CN104172174A - 一种防止电力露天作业中暑的制剂 - Google Patents
一种防止电力露天作业中暑的制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104172174A CN104172174A CN201410451738.XA CN201410451738A CN104172174A CN 104172174 A CN104172174 A CN 104172174A CN 201410451738 A CN201410451738 A CN 201410451738A CN 104172174 A CN104172174 A CN 104172174A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于防止电力露天作业中暑的制剂，由下述原料配比而得：丹参30份、山茱萸30份、荷叶30份、酸枣仁25份、乌梅25份、鱼腥草22份、熟地黄22份、麦冬20份、桂花20份、白芍20份、佩兰20份、蒲公英20份、茯苓18份、陈皮18份、远志18份、水菖蒲18份、瓜蒌15份、桑椹15份、凌霄花15份、覆盆子15份、玉竹10份、五味子10份、知母10份、巴戟天8份、车前草5份、甘草5份。诸药合用，相得益彰，对中暑治疗效果明显、稳定，应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健品技术领域，具体的，涉及一种用于防止电力露天作业中暑的制剂。
背景技术
盛夏时节，酷暑难耐，为确保夏季用电高峰期的正常供电，电力公司每年要投入大量的人力物力，对公用变压器负荷的测试调整，组织对供电区内的线路、设备进行多次巡视，对发现的隐患、缺陷、违章建筑物等会危及供电安全的隐患及时整改，山东省电力公司系统每年约2.5万员工在高温酷暑下、在户外、野外作业，为保全省电力供应而努力工作，露天作业的电力工人与三伏天的穿着格格不入，头戴安全帽，身穿长袖和长裤工作装，胳膊上戴着皮手套，衣领扣得严严实实，经常顶着酷暑，忍受烈日炙烤，在户外长时间高空作业，中暑是他们的家常便饭，中暑药也是他们的常备药，发现不适就马上服药，休息一下再顶上。
中暑是一种夏季常见的急症，是指在高温和热辐射的长时间作用下，机体体温调节障碍，水、电解质代谢紊乱及神经系统功能损害的症状的总称。当机体产热大于散热时，体内热蓄积，导致体温调节中枢失控，心功能减退，心输出量减少，中心静脉压升高，汗腺功能衰竭，使体内热量进一步蓄积，体温在短时间内骤升，当体温高于41.5℃时，高热对多器官、组织细胞膜及细胞内部结构造成损伤，细胞膜稳定性差，线粒体的氧化磷酸化作用发生障碍，氧依赖代谢途径遭破坏，导致组织缺氧，使组织毛细血管通透性增加、水肿，微循环障碍，水电解质酸碱紊乱，导致心、肺、脑、肾、肝等多脏器功能障碍。中暑的原因是非常多的，除了高温、烈日曝晒外，精神过度紧张、人员过于密集、工作强度过大、时间过长、睡眠不足、过度疲劳等均为常见的诱因。
中暑的程度可以分为三级：①先兆中暑。高温环境中，大量出汗、口渴、头昏、耳鸣、胸闷、心悸、恶心、四肢无力、注意力不集中，体温不超过37.5℃；②轻度中暑。具有先兆中暑的症状，同时体温在38.5℃以上，并伴有面色潮红、胸闷、皮肤灼热等现象；或者皮肤湿冷、呕吐、血压下降、脉搏细而快的情况；③重症中暑。除以上症状外，发生昏厥或痉挛；或不出汗，体温在40℃以上。大量含游离二氧化硅很高的粉尘吸入肺内，往往无法由呼吸道及时和完全清除。有时虽未出现中暑征象，但在脱离工作后经若干年再出现中暑，常称为″晚发性中暑″；早期中暑患者即使脱离粉尘工作，病情也会继续发展，如无合并症，患者可存活较长时间，但常丧失劳动能力。
目前急诊的治疗主要是针对继发症状进行处理，补水补液，重症肌肉注射氯丙嗪，祖国医学对中暑也已经有深入的研究，其属于“暑温”、“暑厥”范畴。暑温是指在夏季感受暑热病邪，初起以壮热、烦渴、汗出、脉洪大等阳明气分热盛证候为主要表现，病程中传变迅速，易伤津耗气，多闭窍动风之变的一种急性热病。暑温病的发生外因感受时令之暑热病邪，内因人体正气亏虚。暑为火邪，心为火脏，“暑气通于心”，故在暑热过程中，暑热每易内陷心营。此外，暑热之邪还可猝中心营而内闭心包，致猝然昏倒的“暑厥”，表现症状为灼热，烦躁、神志昏迷、猝然昏倒、不省人事，气粗如喘，牙关微紧，四肢抽搐，舌红绛、脉细数。夏季感受暑热病邪是引起中暑的外因，而正气不足则是导致外邪侵袭而发病的内因。夏季暑气当令，温度高、湿度大，人体若正气不足或劳累过度耗伤津气，暑热之气便可侵入人体而发病，临床上治疗中暑，应用益气生津作用的中药以治病求本，临床效果较好。
发明内容
本发明参考祖国医学对暑温病发病机理的认识以及治疗的宝贵经验，参阅已有合理组方，辨证论治，按照中国药典及药理配伍，推陈致新有所增益，辨证论治一直是中医药治疗疾病的核心理论，如何针对主要病机用药同时兼顾次要病机，兼顾共性与个性的治疗，从而最大程度体现中医治疗疾病的内涵与外延，是中成药配伍的一个现实难题。发明者通过对传统中药的研究，并结合辩证论证，多方收集众家之长，寻求最佳治疗方案，从祖国医学宝库中，筛选出益气生津、开窍降温的天然成分，按中医理论组方，提取精华，结合传统中医技术精心配制成本发明的用于中暑的制剂，相对于西药，效果明显，标本兼治。
为实现本发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种用于露天电力作业治疗中暑的制剂，其特征在于由下述重量配比的原料制备而得：
丹参30－35份、山茱萸30－35份、荷叶30－35份、酸枣仁25－30份、乌梅25－30份、
鱼腥草22－25份、熟地黄22－25份、麦冬20－22份、桂花20－22份、白芍20－22份、
佩兰20－22份、蒲公英20－22份、茯苓18－20份、陈皮18－20份、远志18－20份、
水菖蒲18－20份、瓜蒌15－18份、桑椹15－18份、凌霄花15－18份、覆盆子15－18份、玉竹10－15份、五味子10－15份、知母10－15份、巴戟天8－10份、车前草5－8份、
甘草5－8份。
本发明制剂的制备方法为：取上述重量份数的原料药(例如配比单位：克)制备胶囊，具体操作为：
1)称取各原料药，备用；
2）取丹参、荷叶、酸枣仁、乌梅、鱼腥草、熟地黄、麦冬、覆盆子、玉竹、五味子、知母、巴戟天加5倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮1小时，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加水，以没过滤渣为准，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮30分钟，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液，冷却后，浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏；80℃烘干后，粉碎成粉末，即为复合物A；
3）取剩余成分即：山茱萸、桂花、白芍、佩兰、蒲公英、茯苓、陈皮、远志、水菖蒲、瓜蒌、桑椹、凌霄花、车前草、甘草加70％乙醇浸泡1.5小时，提取两次，每次1-2小时，合并提取液，滤过，浓缩成相对密度为1.2的浸膏，干燥后粉碎，得复合物B；
4) 将复合物A、复合物B混合搅拌均匀，灭菌消毒制得胶囊剂产品，口服每次0.5g，一日两次。
本发明药物的组分均采用天然的中药原料，其配制简便，药源广泛，成本低廉，其遵循中医的处方用药原则，诸药合用，相得益彰，君臣佐使各施其效，可以有效达到治疗中暑之目的，经临床应用验证，其疗效显著可靠，药性平，应用前景广阔。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种用于露天电力作业治疗中暑的制剂，其特征在于由下述重量配比的原料制备而得：
丹参30份、山茱萸30份、荷叶30份、酸枣仁25份、乌梅25份、
鱼腥草22份、熟地黄22份、麦冬20份、桂花20份、白芍20份、
佩兰20份、蒲公英20份、茯苓18份、陈皮18份、远志18份、
水菖蒲18份、瓜蒌15份、桑椹15份、凌霄花15份、覆盆子15份、
玉竹10份、五味子10份、知母10份、巴戟天8份、车前草5份、
甘草5份。
本发明的药物组合物其制备方法为：取上述重量份数的原料药(例如配比单位：克)制备胶囊，具体操作为：
1)称取各原料药，备用；
2）取丹参、荷叶、酸枣仁、乌梅、鱼腥草、熟地黄、麦冬、覆盆子、玉竹、五味子、知母、巴戟天加5倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮1小时，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加水，以没过滤渣为准，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮30分钟，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液，冷却后，浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏；80℃烘干后，粉碎成粉末，即为复合物A；
3）取剩余成分即：山茱萸、桂花、白芍、佩兰、蒲公英、茯苓、陈皮、远志、水菖蒲、瓜蒌、桑椹、凌霄花、车前草、甘草加70％乙醇浸泡1.5小时，提取两次，每次1-2小时，合并提取液，滤过，浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏，干燥后粉碎，得复合物B；
4) 将复合物A、复合物B混合搅拌均匀，灭菌消毒制得胶囊剂产品，口服每次0.5g，一日两次。
实施例2
一种用于露天电力作业治疗中暑的制剂，其特征在于由下述重量配比的原料制备而得：
丹参35份、山茱萸35份、荷叶35份、酸枣仁30份、乌梅30份、
鱼腥草25份、熟地黄25份、麦冬22份、桂花22份、白芍22份、
佩兰22份、蒲公英22份、茯苓20份、陈皮20份、远志20份、
水菖蒲20份、瓜蒌18份、桑椹18份、凌霄花18份、覆盆子18份、
玉竹15份、五味子15份、知母15份、巴戟天10份、车前草8份、
甘草8份。
本发明的药物组合物其制备方法为：取上述重量份数的原料药(例如配比单位：克)制备胶囊，具体操作为：
1)称取各原料药，备用；
2）取丹参、荷叶、酸枣仁、乌梅、鱼腥草、熟地黄、麦冬、覆盆子、玉竹、五味子、知母、巴戟天加5倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮1小时，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加水，以没过滤渣为准，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮30分钟，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液，冷却后，浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏；80℃烘干后，粉碎成粉末，即为复合物A；
3）取剩余成分即：山茱萸、桂花、白芍、佩兰、蒲公英、茯苓、陈皮、远志、水菖蒲、瓜蒌、桑椹、凌霄花、车前草、甘草加70％乙醇浸泡1.5小时，提取两次，每次1-2小时，合并提取液，滤过，浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏，干燥后粉碎，得复合物B；
4) 将复合物A、复合物B混合搅拌均匀，灭菌消毒制得胶囊剂产品，口服每次0.5g，一日两次。
实施例3
毒性实验
本实验采用健康SD大鼠，口服给药实施例1制备的药物制剂，连续给药30天，经观察大鼠给药期间及停药后1周之内动物生长状态、活动饮食、血液学、血液生化学、脏器组织结构以及尿常规等均无明显影响，表明临床用药安全可靠。
实施例4
临床资料
将符合诊断的90例中暑患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各45例。两组患者年龄、性别、病情轻重等方面比较均无显著差异，具有可比性。
病例入选标准：符合中华人民共和国国家卫生标准(GB 11508-1989)《中暑诊断标准及处理原则》；有高温环境接触史，体温≥40℃并排除其他原因引起的体温升高，具有中暑的各项临床症状，以上病例均没有出现重症中暑症状。
治疗方法：对照组口服藿香正气水，每天2次；治疗组口服实施例1制备的药物，口服每次0.5g，一日两次。
疗效判定标准：根据国家中医药管理局制定的中医内科病症诊断疗效标准制定。
治愈：症状及体征消失，精神恢复。好转：症状及体征基本消失，体力未能完全恢复。未愈：症状无改善或恶化显效：
统计学处理：采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行数据处理，计量资料以均数±标准差 表示，采用t检验，计数资料采用x2检验。
结果：
临床疗效比较，采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行统计学数据处理，数据见表1：
表1
| 组别 | 例数 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率 |
| 治疗组 | 45 | 30 | 12 | 3 | 93.3% |
| 对照组 | 45 | 19 | 13 | 13 | 71.1％ |
另外，通过研究发现本发明制剂治疗重症中暑，较常规治疗时退热、催醒、多脏器功能障碍恢复更快，治愈率更高，且未见不良反应，故治疗重症中暑，本发明制剂不失为一种疗效佳、安全的选择。
以上列举的仅是本发明的最佳具体实施例。显然，本发明不限于以上实施例，还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于露天电力作业治疗中暑的制剂，其特征在于，所述制剂由下述重量份的原料制备而得：
丹参30份、山茱萸30份、荷叶30份、酸枣仁25份、乌梅25份、
鱼腥草22份、熟地黄22份、麦冬20份、桂花20份、白芍20份、
佩兰20份、蒲公英20份、茯苓18份、陈皮18份、远志18份、
水菖蒲18份、瓜蒌15份、桑椹15份、凌霄花15份、覆盆子15份、
玉竹10份、五味子10份、知母10份、巴戟天8份、车前草5份、
甘草5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的制剂，其特征在于，所述制剂按照如下方法制备而成：
1) 按照重量份称取各原料，备用；
2）取丹参、荷叶、酸枣仁、乌梅、鱼腥草、熟地黄、麦冬、覆盆子、玉竹、五味子、知母、巴戟天，加5倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮1小时，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加水，以没过滤渣为准，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮30分钟，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液，冷却后，浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏；80℃烘干后，粉碎成粉末，即为复合物A；
3）取剩余原料，加70％乙醇浸泡1.5小时，然后提取两次，每次1-2小时，合并提取液，滤过，浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏，干燥后粉碎，得复合物B；
4) 将复合物A、复合物B混合搅拌均匀，灭菌消毒即得。
3.权利要求1－2所述的制剂用于中暑的用途。
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| CN101874891A (zh) * | 2010-04-26 | 2010-11-03 | 泰一和浦（北京）中医药研究院有限公司 | 一种治疗心悸的中药组合物及其制备方法 |
| CN102078480A (zh) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-06-01 | 成进学 | 纳米元素中药负离子远红外抗电磁波的益寿药酒 |
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| CN101716000A (zh) * | 2009-11-20 | 2010-06-02 | 深圳市唤然生物科技开发有限公司 | 一种中药保健液及其制备方法 |
| CN101874891A (zh) * | 2010-04-26 | 2010-11-03 | 泰一和浦（北京）中医药研究院有限公司 | 一种治疗心悸的中药组合物及其制备方法 |
| CN102078480A (zh) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-06-01 | 成进学 | 纳米元素中药负离子远红外抗电磁波的益寿药酒 |
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