CN104155567B - Positioning method of turn-to-turn short circuit fault of doubly-fed generator rotor - Google Patents

Positioning method of turn-to-turn short circuit fault of doubly-fed generator rotor Download PDF

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CN104155567B
CN104155567B CN201410435202.9A CN201410435202A CN104155567B CN 104155567 B CN104155567 B CN 104155567B CN 201410435202 A CN201410435202 A CN 201410435202A CN 104155567 B CN104155567 B CN 104155567B
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rotor
fault
search coil
generator
induced potential
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CN104155567A (en
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李俊卿
张立鹏
史玮明
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North China Electric Power University
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North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a positioning method of a turn-to-turn short circuit fault of a doubly-fed generator rotor. The positioning method comprises the steps of arranging a detection coil and a photoelectric device, numbering slots of the generator rotor, determining the zero moment of the photoelectric device, collecting normal data, collecting fault data, positioning the fault and the like. By means of the positioning method, the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the generator rotor can be accurately positioned without disassembling a generator. The positioning method is suitable for motors with small air gaps and wound rotors and has great significance in quickly removing the fault, maintaining efficient operation of a wind power plant and guaranteeing stable power supply of a power grid.

Description

A kind of localization method of double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of generators, particularly one kind is for double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings fault The method that position is positioned.
Background technology
Rotor interturn short-circuit fault is one of operating fault occurred frequently of double-feedback aerogenerator.Electromotor occurs After winding interturn short-circuit fault, winding hot-spot can be caused, unit vibration aggravates, if can not fix a breakdown in time, it will draw Play major accident, threaten grid stability.
The method of monitoring double-feedback aerogenerator rotor interturn short-circuit fault has at present: 1) Spectral Analysis Method: sends out When motor normally runs, stator side voltage x current frequency is fundamental frequency, and rotor-side is excitation frequency, and when occurring, rotor windings turn-to-turn is short After the fault of road, stator side occur (1-2s) f(f be power frequency) secondary characteristic harmonics, simultaneously rotor-side occur that 3sf feature is humorous Ripple.Whether characteristic frequency occurs it is possible to determine that whether electromotor occurs by monitor electromotor stator and rotor voltage x current simultaneously Rotor interturn short-circuit fault is it is possible to the content failure judgement order of severity according to features described above frequency.2) park vector Method: the rotor current under three phase coordinate systems is transformed to staticUnder coordinate system.When motor normally runs, park vector existsIt is a circular trace under coordinate system;When machine winding breaks down, park vector is changed into an ellipse.Can basis Oval shape judges the fault degree of turn-to-turn short circuit.3) negative sequence component method: if machine winding turn-to-turn short circuit, it will destroy three Symmetrical Circuits System.Negative-sequence current will be produced in the windings in the case of three phase supply balance.Can be according to negative phase-sequence The size of electric current judges the fault degree of turn-to-turn short circuit.
Above-mentioned three kinds of methods are all merely able to the generation of shorted-turn fault is detected, but not can determine that electromotor occurs turn-to-turn The particular location of short trouble.As wanted to find out the particular location that shorted-turn fault occurs it is necessary to carry out to double-fed type electromotor Split, process is relatively complicated.
At this stage, in technical field of generators, the search coil method of air-gap field is mainly used in steam turbine generator and turns In the detection of the diagnosis of sub- winding interturn short-circuit fault and positioning and Squirrel Cage Asynchronous Motors rotor bar breaking fault.Air-gap field The ultimate principle of search coil method is: during generator operation, has the slot leakage flux of rotation in air gap, this rotation slot leakage flux meeting Induced potential is produced in coil.After rotor interturn short-circuit fault occurs, the effective turn of fault winding reduces, and groove leaks Magnetic flux reduces, and compared with winding, induced potential value when normal larger change to the induced potential now producing in search coil can occur Change.
Air-gap field coil probe technique be applied to large-scale steamer synchronous generator run when, rotor of steam turbo generator winding Be passed through DC excitation electric current, the magnetic flux that rotor current produces is divided into two parts, a part be through air gap and with stator winding phase The main flux of interlinkage, another part is the leakage magnetic flux not interlinked with stator winding.Because rotor windings are distributed step by step along rotor circumference, So main flux is distributed stepped, magnetic flux density maximum at magnetic pole strength in rotor surface, the magnetic flux density away from magnetic pole strength subtracts Weak.Therefore search coil is placed in air gap, the change of air-gap field can be reflected by the induced potential in search coil Situation.To sum up, the construction featuress such as steam turbine generator distributed polar rotor structure, DC excitation and larger air gap, are conducive to passing through Search coil method realizes the diagnosis of rotor interturn short-circuit fault and the determination of abort situation.
When being applied to cage type asynchronous motor, the rotor slot of cage type asynchronous motor is to open to air-gap field coil probe technique Mouth formula or half opening formula, each sliver is evenly distributed in each groove of rotor and passes through end ring short circuit.Lead in asynchronous machine running Low-frequency current is flow through, this electric current forms leakage magnetic flux in notch, if installing search coil in motor gas-gap, rotating excitation field can be in bar Induction electromotive force on search coil.Therefore, search coil can apply to the fault diagnosis of Squirrel Cage Asynchronous Motors rotor broken bar, Abort situation be may determine that by the voltage magnitude Changing Pattern of comparison detection coil inswept consecutive number groove.
However, because the structure of double-fed type influence generator is special, not possessing the larger air gap of steam turbine generator and cage modle The special rotor structure of asynchronous machine is although rotor slot is uniformly distributed, but rotor windings are as stator winding, are three relatively What in title exchange winding, and rotor slot, winding was passed through is AC excitation electric current, and in running, excitation frequency is according to the change of wind speed Change and change.Therefore, in view of the structure of double-fed type influence generator and operating characteristic are all different from synchronous generator and cage modle is different Step motor, is applied to the employing air-gap field coil probe technique positioning rotor windings turn-to-turn of synchronous generator and squirrel cage induction motor The method of short fault location is not suitable for double-fed type electromotor.
Content of the invention
The present invention is directed to the limitation of existing rotor interturn short-circuit FLT Fit Models, proposes a kind of letter Easily feasible, accurate positioning and be applied to the method that double-fed type electromotor carries out rotor interturn short-circuit abort situation positioning.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows.
A kind of localization method of double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation, comprises the following steps:
A. in generator unit stator, search coil is set near the stator slot wedge surface of air gap;
B. on the stator casing of electromotor outer shaft extending part arrange electrooptical device, and keep search coil, electrooptical device, The geometric center of generator rotor shaft three is in same plane m, and its midplane m is vertical with plane residing for machine body base and same When excessively above-mentioned three's geometric center plane;
C. generator amature groove is numbered, and determines the zero moment of electrooptical device;
D. the induced potential that collection same model fault-free electromotor search coil produces senses as the standard of search coil Potential
E. the induced potential that collection fault generator search coil produces is as fault induced potential
F. take the standard induced potential of mutually search coil in the same timeWith fault induced potentialMake the difference, draw sensing Potential difference values curve, foundationThe moment corresponding to maximumAnd generator amature rotating speed during signals collecting Can determine that the rotor slot number that rotor interturn short-circuit fault occurs.
The localization method of above-mentioned double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation, described step a specifically includes following Step:
A1. enamel covered wire identical with generator unit stator winding, that line footpath is φ is taken to make search coil;
A2. generator unit stator slot wedge near air gap side at each 0.5mm in slot wedge width both sides, along slot wedge length side To the semicircle open slot opening up a diameter of φ respectively, two effective edges of search coil are respectively embedded in open slot and fixing;
A3. the end shielding line of search coil is drawn outside electromotor through stator winding line outlet.
The localization method of above-mentioned double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation, described search coil is arranged on generating On the slot wedge of stator slot nearest with plane vertical dimension residing for machine body base in machine.
The localization method of above-mentioned double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation, the described smooth Denso in rapid b step by step Put including reflective photoelectric sensor and reflective paster, for accurate measurement generator amature swing circle, be to visit in each cycle The data of test coil detection provides time reference basic point.
The localization method of above-mentioned double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation, the concretely comprising the following steps of step c: step C, when being numbered to generator amature groove, according to reversing sub- steering direction to be numbered, sets certain rotor slot as No. 1 groove, when When the geometric center lines of No. 1 groove are overlapped with plane m described in step b, divide along No. 1 groove geometric center lines in generator shaft extending portion Paste reflective paster immediately below reflective photoelectric sensor, and set this moment as the zero moment point of electrooptical device.
The localization method of above-mentioned double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation, gathers in described step d and step e During electromotor induced potential, generator amature is dragged to by a certain stabilized (steady-state) speed n using prime mover, zero setting with electrooptical device Moment is starting point, and collection generator amature rotates a circle the induced potential that interior each moment search coil sensed respectively as standard Induced potentialWith fault induced potential.
The localization method of above-mentioned double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation, described step f specifically includes following Step;
F1. the sense in each moment in fault-free electromotor and one time-count cycle of fault generator is calculated respectively according to formula one Answer potentialWith,
Formula one
Wherein:It is the magnetic flux by search coil,For average flux density in search coil,Have for search coil Effect area,For number of wire turns in search coil;
Target data is calculated according to formula two, and draws induced potential difference curve,
Formula two
F2. the induced potential difference curve being obtained according to step f1Determine that generator amature occurs two during turn-to-turn fault Fault moment corresponding to individual very big difference, determine, finally according to formula six, the rotor slot number that rotor inter-turn short circuit fault occurs,
Formula six
Wherein,For fault moment,For failure rotor groove number,For rotor slot number, n is rotor speed.
The localization method of above-mentioned double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation, the collection of described induced potential is passed through Data collecting instrument is acquired;It is additionally provided with band filter, the faradism of data collecting instrument output in described data collecting instrument Gesture is the power-frequency voltage signal in search coil.
Due to employing above technical scheme, the invention technological progress is as follows.
The present invention passes through to improve existing search coil so as to be more suitable for air gap very little and the electromotor for phase-wound rotor, Then induced potential signal is gathered by search coil;Adopt electrooptical device to provide time reference, by the sense of search coil simultaneously Answer potential and reference time to correspond, obtain complete detection data;Then the electromotor being obtained by search coil is normal When induced potential and rotor interturn short-circuit fault after induced potential difference, and draw induced potential difference curve; When determining electromotor generation rotor interturn short-circuit finally according to induced potential difference curve, fault groove is under search coil The moment of side, in conjunction with generator amature rotating speed, complete rotor interturn short-circuit fault grooveBe accurately positioned.Using this Invention can also be according to induced potential differenceThe size of maximum is judging the serious journey of rotor interturn short-circuit fault Degree, extreme value is bigger, and rotor interturn short-circuit fault is more serious.The application of the present invention can be in the situation not splitting electromotor Under, the abort situation of double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings is accurately positioned it is adaptable to the electricity of small air gap, wound rotor Machine type, for rapidly removing faults, maintains wind energy turbine set Effec-tive Function stably to have highly important meaning it is ensured that electrical network is powered Justice.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the electrical schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 installs the opening slot wedge schematic diagram of search coil for the present invention;
Fig. 3 is opening slot wedge schematic view of the mounting position;
Fig. 4 is the scheme of installation of electrooptical device of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings fault schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is generator amature groove numbering and electrooptical device zero moment rotor-position schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the standard induced potential of search coil when electromotor is normal in the present embodimentCurve chart;
Fig. 8 is the search coil induced potential that in the present embodiment, electromotor occurs during rotor inter-turn short circuit faultCurve Figure;
Fig. 9 is that in the present embodiment, electromotor occurs search coil induced potential difference before and after shorted-turn faultCurve Figure.
The each label of in figure is expressed as: 1. stator, 2. armature spindle, 3. electrooptical device, 31. reflective photoelectric sensors, 32. is anti- Light paster, 4. data collecting instrument, 5. binding post, 6. stator slot wedge, 7. open slot, 8. search coil.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention specifically includes following steps:
A. search coil is configured:
For the special construction of double-fed type power generator air gap very little, first search coil is configured, to meet double-fed The demand of formula electric generator structure.
A1. enamel covered wire identical with generator unit stator winding, that line footpath is φ is taken to make search coil.
A2. generator unit stator slot wedge 6 near air gap side at each 0.5mm in slot wedge width both sides, along slot wedge length Direction opens up the semicircle open slot 7 of a diameter of φ respectively, two effective edges of search coil 8 is respectively embedded in open slot and solid Fixed, as shown in Figure 2.This kind of design both ensure that search coil will not fall off in motor longtime running, makes search coil again To greatest extent near rotor surface, away from stator side interference.
Consider the minor way to its mechanical strength in slot wedge fluting in the present embodiment, search coil is arranged on generating On the slot wedge of stator slot nearest with plane vertical dimension residing for machine body base in machine, as shown in Figure 3.
A3. the end shielding line of search coil is drawn outside electromotor through stator winding line outlet.
B. setting electrooptical device:
Electrooptical device 3 includes reflective photoelectric sensor 31 and the so-called reflective photoelectric sensor of reflective paster 32 refers to send out Penetrate photocell and reception pipe in homonymy.Electromotor outer shaft extending part with search coil vertically same geometric center lines set Put reflective photoelectric sensor, this reflective photoelectric sensor is fixedly installed on generator unit stator shell, and in reflecting light Reflective paster is pasted on the rotor immediately below electric transducer, as shown in Figure 4.Electrooptical device is used for providing for search coil detection data Time reference, when rotor rotates a circle, the light through the reflection of reflective paster enters reflective photoelectric sensor once, reflective Pulsatile once signal launched by photoelectric sensor, and the time interval between two pulse signals is rotor swing circle.Electrooptical device exists Search coil, reflective photoelectric sensor signal receiving end, reflective paster, generator rotor shaft four must be kept in installation process The geometric center of person is in same plane m, as shown in Figure 1.
C. generator amature groove is numbered, and determines the zero moment of electrooptical device:
When generator amature groove is numbered, it is numbered according to reversing sub- steering direction.Set certain rotor slot as No. 1 Groove, when the geometric center lines of No. 1 groove are overlapped with plane m described in step b and reflective paster is located at reflective photoelectric sensor During underface, set this moment as the zero moment point of electrooptical device.
, when normally running taking laboratory double-fed type electromotor yr132m-4 as a example, rotor rotate counterclockwise, therefore rotor slot is entered It is numbered according to clockwise direction during line number, as shown in Figure 6.
The basic parameter of double-fed generator yr132m-4 is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
D. the collection of normal data:
Collection same model fault-free electromotor (just dispatched from the factory through the motor of verification experimental verification with electromotor, or through running Be defined as the motor of health) in the induced potential that produced by search coil as search coil standard induced potential.
During collection fault-free electromotor induced potential, generator amature is dragged to by a certain stabilized (steady-state) speed n using prime mover, In the present embodiment, the revolutional slip of rotor operation is s=0.2.The zero moment being set with electrooptical device, as starting point, gathers generator amature The induced potential that the interior each moment search coil that rotates a circle is sensed is as standard induced potential.For ensureing data accuracy, Multi-group data backup need to be gathered.
When generator amature rotates, rotor slot leakage flux rotates together with rotor, and cuts search coil generation sensing Potential, its size is calculated using formula one:
Formula one
Wherein:It is the magnetic flux by search coil,For average flux density in search coil,Have for search coil Effect area,For number of wire turns in search coil.
Continue above-described embodiment, rightThe data that electromotor in Shi Renyi complete cycle runs well is adopted Collection, standard induced potential when obtaining normal, as shown in Figure 7.
E. the collection of fault data:
The induced potential that collection fault generator is produced by search coil, and it is recorded as fault induced potential.
During collection fault generator induced potential, the generator amature of rotor inter-turn short circuit fault will be occurred using prime mover Drag to step d in gather normal data when identical stabilized (steady-state) speed n, the zero moment being set with electrooptical device, as starting point, adopted Collection fault generator rotor rotates a circle the numerical value of interior each moment search coil induced potential, as fault induced potential. For ensureing data accuracy, multi-group data backup need to be gathered.
Continue above-described embodiment, rightWhen there is shorted-turn fault in the generator amature in Shi Renyi complete cycle Service data be acquired, obtain fault induced potential, as shown in Figure 8.
In step d and step e, the collection of induced potential is acquired by data collecting instrument.Consider in search coil The induced potential very little being produced by rotor slot leakage flux, and electromotor occurs after rotor inter-turn short circuit fault it may appear that a series of High-frequency harmonic, arranges band filter therefore in data collecting instrument, carries out noise reduction process to the signal in search coil, make number Induced potential according to Acquisition Instrument output is the power-frequency voltage signal in search coil.
F. fault location:
Take the standard induced potential of mutually search coil in the same timeWith fault induced potentialMake the difference, draw faradism Gesture difference curve, foundation shouldThe moment corresponding to maximumAnd generator amature rotating speed during signals collecting Can determine that the rotor slot number that rotor interturn short-circuit fault occurs.
When rotor windings are normal, each rotor slot winding effective turn is equal, and rotor slot leakage flux rate of change is equal;But work as and turn After sub- winding occurs turn-to-turn short circuit, the rotor slot effective turn of fault reduces, as shown in Figure 5.Now rotor slot leakage flux change Rate also diminishes, and the induced potential amplitude producing in search coil also reduces.Compare when normal with winding, failure rotor groove is being swept Cross the induced potential amplitude producing in search coil during search coil will be obviously reduced, according to formula two calculating target data:
Formula two
Continue above-described embodiment, in the search coil with after rotor interturn short-circuit fault, the difference of induced potential is sat for vertical Mark, with time complete cycle of electrooptical device collectionDraw induced potential difference curve for abscissa, as shown in Figure 9.
After shorted-turn fault in rotor windings, have effective turn significant change in two rotor slot, so therefore Calculated by formula two after barrierHave two values and be significantly greater than other values.According to this two maximum in target data, Can determine the corresponding moment in this cycle, hereinafterRepresent the above-mentioned two maximum corresponding moment respectively,Point Do not represent byThe failure rotor groove number determining.
In Fig. 9, arrow pointed location occurs substantially to distort, as the two of search coil induced potential difference maximum point, Failure rotor groove be can get according to Fig. 9 it is in the corresponding moment immediately below search coil and be,.
Not position as mechanical breakdown is accurate, with rotor notch geometric center in search coil just to consider the close change of magnetic The lower section moment is defined, and time error existsInside all belong to this groove fault.Failure rotor groove numberAnd fault momentMust meet Formula three inequality:
Formula three
In formula threeFor the time difference of the inswept search coil of adjacent two rotor slot geometric centers, calculated according to formula four:
Formula four
Wherein: n is rotor speed, z is rotor slot number.
Formula three is brought into formula four can obtain:
Formula five
Solution inequality five, can obtain:
Formula six
Failure rotor groove number in formula sixTake positive integer it may be determined that generator amature occurs the rotor slot of shorted-turn fault Number.
In the present embodiment, generator amature rotate counterclockwise, and during 0 moment, No. 1 groove is in immediately below search coil, Moment corresponding failure rotor groove numberMeet inequality six, willBring formula six into can obtain:
Solve,.
In the same manner,Moment corresponding failure rotor groove numberMeet inequality six, willBring formula six into can obtain:
Solve.
The electromotor of the present embodiment is split, it is possible to find the failure rotor groove number being obtained using localization method of the present invention It is consistent with the rotor slot number of physical fault.
It is respectively directed to revolutional slipIn the case of, arbitrarily take multigroup not data in the same time to be verified Analysis, result of calculation is all consistent with physical fault rotor slot number, show fault groove localization method of the present invention accurate, can Lean on.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of localization method of double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation is it is characterised in that it includes following step Rapid:
A. in generator unit stator, search coil is set near the stator slot wedge surface of air gap;
B. electrooptical device is set on the stator casing of electromotor outer shaft extending part, and keeps search coil, electrooptical device, generating The geometric center of machine rotor axle three is in same plane m, and its midplane m is vertical with plane residing for machine body base and mistake simultaneously The plane of above-mentioned three's geometric center;
C. generator amature groove is numbered, and determines the zero moment of electrooptical device;
D. the induced potential that collection same model fault-free electromotor search coil produces is as the standard induced potential e of search coil1 (t);
E. the induced potential that collection fault generator search coil produces is as fault induced potential e2(t);
F. take the standard induced potential e of mutually search coil in the same time1(t) and fault induced potential e2T () makes the difference, draw faradism Gesture difference curve e (t), according to the moment t corresponding to maximum of e (t)nAnd generator amature rotating speed n during signals collecting Can determine that rotor slot k that rotor interturn short-circuit fault occursn
The concrete operations of described step a are:
A1., the line footpath identical with generator unit stator winding is taken to beEnamel covered wire make search coil;
A2. divide at each 0.5mm in slot wedge width both sides, along slot wedge length direction near air gap side in generator unit stator slot wedge Do not open up a diameter ofSemicircle open slot, two effective edges of search coil are respectively embedded in open slot and fixing;
A3. the end shielding line of search coil is drawn outside electromotor through stator winding line outlet;
Described search coil is arranged on the slot wedge of nearest with the vertical dimension of plane residing for machine body base stator slot in electromotor On.
2. the localization method of a kind of double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be: the described electrooptical device in step b includes reflective photoelectric sensor and reflective paster, for accurate measurement electromotor Rotor swing circle, the data for search coil detection in each cycle provides time reference basic point.
3. the localization method of a kind of double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation according to claim 2, it is special Levy and be: described step c, when being numbered to generator amature groove, is numbered according to reversing sub- steering direction;Set certain Rotor slot is No. 1 groove, when the geometric center lines of No. 1 groove are overlapped with plane m described in step b, divides along 1 in generator shaft extending portion Paste reflective paster immediately below the reflective photoelectric sensor of number groove geometric center lines, and set this moment as electrooptical device zero when Punctum.
4. the localization method of a kind of double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation according to claim 3, it is special Levy and be: in described step d and step e when gathering electromotor induced potential, using prime mover, generator amature is dragged to A certain stabilized (steady-state) speed n, as starting point, collection generator amature interior each moment that rotates a circle detects the zero moment being set with electrooptical device The induced potential that coil is sensed, respectively as standard induced potential e1(t) and fault induced potential e2(t).
5. the localization method of a kind of double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation according to claim 4, it is special Levy and be: described step f is carried out by operations described below;
F1. the faradism in each moment in fault-free electromotor and one time-count cycle of fault generator is calculated respectively according to formula one Gesture e1(t) and e2(t),
Wherein: φ1It is the magnetic flux by search coil, b is average flux density in search coil, s is search coil significant surface Long-pending, n is number of wire turns in search coil;
Target data is calculated according to formula two, and draws induced potential difference curve e (t),
E (t)=e1(t)-e2(t) formula two
F2. determine that generator amature occurs two poles during turn-to-turn fault according to induced potential difference curve e (t) that step f1 obtains Big fault moment t corresponding to differencen, determine, finally according to formula six, the rotor slot number that rotor inter-turn short circuit fault occurs,
Wherein, tnFor fault moment, knFor failure rotor groove number, z is rotor slot number, and n is rotor speed.
6. the positioning of a kind of double-fed type Short Circuit Between Generator Rotor Windings abort situation according to any one of claim 1 to 5 Method it is characterised in that: the collection of described induced potential is acquired by data collecting instrument;Also set in described data collecting instrument It is equipped with band filter, the induced potential of data collecting instrument output is the power-frequency voltage signal in search coil.
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