CN1041641A - 互锁多个元件的组合棒结构及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
至少由按结构的纵向平行延伸的外元件和内元件(2、3)组成的,并互锁地在接合面处机械连接的组合棒结构(1)是这样制造的:在内元件(3)的整个接合面上形成许多凸台(5),制备管状的容易包围住内元件的外元件(2),把这些元件相对定位,按套筒状把内元件放在外元件的里面,将收缩压力施加到外元件上,使它经受塑性变形并减少直径,因此,凸台咬入外元件的内表面,于是这些元件被紧密结合构成整体组合棒结构。
Description
一般来说,本发明涉及互锁多个元件的组合结构,更具体地说,涉及不同形状棒状制品的技术领域,每个棒状制品是通过把至少一个外元件和一个内元件机械地连接成一个组合结构的方法成形的,这种结构的实例是:机械装置和设备零件的螺杆支座或垫圈和密封圈;管状构件;例如用于建筑基础的钢管桩;以及具有圆形、角形或H-形横截面的柱形结构部件。
更确切地说,本发明与互锁多个元件的组合棒结构有关,例如,每一根棒结构包括铝合金的管状外元件和金属(例如钢)的柱状内元件或芯子,外元件和内元件相配合的接合面处,以互锁的方式机械地连接起来,以便产生整体棒结构。本发明进一步涉及生产这种棒结构的方法。更具体地说,该方法包括:用力把管状外元件相对于内元件叠装在一起,而在内元件的纵向和圆周方向的表面上配置有许多凸台,这些凸台是通过加工,例如滚轧加工方法整体形成的,因此,内元件上的凸台与外元件内壁表面上形成的对应凹槽互锁地结合,构成组合棒结构。
因此,外元件和内元件能用塑性变形的方法连接,例如,以套筒的形式把内元件放在管状的外元件中,通过模具利用拉伸或挤压的方法,使外元件的直径收缩,或使内元件产生径向扩胀。
众所周知,吸收振动和振荡的功能性弹簧装置被广泛应用于各种机器的机构中。为了夹持住这种弹簧装置,使用弹簧座或夹持器。而螺杆或螺栓座,例如垫圈也被用于防止螺杆或螺栓的松动。同样,密封圈及其类似物被广泛应用。在市政工程和建筑领域中,为在软地面上构建建筑物以及类似的建筑结构,需要基础桩。为确保这种基础桩的足够强度和寿命,尤其是要保证长期使用时的抗腐触性,则使用所谓的钢管桩及其类似物。
这些金属构件和结构部件制品,随着时间的推移,由于冲击、振动或热效应而变形,通常容易产生缺陷。为了避免这些材料的功能特性由于时间的变迁而产生的变化,有趋向增加使用多个元件的组合棒结构,这种组合棒结构是通过把不同材料的外元件和内元件整体连接起来,分别适应于它们各自的特性,例如机械强度和抗腐蚀性等。通过诸如胀压连接和收缩装配,把这些外元件和内元件连接起来。
然而,按照公知的连接方法,在外元件和内元件之间的接合面处的连接,是冶金接合或光滑地压力连接。因此,在长时间或在大负荷的重复的热作用下,外元件和内元件的纵向或圆周方向上,就能发生滑动,由此,该结构就不再能完成原来设计的功能。此外,在生产这些公知的结构时,需要进行许多加工工序,并且这些工序的控制和管理是相当复杂的。因之,这些公知结构的产品成本是高的。
本发明的目的是要克服上述缺点,这些问题是在诸如螺杆支座和垫圈、弹簧夹持座以及钢管桩等的组合棒结构制品的有关现有技术中所遇到的,并且,本发明提供把多个元件互锁在一起的改进的棒结构的生产方法。改进的棒结构能以低的成本生产,低的成本包括低的劳动成本,其中能充分地有利地利用多个元件的各自特性。按照提供的生产这些棒结构的方法,随着时间的流逝,生产出的每一棒结构的原始性能和功能保持不变。
由此,本发明的一个方面是提供一种组合棒结构,这种组合棒结构至少包括一个外元件和一个内元件,这些元件在该结构的纵向平行延伸,并且在接合面处机械地连接在一起,这是通过把在一个元件的纵向和圆周方向上整体形成的多个凸台,分别与另一个元件上的接合面处全部扩胀形成的凹槽而互锁构成的。在组合棒结构的特殊形式中,每一个凸台的末端有一个向外伸出的头部,这种向外伸出的头部互锁地装配进另一个元件中的对应凹槽里,因此,在被连接的元件之间就获得了紧固连接。
本发明的另一方面是提供了一种生产组合棒结构的方法,这种组合棒结构至少包括在该结构的纵向平行延伸的外元件和内元件,并在它们之间接合面处机械地连接在一起。该方法包括:在内元件的表面纵向和圆周方向上,整体地形成多个凸台(或形成凹槽),制备管状外元件使之能容易地包围住内元件,以套筒的状态把内元件和外元件相互定位,将内元件放在外元件里,并且在外元件上施加以收缩压力,使它经受塑性变形并减小直径,导致凸台或凹槽分别与凹槽或凸台互锁地结合起来,由此,内元件和外元件被牢固地连接起来,以形成整体组合棒结构。
通过下面关于本发明最佳实施例的详述,并结合附图,将会更清楚地理解本发明的特性、效用和进一步的特征。现简要说明如下:
附图中:
图1是本发明组合棒结构的一个实施例的横截面图;
图2和图3分别是沿图1中Ⅱ-Ⅱ和Ⅲ-Ⅲ线表示的平面的纵向截面图;
图4是本发明组合棒结构的另一实施例的横截面图;
图5是图4中所示结构的纵向截面图;
图6和图7是透视图,它们分别表示组合棒结构的实践形式的实施例;
图8到图15是横截面图,分别表示本发明组合棒结构的其它实施例;
图16是侧视图,它表示用平面模具轧制内元件,表面上形成凸台的工艺过程;
图17是垂直于图16的平面视图,其中一个模具已移走;
图18是侧视图,它表明用平面模具轧制在其凸台上带有伸出部分的内元件的工艺过程;
图19是垂直于图18的平面视图;
图20是沿图18中ⅩⅩ-ⅩⅩ线表示的平面的轴向截面图;
图21是已经被轧制形成凸台的内元件的端视图;
图22和23分别是沿图21中Ⅻ-Ⅻ线和ⅩⅢ-ⅩⅢ线表示的平面的轴向截面图;
图24是一个侧视图,它表示轧制内元件上带有伸出部分的凸台的生产过程;
图25是垂直于图24的平面视图;
图26是沿图24中由ⅩⅩⅥ-ⅩⅩⅥ线表示的平面的轴向截面图;
图27是将要被插进外元件中的内元件轴向截面图;
图28是同一内元件的部分透视图;
图29是同一内元件的横截面图;
图30是一个轴向截面图,它表示以套筒状态安装在内元件周围的外元件;
图31是同一外元件的横截面图;
图32是一个轴向截面图,它表示在图30中所示的外元件正在被通过模具拉伸而引起塑性变形,以及相对于图27、28和29中所示的内元件径向收缩的情况;
图33是用图32中所示的工艺方法已被制成整体结构的组合棒结构的横截面图;
图34是具有末端伸出头部凸台的内元件的轴向截面图;
图35是安装在图34中所示的在内元件周围的外元件的轴向截面图;
图36是一个轴向截面图,它表示在图35中所示的外元件正在被拉伸通过模具而引起塑性变形和相对于在图34中所示的内元件的径向收缩情况。
如在图1、2和3中所示,互锁两个部件的组和棒结构1构成本发明的基本实施例,並能被用于象机器和设备的各种转子轴那样的零件。结构1包括:由铝合金制造的管状的外元件2,和与其互锁的钢制内元件或芯子3。通过从芯子3的整个圆柱形表面上辐射並形成的许多类似柱状的凸台5,与外元件2的内壁表面形成的许多凹槽分4紧密结合而使元件2和3机械地整体连接起来。
因此,当这种互锁两个部件的棒结构1被用作旋转轴或主轴时,在运行期间,在它的轴线方向和圆周方向上,它具有高的抗振荡和振动性能。所以就不可能有滑动、剪断、变形或其他不良效果发生。
如在图4和5所示的上述实施例的修改方案中,从芯子3的整个圆柱形表面径向朝外伸出的凸台5a,5a…,其外端各自都具有T-形的头部,它们构成深深地卡进外元件2的内表面部分的伸出部分。按照这种互锁方式,最后得到的整体结构11具有高的抵抗在直径方向上的滑动、剪断和变形的能力;滑动、剪断和变形是由于温度变化时的热膨胀而引起的。
图6所示的实施例说明本发明的一个实践的方式,其中,上面描述的棒结构1或11被切成片状的具有孔31的指定长度的圆柱体或环12,它们用作螺杆座或垫圈。在图7所示的实施例中,外元件和内元件13、32的结合是反过来的,内元件由铝合金制造。该结构适用于机器塞件中的密封圈。
图8说明一个实施例,其中棒结构14呈方形截面的柱形。该棒结构14包含一个方形截面的管状的铝合金外元件2a,和一个互锁并同轴地安装在外元件2a中的方形柱状内元件或芯子3a。通过芯子3a的许多凸台5,5,…分别与外元件2a中相应的凹槽4,4,…机械地互锁的方法,把两元件2a和3a紧密地且整体地连续在一起,这类似于前述的实施例。因此,防止了在这两个元件之间的相对滑动、剪断或变形。
在图9中说明的本发明另一实践形式中,棒结构15具有角形横截面,其中外元件2a和内芯子3a具有L-形横截面。与前述的实施例类似,通过芯子3a的凸台5,5,…与外元件2a中对应的凹槽4,4,…机械地互锁起来,把外元件2a和内元件3a紧密地且整体地结合在一起。
在如图10中所示的另一种实践方式中,棒结构16呈H-梁形,它包含有外元件2a和芯子3a,用类似于上述实施例的方法,通过凸台5,5,…与凹槽的互锁,把2a和3a机械地结合起来。在图11所示的另一实践形式中,棒结构16a包含花状外形的轮廓横截面的铝制的外元件2a和圆形横截面的钢制芯子3a,与前述实施例类似的方法互锁地结合在一起。上述的以及图8至图11中所示的棒结构适于各种不同的用途,例如,用作建筑结构和基础桩的结构部件。
图12和图13说明把本发明应用于管状棒结构17和18,它们的横截面分别是圆形或方形的外形,纵向延伸的中空的里面形状分别是圆形和方形横截面。这些结构也包含外元件2a和内元件或芯子3b,它们用前述实施例中的类似方法整体地结合在一起。
本发明应用的另外的实施例如图14和图15所示。棒结构19和20的外元件2b,其横截面都是圆的外形。棒结构19的芯子3b为三角形的横截面,而棒结构20的芯子包含两个分隔开的且平行的内元件3c,每一个3c的横截面呈矩形。无论是棒结构19还是棒结构20,其外元件和芯子都用上述实施例的方法整体地结合在一起。
上述的把两个元件互锁起来的棒结构,是按下述方法生产的,参照图16至图36。
首先,如图16至图20所示,圆形截面的圆柱形内元件或芯子元件3,在平面滚模23和24之间被滚轧,在平面滚模的工作面上具有纵向的沟槽21和稍微有些倾斜的横向沟槽22,因此,在芯子元件3的圆柱形表面上以螺旋成形的方法,形成柱状凸台5,5,…。
按上面所述的方式形成的芯子元件3具有在凸台5之间形成的沟槽25,如图21和22所示。然后,借助平面模具装置23a,通过施以压制和加压作用到芯子3上的所有凸台5的末端,平面模具23a带有光滑的工作面,如图24和图25所示,采用滚轧的方法就能生产出具有凸台51的芯子元件31,凸台51的末端上带有T-形的伸出来的头部。采用挤压工艺或拉模工艺也能生产内芯子3-31。
然后,按上述的方式将内芯子3或31机械地结合到管状外元件2中,以形成一种如下述的整体棒结构。
制备图30和31中所示的管状外元件2的内径,按指定的许可限度大于图27、28和29中所示的包含凸台5,5,…在内的芯子3的外径。然后如图32和33中所示,将外元件2和芯子3以相对叠加或套筒状方式放置,并通过合适的模具设备,例如挤压辊,从外向内挤压外元件2,进而挤压芯子3的外表面,由此产生塑性变形和使直径缩小。结果芯子3的凸台5被紧紧地嵌入到外元件2的内壁表面,如图33中所示,因此,两元件互锁地结合成如图1、2和3中所示的整体棒结构。
在形成具有凸台51的内芯子31的情况下,凸台51的末端带有伸出的头部,该芯子31和外元件2相互置放成叠加状态,外元件的内径以指定的许可限度大于图34和35中所示凸台51的总外径。然后,如图36中所示,用夹持器21夹住外元件2的一端,并按箭头的方向拉伸,使外元件2通过固定模具22,并因此承受塑性变形,使其径向收缩,于是相对于芯子31施加挤压动作。结果迫使凸台51,51,…咬入外元件2的内表面,于是元件2和31被机械地连接成如图4和图5中所示的整体棒结构。
上述加工过程能用于生产图8至图15所示的各种类型的棒结构。上述的本发明有关棒结构的实施例中,每个棒结构包括整体地连接在一起的两个元件,很显然,本发明原理同样可运用于包含两个以上元件的棒结构。另外,在用机械的方法迫使外元件在径向方向上对着内元件或芯子元件进行收缩的工序以前,为防止电解(电流)的腐蚀,适宜的工业粘合剂或抗腐蚀剂可涂敷于将要沿着它们交界面互锁结合的两个元件的各自表面上。
由于本发明棒结构的构造,其中外元件和芯子元件以互锁的方式已结合起来,形成一个如上述的整体结构,所以这种棒结构适于广泛的应用范围,例如螺杆或螺栓垫圈、密封圈以及建造作业的钢管桩。本发明的棒结构的优良特征是:具有强的抗形变能力,此形变由于使用期间的振动、振荡或热效应,而在外元件和内元件之间产生圆周方向或纵向上的相对滑动。这样,此种棒结构的原始性能或功能可以随着时间的流逝而无限期地保持下去。本发明具有的另外优点是:上述的制造这种棒结构的生产过程,比公知的生产过程,例如爆炸成形或爆炸压力装配和收缩装配所需要的制作工艺时间(工时)较少。此外,实现这种制作工艺过程只需较低的成本就能生产出外元件和内元件之间具有较牢固连接的产品。
Claims (10)
1、一种至少包含一个外元件(2)和一个内元件(3)的组合棒结构,所说的元件在结构的纵向平行延伸,并在元件之间的接合面处机械地结合在一起,这是通过把在一个元件的纵向和圆周方向上整体形成的许多凸台(5)分别与另一元件的里面形成的凹槽(4),在所说接合面处进行整体扩胀而互锁在一起实现的。
2、一种如权利要求1中所述的组合棒结构(11),其特征是每一凸台(5a)的末端处有伸出来的头部,而相应的凹槽(4)具有对应的形状,因此在元件之间获得紧密的连接。
3、一种如权利要求1中所述的组合棒结构,其特征是内元件(3)呈实心棒形状。
4、一种如权利要求1中所述的组合棒结构,其特征是内元件呈管状(32)。
5、一种如权利要求1中所述的组合棒结构,其特征是内元件至少包含二个隔开的平行的棒材(3c)。
6、一种生产组合棒结构的方法,这种组合棒结构至少由一个外元件和一个内元件组成,外元件和内元件按结构的纵向平行延伸,在接合面处机械地连接在一起,所说的方法包括下列步骤:
在内元件的纵向和圆周方向的表面上,整体地形成许多凸台或者凹槽;
制备管状的能容易地包围住内元件的外元件,把这些元件相对地定位,按套筒形状将内元件放在外元件中;
将收缩压力作用到外元件上,使它经受塑性变形和缩小直径,导致使凸台或凹槽分别与凹槽或凸台互锁地结合,由此这些元件被紧密地连接起来,形成整体的组合棒结构。
7、一种如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征是,把外元件拉伸通过拉模而施加所说的收缩压力,外元件中带有以套筒形式放入的内元件。
8、一种如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征是内元件带有的凸台或凹槽是用滚轧工艺形成的。
9、一种如权利要求6中所述的方法,其特征是内元件上带有的凸台或凹槽是用挤压工艺形成的。
10、一种如权利要求6中所述的方法,其特征是内元件上带有的凸台和凹槽是用模具拉伸工艺形成的。
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JP173921/88 | 1988-07-14 | ||
JP63173921A JPH0736925B2 (ja) | 1988-07-14 | 1988-07-14 | 複層結合棒状体及びその製造方法 |
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CN1041641A true CN1041641A (zh) | 1990-04-25 |
CN1016455B CN1016455B (zh) | 1992-04-29 |
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CN89106413A Expired CN1016455B (zh) | 1988-07-14 | 1989-07-14 | 互锁多个元件的组合棒结构及其制造方法 |
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US (1) | US5075175A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0350927B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH0736925B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR930005271B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1016455B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU612051B2 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE68907281T2 (zh) |
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CN102141065A (zh) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-08-03 | 颜永年 | 板柱键 |
CN108895214A (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-27 | 中山莱通金属科技有限公司 | 多腔金属管及加工方法 |
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US5040588A (en) * | 1988-11-10 | 1991-08-20 | Lanxide Technology Company, Lp | Methods for forming macrocomposite bodies and macrocomposite bodies produced thereby |
ATE119510T1 (de) * | 1990-05-09 | 1995-03-15 | Lanxide Technology Co Ltd | Makro-verbundkörper und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung. |
DE9015416U1 (zh) * | 1990-11-09 | 1991-01-24 | Oesterreichische Doka Schalungstechnik Gesellschaft Mbh, Amstetten, At | |
DE19527125A1 (de) * | 1995-07-25 | 1997-01-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbindung eines Einsatzteils mit einem rohrartigen Teil mittels Bördelung |
US5681661A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1997-10-28 | Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College | High aspect ratio, microstructure-covered, macroscopic surfaces |
AU3426697A (en) | 1996-02-09 | 1997-08-28 | Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College, The | High aspect ratio, microstructure-covered, macroscopic surfaces |
WO1999019271A1 (de) * | 1997-10-13 | 1999-04-22 | Ceramtec Ag Innovative Ceramic Engineering | Verfahren zur erhöhung der verschleissbeständigkeit eines werkstückes |
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-
1988
- 1988-07-14 JP JP63173921A patent/JPH0736925B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-07-10 KR KR1019890009792A patent/KR930005271B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-12 US US07/378,617 patent/US5075175A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-13 EP EP89112865A patent/EP0350927B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-13 AU AU38098/89A patent/AU612051B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-07-13 DE DE89112865T patent/DE68907281T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (3)
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CN102141065A (zh) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-08-03 | 颜永年 | 板柱键 |
CN102141065B (zh) * | 2010-01-28 | 2016-03-23 | 昆山永年先进制造技术有限公司 | 板柱键 |
CN108895214A (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-27 | 中山莱通金属科技有限公司 | 多腔金属管及加工方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU612051B2 (en) | 1991-06-27 |
EP0350927A3 (en) | 1990-10-17 |
KR900001933A (ko) | 1990-02-27 |
JPH0736925B2 (ja) | 1995-04-26 |
DE68907281T2 (de) | 1994-01-27 |
JPH0225218A (ja) | 1990-01-26 |
EP0350927B1 (en) | 1993-06-23 |
KR930005271B1 (ko) | 1993-06-17 |
EP0350927A2 (en) | 1990-01-17 |
US5075175A (en) | 1991-12-24 |
DE68907281D1 (de) | 1993-07-29 |
CN1016455B (zh) | 1992-04-29 |
AU3809889A (en) | 1990-01-18 |
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