CN104162358A - Method for synchronous desulphurization, denitration dedusting and emission reduction of carbon dioxide by fire coal and flue gas - Google Patents

Method for synchronous desulphurization, denitration dedusting and emission reduction of carbon dioxide by fire coal and flue gas Download PDF

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CN104162358A
CN104162358A CN201410329675.0A CN201410329675A CN104162358A CN 104162358 A CN104162358 A CN 104162358A CN 201410329675 A CN201410329675 A CN 201410329675A CN 104162358 A CN104162358 A CN 104162358A
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carbon dioxide
gas
flue gas
reduction
carbon
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周理
周亚平
苏伟
孙艳
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Tianjin University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/151Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for synchronous desulphurization, denitration dedusting and emission reduction of carbon dioxide by fire coal and flue gas, which comprises the following steps: cyclone dust collection, heating by flue gas, reduction by carbon for desulphurization and denitration, two-grade cooling for recovering sulphur, dedusting, collecting, heating of carbon dioxide and reduction. According to the invention, desulphurization and denitration treatment are simple and thoroughly, collection cost of carbon dioxide is reduced, and no secondary pollutant is generated, the byproduct has good market value, and zero discharge is realized. According to the invention, individual desulphurization and denitration treatment can be avoided, separating cost of carbon dioxide is reduced, cost and risk of transhipment and burying of carbon dioxide can be avoided, the produced CO is a C1 chemical important raw material, and the method has good economic benefit.

Description

The dedusting of coal-fired flue-gas synchronized desulfuring and denitrifying and reducing emission of carbon dioxide method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of purifying coal-fired flue gas method, specifically the dedusting of coal-fired flue-gas synchronized desulfuring and denitrifying and reducing emission of carbon dioxide method.By the present invention, can make the coal-burning boilers such as generating, heating not to airborne release sulphur and nitrogen oxide and finely ground particles, also can accomplish not discharge carbon dioxide, not produce secondary pollution, accessory substance all has market value.
Background technology
China's the earth is often shrouded by haze.The generation of haze is relevant with China energy resource structure.The coal-fired electric power of China approaches 80%, and this situation can not have radical change in the short time.Coal is also main energy sources in the whole world.The electric power in the world about 41% is that coal provides at present, to the electric proportion of the year two thousand thirty whole world coal, will be 44%.Yet coal is again the fuel that causes severe contamination.Coal burning flue gas sulfur-bearing and nitrogen oxide, finely ground particles and great amount of carbon dioxide, cause acid rain, haze and unusual weather conditions.Statistics according to 2007, China's generating consumes 1,400,000,000 tons of coals, approximately discharge 24.3 hundred million tons of carbon dioxide, expectation the year two thousand thirty, coal fire discharged carbon dioxide likely reached 17,300,000,000 tons [http: // 1st-ecofriendlyplanet.com/02/ coal-fired-power-plants/].According to 2009 07 month 28 days " Maeil Business Newspaper ", the coal-fired environmental loss 87,000,000,000 that China Shi great electricity power group is annual.The excessive discharge of carbon dioxide will change the ecological environment of the earth, and therefore solving CO2 emission problem has also become the strong request of global range.
For the treating method of pollution that caused by coal burning, be that acid gas discharge and CO2 emission are considered respectively at present.Thermal power plant adopts so-called clean coal technology to reduce the discharge of sour gas.About clean coal technology, have lot of documents report, but substantially can be divided into wet method and dry method, practical application be take wet method as main.Except other problem, this method produces a large amount of gypsum and causes secondary pollution.No matter be that method, all can not accomplish that 100% removes, more can not prevent the discharge of fine dust simultaneously, and cost of electricity-generating is at least doubled.
Reduction of discharging about carbon dioxide, although proposed CCS (carbon capture and storage, the trapping of carbon dioxide with bury) strategy, but not yet at technological layer, implemented at present, because CCS strategy is unpractical [referring to Zhou in essence, L. (2012) Carbon emission:Invalid strategy and ecological rule. Low Carbon Economy, 3A, 80-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/lce.2012.323011].Administering sour gas has made thermal power generation cost double, the least cost of capturing carbon dioxide is also equivalent to coal price to double, therefore power plant can not put into practice, even if the carbon dioxide of still more power plant being discharged all trap the growing trends that also can not change CO2 emission total amount, because concentrated discharge capacity is less than half of CO2 emission total amount.For take the fine dust that PM2.5 is representative, there is no effective technological means.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide the dedusting of a kind of coal-fired flue-gas synchronized desulfuring and denitrifying and reducing emission of carbon dioxide method.Contain heat up for the first time separation and the reduction of secondary carbon of (being no more than 745 ℃) and carbon reduction reaction (simultaneously realizing desulfurization and denitration) for the first time, classification cooling (realize sulphur, water is separated with dust), carbon dioxide of flue gas and (realize CO 2the transformation completely to CO) step such as, thus realize the method for zero-emission.The present invention has not only avoided independent desulphurization and denitration to process, and has also reduced the separation costs of carbon dioxide, has avoided the transhipment of carbon dioxide and has buried cost and risk.The CO of output is a carbonizer important source material, has good economic benefit.The present invention likely greatly reduces the environmental protection cost in thermal power plant, and can meet the demand of the industry carbon emission reductions such as generating, cement, iron and steel and oil refining.
In order not make dust, acid gas and carbon dioxide in coal-fired flue-gas enter atmosphere.For this reason, first adopt cyclone separator to remove dust more big and heavy in flue gas, then the flue gas that obtains preliminary purification is passed into heater, heter temperature is from boiler exhaust temperature to 745 ℃.The combustion product of coal is mainly steam and carbon dioxide.If coal sulfur-bearing or adopt high-temperature oxygen-enriched burning, contains a small amount of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide in tail gas.These gas oxygen compounds all can be reduced, and without by catalyst.Wherein the reduction reaction of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide is heat release, but the reaction that steam and carbon dioxide are reduced by carbon is the endothermic reaction.By the conversion ratio that under calculating different temperatures, steam and carbon dioxide react with carbon, under the temperature conditions of boiler exhaust temperature to 745 ℃, although steam and carbon dioxide still can not fully transform, the reducing atmosphere producing can make sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide be reduced to sulphur (steam) and nitrogen completely.It is cooling that hot flue gas after desulphurization denitration is processed carries out classification.Because the boiling point of sulphur is 444.6 ℃, if below flue gas is cooled to 400 ℃, on steam adiabatic condensation temperature, can be by sulphur and gas phase separation.The flue gas of isolating sulphur is cooled to below 100 ℃ again, can makes water vapour condensation, the fine dust of carrying secretly is separated together simultaneously in gas phase.The main component of remaining flue gas is nitrogen and carbon dioxide, first collecting carbonic anhydride is got off (for capture method, the present invention does not advise), make its volume drop to 1/10 of initial flue gas, again it is warming up to 900-955 ℃ and charcoal generation reduction reaction, carbon dioxide is converted into carbon monoxide completely.The carbon monoxide market price producing is about the octuple of hydrogen, be the raw material of the goods such as chemical synthesis methanol, fertilizer, plastics, fiber, and they normally be take natural gas and prepare as raw material, thereby have realized zero-emission.
The step that a kind of coal-fired flue-gas synchronized desulfuring and denitrifying provided by the invention dedusting and reducing emission of carbon dioxide method mainly comprise is: intensification and the reduction of cyclone dust removal, flue gas intensification, the denitration of charcoal reduction and desulfurization, the cooling Recovered sulphur of two-stage, water dedusting, capturing carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide:
1) cyclone dust removal: the flue gas of discharging from boiler is taken off more big and heavy dust through cyclone separator.
2) tail gas heats up: the flue gas after preliminary purification enters heater, makes its temperature remain on boiler exhaust temperature to 745 ℃ scope.
3) charcoal reduction and desulfurization denitration: flue gas, in the gas solid reactor of filling carbon granule, reduction reaction occurs, and part steam and partial CO 2 are wherein reduced to hydrogen and carbon monoxide, make the SO in flue gas 2and NO xbe reduced to steam and the nitrogen of elemental sulfur completely.The main chemical reactions occurring in reduction process is as follows:
CO 2+C=2CO (1)
H 2O+C=CO+H 2 (2)
SO 2 + 2CO = 2CO 2 + S (3)
NO 2 + CO = NO + CO 2  (4)
2NO+2C=2CO+N 2 (5)
SO 2+2H 2=2H 2O+S (6)
2NO+2H 2=2H 2O+N 2 (7)
4) the cooling Recovered sulphur of two-stage and dedusting: from gas solid reactor flue gas out, enter first order cooler, below being cooled to 400 ℃, more than 200 ℃, isolate sulphur, enter again second-stage cooler, be cooled to below 100 ℃, water condensation gets off, and fine dust is carried secretly by water as condensation center.
5) capturing carbon dioxide: isolate carbon dioxide from the flue gas that approaches normal temperature mainly being formed by nitrogen and carbon dioxide; Because flue gas volume now has reduced approximately 1/10, and gas concentration lwevel brings up to 1/9, and its trapping cost must have corresponding reduction.
6) carbon dioxide of separating heated up and fully reduce, condition is 900-955 ℃.Make carbon dioxide be converted into carbon monoxide completely.
If adopt heat exchanger network technology [Townsend D.W. and Linnhoff B. Surface area targets for heat exchanger networks. I Chem E. 11 thannual Res. Meeting. April 1984, Bath-UK.] can improve the thermal efficiency of whole process.
Sulphur and carbon monoxide gas as accessory substance are all the products that have fine market value.The charcoal that reduction reaction is used, can come from coal, also can come from and comprise the living beings of agricultural wastes or rubbish that can charing.By catalysis carbonization, produce inorganic charcoal and fuel gas, only produce and produce on a small quantity or not tar [referring to Yaping Zhou et al. Experimental Studies on FeO/Fe 3o 4cycle Complemented with Carbon Gasification for Producing Hydrogen. Energy & Fuels, 2013,27 (7) 4071-4076].
The method proposing according to the present invention, in boiler exhaust temperature to 745 oin the temperature range of C, with charcoal, process the rear flue gas of combustion, SO 2and NO xsimultaneously and be all converted into harmless sulphur steam and nitrogen, then cooling by two-stage, trap respectively sulphur, water and fine dust.Although document was in the past reported catalytic reduction and was removed the method for sour gas, completely different from our method.Due to SO 2and NO xdifferent from the reaction mechanism of reducing agent, remove SO 2or NO xused catalyst is different, therefore generally the two can not be taken off simultaneously, more can not reduce discharging fine dust.Although we process the method for sour gas, also relate to reduction reaction, completely without catalyst, can make SO 2and NO xreact simultaneously and react completely.Do the research of reducing agent reduction sour gas with former employing coal or charcoal and compare, our reaction temperature is low.At this temperature, water and carbon dioxide all not exclusively transform, but they have been formed enough strong reducing atmosphere by hydrogen and carbon monoxide that partial reduction produced, make SO 2and NO xfully reduced.The present invention adopts two-stage cooling processing, difference Recovered sulphur, water, and trap fine dust, completely different with other processing method.
The method of using the present invention to propose can reduce the trapping cost of carbon dioxide and realize it and transforms completely, has avoided cost of wheeling and storage risk.Through the cooled flue gas of two-stage, due to the steam of having removed as burning primary product, making flue gas volume reduce steam and carbon dioxide in 1/10(flue gas is equimolar ratio substantially), gas concentration lwevel is increased to 1/9, therefore, the trapping cost of carbon dioxide is compared remarkable reduction with direct trapping.As for the method for trapping, not in limit of consideration of the present invention.Isolated carbon dioxide volume reduces to 1/10 of flue gas volume, is heated to 900-955 oc, with charcoal generation reduction reaction, carbon dioxide is all converted into carbon monoxide again.Can be sold to a carbonization factory, remove synthesizing methanol or chemical fertilizer, thereby realize zero-emission.
In a word, it is simple, thorough that the present invention processes desulphurization and denitration, and reduced collecting carbonic anhydride cost, do not produce secondary pollution, and byproduct all has good market value, and accomplishes zero-emission.Particularly:
(1) desulphurization and denitration completes simultaneously.Method and apparatus is simple, has greatly reduced the environmental protection cost of steam power plant.
(2) reduced the trapping cost of carbon dioxide, and directly changed carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide, both can sell to chemical plant, also avoided the transportation of carbon dioxide and sealed enormous expenditure and the corresponding risk needing up for safekeeping.
(3) byproduct sulphur and carbon monoxide are important industrial chemicals, have the good market price.
(4) by coal conversion, be clean fuel.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the conversion ratio of water and carbon dioxide reduction reaction under different temperatures.
The specific embodiment
The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in embodiment, conventionally according to the condition described in normal condition and handbook, or the condition of advising according to manufacturer; Equipment used, material, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels, comprises common apparatus.
Briefly say, the step of a kind of coal-fired flue-gas synchronized desulfuring and denitrifying provided by the invention dedusting and reducing emission of carbon dioxide method process is: the flue gas of discharging from coal-burning boiler is taken off more big and heavy dust through cyclone separator.Flue gas after preliminary purification enters heater, makes its temperature remain on boiler exhaust temperature to 745 ℃ scope.There is reduction reaction in flue gas, part steam and partial CO 2 are wherein reduced to hydrogen and carbon monoxide, make the SO in flue gas in the gas solid reactor of filling carbon granule 2and NO xbe reduced to steam and the nitrogen of elemental sulfur completely.From gas solid reactor flue gas out, enter first order cooler, be cooled to 200-400 ℃, isolate sulphur, then enter second-stage cooler, be cooled to below 100 ℃, water condensation gets off, and fine dust is carried secretly by water as condensation center.Then, from the flue gas that approaches normal temperature mainly being formed by nitrogen and carbon dioxide, isolate carbon dioxide; Because flue gas volume now has reduced approximately 1/10, and gas concentration lwevel brings up to 1/9, and its trapping cost must have corresponding reduction; The carbon dioxide of separating is heated up and fully reduction, condition is 900-955 ℃, makes carbon dioxide be converted into carbon monoxide completely.The present invention is with reference to the accompanying drawings of as follows:
As shown in the figure: 1, cyclone separator; 2, primary heater; 3, the first gas solid reactor; 4, first order cooler; 5, second-stage cooler; 6, knockout tower; 7, secondary heater; 8, the second gas solid reactor, they are pressed gas trend and connect successively.
Attachedly Figure 1 shows that process flow diagram of the present invention.Coal-fired flue-gas (power-plant flue gas) first enters cyclone separator 1, removes more big and heavy dust, then enters primary heater 2, makes its temperature remain on the scope of boiler exhaust temperature to 745 ℃; Flue gas enters first gas solid reactor 3 and charcoal generation reduction reaction of filling carbon granule.The first gas solid reactor 3 can adopt fixed bed or fluid bed.The first gas solid reactor 3 eluting gas enter first order cooler 4, and first order cooler 4 temperature are at 200-400 ℃, enter second-stage cooler 5, the second cooler 5 temperature lower than 100 ℃, separated water outlet and fine dust after isolating sulphur.Institute's residual air body enters knockout tower 6 and separates carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide is warming up to 900-955 ℃ through secondary heater 7, enter the synthermal second gas solid reactor 8 generation reduction reactions of filling carbon granule, make carbon dioxide all be converted into carbon monoxide, thereby complete implementation process one time.
With reference to above-mentioned technological process, it is below concrete Application Example.
Embodiment 1
Take charing corncob as inorganic charcoal, to simulated flue gas (CO 2content 10.13%, SO 2content 1500ppm, NO content 360ppm, all the other are N 2) carry out reduction experiment.In simulated flue gas, do not contain solid dust.
1, gas heating
Simulated flue gas is warming up to 700-745 ℃.
2, reduction reaction
Gas after intensification enters the reactor of filling charing corncob, temperature of reactor 700-745 ℃, and the charcoal of filling in the partial CO 2 in gas and reactor carries out reduction reaction and generates carbon monoxide, and formed reducing atmosphere is by the micro-SO in simulated flue gas 2and NO xreduction completely, because again can't detect SO after gas solid reactor 2and NO.
3, substep cooling down
Reactor outlet gas enters first cooler and is cooled to 200-400 ℃, not condensation of water vapour, but sulphur is attached on cooler surface.Second cooler of flowing through is cooled to below 100 ℃, has water condensation out.
4, CO 2conversion completely
By gas heating after cooler to 900-955 ℃ and react with charcoal.The mass spectrum of gas componant and chromatography are counted the full front of a Chinese gown and are shown, carbon dioxide is all converted into carbon monoxide.
Embodiment 2
Take charing corncob as inorganic charcoal, and simulated flue gas is containing oxygen (CO 2content 7.48%, O 2content 4.61%, SO 2content 830 ppm, NO content 700 ppm, all the other are N 2).Repeat above-mentioned experiment, operating procedure is identical with embodiment 1, and result is also identical.
Embodiment 3
Take charing corncob as inorganic charcoal, to moisture simulated flue gas (CO 2content 10.32%, SO 2content 1500ppm, NO content 360ppm, all the other are N 2) repeat above-mentioned experiment.Water adds by micro-syringe, and addition is half of carbon dioxide molal quantity.Front 2 operating procedures are identical with embodiment 1, that is:
1, gas heating
Simulated flue gas is warming up to 700-745 ℃.
2, reduction reaction
Gas after intensification enters the reactor of filling charing corncob, temperature of reactor 700-745 ℃, and the charcoal of filling in the partial CO 2 in gas and reactor carries out reduction reaction and generates carbon monoxide, and part steam is reduced to hydrogen.Formed reducing atmosphere is by the micro-SO in simulated flue gas 2and NO xreduction completely, because again can't detect SO in the gas after gas solid reactor 2and NO.
3, substep cooling down
Reactor outlet gas enters first cooler and is cooled to 200-400 ℃, not condensation of water vapour, but sulphur is attached on cooler surface.Second cooler of flowing through is cooled to below 100 ℃, has water condensation out.
4, CO 2conversion completely
To flow through after second cooler gas heating to 900-955 ℃ and react with charcoal.Gas analysis is counted the full front of a Chinese gown and is shown, carbon dioxide is all converted into carbon monoxide.

Claims (4)

1. the dedusting of coal-fired flue-gas synchronized desulfuring and denitrifying and a reducing emission of carbon dioxide method, is characterized in that the step that it mainly comprises is: intensification and the reduction of cyclone dust removal, flue gas intensification, the denitration of charcoal reduction and desulfurization, the cooling Recovered sulphur of two-stage, water dedusting, capturing carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide:
1) cyclone dust removal: the flue gas of discharging from boiler is taken off more big and heavy dust through cyclone separator;
2) tail gas heats up: the flue gas after preliminary purification enters heater, makes its temperature remain on boiler exhaust temperature to 745 ℃ scope;
3) charcoal reduction and desulfurization denitration: flue gas, in the gas solid reactor of filling carbon granule, reduction reaction occurs, and part steam and partial CO 2 are wherein reduced to hydrogen and carbon monoxide, make the SO in flue gas 2and NO xbe reduced to steam and the nitrogen of elemental sulfur completely;
4) the cooling Recovered sulphur of two-stage and dedusting: from gas solid reactor flue gas out, enter first order cooler, be cooled to 200-400 ℃, isolate sulphur, enter again second-stage cooler, be cooled to below 100 ℃, water condensation gets off, and fine dust is carried secretly by water as condensation center;
5) capturing carbon dioxide: isolate carbon dioxide from the flue gas that approaches normal temperature mainly being formed by nitrogen and carbon dioxide;
6) carbon dioxide of separating heated up and fully reduce, making carbon dioxide be converted into carbon monoxide completely.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 6) described intensification and reduction temperature be 900-955 ℃.
3. the dedusting of coal-fired flue-gas synchronized desulfuring and denitrifying and a reducing emission of carbon dioxide method, is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
1) first coal-fired flue-gas enters cyclone separator (1), removes more big and heavy dust;
2) then enter primary heater (2), make its temperature remain on the scope of boiler exhaust temperature to 745 ℃;
3) flue gas enters first gas solid reactor (3) and charcoal generation reduction reaction of filling carbon granule;
4) the first gas solid reactor (3) eluting gas enters first order cooler (4), first order cooler (4) temperature is at 200-400 ℃, after isolating sulphur, enter second-stage cooler (5), the second cooler (5) temperature is lower than 100 ℃, separated water outlet and fine dust;
5) institute's residual air body enters knockout tower (6) and separates carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide is warming up to 900-955 ℃ through secondary heater (7);
6) enter synthermal the second gas solid reactor (8) generation reduction reaction of filling carbon granule, make carbon dioxide all be converted into carbon monoxide, thereby complete implementation process one time.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that described the first gas solid reactor (3) adopts fixed bed or fluid bed.
CN201410329675.0A 2014-07-11 2014-07-11 Method for synchronous desulphurization, denitration dedusting and emission reduction of carbon dioxide by fire coal and flue gas Pending CN104162358A (en)

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CN105152138A (en) * 2015-08-28 2015-12-16 北京矿冶研究总院 Method for treating copper pyrometallurgical flue gas
CN105833689A (en) * 2016-05-11 2016-08-10 华能国际电力股份有限公司 System and method for achieving ultra-low emission of dust and NOx at high temperature
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CN109694072A (en) * 2019-01-28 2019-04-30 北京玖星智能科技有限公司 A kind of method and device using biomass carbon chemical recycling of carbon dioxide
CN113777046A (en) * 2021-08-06 2021-12-10 中国环境科学研究院 Method for measuring and calculating emission of carbon dioxide generated by incineration treatment of waste

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Application publication date: 20141126