CN104181509A - Incoherent scattering radar signal processing method based on frequency hopping and polyphase alternating codes - Google Patents
Incoherent scattering radar signal processing method based on frequency hopping and polyphase alternating codes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency hopping and polyphase alternating code-based incoherent scattering radar signal processing method, which mainly solves the problems of low height resolution, long detection period and limited coding mode of the conventional incoherent scattering radar. The technical scheme is that each group of codes of the multiphase alternating code are modulated by different frequencies respectively to generate radar pulses which are arranged in sequence without time slots and are transmitted by a radar transmitter; and respectively filtering the radar echo signals according to the modulation frequency during transmission to obtain detection data of each group of multiphase alternating codes corresponding to the same height range, respectively carrying out post-detection filtering on each group of coded echo signals, calculating an autocorrelation function, carrying out multi-period accumulation and fuzzy correction, and further calculating the power spectral density of the ionosphere scattering signals. The invention can improve the radar height resolution, reduce the radar detection period and expand the signal coding mode, and can be used for ionosphere detection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Signal and Information Processing technical field, relate to Signal coding and the signal processing method of incoherent scattering radar, can be used for ionospheric probing.
Background technology
Along with scientific and technological development, the impact that ionosphere produces mankind's activities such as wireless communication, navigation, broadcast, space explorations is more and more significant.Ionospheric probing technology causes the attention of Chinese scholars and scientific research institution gradually, and China has built Asia First incoherent scattering radar at Qujing of Yunnan, for ionospheric probing.Incoherent scattering radar is the most effective instrument in ground location ionosphere, by autocorrelation function and the power spectrum density of estimate echo signal, can be finally inversed by the ionospheric parameters such as electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature, ion composition.These parameters have played very important effect for aspects such as the ionospheric characteristic of research, variation tendencies.
Incoherent scattering radar is for the ionosphere target of continuous distribution on a large scale, and its signal processing method and traditional radar have very large different.If the non-coherent scattering signal that ionospheric echoed signal is caused by reflections such as electronics, ions is a kind of typical random signal.Within the short time of a few minutes, Ionospheric Echo signal has stationarity, can carry out by calculating autocorrelation function and power spectrum density the statistical property of characterization signal.Ionosphere is typical soft object, and the mutual aliasing of radar echo signal of differing heights need to be eliminated range ambiguity by effective Signal coding design and special signal processing algorithm.Chinese scholars is being launched a large amount of research work aspect incoherent scattering radar Signal coding and signal processing.
Incoherent scattering radar coded system for ionospheric probing is multiple-pulse coding and long pulse coding the earliest.These two kinds of coded systems are easy to realize, but its ambiguity function span is large, height resolution is poor.Subsequently, Barker code, two-phase alternate code etc. are applied in ionospheric probing.Barker code has good height resolution, adopts traditional matched filtering mode, and its resolution element can reach a symbol width, but it can only be used for solving ionospheric power profiles.Two-phase alternate code is the conventional coding mode of modern incoherent scattering radar system, and its signal processing mainly comprises auto-correlation and ambiguity function correction computing time.The modulation of two-phase alternate code can obtain good height resolution, can calculate and have the autocorrelation function of a plurality of time delays and power spectrum density, but its code length and code set number have strict restriction, and it is necessary for 2 integral number power, thereby cannot design neatly detection waveform.Heterogeneous alternate code can improve the dirigibility of radar transmitted pulse length, and reduces by exomonental group of number when increasing code length as much as possible.Two-phase alternate code and heterogeneous alternate code once complete detection all need many group codings to transmit and receive respectively, then the result of organizing after Echo Processing is accumulated more.When group number is more and need to repeatedly accumulate time, detection time is long, for some parameter pace of change of ionosphere region faster, can not adapt to the needs of fast-changing ionospheric probing, can produce larger detecting error.In addition, the code element number of every group of alternate code is determined, in order to increase detection range, needs to increase symbol width in the situation that emissive power is certain, and to increase emitted energy, but this can cause height resolution to reduce.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned existing incoherent scattering radar signal processing method, a kind of Signal coding and signal processing method based on frequency hopping and heterogeneous alternate code proposed, with spread signal code length, minimizing radar detection cycle, improve radar altitude resolution and operating distance, adapt to the needs of fast-changing ionospheric probing.
Technical solution of the present invention is: many group codings of heterogeneous alternate code, respectively with different frequency modulation, are generated to the radar pulse of arranging without time slot in order, by transmitter, launch; The filtering respectively of modulating frequency when radar echo signal is pressed to transmitting, obtain many group codings corresponding to the detection data of sustained height scope, many group codings echoed signal is decoded respectively and fuzzy revising, calculate autocorrelation function, and carry out multicycle accumulation, thereby calculate the power spectrum density of ionospheric scattering signal.Concrete steps comprise as follows:
(1) Signal coding step:
(1a), according to experiment demand, determine that radar needs number of phases p and the code length L of heterogeneous alternate code;
(1b), according to heterogeneous alternate code create-rule and number of phases p and code length L, first generate the weak heterogeneous alternate code of N group, then be converted into the corresponding strong heterogeneous alternate code of 2N group;
(1c) according to the code set of the strong heterogeneous alternate code generating, count 2N, set the frequency hopping coding that one group of length is 2N;
(1d) every group strong heterogeneous alternate code is modulated in each sub-frequency of frequency hopping coding of setting, each group coding is arranged without time slot in order, transmitted;
(1e) will transmit and be modulated to radio frequency, and utilize transmitter to launch;
(2) signal decoding step:
(2a) radar receiver receives the echoed signal of ionospheric scattering, and echoed signal is carried out to down coversion, obtains intermediate-freuqncy signal, then carries out A/D sampling;
(2b) the frequency hopping coding using during according to transmitting, the echoed signal after design digital band-pass filter group is sampled to A/D is carried out filtering, scatter echo signal corresponding to the every group coding of strong heterogeneous alternate code using while obtaining launching;
(2c) the strong heterogeneous alternate code using during according to transmitting, design post detection filtering device carries out respectively filtering to every group of scatter echo signal;
(2d) by every group of scatter echo signal cutout, be a plurality of subsignals, blocking length is the pulse width transmitting, the initial time of each truncated signal corresponding to this signal at the ionospheric height of target, calculate the auto-correlation of differing heights place scatter echo signal, to every group of scatter echo signal autocorrelation, use symbol correction chart to carry out symbol correction, and the correction result of all groups is sued for peace respectively by differing heights;
(2e) repeating step (2a)～(2d), receive the echoed signal in next cycle and process, until all period treatment are complete, obtain the auto-correlation result of each cycle differing heights scope, the auto-correlation result that all cycle respective heights place is obtained adds up respectively;
(2f) the auto-correlation result after cumulative to each At The Height is used respectively corresponding ambiguity function value to revise, obtain final auto-correlation result, and auto-correlation result is carried out to Fourier transform obtain ionosphere power spectrum density, complete the processing to radar signal.
The present invention compared with prior art tool has the following advantages:
1, the present invention is due to the Signal coding and the signal processing method that adopt frequency hopping coding with the incoherent scattering radar of heterogeneous alternate code modulation, utilize frequency hopping to be coded in signal bandwidth and heterogeneous alternate code in the advantage of going aspect range ambiguity simultaneously, be very suitable for ionospheric probing;
2, the present invention is by the heterogeneous alternate code of frequency hopping coded modulation, of radar, transmits and receives in the cycle, can complete ionospheric probing, estimates autocorrelation function and power spectrum density.Compare traditional incoherent scattering radar signal processing method, when adopting identical accumulation number of times, the present invention can effectively improve the temporal resolution of result;
3, the present invention, owing to transmitting and receiving in the cycle and completing ionospheric probing of radar, has shortened the once time of complete detection, for parameter, changes region, ionosphere faster, can meet its stable state and survey requirement;
4, the present invention is modulated into a transponder pulse owing to organizing heterogeneous alternate code more, saved the time interval between group when every group is launched respectively, compared with traditional incoherent scattering radar signal processing method, within the identical time, can increase and survey accumulation number of times, improve and process signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio);
5, the present invention owing to being modulated into a long transponder pulse by organizing heterogeneous alternate code more, improved the work efficiency of radar, compare with traditional incoherent scattering radar disposal route, under the condition of same symbol width, can improve radar horizon, under same pulse width condition, can improve the range resolution of result.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is realization flow figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that signal transmitting and the signal in the present invention processed schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the signal dispersion schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the analogous diagram to the range ambiguity function of of the present invention one group 55 codes that alternate with Matlab software;
Fig. 5 is the analogous diagram to the range ambiguity function of of the present invention one group 25 5 codes that alternate with Matlab software.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
Related symbol explanation
P: the number of phases of heterogeneous alternate code;
M: the index parameters in heterogeneous alternate code number of phases and code length corresponding relation;
N: weak heterogeneous alternate code code set number;
L: weak heterogeneous alternate code code length;
F
n: modulating frequency corresponding to strong heterogeneous alternate code n group coding.
With reference to Fig. 1, the present invention includes Signal coding and signal decoding two large divisions, its step is as follows:
One, Signal coding
Step 1, selects number of phases P and the code length L of heterogeneous alternate code.
Weak heterogeneous alternate code have two kinds dissimilar:
The one, it is p that symbol phases is counted P, and code length L is p
m, wherein p is prime number, m is positive integer;
The 2nd, it is p-1 that symbol phases is counted P, and code length L is p-1, and wherein p is prime number;
Heterogeneous alternate code a little less than in the of these two kinds, the group of every group coding is counted N and is all equaled its code length L.The investigative range and the height resolution that according to experiment, need, determine suitable code length L, then according to above-mentioned two kinds of type of codings, determine a kind of heterogeneous alternate code type, and corresponding number of phases P.As, selecting code length is 4, can select the first type, and corresponding number of phases is 2, also can select the second type, and corresponding number of phases is 4.
Step 2, generates weak heterogeneous alternate code, and is converted to strong heterogeneous alternate code.
(2a) according to heterogeneous alternate code create-rule, generation number of phases is P, and code length is L, and group number is the weak heterogeneous alternate code of N group;
(2b) the weak heterogeneous alternate code of N group is respectively copied to portion, and the odd bits code element in the every group of alternate code copying is multiplied by-1, the more weak heterogeneous alternate code of N group copying and the weak heterogeneous alternate code of former N group are merged, composition group number is the strong heterogeneous alternate code of 2N group.
Step 3, sets one group of frequency hopping coding.
According to the code set of the strong heterogeneous alternate code generating, count 2N, set the frequency hopping coding that one group of length is 2N, the frequency of each code element of this frequency hopping coding is unequal mutually, is respectively f
1, f
2..., f
2N, this 2N frequency hopping code symbols is corresponding with the 2N group coding of strong heterogeneous alternate code.
Step 4, coded signal modulation.
By the 2N group coding signal of the strong heterogeneous alternate code generating, by 2N frequency hopping frequency of frequency hopping coding, to modulate respectively, each group coding after modulation is arranged without time slot in order, forms complete transmitting.With reference to coded signal modulating part in Fig. 2, the group number of supposing strong heterogeneous alternate code is here 2N group, and number of phases is 2, and code length is 4.In Fig. 2, a rectangular block represents a code element, and code element is positioned at time shaft top or below, and the phase place that represents respectively this code element is 0 or π.Each group coding continuous arrangement of the strong heterogeneous alternate code of 2N group, 4 code elements in every group adopt same frequency hopping frequency modulation (PFM), and the frequency that n group coding is chosen is n frequency f of frequency hopping coding
n, each group coding after modulation forms complete transmitting.
Step 5, will transmit and be modulated to radio frequency, and launch by radar transmitter.
Two, signal decoding
Step 6, carries out down coversion and sampling to echoed signal.
Radar receiver receives the echoed signal of ionospheric scattering, and echoed signal is carried out to down coversion, obtains intermediate-freuqncy signal, and intermediate-freuqncy signal is carried out to A/D sampling.
Step 7, designing filter group, carries out anti-aliasing filtering to echoed signal.
(7a) modulating frequency of strong heterogeneous each group coding of alternate code of 2N group while launching according to signal, design digital band-pass filter group, this digital band-pass filter group comprises 2N subfilter, the centre frequency of each subfilter equals respectively the frequency f of frequency hopping coding
1, f
2..., f
2N; The bandwidth of each subfilter is selected according to the modulating frequency transmitting and ionospheric scattered signal bandwidth parameter, the free transmission range non-overlapping of each subfilter;
(7b) use the echoed signal after digital band-pass filter group is sampled to A/D to carry out filtering, the modulating frequency adopting due to every group strong heterogeneous alternate code is different, after band-pass filter group filtering, obtain 2N signal, correspond respectively to the 2N group coding of strong heterogeneous alternate code.
With reference to Fig. 3, here suppose that strong alternate code code set number is 4, because the incoherent scattering radar coding waveforms designing equals its chip width for ionospheric range resolution, ionosphere is equivalent to a series of equally spaced thin slices, spacing is that chip width and the light velocity are long-pending.Can find out, in the time slot of every group strong heterogeneous alternate code code width, echoed signal is the stack of 4 group coding scattered signals, because every group coding adopts different frequency modulation, with bandpass filter filtering respectively corresponding to every group coding, can from the scattered signal of aliasing, isolate every group of corresponding scattered signal of this 4 group coding.
Step 8, carries out post detection filtering to the 2N obtaining after anti-aliasing filtering scatter echo signal.
(8a) design post detection filtering device, conventionally adopt low-pass filter, and the length of its impulse response equals chip width;
(8b) use post detection filtering device to carry out respectively filtering processing to every group of corresponding scatter echo signal of the 2N strong heterogeneous alternate code of group.
Step 9, intercepts the echoed signal on a height.
Echoed signal after the 2N obtaining in step 3 post detection filtering is intercepted respectively, and intercepted length is the pulse width transmitting, the initial time of intercept signal corresponding to this signal at the ionospheric height of target.
Step 10, calculates autocorrelation function, and carries out symbol correction and cumulative.
(10a) by the strong heterogeneous alternate code of 2N group, generate symbol correction chart, generate step as follows:
(10a1) 2N is organized to n code element of the every group coding translation of strong heterogeneous alternate code that length is L, n=1,2,3 ..., L-1;
(10a2) with the every group coding of the strong heterogeneous alternate code of 2N group after translation respectively with code multiplied corresponding before translation, obtain 2N and organize the coded identification that length is L-n, as the correction symbol of n each each code element of group coding of time delay place;
(10b) take a symbol width is time delay spacing, and the autocorrelation function of 2N the subsignal that in calculation procedure 9, intercepting obtains respectively obtains the value of each signal L-1 time delay place auto-correlation point;
(10c) with the correction symbol of n each code element of time delay place corresponding to every group strong heterogeneous alternate code in symbol correction chart, be multiplied by respectively the value of the auto-correlation point of n each element position of time delay place of corresponding autocorrelation function, obtain 2N the revised auto-correlation result of sub-signal code;
(10d) n the 2N of time delay place the revised auto-correlation result of sub-signal code sued for peace.
Step 11, calculates other autocorrelation function highly.
Repeating step 9 is to step 10, in the echoed signal of the 2N after post detection filtering, the echoed signal of the next altitude range of every group of signal intercepts, obtain 2N subsignal, calculate the autocorrelation function of each subsignal, and carry out symbol correction and cumulative, until the echo signal processing of all height is complete.
Step 12, multicycle accumulation.
Repeating step 6 is to step 11, receive the echoed signal in next cycle and process, until all period treatment are complete, obtain the auto-correlation result at each cycle differing heights place, the auto-correlation result that all cycle respective heights place is obtained adds up respectively, obtains the auto-correlation result after each At The Height adds up.
Step 13, ambiguity function correction, rated output spectral density.
(13a) according to the 2N group coding of strong heterogeneous alternate code, calculate ambiguity function modified value:
(13a1) use post detection filtering device to carry out respectively filtering to the every group coding of the 2N strong heterogeneous alternate code of group, obtain the amplitude ambiguity function value sequence that every group coding is corresponding;
(13a2) 2N amplitude ambiguity function value sequence step (13a1) being obtained be a translation n strong heterogeneous alternate code symbol width respectively, n=1, and 2,3 ..., L-1; Again the sequence of the 2N after translation is multiplied each other with sequence corresponding before translation respectively, obtain the range ambiguity function value sequence of the every group of strong heterogeneous alternate code in n time delay place;
(13a3) with the correction symbol of n each code element of time delay place corresponding to every group strong heterogeneous alternate code in symbol correction chart, be multiplied by respectively the range ambiguity function value sequence at corresponding n time delay place of strong heterogeneous alternate code, and to 2N revised range ambiguity function value sequence summation, obtain n the ambiguity function value sequence that each code element of time delay place is final;
(13b) the auto-correlation result of each At The Height step (12) being obtained, the ambiguity function value divided by n each code element of time delay place by the value of the auto-correlation point of each element position at its n time delay place, obtains final auto-correlation result respectively;
(13c) the final auto-correlation result of each At The Height is carried out respectively to Fourier transform, obtain the power spectrum density of each At The Height of ionosphere, complete the processing to radar signal.
In the present invention, distance by radar resolution effect can illustrate by following emulation experiment:
1. simulated conditions: the software that emulation is used is MATLAB.
2. simulated environment: emulation is carried out under Windows XP environment.
3. emulation content:
Emulation 1, is 5 to one group of number of phases, and code length is 5, and the range ambiguity function of the strong heterogeneous alternate code that group number is 10 at a symbol width time delay place carries out emulation, and this strong each symbol phases of heterogeneous alternate code is as shown in table 1, and simulation result as shown in Figure 4.In Fig. 4, the range ambiguity function of strong heterogeneous alternate code has 4 crests, is respectively the range ambiguity subfunction at lower 4 the code element places of chip width time delay.
The strong heterogeneous alternate code code table that table 1 number of phases is 5, code length is 5, group number is 10
Emulation 2, is 5 to one group of number of phases, and code length is 25, and the range ambiguity function of the strong heterogeneous alternate code that group number is 50 at a symbol width time delay place carries out emulation, and simulation result as shown in Figure 5.In Fig. 5, the range ambiguity function of strong heterogeneous alternate code has 24 crests, is respectively the range ambiguity subfunction at lower 24 the code element places of chip width time delay.
4. interpretation of result:
By Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, can be found out, the range ambiguity function of heterogeneous alternate code has sharp-pointed crest within the scope of each code element respective heights, in each code element respective heights, decays to 0 outward.In incoherent scattering radar is surveyed, range ambiguity function has characterized the range resolution of radar, illustrates that in the present invention, radar can obtain very high range resolution.
Claims (6)
1. the incoherent scattering radar signal processing method based on frequency hopping and heterogeneous alternate code, is characterized in that comprising:
(1) Signal coding step:
(1a), according to experiment demand, determine that radar needs number of phases P and the code length L of heterogeneous alternate code;
(1b), according to heterogeneous alternate code create-rule and number of phases P and code length L, first generate the weak heterogeneous alternate code of N group, then be converted into the corresponding strong heterogeneous alternate code of 2N group;
(1c) according to the code set of the strong heterogeneous alternate code generating, count 2N, set the frequency hopping coding that one group of length is 2N;
(1d) every group strong heterogeneous alternate code is modulated in each sub-frequency of frequency hopping coding of setting, each group coding is arranged without time slot in order, transmitted;
(1e) will transmit and be modulated to radio frequency, and utilize transmitter to launch;
(2) signal decoding step:
(2a) radar receiver receives the echoed signal of ionospheric scattering, and echoed signal is carried out to down coversion, obtains intermediate-freuqncy signal, then carries out A/D sampling;
(2b) the frequency hopping coding using during according to transmitting, the echoed signal after design digital band-pass filter group is sampled to A/D is carried out filtering, scatter echo signal corresponding to the every group coding of strong heterogeneous alternate code using while obtaining launching;
(2c) the strong heterogeneous alternate code using during according to transmitting, design post detection filtering device carries out respectively filtering to every group of scatter echo signal;
(2d) by every group of scatter echo signal cutout, be a plurality of subsignals, blocking length is the pulse width transmitting, the initial time of each truncated signal corresponding to this signal at the ionospheric height of target, calculate the auto-correlation of differing heights place scatter echo signal, to every group of scatter echo signal autocorrelation, use symbol correction chart to carry out symbol correction, and the correction result of all groups is sued for peace respectively by differing heights;
(2e) repeating step (2a)～(2d), receive the echoed signal in next cycle and process, until all period treatment are complete, obtain the auto-correlation result of each cycle differing heights scope, the auto-correlation result that all cycle respective heights place is obtained adds up respectively;
(2f) the auto-correlation result after cumulative to each At The Height is used respectively corresponding ambiguity function value to revise, obtain final auto-correlation result, and auto-correlation result is carried out to Fourier transform obtain ionosphere power spectrum density, complete the processing to radar signal.
2. the incoherent scattering radar signal processing method based on frequency hopping and heterogeneous alternate code according to claim 1, the described frequency hopping coding of step (1c) wherein, the frequency of its each code element is unequal mutually, is respectively f
1, f
2..., f
2N, and corresponding with the 2N group coding of strong heterogeneous alternate code.
3. the incoherent scattering radar signal processing method based on frequency hopping and heterogeneous alternate code according to claim 1, the described digital band-pass filter group of step (2b) wherein, comprise 2N subfilter, the centre frequency of each subfilter equals respectively the frequency of frequency hopping coding, and bandwidth is selected according to the modulating frequency transmitting and ionospheric scattered signal bandwidth parameter; The free transmission range of each subfilter is not overlapping.
4. the incoherent scattering radar signal processing method based on frequency hopping and heterogeneous alternate code according to claim 1, wherein the described post detection filtering device of step (2c) is low-pass filter, and the length of its impulse response equates with the chip width of strong heterogeneous alternate code.
5. the incoherent scattering radar signal processing method based on frequency hopping and heterogeneous alternate code according to claim 1, wherein the described symbol correction chart of step (2d) is generated by the code table of strong heterogeneous alternate code, generates step as follows:
(2d1) 2N is organized to n code element of the every group coding translation of strong heterogeneous alternate code that length is L, n=1,2,3 ..., L-1;
(2d2) with the every group coding of the strong heterogeneous alternate code of 2N group after translation respectively with code multiplied corresponding before translation, obtain 2N and organize the coded identification that length is L-n, as the correction symbol of n each each code element of group coding of time delay place.
6. the incoherent scattering radar signal processing method based on frequency hopping and heterogeneous alternate code according to claim 1, the described ambiguity function value of step (2f) wherein, is that the code table by strong heterogeneous alternate code calculates, calculation procedure is as follows:
(2f1) use post detection filtering device to carry out filtering to the every group coding of the 2N strong heterogeneous alternate code of group, obtain the amplitude ambiguity function value sequence that every group coding is corresponding;
(2f2) 2N amplitude ambiguity function value sequence translation n step (2f1) being obtained a strong alternate code chip width, n=1,2,3, ..., L-1, then the sequence after translation is multiplied each other with sequence corresponding before translation respectively, the range ambiguity function value sequence of n the every group coding in time delay place obtained;
(2f3) to the range ambiguity function value sequence at n time delay place of every group coding, use respectively the correction symbol of each code element of the corresponding group coding in n time delay place of symbol correction chart to revise, and to 2N revised range ambiguity function value sequence summation, obtain n the ambiguity function value sequence that each code element of time delay place is final.
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