CN104159856B - For the heating of glass plate local and the method and apparatus of deformation - Google Patents
For the heating of glass plate local and the method and apparatus of deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104159856B CN104159856B CN201280067646.0A CN201280067646A CN104159856B CN 104159856 B CN104159856 B CN 104159856B CN 201280067646 A CN201280067646 A CN 201280067646A CN 104159856 B CN104159856 B CN 104159856B
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
There is provided for following equipment and method: conductive heating element, this conductive heating element has the length and one or more output surface extended between the first and second ends along horizontal direction, operates this output surface and comes along being transverse to the direction of described horizontal direction from this output surface conduction heat；And load-carrying members, these load-carrying members may operate to support glass plate, thus the first type surface of described glass plate is towards the heat orientation distributed from one or more output surfaces of described heating element heater, wherein said conductive heating element includes at least one heat flux variation characteristic, operates described heat flux variation characteristic and produces the different magnitude of heat that at least two output surface from described heating element heater distributes.
Description
Cross-Reference to Related Applications
The application requires the U. S. application registration the 13/302nd submitted on November 22nd, 2011 according to 35U.S.C. § 120,
The priority of No. 586, herein based on this application and by the most incorporated herein by reference for its full text.
Field
The present invention relates to for the heating of the local of glass such as the method that makes glass plate deform in the fabrication process with
Equipment.
Background
The glass assembly manufactured by reshaping original material part (such as glass plate) has a lot of application, important one
It it is the glazing for auto industry.The glass plate reshaped is usually used in display application, as being used for preparing liquid crystal display
Device (LCD), electrophoretic display (EPD), organic light emitting diode display (OLED) or plasma display (PDP)
Deng.
Before reshaping, manufacture glass plate the most by the following method: make melten glass flow in formed body, Qi Zhongke
With by various band forming technology technology formed glass tape, such as slot draw, float glass process, glass tube down-drawing, fusion glass tube down-drawing or on
Traction therapy.Then glass tape can be carried out subsequent singulation, be applicable to be further processed into required finished product intermediate to provide
Sheet material glass.Recently, growing with each passing day the interest of the most high-quality thin glass plate, this glass plate reshapes as more complicated
The combination of 3D shape, such as flat and local height curved shape.The common process being used for reshaping glass plate is usual
Relate to heating steps at a certain temperature, should at a temperature of gravity or at mechanical stimulating action under deform.Use routine
Technology adds hot glass sheet and relates to heat to apply the whole surface to glass plate.Such as, it is used for realizing for adding of reshaping
Any means known of hot glass sheet, including using ceramic supporting element based on wire coil winding.But, this technology is up to now
And it is unsatisfactory, because the overall glass plate of heating is not necessarily preferable result, particularly in reshaping operation, wherein
Have only to the deformation of local, and the other parts adding hot glass sheet may result in damage and/or reduce physics, optics and/or electricity
Feature.
There is any means known realizing adding hot glass sheet in a furnace, such as, use conducting ceramic material, be most commonly that
Carborundum and molybdenum disilicide (disilicide molybdenum).Generally, carborundum and/or molybdenum disilicide material forming it is
Straight or curved pipe applies for stove.Use the heating element heater of these types, enter stove environment by heat radiation and come
Dissipated power.Use this conductivity ceramics to heat stove although glass industry is known, but do not develop or use this technology
Add the concrete regional area of hot glass sheet, as desired in reshaped in technique.
Therefore, this area exists simultaneously high-caliber in the desired zone reservation of glass plate for locally adding hot glass sheet
Flatness；Retain the original aspect of glass plate；Deflection needed for some region interested obtains；And keep high level
The demand of method and apparatus of size Control.This method and apparatus may be adapted to reshape wide range of application as at display
Glass plate in application.
General introduction
One or more embodiments of the present invention are directed to use with one or more of conducting ceramic material as heating unit
Part, this heating element heater operable adds the concrete regional area of hot glass sheet.This embodiment allow from very local and
The region (or multiple region) concentrated produces big thermal source.Operate one or more embodiment to add some local of hot glass sheet
Region, does not but have physical contact, and final deformation in glass plate needed for formation with thermal source.
Described system can include heating element heater, be electrically connected and the optional heat shielding being positioned in heating element heater part, institute
These are had to combine the heat guiding glass plate of local.Such as, can be used this in ambient temperature reaches the environment of about 600 DEG C
The system of kind, circulation time is a few minutes, depends on the hurry-hurry attitude of application.
Heating element heater is preferably formed, such as by the one or more of materials with some feature: (i) electric conductivity,
Thus the heat of required magnitude is produced by the voltage and current source of reasonable size；(ii) mechanical strength, thus using and mistake
During circulation, the assembly of system will not deform, and also supports big length pair cross-section ratio (for application to relatively large glass plate)；
And (iii) mechanical performance, thus this heating element heater can be processed to obtain required shape (and the local that caused and variable
Add heat distribution).The material suitably forming heating element heater includes conducting ceramic material, such as carborundum, molybdenum disilicide, titanium diboride
Deng.
According to one or more embodiments, equipment includes: conductive heating element, and this conductive heating element has along horizontal stroke
The length extended between the first and second ends to direction and one or more output surface, operate this output surface
Heat is conducted from this output surface along the direction being transverse to described horizontal direction；And load-carrying members, these load-carrying members are to grasp
Make to carry out support glass plate, thus the first type surface of described glass plate is towards from one or more output surfaces of described heating element heater
The heat orientation distributed.Described conductive heating element includes at least one heating change feature, operates described heating change feature
Produce the different magnitude of heat that at least two output surface from described heating element heater distributes.
Operation at least one heating change feature described produces from being positioned at described the first and second of described heating element heater
What in end, described heating element heater output surface at least one distributed is one or more defeated be positioned in the middle of described end
Go out surface to compare there is different magnitude of heat.Such as, operation at least one heating change feature described produces from being positioned at
State heat that the output surface of the first and second ends distributes, that there is higher amount level than centre position.As other example, also
Operable this structure is heated to above described first and second marginal areas of described glass plate in described glass plate
Between the temperature in region.
Described heating element heater is preferably formed by conducting ceramic material, such as carborundum, molybdenum disilicide, in titanium diboride etc.
One or more of.
Described heating element heater includes height dimension, and this height dimension is transverse to described length described along being generally perpendicular to
The direction of the plane of the described first type surface of glass plate extends；And described at least one heating change feature includes described height gauge
Very little change between described first and second ends of described heating element heater, thus respond horizontal direction and flow through described heating
The electric current of element, distributes different magnitude of heat from the output surface of described heating element heater.
Alternatively or additionally, described heating element heater includes width dimensions, and this width dimensions is transverse to described length also
Direction along the plane of the described first type surface being generally parallel to described glass plate extends；And described at least one heating change
Feature includes that described width dimensions changes between described first and second ends of described heating element heater, thus responds horizontal stroke
Flow through the electric current of described heating element heater to direction, distribute different magnitude of heat from the output surface of described heating element heater.
Alternatively or additionally, the described output surface of described heating element heater includes each surface area part, this surface area
Part extends along the direction of the plane of the described first type surface being generally parallel to described glass plate；And described at least one heating
Variation characteristic includes that each surface area part size between described first and second ends of described heating element heater is different, thus rings
Answer horizontal direction to flow through the electric current of described heating element heater, distribute different magnitude of heat from the output surface of described heating element heater.
Alternatively or additionally, described heating element heater includes cross-sectional dimension, and this cross-sectional dimension is transverse to institute
State length and extend along the direction being generally perpendicular to described horizontal direction；And described at least one heating change feature includes
Described cross-sectional dimension changes between described first and second ends of described heating element heater, thus response laterally side
To flowing through the electric current of described heating element heater, distribute different magnitude of heat from the output surface of described heating element heater.
Those skilled in the art read in conjunction with the accompanying described herein after, it will be clear that ground understand the present invention its other party
Face, feature, advantage etc..
Accompanying drawing explanation
For illustrative purposes, preferred form shown in the drawings, however, it is understood that present embodiment is not limited to shown
Precise alignment and means.
Fig. 1 according to one or more of embodiments, the concrete regional area that may operate to add hot glass sheet be
The rough schematic view of system；
Fig. 2 relates to the one or more of embodiments of the one or more of system shown in Figure 1 specifically adding heat distribution
Some in terms of rough schematic view；
Fig. 3 relates to one or more of other and specifically adds the one or more of enforcements of system shown in Figure 1 of heat distribution
The rough schematic view of the interchangeable aspect of mode；
Fig. 4 is adapted for the front view of the heating element heater being used together with one or more of embodiments herein, its tool
Operation is had to produce at least one heating change feature of the heating with some feature；
Fig. 5 is adapted for the upward view of the heating element heater being used together with one or more of embodiments herein, its tool
Operation is had to produce at least one other heating change feature of the different local heating with some optional feature；
Fig. 6 is adapted for the upward view of the heating element heater being used together with one or more of embodiments herein, its tool
Operation is had to produce at least one other heating change feature of the different local heating with some optional feature；
Fig. 7 is adapted for the perspective view of the heating element heater being used together with one or more of embodiments herein, its tool
Operation is had to produce at least one other heating change feature of the heating with some optional feature；
Fig. 8 is the front view of the heating element heater being combined with the system of reshaping, and this heating element heater has operation and produces and have
Other heating change feature of at least one of the heating of some feature；
Fig. 9 is adapted for the side view of the heating element heater being used together with one or more of embodiments herein, its tool
Operation is had to produce the optional heating change feature of the different local heating with optional feature；And
Figure 10 is adapted for the upward view of the heating element heater being used together with one or more of embodiments herein, its tool
Operation is had to produce other optional heating change feature of the different local heating with optional feature.
Preferred implementation describes in detail
With reference to accompanying drawing, the most identical reference represents identical element.Fig. 1 shows and may operate to add hot glass sheet
The rough schematic view of the system 100 of the concrete regional area of 10.This embodiment allows from very local and the region of concentration
(or multiple region) produces big thermal source, adds some regional area of hot glass sheet 10 and does not has physical contact with heating source, and
Final deformation in glass plate 10 needed for induction.
System 100 includes load-carrying members 102 and the heating element heater 104 separated with described load-carrying members 102, thus glass plate
10 can insert between which.Preferably, the length (L) of heating element heater 104 (transversely orientation) be enough to stride across glass plate 10
Entire length (or width).Operable load-carrying members 102 carry out support glass plate 10, thus the first type surface of this glass plate 10 is towards adding
Thermal element 104 is orientated.Operable load-carrying members 102 are relative to heating element heater 104 movable glass plate 10, such as by suitable
Transfer mechanism and/or pass through fluid cushion.If the urgent situation requirement of application, optional embodiment can use machinery
Move heating element heater 104.
Heating element heater 104 is preferably conduction, thus response is through the voltage of this heating element heater 104 applying with through being somebody's turn to do
The electric current that heating element heater 104 drives produces heat.Although not showing, can by by relative horizontal first and second ends
Electrical contact part on 106A, 106B, is attached to the suitable power supply of heating element heater 104 to apply this voltage and current.Logical
Cross heating element heater 104 produce heat preferably by characterizing from the heat radiation of one or more of output surfaces 108, operation
108 this heats of this output surface guide glass plate 10 with the direction being transverse to horizontal direction.
Because reason as described further below, heating element heater 104 is preferably formed by conducting ceramic material.This lead
Electroceramics material can include following one or more of: carborundum, molybdenum disilicide, titanium diboride etc..
In the present embodiment, heating element heater is by by the conducting ceramic material 104A core body shape of shielding material 104B cincture
Become.Specifically, except one or more output surfaces 108 at least part of in addition to, shielding material 104B is preferably around core
Body 104A.In the present embodiment, shielding material 104B does not surround or cover the one or more output tables guiding glass plate 10
Face 108 at least part of.Any known adiabator presenting the suitable characteristics for application described herein can be used to prepare screen
Cover material 104B.One example of shielding material is to have the aluminosilicate refractory fiber of lower thermal conductivity.This material can be from whole
Block part processing or (pottery that can cast, as from can Te Nike company (COTRONICS) from moist felt (felt)
Rescor740 or Wrap-it372UHT) gelation obtain.
Formed one of advantage using conducting ceramic material in heating element heater 104 be this material (if careful choosing
Select composition, size and dimension) produce relatively great amount of heat from very local and the one or more regions concentrated.This and feature
It is the normal of relative low-power density (being measured by the power launched or be transmitted on given surface area) from given surface area
The ceramic heating pipe that gage line circle is wound around is contrary.The higher power density preferably using heating element heater 104 reduces
The surface temperature of (at least one or more output surface 108), and make radiation spectrum move to higher wavelength, at that wavelength as
The material of glass presents higher absorptance, thus improves the rate of heat addition of glass plate 10.
Another advantage using conducting ceramic material (such as carborundum) is that thermal conductivity is high, and therefore at heating element heater 104
Middle generation heat, and heat is mainly discharged in surrounding by one or more outputs (transmitting) surface 108.Conductivity ceramics
The high conductivity of material is conducive to from material body to the high heat transfer of its one or more output surfaces 108, it is allowed to fast quick-action
State ground uses this element.Additionally, the mechanical performance of certain form of conducting ceramic material (such as carborundum) is at high temperature stable
's.This feature allows the size and dimension of heating element heater 104 to minimize (minimizing volume), still presents enough heat simultaneously
Inertia (thermal inertia).Therefore, the heating element heater having for the sufficient length across overall glass plate 10 can be prepared
104, but only support this heating element heater 104 at first and second end 106A, 106B, preferably by being connected to this heating unit
Being electrically connected of part 104 supports.The stabilizing mechanical performance of material minimizes any of shape and orientation in heating element heater 104
Deformation, the ability of this deformation accuracy to controlling the diabatic process to glass plate 10 is harmful.
Additionally, form the another of heating element heater 104 from carborundum (such as, compared with molybdenum disilicide or other conductivity ceramics)
One advantage is the machinability of material.Even when the hardness of material is the highest, also can process this material, but without broken risk.
When being expected that by a heating element heater 104 and being processed into some shape to form the life of some delivery in hot weather and emission characteristic, this is to manage especially
Think.The relation of this shape and heat emission character be further described below.If it is desire to manufacture substantial amounts of heating element heater
104, then carborundum can be molded when green state, and sinter subsequently.With reference now to Fig. 2, this figure is system shown in Figure 1 100
One or more embodiments some in terms of rough schematic view, relate to being produced on glass plate 10 by heating element heater 104
Raw one or more of concrete heat distribution.The shape assuming core body 104A is overall even, and shielding 104B exposes phase
To the output surface 108 uniformly shaped, then the heat (arrow represents by a dotted line) distributed from this output surface 108 is along adding
Length L of thermal element 104 is overall even.Moreover, it is assumed that be exposed to the glass plate 10 of the heat from heating element heater 104
First type surface is overall even (such as, by glass plate 10 is transmitted consistently through heating element heater 10), then glass plate 10
Heat distribution be uniform (as intersected shown in hachure 200 by uniform) similarly in entire plate.
Include at least one heating change feature with reference to Fig. 3, preferably heating element heater 104, operate this heating change feature
Producing the different magnitude of heat distributed from one or more output surfaces 108, thus produce glass plate 10 is non-homogeneous
Heating.In the present embodiment, the size and dimension by change being introduced it along length L of heating element heater core body 104A takes
Obtain heating change feature.Specifically, heating element heater core body 104A includes height dimension H, and it is transverse to length and along totally
The direction of the plane of the first type surface of vertical glass plate 10 extends.Heating element heater core body 104A the first and second end 106A,
Between 106B, height dimension H is change, thus response flows through the electric current of heating element heater 104, at horizontal direction (in end
Between 106A, 106B) on distribute different magnitude of heat (dotted line arrow from one or more output surfaces 108 of heating element heater 104
Head).
In the present embodiment, curve perforate (or depression) 150A, 150B cause the change of height dimension H, and from one
Individual or multiple output surfaces 108 distribute the obtained quantity level difference of heat.As described further below, the change of highly H causes
Compared with the other parts of output surface 108, the heat distributed from the part of the output surface 108 near perforate 150A, 150B
Higher.Therefore, if it is desired, compared with one or more parts of the output surface 108 being positioned in the middle of end, by each perforate
The higher heat that 150A, 150B cause can at least one place in first and second end 106A, 106B be different.Showing
In the embodiment of example, close to the second perforate 150B height dimension than the height dimension radial variations close to the first perforate 150A more
Greatly, thus cause the heating at each first and second end 106A, 106B different.In this case, operation heating change is special
Levy at the second end 106B, produce the heat from output surface 108 than first end 106A place higher amount level, they
All higher than the heat in centre position.
Operable load-carrying members (not shown) make the first type surface of glass plate 10 each first and second marginal area 10A,
10B is towards the heat orientation distributed from first and second end 106A, 106B of heating element heater 104.Therefore, operation equipment handle
First and second marginal area 10A, 10B of glass plate 10 are heated to temperature more higher than the zone line of this glass plate 10, as
By having shown in more highdensity intersection hachure 202A and 202B than intersection hachure 202.It should be noted that at the first and second edges
Intersection hachure 202A and 202B that region 10A, 10B show, is used for illustrating that the temperature of the zone line with glass plate 10 is (by handing over
Fork hachure 202 labelling) compare, at least part of region 10A, 10B are at elevated temperatures.Perforate 150A, 150B are curvilinear
The fact may result in heating heterogeneous in first and second marginal area 10A, 10B；But for simplicity, intersection hachure
202A and 202B shows relatively uniform in that region.This is not meant at first and second marginal area 10A, 10B
In, temperature must be must to be maybe heterogeneous uniformly, because the most possible by suitably shaping core body 104A.
Preferably, operable above-mentioned embodiment adds the concrete regional area of hot glass sheet 10 (in this case
It is table marginal area), but there is no physical contact with heating source, the most do not heat monolithic glass plate 10.Which ensure that and can use office
Portion's heating obtains required result, does not the most make the other parts of glass plate 10 sustain damage and/or physics, optics and/or electricity
Feature is degenerated.Additionally, described method and apparatus remains the glass plate 10 high-caliber flatness at desired zone；Retain
The original looks of glass plate 10；And obtain the desired amount of adding in some region interested with high-caliber size Control
Heat.Such as, these Heating Characteristics can be used to come at the selection area of glass plate 10 and to form local deformation, such as glass plate
10 reshape as required shape, and this is as described further below.
With reference to Fig. 4, it is provided that implement the heating change feature of heating element heater 104 possible mode more summarize beg for
Opinion.Fig. 4 is the lateral elevational view of another embodiment of heating element heater 104, its along the length of element 104 achieve multiple not
Same Heating Characteristics, thus produces the optional non-uniform heating to glass plate 10.Generally, multiple different forming technique is used
(such as basic machining), can obtain in heating element heater 104 different piece is variable-sized.
Such as, discussed in detail above, can the various surfaces of machining heating element heater 104, thus this heating element heater 104
Different piece there is different height dimension H.Specifically, the heating element heater 104 of Fig. 4 includes in order: (i) is close to first
The first height h1 of end 106A；(ii) the second height h2 (less than the first height h1)；(iii) (magnitude is similar to third height h3
In the second height h2)；(iv) the 4th height h4 (less than other any height)；And (v) the 5th height h5 (magnitude is similar to the
One height h1).As described further below, the change of height dimension H (being represented by height h1, h2, h3, h4 and h5),
Change heating element heater core body 104A transverse cross-sectional area along its length.This can affect heating element heater 104 and have assigned altitute
Volume in the magnitude of heat that produces, and impact distributes from heating element heater 104 and/or glass plate 10 receives heat
Magnitude (or density).Assume width dimensions W (being perpendicular to the view shown in Fig. 4), by flow through heating element heater 104 medial end portions-to-
The heat distribution (density) that AC or the DC electric current of end produces can be represented by shown arrow.In f1 and f5 of region, heat is close
Degree is relatively low compared with region f2 and f4 Midst density.In the f3 of region, from the density magnitude of the heat that surface 108-3 distributes
May be similar with region f2, but it is because reason as described further below, the glass plate 10 relative with region f3 can
And/or receive heat will be less than region f2's.Therefore, some heat arrow dotted line table in the f3 of region in the diagram
Show.Although not accounting in the present embodiment, but length L1 of each several part of heating element heater core body 104A, L2, L3, L4 and L5,
Also the magnitude of the heat produced in each volume is had an impact.
Alternatively or additionally, the different surfaces of (or otherwise formed) heating element heater 104 can be processed, thus
In heating process, the different piece of one or more output surfaces 108 is different from the distance of glass plate 10.In the f3 of region, output
Distance between surface 108-3 (or its part) and the first type surface of glass plate 10 is more than this in region f1, f2, f4 and f5
Plant distance (amount being more than is equal to dimension D).Therefore, arrive in the f3 of region and/or add hot glass sheet 10 heat magnitude more
Low, thus the glass plate in that region is heated to less degree.With reference to Fig. 5-6, can (alternatively or additionally) processing
The different surfaces of heating element heater 104, thus the different piece of one or more output surface 108 has different quadratures,
And implement the heating change feature of heating element heater 104.
Fig. 5 is the upward view of heating element heater 104, and wherein heating element heater core body 104A has each surface area portion, its edge
The direction of the plane the first type surface of overall parallel plate 10 extends.Such as, in f1 and f3 of region, heating element heater core body
104A has first and the 3rd surface area portion of the size progressively limited each via same widths w1.In the f2 of region,
Heating element heater core body 104A has the second surface region part of the size progressively limited by width w2.Because distributing from surface
The density of heat and the surface area on this surface be directly proportional, so in f1 and f3 of region, from output surface 108-1 and 108-3
Part distribute and the magnitude (density) of heat that arrives and/or add hot glass sheet 10, more than output surface in the f2 of region
The magnitude (density) of heat that distributes of part 108-2.By at part 108-1 of output surface 108,108-2,108-3
The density of point illustrates the density of this heat.It is noted that term used herein " density " is used to refer to the following fact: when coming
When coming from big surface area, such as, time from part 108-1 compared with part 108-2, the amount of heat is (with at least one unit
Measure) bigger.Therefore, though the heat flux density in the given unit are of part 108-1 may with in part 108-2
Same size unit are in heat flux density identical, we claim the amount of the heat from part 108-1 (used herein
" density ") bigger because compared with part 108-2, distribute more from larger surface area (per unit length) in that part
Many heats.Although not accounting in the present embodiment, heating element heater core body 104A cross-sectional area in each region also affects
The heat magnitude produced in individual volume, and the heat therefore distributed from output surface part 108-1,108-2,108-3
Density can be based on different at each surface portion different heat flux density of generation.
Fig. 6 is the upward view of the alternative embodiments of heating element heater 104, and wherein heating change feature is also based on output table
The change of the quadrature of the part in face 108.Although result is similar to the embodiment of Fig. 5, but realizes defeated in a different manner
Go out the change of the effective surface area of part in surface 108.Specifically, heating element heater core body 104A has common uniform width
Degree, but in each region, heatshield material 104B covers the part of output surface 108 to different degree.Such as, in district
In f1 and f3 of territory, part 108-1 and the 108-3 of the output surface 108 of heating element heater core body 104A are covered by shielding material 104B
To identical minimum degree.This is each had first and the 3rd surface of the size progressively limited by identical width w1
Long-pending part.In the f2 of region, part 108-2 of the output surface 108 of heating element heater core body 104A is covered by shielding material 104B
To bigger degree.This second surface of size obtaining progressively being limited by width w2 amasss part.Therefore, at region f1 and f3
In, that distribute from the part of output surface 108-1 and 108-3 and arrive and/or add the heat of hot glass sheet 10 more than in district
In the f2 of territory.Different from the embodiment of Fig. 5, the cross-sectional area of the heating element heater core body 104A in each region is constant,
Therefore, for the relative magnitude of the heat produced in each volume, change should not introduced.
It is incorporated into other embodiment shown in Fig. 7, explores further above-mentioned embodiment and heating element heater 104
Each geometric properties and the relation of heat, Fig. 7 is the perspective view of heating element heater core body 104A, that includes operation and produces and have certain
Multiple heating change features of the heat of a little features.About this respect, it should be understood that embodiment as herein described depends on core body
The incremental resistance of the geometric properties of 104A and gained conductive material (e.g., pottery) and/or the relation of bulk resistance.This allows ability
Territory those of ordinary skill regulate partly in each volume of core body 104A produce heat, and thus cause from core body
Heat that is that 104A distributes and/or that received by each area of glass plate 10 or region.
In conjunction with the heat of the partial radiation from any given surface of heating element heater core body 104A or surface, this area is common
Technical staff may be assumed that given surface operates as lambert (Lambertian) irradiator (grey body).Heat from this surface
Amount is radiated to set the goal (being glass plate 10 in this case) according to following formula:
In formula, Q is the heat that the part closed by surface area S-phase is launched；ε is that the emissivity on surface is (for pottery, oxidation
Metal is often about 0.8, and the material for similar carborundum is to about 0.9)；σ is Stefan-Boltzmann (Stefan-
Boltzmann) constant (5.6710-8SI)；TsIt it is the temperature on surface；And TtIt it is the surface temperature of glass plate 10.
In addition to the surface area of heat emitting surface, the heat flux that the distance impact on this surface to glass plate 10 receives,
Those of ordinary skill in the art can use this as the heating along heating element heater 104 length L regulation glass plate 10 as mentioned above
Mode.The relation of this distance and regulation is provided by following formula:
In formulaIt is at the upper basic flux launched of direction D (towards the general direction of glass plate 10)；DS is that heat is sent out
The underlying table area of reflective surface；ω is around the basic solid angle in D direction；β is between the normal direction of emitting surface and direction D
Angle；And T is the temperature of heat emitting surface.
Finally, the heat produced in the given basis volume of heating element heater core body 104A by electric current passes through joule
(Joule) law provides:
P=Ri2
Wherein, P is by flowing into the power that the electric current of resistor produces；R is the resistance of resistor, and I is electric current.
The resistance of the given basis volume of heating element heater core body 104A depend on the intrinsic property of material, its resistivity and
Geometrical morphology, it is defined by following formula:
In formula, ρ is the resistivity of heating element heater core body 104A；L is the length of the given part of heating element heater core body 104A
(at electric current from end-to the direction of-endwall flow)；And S is given part transversal of heating element heater core body 104A
Area (is perpendicular to direction of current flow).
With specific reference to Fig. 7, cross-sectional area along the length of heating element heater core body 104A from part to the change of part, can class
Push away as the behavior of the resistance of series connection in circuit.In such an embodiment, it is assumed that be constant by the electric current of the length of core body 104A
's；But, the gained thermal source from output surface 108 changes according to the geometrical morphology of each given part of core body 104A.?
In illustrative embodiment, width W and each length L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 of core body 104A are constant, thus produce constant defeated
Go out surface area.But, each height h1, h2 and h3 are sequentially reduced, and produce the least cross-sectional area, cause the most higher electricity
Stream and the heat distributed from core body 104A.Therefore, the power (heat) produced in each several part to L3 from L1 to L2 is the most more
High, and the lowest to L5 from L3 to L4 subsequently.Based on above-mentioned, the heat distributed from each several part of output surface 108 will
It is based only on the change of height h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 (and the impact of the cross-sectional area on each several part caused) and changes.But
Be, it should be noted that each distance between output surface 108 each several part and glass plate 10 along heating element heater core body 104A length and
Change, affects the heating of glass plate 10 thus according to above-mentioned formula.
It should be noted that the incremental resistance rate of the material that also can change heating element heater core body 104A, regulate thermal source.If suitably
Ground controls this change, then can regulate the gained heat produced in heating element heater 104 each several part similarly.
With reference now to Fig. 8, it is the highly simplified front view that glass plate reshapes system 300.System 300 includes and holds
The heating element heater 104 that weight structure 102 is opposing parallel.It should be noted that load-carrying members 102 include being parallel to each edge part of glass plate 10
Each edge mould 102A, 102B that point 10A, 10B are arranged.Heating element heater 104 includes that some, Part I height are h1,
Part II height is h2, and Part III height is h3.Offset these parts, thus Part II is with distance D and glass
The first type surface of plate 10 is further spaced from.According to description provided above, edge region 10A, 10B are received ratio by glass plate 10
Zone line heat greatly, is thus heated to higher temperature marginal area 10A, 10B.
Marginal area 10A, 10B are heated sufficiently to the centre promoting this marginal area 10A, 10B relative to glass plate 10
The temperature (being such as close to or higher than the softening temperature of glass) of region bends.The heating function provided by heating element heater 104 can be
Heating chamber (not shown) is carried out, thus allows pre-heat glass sheets 10 and subsequently by transmitting glass plate 104 times at heating element heater
10 and/or make heating element heater 104 move relative to glass plate 10, heat relative marginal area 10A, 10B.
Because compared with zone line, glass plate 10 edge region 10A, 10B receive heat greatly, institute
To interrupt or to suppress the heating of zone line without independent shielding；But, if shielding is preferably to be used as it.Glass
The lower temperature of glass plate 10 zone line promotes to keep high flatness in these regions, allows glass plate 10 outermost simultaneously
Marginal area be exposed to heat (the such as softening temperature of glass plate 10) and bend, the most do not reduce flatness and/or damage it
Its glass characteristics.This allows the deformation of marginal area 10A, 10B, prevents from deforming in the zone line of glass plate 10 or drawing simultaneously
Enter mass defect.In certain applications, it may be desirable to only a part for glass plate 10 is heated to softening temperature, near this part
There is actual bending (such as, inside from the edge of plate 10), but make outmost edge portion area 10A, 10B be in colder
At a temperature of (as less than softening temperature), keep the flatness in these parts.
Implement the step of bending glass sheet 10 each opposed edge sections 10A, 10B, thus they follow the first and second limits
The respective profile of edge mould 102A, 102B.Can implement in every way bending, such as can heat marginal area 10A, 10B until
Gravity promotes marginal area 10A, 10B to fall down under self gravitation, thus with the die surface of edge mould 102A, 102B
Shape conformal (conformance).Or, conformal element (not shown) can be moved in one direction, promote marginal area
10A, 10B are conformal with the shape of the die surface of edge mould 102A, 102B.Then, the glass plate 10 reshaped can be cooled down.
With reference now to Fig. 9, Fig. 9, it is adapted for the heating element heater being used together with one or more of embodiments herein
The side view of 200, it has operation and produces the optional heating change feature of the different local heating with optional feature.At this
In embodiment, heating element heater 200 includes by coil 204B around the core material 204A wound.Core body 204A can be by arbitrarily closing
Suitable material is formed and the most nonconducting, such as non-conductive ceramic material.Coil 204B is by suitable conductive material shape
Becoming, its response produces heat by the electric current of this coil drive.In order to produce enough heats glass plate 10 (is not shown
Show) the level that is increased to described in the most one or more of embodiment of temperature (such as the part of glass plate 10 is heated to
The level of glass plate 10 can be reshaped), the concrete material forming coil 204B should be selected from the most known material.
So, it should be noted that compared with the f2 of region, the coil 204B of winding spacing (pitch) in f1 and f3 of region
Higher.Therefore, compared with the f2 of region, region f1 and f3 produces the density of higher heat (assuming that along the length of coil 204B
Degree has uniform resistivity).Therefore, when heating element heater 200 adjacent glass plate is arranged, local heterogeneous heating can be realized
Feature (is represented by arrow).With reference to the discussion of embodiment above, those skilled in the art will appreciate that this function
Meaning.
With reference now to Figure 10, it is adapted for heating unit that be used in combination, optional with one or more embodiments herein
The upward view of part 200.Present embodiment also presents the heating having operation to provide the different local heating with optional feature
Variation characteristic.In the present embodiment, heating element heater 200 also includes by coil 204B around the core material 204A wound.With
Sample, core body 204A can be formed by the material of any appropriate, such as non-conductive ceramic material.Similarly, in order to produce enough heat
Amount is increased to suitable level the temperature of glass plate 10 (not shown), and coil 204B is formed by suitable conductive material.?
In present embodiment, compared with the area 208-2 in the f2 of region, core body 204A has bigger surface area in f1 and f3 of region
(area 208-1 and 208-3).These surface areas be not both the knot in core body 204A with differing heights and/or width dimensions
Really.Therefore, compared with the f2 of region, the amount producing higher heat in f1 and f3 of region (also assumes that the length along coil 204B
Degree has uniform resistivity).Therefore, when heating element heater 200 adjacent glass plate is arranged, local heterogeneous heating can be realized
Feature (represents by).Similarly, with reference to the discussion of embodiment above, those skilled in the art will appreciate that this merit
The meaning of energy.
Additionally, the height of differentiation core body 104A and width dimensions may result in one or more parts of heating element heater 200
Separate glass plate further away from each other.As shown in Figure 10, the bottom (it will be towards glass plate) of heating element heater 200, from core body 104A
Can not change to region with region with the distance on the surface of coil 204B to glass plate.But, if height dimension also changes,
The surface of the most each core body 104A and coil 204B to the distance also alterable of glass plate, and it should be noted that heating change feature (also
As previously described embodiment).As it can be seen, the spacing of coil 204B is constant, but obtain heat by features described above
Change.However, it should be noted that the change of spacing also can be used extraly to provide the entering of Heating Characteristics changing heating element heater 200
One step degree of freedom.
Although presenting embodiments described herein by reference to concrete feature, it is to be understood that, these embodiments are only
It it is only the explanation to described principle and application.It will thus be appreciated that in the present invention limited without departing substantially from appended claims
On the premise of the spirit and scope of report, row illustrative embodiments can be carried out various amendment, and may be made that other
Arrange.
Claims (9)
1. it is used for adding hot glass sheet and carrys out an equipment for local buckling, comprising:
Conductive heating element, this conductive heating element has the length extended between the first and second ends along horizontal direction
Degree and one or more output surface, this output surface is used for along being transverse to the direction of described horizontal direction from this output table
Face conduction heat,
Load-carrying members, these load-carrying members may operate to support glass plate, thus the first type surface of described glass plate is towards from institute
State the heat orientation that one or more output surfaces of heating element heater distribute；It is characterized in that:
Wherein said conductive heating element includes at least one heating change feature, operate described heating change feature produce from
The different magnitude of heat that at least two output surface of described heating element heater distributes；
Described heating element heater includes height dimension, and this height dimension is transverse to described length and along being generally perpendicular to described glass
The direction of the plane of the described first type surface of plate extends；And
At least one heating change feature described includes the described height dimension described first and second ends at described heating element heater
Change between portion, thus respond horizontal direction and flow through the electric current of described heating element heater, from the output table of described heating element heater
Face distributes different magnitude of heat.
2. it is used for adding hot glass sheet and carrys out an equipment for local buckling, comprising:
Conductive heating element, this conductive heating element has the length extended between the first and second ends along horizontal direction
Degree and one or more output surface, this output surface is used for along being transverse to the direction of described horizontal direction from this output table
Face conduction heat,
Load-carrying members, these load-carrying members may operate to support glass plate, thus the first type surface of described glass plate is towards from institute
State the heat orientation that one or more output surfaces of heating element heater distribute；It is characterized in that:
Wherein said conductive heating element includes at least one heating change feature, operate described heating change feature produce from
The different magnitude of heat that at least two output surface of described heating element heater distributes；
Described heating element heater includes width dimensions, and this width dimensions is transverse to described length and along being generally parallel to described glass
The direction of the plane of the described first type surface of plate extends；And
At least one heating change feature described includes the described width dimensions described first and second ends at described heating element heater
Change between portion, thus respond horizontal direction and flow through the electric current of described heating element heater, from the output table of described heating element heater
Face distributes different magnitude of heat.
3. it is used for adding hot glass sheet and carrys out an equipment for local buckling, comprising:
Conductive heating element, this conductive heating element has the length extended between the first and second ends along horizontal direction
Degree and one or more output surface, this output surface is used for along being transverse to the direction of described horizontal direction from this output table
Face conduction heat,
Load-carrying members, these load-carrying members may operate to support glass plate, thus the first type surface of described glass plate is towards from institute
State the heat orientation that one or more output surfaces of heating element heater distribute；It is characterized in that:
Wherein said conductive heating element includes at least one heating change feature, operate described heating change feature produce from
The different magnitude of heat that at least two output surface of described heating element heater distributes；
The described output surface of described heating element heater includes each surface area part, and this surface area part is described along being generally parallel to
The direction of the plane of the described first type surface of glass plate extends；And
At least one heating change feature described includes each surface area part described first and second ends at described heating element heater
Between portion, size is different, thus responds horizontal direction and flow through the electric current of described heating element heater, from the output table of described heating element heater
Face distributes different magnitude of heat.
4. it is used for adding hot glass sheet and carrys out an equipment for local buckling, comprising:
Conductive heating element, this conductive heating element has the length extended between the first and second ends along horizontal direction
Degree and one or more output surface, this output surface is used for along being transverse to the direction of described horizontal direction from this output table
Face conduction heat,
Load-carrying members, these load-carrying members may operate to support glass plate, thus the first type surface of described glass plate is towards from institute
State the heat orientation that one or more output surfaces of heating element heater distribute；It is characterized in that:
Wherein said conductive heating element includes at least one heating change feature, operate described heating change feature produce from
The different magnitude of heat that at least two output surface of described heating element heater distributes；
Described heating element heater includes cross-sectional dimension, and this cross-sectional dimension is transverse to described length and along being generally perpendicular to
The direction of described horizontal direction extends；And
At least one heating change feature described includes that described cross-sectional dimension is at described the first and of described heating element heater
Change between two ends, thus respond horizontal direction and flow through the electric current of described heating element heater, defeated from described heating element heater
Go out surface and distribute different magnitude of heat.
5. the equipment as according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that operation at least one heating change feature described
Produce from described first and second ends being positioned at described heating element heater the described heating element heater output table at least one
Compared with that face distributes, middle with being positioned at described end one or more output surfaces, there is different magnitude of heat.
6. the equipment as according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that operation at least one heating change feature described
Produce heat that distribute, that there is higher amount level than centre position from the output surface being positioned at described first and second ends.
7. the equipment as according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that:
The length of described heating element heater be enough to stride across the entire length of described glass plate；And
Operate described load-carrying members, make each first and second marginal areas of the described first type surface of described glass plate, towards from
The heat orientation that described first and second ends of described heating element heater distribute,
Wherein, operate described equipment and described first and second marginal areas of described glass plate are heated to above described glass
The temperature of the zone line of plate.
8. the equipment as according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that described heating element heater is by conducting ceramic material shape
Become.
9. the equipment as according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that described conducting ceramic material is selected from lower group: carbon
SiClx, and molybdenum disilicide, and titanium diboride.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/302,586 US8816252B2 (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2011-11-22 | Methods and apparatus for localized heating and deformation of glass sheets |
| US13/302,586 | 2011-11-22 | ||
| PCT/US2012/063776 WO2013078001A1 (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2012-11-07 | Methods and apparatus for localized heating and deformation of glass sheets |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104159856A CN104159856A (en) | 2014-11-19 |
| CN104159856B true CN104159856B (en) | 2016-11-30 |
Family
ID=
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5176733A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1993-01-05 | Ford Motor Company | Method and apparatus for directed energy glass heating |
| US5194083A (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1993-03-16 | Tamglass Engineering Oy | Method and apparatus for bending a glass sheet |
| CN1121052A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1996-04-24 | 菲尔金顿玻璃有限公司 | Glass bending furnace |
| CN101910074A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2010-12-08 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Glass-pane shaping-heating apparatus, and glass-pane bending-shaping method |
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5176733A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1993-01-05 | Ford Motor Company | Method and apparatus for directed energy glass heating |
| US5194083A (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1993-03-16 | Tamglass Engineering Oy | Method and apparatus for bending a glass sheet |
| CN1121052A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1996-04-24 | 菲尔金顿玻璃有限公司 | Glass bending furnace |
| CN101910074A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2010-12-08 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Glass-pane shaping-heating apparatus, and glass-pane bending-shaping method |
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Granted publication date: 20161130 Termination date: 20201107 |