.Each power brick in power battery pack all connects a power brick voltage balance circuit F.Whole power battery pack connects a power battery voltage equalizing circuit H.Transformer coupled by with core of each equalizing circuit E, F and H.All equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductors are all controlled by battery management system, and battery management system is selected and balancing battery monomer, power brick and power battery pack by controlling the break-make of corresponding equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor.
The input of equalizing circuit E, F or H is the positive and negative polarities of corresponding battery cell, power brick or power battery pack, the wire loop that output is corresponding Transformer Winding.Equalizing circuit E, F and H comprise the first equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, the second equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor and corresponding Transformer Winding.The first equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor and the second equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, series connection is arranged on the optional position between corresponding equalizing circuit E, F or H input and output.When battery cell, power brick or power battery pack are discharged, the conducting of controlling the first equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor makes anodal and corresponding Transformer Winding conducting, control the turn-on and turn-off time of the second equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, make to produce alternating voltage in corresponding Transformer Winding.Alternating voltage is changed through transformer, produces euqalizing current, offers and needs battery cell, power brick or the power battery pack of charging to charge.When battery cell, power brick or power battery pack are charged, control the break-make of the first equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor and the second equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, transformer-coupled euqalizing current is arrived anodal, and reverse electric current is blocked.
Described equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor adopts the combination of following any one device or any two kinds of devices to realize: NMOS pipe, PMOS pipe, DUAL NMOS pipe, DUAL PMOS pipe.
The present invention provides a kind of specific implementation for voltage balance circuit, as follows:
Battery cell voltage balance circuit E comprises: the primary coil E of electric capacity E, metal-oxide-semiconductor EA, diode EA, metal-oxide-semiconductor EB, diode EB and transformer.Power brick voltage balance circuit F comprises: the secondary coil F of electric capacity F, metal-oxide-semiconductor FA, diode FA, metal-oxide-semiconductor FB, diode FB and transformer.Power battery voltage equalizing circuit H comprises: the secondary coil F of electric capacity H, metal-oxide-semiconductor HA, diode HA, metal-oxide-semiconductor HB, diode HB and transformer.The positive and negative polarities of described battery cell are as the input of equalizing circuit E, in sequential series between this equalizing circuit E input have metal-oxide-semiconductor EA and the parallel circuits of diode EA, the parallel circuits of the primary coil of transformer, metal-oxide-semiconductor EB and diode EB, and between this circuit E input, be also parallel with electric capacity E, the primary coil E of transformer is as the output of circuit E.The positive and negative polarities of described power brick are as the input of equalizing circuit F, the parallel circuits that has the parallel circuits of metal-oxide-semiconductor FA and diode FA, the secondary coil F of transformer and metal-oxide-semiconductor FB and diode FB in sequential series between this equalizing circuit F input, and between this equalizing circuit F input, be also parallel with electric capacity F, the secondary coil F of transformer is as the output of circuit F.The positive and negative polarities of described power battery pack are as the input of equalizing circuit H, the parallel circuits that has the parallel circuits of metal-oxide-semiconductor HA and diode HA, the secondary coil H of transformer and metal-oxide-semiconductor HB and diode HB in sequential series between this equalizing circuit H input, and between this equalizing circuit H input, be also parallel with electric capacity H, the secondary coil H of transformer is as the output of equalizing circuit H.A pair of metal-oxide-semiconductor in parallel and diode form NMOS pipe, and the source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor connects corresponding input, and the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor connects corresponding output.
Lithium-ion-power cell of the present invention discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, has realized 5 kinds of mode of operations: the bidirectional equalization between the bidirectional equalization between the bidirectional equalization between the bidirectional equalization between the bidirectional equalization between battery cell and battery cell, power brick and power brick, battery cell and power brick, battery cell and power battery pack, power brick and power battery pack.
Lithium-ion-power cell of the present invention discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, and its advantage and good effect are:
1. charge balancing when lithium-ion-power cell provided by the invention discharges and recharges active equalization circuit and both can realize a plurality of battery cell, also can realize a plurality of battery cells equalization discharge simultaneously, can also realize a plurality of battery cells has and is filled with the equilibrium of putting, balanced way is very flexible, and balanced efficiency is improved greatly;
2. lithium-ion-power cell provided by the invention discharges and recharges active equalization circuit and can utilize battery cell, power brick, battery pack to carry out mutual equilibrium, can realize the two-way active equalization of multiple combination mode between battery cell, power brick, power battery pack, comprise: the active equalization between battery cell and battery cell, between power brick and power brick, between battery cell and power brick, between battery cell and battery pack, between power brick and battery cell, balanced way is flexible and changeable, and applicability is strong;
3. lithium-ion-power cell provided by the invention discharges and recharges active equalization circuit and adopts the connected mode in parallel with voltage sampling circuit (being voltage acquisition module of the present invention), and the size of euqalizing current just can not have influence on the sampling precision of battery cell voltage like this; Also have advantages of that euqalizing current is large, euqalizing current can reach 5A-20A simultaneously, and the efficiency of balancing procedure is improved greatly, and the size of euqalizing current depends on the design of transformer;
4. lithium-ion-power cell provided by the invention discharges and recharges active equalization circuit and only by controlling the turn-on and turn-off of metal-oxide-semiconductor, just can realize the active equalization under multiple-working mode, and balancing procedure is safe and reliable, be easy to control;
5. the active equalization process that lithium-ion-power cell provided by the invention discharges and recharges active equalization circuit fast, efficient, can effectively manage battery charging and discharging state, improve the service efficiency of battery pack, and then extending battery life.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of charging/discharging active equalization circuit for lithium ion power battery pack provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the equivalent circuit diagram of bidirectional equalization between equalizing circuit mode of operation-battery cell of the present invention and battery cell;
Fig. 3 is the equivalent circuit diagram of bidirectional equalization between equalizing circuit mode of operation-power brick of the present invention and power brick;
Fig. 4 is the equivalent circuit diagram of bidirectional equalization between equalizing circuit mode of operation-battery cell of the present invention and power brick;
Fig. 5 is the equivalent circuit diagram of bidirectional equalization between equalizing circuit mode of operation-battery cell of the present invention and power battery pack;
Fig. 6 is the equivalent circuit diagram of bidirectional equalization between equalizing circuit mode of operation-power brick of the present invention and power battery pack.
In figure:
1-voltage acquisition module; 2-power battery pack; 3-voltage balance circuit 4-power brick;
5-battery cell; 6-transformer; 7-battery cell voltage balance circuit E;
8-power brick voltage balance circuit F; 9-power battery voltage equalizing circuit H;
10-electric capacity E; 11-MOS manages EA; 12-diode EA; 13-MOS manages EB;
14-diode EB; 15-MOS manages FA; 16-diode FA; 17-MOS manages FB;
18-diode FB; 19-MOS manages HA; 20-diode HA; 21-MOS manages HB;
22-diode HB; 23-electric capacity F 24-electric capacity H
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated.
Lithium-ion-power cell provided by the invention discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, can realize the bidirectional equalization that discharges and recharges between all battery cells simultaneously, can realize larger euqalizing current (size of euqalizing current depends on the design of equalizer transformer), can realize between battery cell and monomer, between battery cell and power brick, between battery cell and battery pack, the bidirectional energy of multiple-working mode flows between power brick and power brick and between power brick and battery pack, make active equalization process quick, efficiently, can effectively manage battery charging and discharging state, and then the service efficiency of raising battery pack, extending battery life.
Power battery pack 2 is in series by some battery cells 5, and a plurality of battery cells 5 is composed in series a power brick 4, and one or more power brick 4 are composed in series power battery pack 2.For each power brick 4 in power battery pack 2, a lithium-ion-power cell as shown in Figure 1 is all set and discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, mainly comprise: voltage acquisition module 1 and voltage balance circuit 3.
Voltage acquisition module 1 is connected with each battery cell in power brick 4, for the voltage of each battery cell 5 of Real-time Collection, the voltage data collecting is sent to battery management system.Voltage balance circuit 3 comprises equalizer transformer and equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, and equalizer transformer is the same core transformer 6 of winding more than.Voltage balance circuit 3 discharges and recharges control for the battery cell 5 to power battery pack, power brick 4, power battery pack 2, realizes voltage balance management.Voltage acquisition module 1 is connected with the module of controlling power brick 4 in battery management system with voltage balance circuit 3.Voltage acquisition module 1 connects the input of respective modules in battery management system, and in voltage balance circuit 3, equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor connects the output of respective modules in battery management system.Each equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor is controlled by battery management system.
If comprise N power brick 4 in power battery pack 2, for i power brick 4 wherein, be labeled as b
i, at power brick b
ivoltage balance circuit 3 in, power brick b
iin each battery cell 5, each the power brick b in power battery pack 2
j(j=1,2 ..., N) and whole power battery pack 2, by two equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductors, being connected on the winding that transformer is corresponding respectively, the coupling that realizes energy by the transformer 6 of same core exchanges.Battery management system, by controlling the break-make of corresponding equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, is coupled out corresponding equalizing voltage on transformer 6, and discharging and recharging of battery cell 5, power brick 4 and power battery pack 2 carried out to active equalization.Particularly, each voltage balance circuit all comprises the Transformer Winding that connects the first equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, the second equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor and correspondence.When battery cell, power brick or power battery pack are discharged, the break-make of controlling the first equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor makes anodal and corresponding Transformer Winding conducting, control the turn-on and turn-off time of the second equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, make to produce alternating voltage in corresponding Transformer Winding.Alternating voltage is changed through transformer, and generation euqalizing current offers needs battery cell, power brick or the power battery pack of charging to charge.When battery cell, power brick or power battery pack are charged, control the break-make of the first equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor and the second equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, transformer-coupled euqalizing current is arrived anodal, and reverse electric current is blocked.
Described equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor can adopt the combination of following any one device or random devices to realize: NMOS pipe, PMOS pipe, DUAL NMOS pipe, DUAL PMOS pipe.As shown in Figure 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor is NMOS pipe.
Described equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, can be placed on the both positive and negative polarity of battery cell, power brick or power battery pack of equalizing circuit of living in and the optional position between Transformer Winding coil.For example, the first equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor is arranged between positive pole and Transformer Winding, and the second equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor is arranged between negative pole and Transformer Winding; The first equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor and the second equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor are arranged between positive pole and Transformer Winding; The first equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor and the second equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor are arranged between negative pole and Transformer Winding.
Voltage balance circuit 3 comprises battery cell voltage balance circuit E7 (being called for short circuit E), power brick voltage balance circuit F8 (being called for short circuit F) and power battery voltage equalizing circuit H9 (being called for short circuit H), and each equalizing circuit is by transformer 6 couplings with core.Power brick b in power battery pack
ivoltage balance circuit in, power brick b
iin each battery cell 5 all connect a battery cell voltage balance circuit E7.In the frame that in Fig. 1, label is 7, be 3 battery cell voltage balance circuit E.By metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11, metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13, controlled the charging and discharging process of battery cell voltage balance circuit E7.Each power brick 4 in power battery pack all connects a power brick voltage balance circuit F8, is controlled the charging and discharging process of power brick voltage balance circuit F8 by metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15, metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17.Power battery pack 2 connects a power battery voltage equalizing circuit H9, is controlled the charging and discharging process of battery voltage equalizing circuit H9 by metal-oxide-semiconductor HA19, metal-oxide-semiconductor HB21.All metal-oxide-semiconductors are all controlled by battery management system, and battery management system is selected balancing battery monomer 5, power brick 4, power battery pack 2 by controlling the break-make of corresponding metal-oxide-semiconductor.
As shown in Figure 1, battery cell voltage balance circuit E7 comprises the primary coil E of electric capacity E10, metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11, diode EA12, metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13, diode EB14 and transformer.Power brick voltage balance circuit F8 comprises the secondary coil F of electric capacity F23, metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15, diode FA16, metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17, diode FB18 and transformer.Power battery voltage equalizing circuit H9 comprises the secondary coil H of electric capacity H24, metal-oxide-semiconductor HA19, diode HA20, metal-oxide-semiconductor HB21, diode HB22 and transformer.The two poles of the earth of described battery cell 5 are as the input of circuit E7, the parallel circuits that has the parallel circuits of metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11 and diode EA12, the primary coil E of transformer 6 and metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13 and diode EB14 in sequential series between this circuit E7 input, the opposite direction of metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11 and metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13 wherein, the opposite direction of diode EA12 and diode EB14, and between this equalizing circuit E7 input, be also parallel with electric capacity E10, the primary coil E loop of transformer 6 is as the output of circuit E7.Metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11 and diode EA12 form NMOS pipe, and metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13 and diode EB14 form NMOS pipe, and the source electrode of NMOS pipe all connects the input of equalizing circuit E, and the drain electrode of NMOS pipe all connects the output of equalizing circuit E.The two poles of the earth of described power brick 4 are as the input of circuit F8, the parallel circuits that has the parallel circuits of metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15 and diode FA16, the secondary loop F of transformer 6 and metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17 and diode FB18 in sequential series between this circuit F8 input, the opposite direction of metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15 and metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17 wherein, the opposite direction of diode FA16 and diode FB18, and between this circuit F input, be also parallel with electric capacity F23, wherein the secondary loop F of transformer 6 is as the output of circuit F8.Metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15 and diode FA16 form NMOS pipe, and metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17 and diode FB18 form NMOS pipe, and the source electrode of NMOS pipe connects the input of equalizing circuit F, and the drain electrode of NMOS pipe connects the output of equalizing circuit F.The two poles of the earth of described power battery pack 2 are as the input of circuit H9, the parallel circuits that has the parallel circuits of metal-oxide-semiconductor HA19 and diode HA20, the secondary loop H of transformer 6 and metal-oxide-semiconductor HB21 and diode HB22 in sequential series between this circuit H9 input, the opposite direction of metal-oxide-semiconductor HA19 and metal-oxide-semiconductor HB21 wherein, the opposite direction of diode HA20 and diode HB22, and between this circuit H input, be also parallel with electric capacity H24, wherein the primary return H of transformer 6 is as the output of circuit H9.Metal-oxide-semiconductor HA19 and diode HA20 form NMOS pipe, and metal-oxide-semiconductor HB21 and diode HB22 form NMOS pipe, and the source electrode of NMOS pipe connects the input of equalizing circuit H, and the drain electrode of NMOS pipe connects the output of equalizing circuit H.
Described voltage acquisition module 1 gathers each battery cell voltage in each power brick 4 in power battery pack 2 in real time, the voltage data collecting is sent to the control unit of battery management system.Battery management system calculates the total voltage U of current whole power battery pack 2, obtains the average voltage U of battery cell divided by total battery cell number N
m.According to U
mget on battery cell equalizing voltage and be limited to U
maxcellwith under battery cell equalizing voltage, be limited to U
mincell.If a certain battery cell voltage is higher than limit value U
maxcellor lower than limit value U
mincell, battery management system is judged as and need to carries out balanced management to this battery cell.According to U
mget power brick electric voltage equalization upper voltage limit U with battery cell number M in power brick
maxpktwith under battery cell equalizing voltage, be limited to U
minpkt.If a certain power brick voltage is higher than limit value U
maxpktor lower than limit value U
minpkt, battery management system is judged as and need to carries out balanced management to this power brick.When the voltage of battery cell 5, power brick 4 higher than set higher limit time discharge, when the voltage of battery cell 5, power brick 4 lower than set lower limit time discharge.Concrete upper lower limit value can be set as required by user.
Described 3 pairs of selected battery cells of voltage balance circuit, power brick, power battery pack are carried out voltage balance management.By controlling the break-make of metal-oxide-semiconductor E11, loop can produce alternating voltage U at transformer 6 primary coil E two ends
e.By controlling the break-make of metal-oxide-semiconductor F17, loop can produce alternating voltage U at transformer 6 secondary coil F two ends
f.By controlling the break-make of metal-oxide-semiconductor H21, loop can produce alternating voltage U at transformer 6 secondary coil H two ends
h.
Described voltage balance circuit 3 is according to the difference of balanced object, there are 5 kinds of different mode of operations, comprise: the bidirectional equalization between the bidirectional equalization between the bidirectional equalization between the bidirectional equalization between the bidirectional equalization between battery cell and battery cell, power brick and power brick, battery cell and power brick, battery cell and power battery pack, power brick and power battery pack.By controlling the turn-on and turn-off of metal-oxide-semiconductor, can effectively control sense of current, thereby realize equalizing charge or balanced discharge.Realize the active equalization of lithium-ion-power cell, balancing procedure fast, efficiently, flexibly.
Bidirectional equalization between described battery cell and battery cell, its balanced mode can be both between a pair of battery cell, can be also between a plurality of battery cells; Both can be a battery cell electric discharge, a plurality of battery cell chargings, can be also a plurality of battery cell electric discharges, a battery cell charging, or simultaneously a plurality of battery cell chargings of a plurality of battery cell electric discharge.Equivalent circuit diagram as shown in Figure 2, wherein has m+n batteries monomer to participate in balancing procedure (m >=1, n >=1).A primary coil of n the battery cell difference connection transformer 6 in left side in Fig. 2, wherein battery cell 5
ivoltage balance circuit be circuit E
i, battery cell 5
ipositive pole to metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11 in sequential series between negative pole
iwith diode EA12
iparallel circuits, the primary coil E of transformer 6
i, and metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13
iwith diode EB14
iparallel circuits, battery cell 5 simultaneously
ipositive and negative polarities between series capacitance E10 also
i, i=1,2 ..., n.Primary coil, wherein a battery cell 5 ' of right side m battery difference connection transformer 6 in Fig. 2
jvoltage balance circuit be circuit E '
j, battery cell 5 '
jpositive pole to metal-oxide-semiconductor EA ' 11 ' in sequential series between negative pole
jwith diode EA ' 12 '
jparallel circuits, the primary coil E ' of transformer 6
j, and metal-oxide-semiconductor EB ' 13 '
jwith diode EB ' 14 '
jparallel circuits, battery cell 5 ' simultaneously
jpositive and negative polarities between series capacitance E ' 10 ' also, j=1,2 ..., m.When 5 electric discharges of n batteries monomer, during the 5 ' charging of m joint cell.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11
iturn-off, and control metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13
ithe turn-on and turn-off time, make circuit E
iat transformer E
iproduce alternating voltage U
1, alternating voltage U
1conversion through transformer 6, is loaded on circuit E '
j.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EA ' 11 '
jconducting, and control metal-oxide-semiconductor EB ' 13 '
jturn-off.Due to electric capacity E ' 10 '
jfilter action, output voltage is converted to level and smooth direct voltage, is battery cell 5 '
jcharging.When battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13
iwith metal-oxide-semiconductor EA ' 11 '
jduring shutoff, balancing procedure stops.Otherwise, when n batteries monomer 5
icharging, m saves cell 5 '
jduring electric discharge, its course of work and principle are similar.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EA ' 11 '
jturn-off, and control the turn-on and turn-off time of metal-oxide-semiconductor EB ' 13 ', make circuit E '
jat transformer E '
jproduce alternating voltage U '
1, alternating voltage U '
1conversion through transformer 6, is loaded on circuit E
i.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11
iconducting, and control metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13
iturn-off.Due to electric capacity E10
ifilter action, output voltage is converted to level and smooth direct voltage, is battery cell 5
icharging.When battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EB ' 13 '
jwith metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11
iduring shutoff, balancing procedure stops.
The balanced mode of the bidirectional equalization between described power brick and power brick can be both between a pair of power brick, can be also between a plurality of power brick; Both can be the electric discharge of power brick, a plurality of power brick chargings, can be also a plurality of power brick electric discharges, a power brick charging, or a plurality of power brick chargings of discharging of a plurality of power brick.Equivalent circuit diagram as shown in Figure 3, wherein has m+n power brick to participate in balancing procedure (m >=1, n >=1).A secondary coil of n the power brick difference connection transformer 6 in left side in Fig. 3, wherein power brick 4
ivoltage balance circuit be circuit F
i, power brick 4
iboth positive and negative polarity between series capacitance F23
i, power brick 4
ipositive pole to metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15 in sequential series between negative pole
iwith diode FA16
iparallel circuits, the secondary coil F of transformer 6
i, and metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17
iwith diode FB18
iparallel circuits, i=1,2 ..., n.Secondary coil, wherein a power brick 4 ' of right side m power brick difference connection transformer 6 in Fig. 3
jvoltage balance circuit be circuit F '
j, power brick 4 '
jboth positive and negative polarity between series capacitance F ' 23 '
j, power brick 4 '
jpositive pole to metal-oxide-semiconductor FA ' 15 ' in sequential series between negative pole
jwith diode FA ' 16 '
jparallel circuits, the secondary coil F ' of transformer 6
j, and metal-oxide-semiconductor FB ' 17 '
jwith diode FB ' 18 '
jparallel circuits, j=1,2 ..., m.When n power brick 4
i(i=1,2 ..., n) electric discharge, m power brick 4 '
j(j=1,2 ..., while m) charging.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15
iturn-off, and control metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17
ithe turn-on and turn-off time, make circuit F
isecondary coil F at transformer 6
iproduce alternating voltage U
2, alternating voltage U
2conversion through transformer 6, is loaded on circuit F '
j.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor FA ' 15 '
jconducting, and control metal-oxide-semiconductor FB ' 17 '
jturn-off.Due to electric capacity F ' 23 '
jfilter action, output voltage is converted to level and smooth direct voltage, is power brick 4 '
jcharging.When battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor FA17
iwith metal-oxide-semiconductor FA ' 15 '
jduring shutoff, balancing procedure stops.Otherwise, when n power brick 4
icharging, m power brick 4 '
jduring electric discharge, battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor FA ' 15 '
jturn-off, and control metal-oxide-semiconductor FB ' 17 '
jthe turn-on and turn-off time, make circuit F '
jat transformer secondary output coil F '
jproduce alternating voltage U '
2, alternating voltage U '
2conversion through transformer 6, is loaded on circuit F
i.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15
iconducting, and control metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17
iturn-off.Due to electric capacity F23
ithe effect of filtering, output voltage is converted to level and smooth direct voltage, is power brick 4
icharging.When battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor FB ' 17 '
jwith metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15
iduring shutoff, balancing procedure stops.
The balanced mode of the bidirectional equalization between described battery cell and power brick can be both between a battery cell and a power brick, can be also between a plurality of battery cells and a power brick.Equivalent circuit diagram as shown in Figure 4, wherein has n batteries monomer and power brick to participate in balancing procedure (n >=1).There is n battery cell in Fig. 4 left side, and i battery cell of mark is 5
i, battery cell 5
iboth positive and negative polarity between series capacitance E10
i, battery cell 5
ipositive pole to metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11 in sequential series between negative pole
iwith diode EA12
iparallel circuits, the secondary coil E of transformer 6
i, metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13
iwith diode EB14
iparallel circuits, i=1,2 ..., n.There is 1 power brick 4 on Fig. 4 right side, series capacitance F23 between the both positive and negative polarity of power brick 4, the positive pole of power brick 4 to the parallel circuits of metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15 in sequential series and diode FA16 between negative pole, the parallel circuits of the secondary coil F of transformer 6, metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17 and diode FB18.When n batteries monomer 5
i(i=1,2 ..., n) electric discharge, during power brick 4 charging.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11
iturn-off, and control metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13
ithe turn-on and turn-off time, make circuit E produce alternating voltage U at the primary coil E of transformer 6
3, alternating voltage U
3conversion through transformer 6, is loaded on circuit F.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15 conducting, and controls metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17 and turn-off.Due to the filter action of electric capacity F23, output voltage is converted to level and smooth direct voltage, is power brick 4 chargings.When battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13
iwhile turn-offing with metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15, balancing procedure stops.Otherwise, when power brick 4 electric discharges, n batteries monomer 5
i(i=1,2 ..., while n) charging.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15 and is turn-offed, and controls the turn-on and turn-off time of metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17, makes circuit F produce alternating voltage U at the secondary coil F of transformer 6
4, alternating voltage U
4conversion through transformer 6, is loaded on circuit E.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11
iconducting, and control metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13
iturn-off.Due to electric capacity E10
ifilter action, output voltage is converted to level and smooth direct voltage, is battery cell 5
icharging.When battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11
iwhile turn-offing with metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17, balancing procedure stops.
The balanced mode of the bidirectional equalization between described battery cell and power battery pack can be both between a battery cell and battery pack, can be also between a plurality of battery cells and battery pack.As shown in Figure 5, wherein n battery cell and power battery pack participate in balancing procedure (n >=1) to equivalent circuit diagram.In Fig. 5, there is n battery cell in transformer 6 left sides, and i battery cell of mark is 5
i, battery cell 5
ipositive pole to metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11 in sequential series between negative pole
iwith diode EA12
iparallel circuits, the secondary coil E of transformer 6
i, metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13
iwith diode EB14
iparallel circuits, i=1,2 ..., n.In Fig. 5, transformer 6 right sides are power battery pack 2, series capacitance H24 between the both positive and negative polarity of power battery pack 2, the positive pole of battery pack 2 to the parallel circuits of metal-oxide-semiconductor HA19 in sequential series and diode HA20 between negative pole, the parallel circuits of the secondary coil H of transformer 6, metal-oxide-semiconductor HB21 and diode HB22.When n battery cell 5
i(i=1,2 ..., n) electric discharge, during power battery pack 2 charging.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11
iturn-off, and control metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13
ithe turn-on and turn-off time, make circuit E produce alternating voltage U at the primary coil E of transformer 6
5, alternating voltage U
5conversion through transformer 6, is loaded on circuit H.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor HA19 conducting, and controls metal-oxide-semiconductor HB21 and turn-off.Due to the filter action of electric capacity H24, output voltage is converted to level and smooth direct voltage, is power battery pack 2 chargings.When battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13
iwhile turn-offing with metal-oxide-semiconductor HA19, balancing procedure stops.Otherwise, when power battery pack 2 electric discharges, n battery cell 5
i(i=1,2 ..., while n) charging.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor HA19 and is turn-offed, and controls the turn-on and turn-off time of metal-oxide-semiconductor HB21, makes circuit H produce alternating voltage U at the secondary coil H of transformer 6
6, alternating voltage U
6conversion through transformer 6, is loaded on circuit E.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11
iconducting, and control metal-oxide-semiconductor EB13
iturn-off.Due to electric capacity E10
ifilter action, output voltage is converted to level and smooth direct voltage, is battery cell 5
icharging.When battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor EA11
iwhile turn-offing with metal-oxide-semiconductor HB21, balancing procedure stops.
The balanced mode of the bidirectional equalization between described power brick and power battery pack can be both between a power brick and battery pack, can be also between a plurality of power brick and battery pack.As shown in Figure 6, wherein n power brick participates in balanced (n >=1) with power battery pack to equivalent circuit diagram.In Fig. 6, transformer 6 left sides are n power brick, and i power brick of mark is 4
i, series capacitance F23 between the both positive and negative polarity of i power brick
i, power brick 4
ipositive pole to the metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15 that connects between negative pole
iwith diode FA16
ithe secondary coil F of parallel circuits, transformer 6
i, and metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17
iwith diode FB18
iparallel circuits, i=1,2 ..., n.In Fig. 6, transformer 6 right sides are power battery pack 2, series capacitance H24 between the both positive and negative polarity of power battery pack 2, the positive pole of battery pack 2 to the parallel circuits of metal-oxide-semiconductor HA19 in sequential series and diode HA20 between negative pole, the parallel circuits of the secondary coil H of transformer 6, metal-oxide-semiconductor HB21 and diode HB22.When n power brick 4
i(i=1,2 ..., n) electric discharge, during power battery pack 2 charging.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15
iturn-off, and control metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17
ithe turn-on and turn-off time, make power brick voltage balance circuit F produce alternating voltage U at the secondary coil F of transformer 6
7, alternating voltage U
7conversion through transformer 6, is loaded on power battery voltage equalizing circuit H.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor HA19 conducting, and controls metal-oxide-semiconductor HB21 and turn-off.Due to the filter action of electric capacity H24, output voltage is converted to level and smooth direct voltage, is power battery pack 2 chargings.When battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17
iwhile turn-offing with metal-oxide-semiconductor HA19, balancing procedure stops.Otherwise, when power battery pack 2 electric discharges, n battery pack 4
i(i=1,2 ..., while n) charging, battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor HA19 and is turn-offed, and controls the turn-on and turn-off time of metal-oxide-semiconductor HB21, makes power battery voltage equalizing circuit H produce alternating voltage U at the secondary coil H of transformer 6
8, alternating voltage U
8conversion through transformer 6, is loaded on power brick voltage balance circuit F.Battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15
iconducting, and control metal-oxide-semiconductor FB17
iturn-off.Due to electric capacity F23
ifilter action, output voltage is converted to level and smooth direct voltage, is power brick 4
icharging.When battery management system is controlled metal-oxide-semiconductor FA15
iwhile turn-offing with metal-oxide-semiconductor HB21, balancing procedure stops.
In Fig. 2～Fig. 6, battery cell, power brick and the power battery pack that place transformer 6 left and right sides, be only a signal, and the process of charging and discharging, in actual use, does not limit concrete placement location for convenience of description.
In the present invention, transformer 6 can also be changed into the discharge resistance array with same-interface, the winding of corresponding monomer is replaced to discharge resistance.For power brick a in power battery pack, in its voltage balance circuit, with discharge resistance array, replace, each battery cell in power brick a, each power brick in power battery pack and whole power battery pack are connected on a discharge resistance by two equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductors respectively.By controlling the break-make of two equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductors, realize the electric discharge to battery cell, power brick or power battery pack.Owing to adopting the sample circuit scheme separated with equalizing circuit, make the size of euqalizing current not affect the precision of sampling, so just can realize the equalization discharge of the large electric current of battery cell, namely realize the passive equilibrium of large electric current.The size of euqalizing current depends on the size of selected discharge resistance and the heat radiation situation of discharge resistance.
Battery management system of the present invention (BMS) is the Battery Management System for Hybrid Electric Vehicle based on the design of the XC2000 of Infineon series monolithic, is widely used in the occasions such as pure electric automobile, hybrid vehicle, energy-accumulating power station, back-up source.Its main feature is as follows:
1) operating voltage range: 9V～48V, has reverse connecting protection, overvoltage protection and overcurrent protection;
2) operating temperature range: – 40to105 ℃;
3) each module low-voltage power supply communication adopts respectively separated connector with battery pack sampling is balanced, both can realize effective electrical equipment isolation, is also convenient to management maintenance.Each module can a power brick 4 of corresponding management.
The input interface of BMS:
1) each module has 12 joint monomer voltages detection inputs, detects can reach ± 3mV of voltage accuracy;
2) each module has 7 road temperature sensor signal input interfaces;
3) each module have system power supply enable input.
The output circuit of BMS:
Each module has the ability of management 12 joint monomers, average isostatic electric current 5A, and maximum euqalizing current can reach 20A.
Claims (10)
1. lithium-ion-power cell discharges and recharges an active equalization circuit, it is characterized in that: for each power brick in power battery pack, be provided with voltage acquisition module and voltage balance circuit; Described voltage acquisition module is connected with each battery cell in power brick, and the voltage of each battery cell of Real-time Collection also sends to battery management system; Voltage balance circuit comprises equalizer transformer and equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, and equalizer transformer is the same core transformer of winding more than;
In power battery pack, in the voltage balance circuit of power brick a, each battery cell in power brick a, each power brick in power battery pack and whole power battery pack are connected on a winding of same core transformer by two equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductors respectively; Battery management system is controlled the break-make of equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, is coupled out corresponding equalizing voltage in equalizer transformer, realizes the active equalization that battery cell, power brick and power battery pack are discharged and recharged.
2. lithium-ion-power cell according to claim 1 discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, it is characterized in that: described voltage balance circuit comprises battery cell voltage balance circuit E, power brick voltage balance circuit F and power battery voltage equalizing circuit H; For the power brick a in power battery pack, in power brick a, each battery cell all connects a battery cell voltage balance circuit E, each power brick in power battery pack all connects a power brick voltage balance circuit F, and whole power battery pack connects a battery voltage equalizing circuit H; Transformer coupled by with core of each voltage balance circuit E, F and H; The input of equalizing circuit E, F or H is the positive and negative polarities of corresponding battery cell, power brick or power battery pack, and output is corresponding Transformer Winding coil;
Equalizing circuit E, F and H comprise the first equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, the second equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor and corresponding Transformer Winding; When battery cell, power brick or power battery pack are discharged, control the first equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor conducting and make anodal and corresponding Transformer Winding conducting, control the turn-on and turn-off time of the second equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, make to produce alternating voltage in corresponding Transformer Winding; When battery cell, power brick or power battery pack are charged, control the break-make of the first equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor and the second equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, transformer-coupled euqalizing current is arrived anodal, and reverse electric current is blocked.
3. lithium-ion-power cell according to claim 2 discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, it is characterized in that: described battery cell voltage balance circuit E, equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor in power brick voltage balance circuit F and power battery voltage equalizing circuit H, it is placed on the both positive and negative polarity of battery cell, power brick or power battery pack of equalizing circuit E of living in, F or H and the optional position between Transformer Winding coil.
4. lithium-ion-power cell according to claim 1 and 2 discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, it is characterized in that: described battery management system, according to gathered all battery cell voltages, obtain the total voltage of whole power battery pack, thereby obtain the average voltage U of battery cell
m, according to average voltage U
mhigher limit and the lower limit of battery cell and power brick are set; When the voltage of battery cell or power brick is during higher than corresponding higher limit, battery management system is controlled the break-make of corresponding equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, discharges; When the voltage of battery cell or power brick is during lower than corresponding lower limit, battery management system is controlled the break-make of corresponding equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor, discharges.
5. lithium-ion-power cell according to claim 1 and 2 discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, it is characterized in that: described equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductor adopts the combination of following any one device or any two kinds of devices to realize: NMOS pipe, PMOS pipe, DUAL NMOS pipe, DUAL PMOS pipe.
6. lithium-ion-power cell according to claim 2 discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, it is characterized in that: described battery cell voltage balance circuit E, comprises the primary coil E of electric capacity E, metal-oxide-semiconductor EA, diode EA, metal-oxide-semiconductor EB, diode EB and transformer; The positive and negative polarities of battery cell are as the input of equalizing circuit E, the parallel circuits that has the parallel circuits of metal-oxide-semiconductor EA and diode EA, the primary coil E of transformer and metal-oxide-semiconductor EB and diode EB in sequential series between input, wherein metal-oxide-semiconductor EA and the wherein opposite direction of metal-oxide-semiconductor EB, the opposite direction of diode EA and diode EB, and between input, be also parallel with electric capacity E, the primary coil E of transformer is as the output of equalizing circuit E; Described metal-oxide-semiconductor EA and diode EA form NMOS pipe, and metal-oxide-semiconductor EB and diode EB form NMOS pipe, and the source electrode of NMOS pipe connects the input of equalizing circuit E, and the drain electrode of NMOS pipe connects the output of equalizing circuit E.
7. lithium-ion-power cell according to claim 2 discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, it is characterized in that: described power brick voltage balance circuit F, comprises the secondary coil F of electric capacity F, metal-oxide-semiconductor FA, diode FA, metal-oxide-semiconductor FB, diode FB and transformer; The positive and negative polarities of power brick are as the input of equalizing circuit F, the parallel circuits that has the parallel circuits of metal-oxide-semiconductor FA and diode FA, the secondary coil F of transformer and metal-oxide-semiconductor FB and diode FB in sequential series between input, the opposite direction of metal-oxide-semiconductor FA and metal-oxide-semiconductor FB wherein, the opposite direction of diode FA and diode FB, and between input, be also parallel with electric capacity F, the secondary coil F of transformer is as the output of equalizing circuit F; Described metal-oxide-semiconductor FA and diode FA form NMOS pipe, and metal-oxide-semiconductor FB and diode FB form NMOS pipe, and the source electrode of NMOS pipe connects the input of equalizing circuit F, and the drain electrode of NMOS pipe connects the output of equalizing circuit F.
8. lithium-ion-power cell according to claim 2 discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, it is characterized in that: described power battery voltage equalizing circuit H, comprises the secondary coil H of electric capacity H, metal-oxide-semiconductor HA, diode HA, metal-oxide-semiconductor HB, diode HB and transformer; The positive and negative polarities of power battery pack are as the input of equalizing circuit H, the parallel circuits that has the parallel circuits of metal-oxide-semiconductor HA and diode HA, the secondary coil H of transformer and metal-oxide-semiconductor HB and diode HB in sequential series between input, the opposite direction of metal-oxide-semiconductor HA and metal-oxide-semiconductor HB wherein, the opposite direction of diode HA and diode HB, and between input, be also parallel with electric capacity H, the secondary coil H of transformer is as the output of equalizing circuit H; Described metal-oxide-semiconductor HA and diode HA form NMOS pipe, and metal-oxide-semiconductor HB and diode HB form NMOS pipe, and the source electrode of NMOS pipe connects the input of equalizing circuit H, and the drain electrode of NMOS pipe connects the output of equalizing circuit H.
9. lithium-ion-power cell according to claim 1 and 2 discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, it is characterized in that: described lithium-ion-power cell discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, comprise 5 kinds of mode of operations: the bidirectional equalization between the bidirectional equalization between the bidirectional equalization between the bidirectional equalization between the bidirectional equalization between battery cell and battery cell, power brick and power brick, battery cell and power brick, battery cell and power battery pack, power brick and power battery pack; Under every kind of mode of operation, between every kind of balanced main body, be one to one or one-to-many or multi-to-multi, balanced main body comprises battery cell, power brick and power battery pack.
10. lithium-ion-power cell according to claim 1 discharges and recharges active equalization circuit, it is characterized in that: described equalizer transformer, with discharge resistance array, replace; In power battery pack in the voltage balance circuit of power brick a, each battery cell in power brick a, each power brick in power battery pack and whole power battery pack are connected on a discharge resistance by two equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductors respectively, by controlling the break-make of two equalizer switch metal-oxide-semiconductors, realize the electric discharge to battery cell, power brick or power battery pack.
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