CN104181511A - Scaling method of foundation microwave radiometer - Google Patents
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- CN104181511A CN104181511A CN201310195248.3A CN201310195248A CN104181511A CN 104181511 A CN104181511 A CN 104181511A CN 201310195248 A CN201310195248 A CN 201310195248A CN 104181511 A CN104181511 A CN 104181511A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a scaling method of a foundation microwave radiometer. The scaling method comprises: obtaining voltage values output through each channel in different attenuation values, calculating corresponding equivalent brightness temperature values through attenuation values, calculating system non-linear factors and noise source injection noises according to corresponding relation between each equivalent brightness temperature value and the output voltage of each channel, and completing preliminary scaling; according to sounding profile data matching with time and place, establishing a corresponding relation of atmosphere optics thickness and atmosphere quality, substituting scaling parameters, obtaining a scaling relation curve, determining the scaling parameters according to the scaling relation curve; observing cold air and cold air coupling noises at each attenuation value, obtaining voltage values output through each channel at different attenuation values and fitting the attenuation values and the voltage values; calculating the equivalent noise temperature when an antenna aligns with the cold air through the relation of the attenuation values and the output voltage values of the attenuator, and determining the brightness temperature values corresponding to the cold air observed by the foundation microwave radiometer in different time and places.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of calibrating method, particularly a kind of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer calibrating method.
Background technology
K band Microwave Radiometer is a kind of microwave remote sensor of passive type, can penetrate cloud layer and rain belt, can be used for round-the-clock, round-the-clock the meteorological datas such as global atmosphere humidity, moisture content, rainfall amount of observing.Calibration technology is a gordian technique in microwave radiometer design.Because ground radiometer working environment is special, be subject to the impact of atmospheric attenuation, on ground, do not have the cold empty background in universe to utilize, reference source is compared the bright temperature of atmosphere radiation and is high temperature source, utilize traditional calibrating method can not avoid the error of introducing due to extrapolation, therefore determine that the dynamic response relation of full observation scope is very crucial.
What at present ground Calibration of Microwave Radiometer is generally used is high low temperature two point Linear scaling methods ideally.In high low temperature two point Linear scaling methods, desirable receiver for radiometer is a linear system, utilizes two reference source T
lowand T
highoutput voltage V
lowand V
highwhile calculating calibration equation, resulting equation is an ideal line.But in reality detects, actual radiometer response be one by the curve of known point, therefore with reference to high low temperature two point Linear scaling methods, the output voltage V during according to observation
mearesulting corresponding true temperature T
meajust may there is larger error.Based on cooled with liquid nitrogen calibration blackbody as considered the nonlinear characteristic of detection tube with reference to 4 nonlinear calibration methods in one of source, but the reference source temperature of choosing is all higher than the atmosphere radiation of observing, calibrate bright temperature value by the calibration curve acquisition of extrapolating, introduce error and there is uncertainty, and non-linear more obvious, calibrate bright temperature value error larger.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome and of the prior artly for Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer calibrating method, introduce error and there is probabilistic defect, thereby the calibrating method that a kind of accuracy is high is provided.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer calibrating method, comprising:
Step 1), will between the antenna of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer and Receiver Module, connect step attenuator, by the calibration blackbody of described antenna alignment cooled with liquid nitrogen; The pad value of described step attenuator is set between 0～35dB, the magnitude of voltage of each passage output while obtaining differential declines value, utilize pad value to calculate the bright temperature value of corresponding equivalence, according to the corresponding relation between the bright temperature value of each equivalence and each passage output voltage, thereby calculate system nonlinear factor and noise source, inject noise, complete preliminary calibration;
Step 2), by the cold sky of the antenna alignment of described Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer, the pad value of described step attenuator is set as to 0, the scan pattern of described antenna is set to variable speed scanning, and relatively in the degree of zenith ± 60, doing great-jump-forward scanning, and stepping is 5 degree, each angle residence time is 40ms, noise source switch is realized break-make respectively once during this time, collect calibration data, all the other angle variable speed scannings, do not collect data; Then according to the sounding profile data of time place coupling, set up the corresponding relation of atmosphere optical thickness and air quality, the determined calibration parameter of injecting noise, system nonlinear factor that comprises in substitution step 1), obtain a calibration relation curve, if described calibration relation curve is through initial point, the resulting calibration parameter of step 1) is correct, step 2) finish, otherwise the method adjustment calibration parameter of utilizing fine setting to approach, until described calibration relation curve is through initial point;
Step 3), will be after the cold empty background in the antenna alignment universe of described Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer fixing, by the logarithm stepping between 0～25dB of the pad value of described step attenuator, at each pad value place, observe cold sky and cold empty coupled noise, the magnitude of voltage of each passage output while obtaining differential declines value, and pad value and magnitude of voltage are carried out to matching;
Then from the resulting result of step 1), obtain pad value and be the magnitude of voltage of 0 o'clock, pad value while finding out the observation cold empty background corresponding with described magnitude of voltage from resulting fitting result, utilize the relation of attenuator pad value and output voltage values, calculate the cold effective noise temperature observing when empty of antenna alignment, determine the corresponding bright temperature value of cold sky in described Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer observation different time and place.
In technique scheme, also comprise the step of when user uses Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer, described Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer being carried out real-time calibration, this step comprises:
Step a), adopt described Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer to carry out real-time monitored to the cold sky in universe, obtain magnitude of voltage V;
Step b), described Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer are periodically observed built-in calibration blackbody and noise source switch respectively 1 time, periodically computing system gain G and system receiver noise Trec;
Step c), the noise source that calculates in step 1)-step 3) is injected to the magnitude of voltage V that noise Tn, system nonlinear factor a and step a) obtain, the system-gain G obtaining in step b) and the following formula of system receiver noise Trec substitution:
V＝G(T
rec+T
sky+T
n)
α （4）
Calculate the bright temperature Tsky of atmosphere radiation, utilize this value to realize real-time calibration.
In technique scheme, in described step 1), the described system that calculates nonlinear factor and noise source are injected noise and are comprised: utilize formula (1) and (2), establishment comprises surveys magnitude of voltage V, the bright temperature value of the equivalence of cooled with liquid nitrogen calibration blackbody after overdamping TA, unknown calibration parameter and system-gain G, system receiver noise Trec in interior system of equations, by solving equation group, calculate system nonlinear factor and noise source and inject noise; Described calibration parameter comprises noise source injection noise Tn, system nonlinear factor α; Wherein,
When described formula (1) is antenna alignment liquid nitrogen, the computing formula of effective noise temperature during differential declines value:
TIN=T0*(1-1/L)+TLN*1/L （1）
L in above-mentioned formula is pad value, is the regulated value sum of attenuator natural attenuation value and attenuator, and T0 is the bright temperature of environment temperature blackbody radiation, and TLN is liquid nitrogen radiation brightness;
Described formula (2) is calibration formula:
V＝G(T
rec+T
A+T
n)
α （2）。
In technique scheme, in described step 3), the computing formula that the effective noise temperature observing while calculating the cold sky of antenna alignment adopts is as follows:
TLN=T0*(1-1/L)+Tsky*1/L （3）
Wherein, L is pad value, attenuator natural attenuation value and decay scale value sum, T0 is the bright temperature of environment temperature blackbody radiation, is given value, radiation brightness when TLN is antenna alignment cooled with liquid nitrogen reference source, for given value, Tsky is the bright temperature of atmosphere radiation, and the effective noise temperature while being the cold sky of antenna alignment, is the amount to be calculated in calibration process.
The invention has the advantages that:
The present invention utilizes Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer antenna direction cooled with liquid nitrogen calibration blackbody, the positive and negative 60 degree fixed points of zenith scan cold sky and cold empty 3 steps of antenna alignment relatively, by mutual correction and comparison, effectively reduced calibration error, improved calibration precision, thereby improve the isoparametric inversion accuracy of K wave band ground microwave atmospheric humidity profile, avoided the deficiency of the conventional calibrating method of current K wave band Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of K wave band Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer related in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the inventive method;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of antenna alignment cooled with liquid nitrogen calibration blackbody;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the cold sky of antenna alignment;
Fig. 5 is the positive and negative 60 degree scanning schematic diagram of relative zenith.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.
Method of the present invention is applicable to the Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer of K wave band, is also applicable to the Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer of atmospheric transmittance compare Gao Chuan district and its all band.In the present embodiment, by take the Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer of K wave band, method of the present invention is elaborated as example.
Before method of the present invention is elaborated, for the ease of understanding, first the structure of described K wave band Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer is done to one and briefly describe.
With reference to figure 1, K wave band Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer comprises antenna, multichannel receiver, data recordin module.Wherein, multichannel receiver comprises that Receiver Module, ifd module and low frequency detection look amplification module; Antenna reception to radio signal transmission in Receiver Module, then in ifd module, mixing is converted to intermediate-freuqncy signal, in low frequency detection, look in amplification module, intermediate-freuqncy signal is vision signal through amplification, filtering, Integral Transformation, then by data recordin module, is gathered and done further processing through amplified signal.
Aforementioned K wave band Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer take below as basis, the performing step of calibrating method of the present invention is elaborated.
With reference to figure 2, method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Step 1), as shown in Figure 3, by connecing an accurate step attenuator between the antenna of K wave band Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer and Receiver Module, by the calibration blackbody of antenna alignment cooled with liquid nitrogen; By the pad value (0～35dB) of step attenuator is set, the magnitude of voltage of each passage output while obtaining differential declines value, utilize pad value to calculate the bright temperature value of corresponding equivalence, according to the corresponding relation between the bright temperature value of each equivalence and each passage output voltage, utilize formula (1) and (2), set up and comprise the bright temperature value of the equivalence of surveying magnitude of voltage V, will calculate T
aand the system of equations of unknown calibration parameter (comprising noise source injection noise Tn, system nonlinear factor α) and system-gain G and system receiver noise Trec, thereby by solving equation group, calculate system nonlinear factor and noise source and inject noise, complete preliminary calibration.
During antenna alignment liquid nitrogen, the computing formula of effective noise temperature during differential declines value is as follows:
T
IN=T
0*(1-1/L)+T
LN*1/L （1）
Wherein, the L in above-mentioned formula is pad value, is the regulated value sum of attenuator natural attenuation value and attenuator, T
0for the bright temperature of environment temperature blackbody radiation, T
lNfor liquid nitrogen radiation brightness, be given value.
Formula below (2) is a calibration formula:
V＝G(T
rec+T
A+T
n)
α（2）
Wherein, T
afor the bright temperature value of the equivalence of cooled with liquid nitrogen calibration blackbody after overdamping, V is corresponding magnitude of voltage.
Step 2), as shown in Figure 4, the cold sky of antenna alignment by K wave band Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer, is set as 0 by the pad value of step attenuator, utilizes cold empty background, the scan pattern that antenna is set is variable speed scanning, relatively in the degree of zenith ± 60, doing great-jump-forward scanning (referring to Fig. 5), stepping is 5 degree, and each angle residence time is 40ms, noise source switch is realized break-make respectively once during this time, collect calibration data, all the other angle variable speed scannings, do not collect data; Then according to the sounding profile data of time place coupling, set up the corresponding relation of atmosphere optical thickness and air quality, determined calibration parameter in substitution step 1) (comprise and inject noise, system nonlinear factor), if calibration relation curve is through initial point, step 2) finish, the resulting calibration parameter of proof step 1) is correct, otherwise the method adjustment calibration parameter of utilizing fine setting to approach, until calibration relation curve is through initial point.
Step 3), by fixing after the cold empty background in the antenna alignment universe of K wave band Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer (referring to Fig. 4), the pad value of step attenuator is logarithm stepping between 0～25dB, at each pad value place, observe cold sky and cold empty coupled noise, the magnitude of voltage of each passage output while obtaining differential declines value, and pad value and magnitude of voltage are carried out to matching.Search the pad value while being the magnitude of voltage that equates and the cold empty background of observation at 0 o'clock with pad value in step 1), utilize the relation of attenuator pad value and output voltage values, the effective noise temperature observing while calculating the cold sky of antenna alignment, the output response while determining the different bright temperature target of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer observation.During the cold sky of antenna alignment, the computing formula of effective noise temperature is as follows:
T
LN=T
0*(1-1/L)+T
sky*1/L （3）
Wherein, L is pad value, is attenuator natural attenuation value and decay scale value sum, T
0for the bright temperature of environment temperature blackbody radiation, be given value, T
lNradiation brightness during for antenna alignment cooled with liquid nitrogen reference source, is given value, and Tsky is the bright temperature of atmosphere radiation, in calibration formula, is certain value, and the effective noise temperature while being the cold sky of antenna alignment, is the amount to be calculated in calibration process.
According to formula (3), derive the bright temperature value Tsky of cold sky, the bright temperature value of cold sky of the sounding profile emulation of mating with the time place of utilization is carried out numeric ratio, when error is less than 0.5K, and the system calibration process before the Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer that completes K band detection water vapor profile dispatches from the factory.
After equipment dispatches from the factory, when the actual use of user K wave band Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer, utilize formula (4) can also carry out real-time calibration.
V＝G(T
rec+T
sky+T
n)
α （4）
In formula, magnitude of voltage when V is the cold sky of observation, it is measured value, Tn is that noise source is injected noise, a is system nonlinear factor, by step 1～3, obtain and carried out validity and proofreaied and correct and theoretical validation, G is system-gain, Trec is system receiver noise, these two parameters obtain by built-in thermal source in Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer real time execution process and these two the reference source cycle calibrations of built-in thermal source coupled noise, calibration process is shown in formula (3), and the calibration cycle is less than 1min, and Tsky is the amount that needs calculating in K wave band Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer calibration process.
In sum, system verification and calibration before the improved calibrating method of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer of the present invention is applicable to dispatch from the factory, determine equipment dispatch from the factory after necessary calibration parameter in real time execution process, comprise 3 scaling step.Use calibrating method of the present invention more conventional two-point calibration method and 4 nonlinear calibration methods compare, can effectively improve K wave band Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer calibration precision, thereby improve the detection accuracy of K wave band Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer, atmospheric sounding moisture profile more accurately, moisture content, cloud liquid water content etc.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described.Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, technical scheme of the present invention is modified or is equal to replacement, do not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer calibrating method, comprising:
Step 1), will between the antenna of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer and Receiver Module, connect step attenuator, by the calibration blackbody of described antenna alignment cooled with liquid nitrogen; The pad value of described step attenuator is set between 0～35dB, the magnitude of voltage of each passage output while obtaining differential declines value, utilize pad value to calculate the bright temperature value of corresponding equivalence, according to the corresponding relation between the bright temperature value of each equivalence and each passage output voltage, thereby calculate system nonlinear factor and noise source, inject noise, complete preliminary calibration;
Step 2), by the cold sky of the antenna alignment of described Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer, the pad value of described step attenuator is set as to 0, the scan pattern of described antenna is set to variable speed scanning, and relatively in the degree of zenith ± 60, doing great-jump-forward scanning, and stepping is 5 degree, each angle residence time is 40ms, noise source switch is realized break-make respectively once during this time, collect calibration data, all the other angle variable speed scannings, do not collect data; Then according to the sounding profile data of time place coupling, set up the corresponding relation of atmosphere optical thickness and air quality, the determined calibration parameter of injecting noise, system nonlinear factor that comprises in substitution step 1), obtain a calibration relation curve, if described calibration relation curve is through initial point, the resulting calibration parameter of step 1) is correct, step 2) finish, otherwise the method adjustment calibration parameter of utilizing fine setting to approach, until described calibration relation curve is through initial point;
Step 3), will be after the cold empty background in the antenna alignment universe of described Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer fixing, by the logarithm stepping between 0～25dB of the pad value of described step attenuator, at each pad value place, observe cold sky and cold empty coupled noise, the magnitude of voltage of each passage output while obtaining differential declines value, and pad value and magnitude of voltage are carried out to matching;
Then from the resulting result of step 1), obtain pad value and be the magnitude of voltage of 0 o'clock, pad value while finding out the observation cold empty background corresponding with described magnitude of voltage from resulting fitting result, utilize the relation of attenuator pad value and output voltage values, calculate the cold effective noise temperature observing when empty of antenna alignment, determine the corresponding bright temperature value of cold sky in described Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer observation different time and place.
2. Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer calibrating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises the step of when user uses Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer, described Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer being carried out real-time calibration, and this step comprises:
Step a), adopt described Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer to carry out real-time monitored to the cold sky in universe, obtain magnitude of voltage V;
Step b), described Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer are periodically observed built-in calibration blackbody and noise source switch respectively 1 time, periodically computing system gain G and system receiver noise Trec;
Step c), the noise source that calculates in step 1)-step 3) is injected to the magnitude of voltage V that noise Tn, system nonlinear factor a and step a) obtain, the system-gain G obtaining in step b) and the following formula of system receiver noise Trec substitution:
V＝G(T
rec+T
sky+T
n)
α （4）
Calculate the bright temperature Tsky of atmosphere radiation, utilize this value to realize real-time calibration.
3. Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer calibrating method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, in described step 1), the described system that calculates nonlinear factor and noise source are injected noise and are comprised: utilize formula (1) and (2), establishment comprises surveys magnitude of voltage V, the bright temperature value of the equivalence of cooled with liquid nitrogen calibration blackbody after overdamping TA, unknown calibration parameter and system-gain G, system receiver noise Trec in interior system of equations, by solving equation group, calculate system nonlinear factor and noise source and inject noise; Described calibration parameter comprises noise source injection noise Tn, system nonlinear factor α; Wherein,
When described formula (1) is antenna alignment liquid nitrogen, the computing formula of effective noise temperature during differential declines value:
T
IN=T
0*(1-1/L)+T
LN*1/L （1）
L in above-mentioned formula is pad value, is the regulated value sum of attenuator natural attenuation value and attenuator, T
0for the bright temperature of environment temperature blackbody radiation, T
lNfor liquid nitrogen radiation brightness;
Described formula (2) is calibration formula:
V＝G(T
rec+T
A+T
n)
α （2）。
4. Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer calibrating method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in described step 3), the computing formula that the effective noise temperature observing while calculating the cold sky of antenna alignment adopts is as follows:
TLN=T0*(1-1/L)+Tsky*1/L （3）
Wherein, L is pad value, attenuator natural attenuation value and decay scale value sum, T0 is the bright temperature of environment temperature blackbody radiation, is given value, radiation brightness when TLN is antenna alignment cooled with liquid nitrogen reference source, for given value, Tsky is the bright temperature of atmosphere radiation, and the effective noise temperature while being the cold sky of antenna alignment, is the amount to be calculated in calibration process.
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| CN110261934A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-20 | 常州感通威视微波科技有限公司 | Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer system and its calibrating method |
| CN110261934B (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2022-03-08 | 常州感通威视微波科技有限公司 | Foundation microwave radiometer system and calibration method thereof |
| CN112415520A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-02-26 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Foundation microwave radiometer system based on variable-temperature source antenna aperture surface calibration and calibration method thereof |
| CN113484917A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-08 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Automatic calibration method for microwave radiometer |
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| CN116576974B (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-09-29 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Self-calibration method of multichannel microwave radiometer |
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