CN104155131A - Cable simulation device and cable simulation method in ship mooring physical model test - Google Patents
Cable simulation device and cable simulation method in ship mooring physical model test Download PDFInfo
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- CN104155131A CN104155131A CN201410374789.7A CN201410374789A CN104155131A CN 104155131 A CN104155131 A CN 104155131A CN 201410374789 A CN201410374789 A CN 201410374789A CN 104155131 A CN104155131 A CN 104155131A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cable simulation device and a cable simulation method in a ship mooring physical model test. The cable simulation device comprises a box body, wherein tracks, spring systems, as well as a fixed plate and a tension plate which are horizontally arranged in parallel up and down, are arranged inside the box body; the tension plate can slide up and down along the tracks; the spring systems comprise a plurality of springs and connection pull rods which are different in lengths; the cable simulation method comprises the following steps: according to stress deformation characteristics of a cable to be simulated, the length of each spring and the length of each pull rod are calculated and determined, so as to constitute the spring systems and to keep connection with the tension plate; graded pulling forces are exerted; corresponding elongation of the tension plate is measured; through the spring systems with various lengths, nonlinear tension-elongation relation of the cable is simulated and the tension-elongation relation curves are drawn; the tension-elongation relation curves are compared with the stress deformation theoretical curves of the simulated cable; errors of the test results are checked. The cable simulation device provided by the invention solves technical problem of nonlinear load and deformation relation simulation of the cable in a ship mooring physical model test; the operability is good; the accuracy and the efficiency are high; the experimental effects are favorable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to marine traffic engineering technical field, relate to a kind of hawser analogue means and method thereof in a kind of the ship mooring physical experiments devices and methods therefor that is applicable to seashore, coastal waters and inland waters, particularly ship mooring physical experiments.
Background technology
Along with the development of economic globalization, sea-freight has occupied the support status in long-distance transport market with the unique advantage of economic, efficient, safety and environmental protection, the more and more prosperous development of shipping industry is maximized to boats and ships and harbour deep water has brought unprecedented opportunity, also the requirement of port construction has also been proposed to new challenge simultaneously.Be accompanied by the fast development of Large Sized Berth, often can occur in the phenomenon of the lower large ship generation shore-fast fracture of rope of the effects such as wind, wave, trend, cause thus serious accident.Before harbour, the stressed and ship motion of mooring ship hawser has very complicated relation, it not only relates to the non-linear constrain to boats and ships such as fender, mooring force, also relate to the effect of wind, water flow and wave, and different port berth arrangements also can directly have influence on the distribution of the mooring force of boats and ships as harbour length, structural arrangement etc. simultaneously.Wherein, the arrangement of mooring cable, usage quantity, initial tensioning power and material category all can produce important impact to the safety of boats and ships and dock structure and normal operation.As mentioned above, due to the diversity of the suffered external load of boats and ships, cable stress is very complicated, therefore often need to port berth and the design of mooring ship cable power etc. be verified and be optimized by the method for ship mooring physical experiments.The stress deformation characteristic of hawser is relevant with factors such as its length, diameter and materials, shows as obvious non-linear feature.
In at present conventional ship mooring physical experiments, cannot carry out the simulation of the pulling force of hawser and the nonlinear relationship of distortion, the main simulation of considering hawser elastic modulus, generally to find the similar material of distortion, as the approaching material of the performance such as wire rope, nylon wire to dwindle is tested, in experiment, to separately consider pulling force and the distortion of hawser, need carry out many experiments.Operability and accuracy are poor, and test efficiency is low, and test effect is poor.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defect of above-mentioned prior art, technical matters to be solved by this invention be propose that a kind of test of non-linear pulling force deformation simulative, operability of carrying out hawser is good, hawser analogue means and method thereof in accuracy and efficiency is high, test effect is good ship mooring physical experiments.
Technical purpose of the present invention is achieved in that hawser analogue means in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments, includes casing, it is characterized in that:
In casing, be provided with track, spring system and fixed head, tension board upper and lower horizontally disposed and that be parallel to each other, described tension board can slide up and down along track;
Described fixed head is provided with several upper plate holes, and described tension board is provided with several lower plate holes, and described upper plate hole and the quantity of lower plate hole are equal, and each hole is corresponding up and down, and the vertical projection in the center of circle of upper and lower corresponding aperture coincides;
Described spring system is made up of the several spring equating with the quantity of lower plate hole, and the upper end rigid connecting of described spring is connected to pull bar; Described pull bar is slidably through in the upper plate hole of fixed head; The lower end of spring keeps freely through the lower plate hole of tension board;
Described fixed head upper surface center is provided with a fixed bar straight up; Described tension board lower surface center is provided with a flexible piece to downward-extension.
Described fixed head is rigidly connected on cabinet wall; The lower surface of fixed head contacts with the upper end of track.
The stiffness coefficient of described spring is identical; The diameter of spring is at least not more than the diameter of the lower plate hole of tension board.
Described pull bar is marked with length scale; The diameter of pull bar is at least not more than the diameter of the upper plate hole of fixed head; A free segment away from spring of pull bar is provided with stop nut.
Described track is marked with the length scale with pull bar identical standard; Track is provided with stop.
In the lower plate hole of described tension board, be provided with set screw.
Testing site is fixed in one end away from the fixed head center of circle of described fixed bar; Fixed bar is at least a kind of high tensile of the materials such as steel, copper or rubber and the rigid bar of Compressive Strength.
One end away from tension board circle centre position of described flexible piece is applied with pulling force load; Flexible piece is at least the high-tensile flexible rope of one of the material such as wire rope or macromolecule nylon rope.
The horizontal cross-section of described casing is the one of circle, square or rectangle.
Hawser analogy method in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments of the present invention, is characterized in that, uses above-mentioned device, comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the loaded deformation characteristic of prototype hawser and physical experiments design, determine hawser loaded deformation family curve to be simulated in model test, and choose some as simulation reference mark (P
i, S
i)
i=1 ..., n, P
ifor pulling force load corresponding to each reference mark, S
ifor elongation corresponding to each reference mark, n is simulation reference mark number.
(2) adopt formula
The length L of every spring of calculative determination
i, K is spring rate, the quantity of spring is n, counts corresponding one by one with simulation control.
(3) according to calculating first spring length L of gained
1, close the stop on closed orbit, limit tension board position, loosen the stop nut on the pull bar corresponding with first spring, making first spring length between fixed head and tension board by adjusting yoke is L
1, the one end of tightening corresponding set screw on tension board and fix first spring, regulates the position of corresponding stop nut on the pull bar being connected with this spring, guarantees that the distance between stop nut and fixed head is zero, then tightens stop nut.
(4) according to calculating gained i root spring length L
i, loosen the stop nut on the pull bar corresponding with i root spring, making the i root spring length between fixed head and tension board by adjusting yoke is L
i, the one end of tightening corresponding set screw on tension board and fix i root spring, tightens corresponding stop nut on the pull bar being connected with this spring, regulates the position of corresponding stop nut on the pull bar being connected with this spring, guarantees that the distance between stop nut and fixed head is S
i-1, then tighten stop nut; Repeat above-mentioned steps, arrange after all n root springs until complete, open the stop on each track, tension board can be slided along track.
(5) one end of analogue means is connected with testing site by fixed bar, one end classification away from tension board circle centre position at flexible piece applies pulling force load, pulling force load action direction should keep vertical with tension board, and records the shift value of pulling force load action lower pulling force plates at different levels;
(6) according to values of thrust at different levels and corresponding shift value, draw pulling force-elongation curve, contrast with cable stress Deformation Theory curve to be simulated, and check analog result error.
Concrete advantage of the present invention and effect are:
(1) length of different springs can be according to the direct calculative determination of theoretical formula, and the degree that theorizes is high, has reduced the requirement of operating personnel being tested to experience.
(2), according to result of calculation, adopt stop nut to retrain respectively each pull bar, thereby the spring of having realized varying number, length under pulling force effects at different levels can participate in bearing pulling force load.
(3) the each tapping of tension board arranges set screw, plays the flexible effect of restraining spring, cooperatively interacts with pull bar upper limit nut, can regulate according to result of calculation the length of every spring.
(4) in device case, many tracks are set, pulling force effect lower pulling force plate slides along track, ensures that groups of springs can be overall stressed, also can guarantee that pulling force action direction is consistent with camber of spring direction.
(5) stop is set in orbit, in the time of adjusting instrument, tension board is played to interim restriction effect.
(6) between fixed head and tension board, be provided with the groups of springs of some spring compositions, and be provided with hole at fixed head and tension board correspondence position, can, according to simulation reference mark number, determine required number of springs in test.
In a word, hawser analogue means and method thereof in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments of the present invention, the test of non-linear pulling force deformation simulative, the operability that can carry out hawser are good, accuracy and efficiency is high, test effect is good.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of hawser analogue means in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments of the present invention, and figure medi-spring is 12.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of hawser analogy method in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the hawser loaded deformation family curve to be simulated of hawser analogy method in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments of the present invention, and wherein, simulation is controlled and counted is also that spring radical is 12.
In figure, 1 casing, 2 fixed heads, plate hole on 21,3 tracks, 4 tension boards, 41 times plate holes, 5 stop nuts, 6 pull bars, 7 set screws, 8 spring systems, 81 springs, 9 flexible pieces, 10 fixed screws, 11 fixed bars, 12 stops, 13 testing sites, 14 pulling force loads.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
Hawser analogue means in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments of the present invention, comprises casing (1), it is characterized in that:
In casing (1), be provided with track (3), spring system (8) and fixed head (2), tension board (4) upper and lower horizontally disposed and that be parallel to each other, described tension board (4) can slide up and down along track (3);
Described fixed head (2) is provided with several upper plate holes (21), described tension board (4) is provided with several lower plate holes (41), described upper plate hole (21) and the quantity of lower plate hole (41) equate, each hole is corresponding up and down, and the vertical projection in the center of circle of upper and lower corresponding aperture coincides;
Described spring system (8) is made up of the several springs (81) that equate with the quantity of lower plate hole (41), and the upper end rigid connecting of described spring (81) is connected to pull bar (6); Described pull bar (6) is slidably through in the upper plate hole (21) of fixed head (2); The lower end of spring (81) keeps freely through the lower plate hole (41) of tension board (4);
Described fixed head (2) upper surface center is provided with a fixed bar (11) straight up; Described tension board (4) lower surface center is provided with a flexible piece to downward-extension (9).
Described fixed head (2) is rigidly connected on casing (1) inwall; The lower surface of fixed head (2) contacts with the upper end of track (3).
Described spring system (8) is made up of spring (81) and the pull bar (6) of many different lengths; The stiffness coefficient of described spring (81) is identical, and direction keeping parallelism, is consistent with the action direction of drag load (14), keeps vertical with fixed head (2) and tension board (4).The diameter of spring (81) is at least not more than the diameter of the lower plate hole (41) of tension board (4).According to the stress deformation characteristic of hawser to be simulated, the length of calculative determination each (81) and pull bar (6).
Described pull bar (6) is marked with length scale as millimeter scale; The diameter of pull bar (6) is at least not more than the diameter of the upper plate hole (21) of fixed head (2); A free segment away from spring (81) of pull bar (6) is provided with stop nut (5).Regulate stop nut (5), the length of the each pull bar of capable of regulating (6) free segment also guarantees that spring (81) other end is connected well with fixed head (2).
The action direction of the drag load (14) of described orbital direction and spring system (8) is consistent; Track (3) is marked with the length scale of pull bar (6) same units as millimeter scale; Track (3) is provided with stop (12), for the interim position that limits tension board (4) when the adjusting instrument.
In the lower plate hole (41) of described tension board (4), be provided with set screw (7).Regulate set screw (7), the each spring of capable of regulating (81) length also guarantees that spring (81) one end is connected well with tension board (4).Screwed in place screw (7), spring (81) is located to be fixed at lower plate hole (41), loosens set screw (7), and spring (81) moves freely in lower plate hole (41).
Testing site (13) is fixed in one end away from fixed head (2) center of circle of described fixed bar (11); Drawing, under pressure-acting, himself stretcher strain of fixed bar (11) should be ignored.Fixed bar (11) is at least a kind of high tensile of the materials such as steel, copper or rubber and the rigid bar of Compressive Strength.
One end away from tension board (4) circle centre position of described flexible piece (9) is applied with pulling force load (14); Himself stretcher strain of flexible piece under pulling force effect (9) should be ignored.Flexible piece (9) is at least the high-tensile flexible rope of one of the material such as wire rope or macromolecule nylon rope.By flexible piece (9), gradablely apply drag load (14), and measure the mobile elongation of corresponding tension board (4), draw pulling force-elongation relation curve.
The horizontal cross-section of described casing (1) is the one of circle, square or rectangle.
Hawser analogy method in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments of the present invention, is characterized in that, above-mentioned device, comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the loaded deformation characteristic of prototype hawser and physical experiments design, determine hawser loaded deformation family curve to be simulated in model test, and choose some as simulation reference mark (P
i, S
i)
i=1 ..., n, P
ifor pulling force load (14) corresponding to each reference mark, S
ifor elongation corresponding to each reference mark, n is simulation reference mark number;
(2) adopt formula
The length L of every spring of calculative determination (81)
i, K is spring rate, the quantity of spring (81) is n, also treats the number of control points of simulation curve.The quantity of spring is counted corresponding one by one with simulation control.Theoretically, N is larger, and simulation more accurate, in actual tests, generally determined N value according to the Deformation Theory curve of hawser and test accuracy, and N is 5～8 conventionally.
(3) according to calculating first spring of gained (81) length L
1close the stop (12) on closed orbit (3), limit tension board (4) position, loosen the stop nut (5) on the pull bar (6) corresponding with first spring (81), making first spring (81) length between fixed head (2) and tension board (4) by adjusting yoke (6) is L
1tighten the upper corresponding set screw (7) of tension board (4) and fix one end of first spring (81), regulate the position of the upper corresponding stop nut (5) of pull bar (6) being connected with this spring (81), guarantee that the distance between stop nut (5) and fixed head (2) is zero, then tighten stop nut (5);
(4) according to calculating gained i root spring (81) length L
iloosen the stop nut (5) on the pull bar (6) corresponding with i root spring (81), making i root spring (81) length between fixed head (2) and tension board (4) by adjusting yoke (6) is L
itighten the upper corresponding set screw (7) of tension board (4) and fix one end of i root spring (81), tighten the upper corresponding stop nut (5) of the pull bar (6) being connected with this spring (81), regulate the position of the upper corresponding stop nut (5) of pull bar (6) being connected with this spring (81), guarantee that the distance between stop nut (5) and fixed head (2) is S
i-1, then tighten stop nut (5); Repeat above-mentioned steps, arrange after all n root springs (81) until complete, open the stop (12) on each track (3), tension board (4) can be slided along track (3).
(5) one end of analogue means is connected with testing site (13) by fixed bar (11), one end classification away from tension board (4) circle centre position at flexible piece (9) applies pulling force load (14), pulling force load (14) action direction should keep vertical with tension board (4), and records the shift value of pulling force loads at different levels (14) effect lower pulling force plates (4);
(6) according to values of thrust at different levels and corresponding shift value, draw pulling force-elongation curve, contrast with cable stress Deformation Theory curve to be simulated, and check analog result error.
Claims (10)
1. a hawser analogue means in ship mooring physical experiments, comprises casing (1), it is characterized in that:
In casing (1), be provided with track (3), spring system (8) and fixed head (2), tension board (4) upper and lower horizontally disposed and that be parallel to each other, described tension board (4) can slide up and down along track (3);
Described fixed head (2) is provided with several upper plate holes (21), described tension board (4) is provided with several lower plate holes (41), described upper plate hole (21) and the quantity of lower plate hole (41) equate, each hole is corresponding up and down, and the vertical projection in the center of circle of upper and lower corresponding aperture coincides;
Described spring system (8) is made up of the several springs (81) that equate with the quantity of lower plate hole (41), and the upper end rigid connecting of described spring (81) is connected to pull bar (6); Described pull bar (6) is slidably through in the upper plate hole (21) of fixed head (2); The lower end of spring (81) keeps freely through the lower plate hole (41) of tension board (4);
Described fixed head (2) upper surface center is provided with a fixed bar (11) straight up; Described tension board (4) lower surface center is provided with a flexible piece to downward-extension (9).
2. hawser analogue means in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fixed head (2) is rigidly connected on casing (1) inwall; The lower surface of fixed head (2) contacts with the upper end of track (3).
3. hawser analogue means in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the stiffness coefficient of described spring (81) is identical; The diameter of spring (81) is at least not more than the diameter of the lower plate hole (41) of tension board (4).
4. hawser analogue means in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pull bar (6) is marked with length scale; The diameter of pull bar (6) is at least not more than the diameter of the upper plate hole (21) of fixed head (2); A free segment away from spring (81) of pull bar (6) is provided with stop nut (5).
5. hawser analogue means in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described track (3) is marked with the length scale with pull bar (6) identical standard; Track (3) is provided with stop (12).
6. hawser analogue means in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the lower plate hole (41) of described tension board (4), be provided with set screw (7).
7. hawser analogue means in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments according to claim 1, is characterized in that: testing site (13) is fixed in one end away from fixed head (2) center of circle of described fixed bar (11); Fixed bar (11) is at least a kind of high tensile of the materials such as steel, copper or rubber and the rigid bar of Compressive Strength.
8. hawser analogue means in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments according to claim 1, is characterized in that: one end away from tension board (4) circle centre position of described flexible piece (9) is applied with pulling force load (14); Flexible piece (9) is at least the high-tensile flexible rope of one of the material such as wire rope or macromolecule nylon rope.
9. hawser analogue means in a kind of ship mooring physical experiments according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the horizontal cross-section of described casing (1) is the one of circle, square or rectangle.
10. a hawser analogy method in ship mooring physical experiments, is characterized in that, right to use requires the device described in 1 to 9, comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the loaded deformation characteristic of prototype hawser and physical experiments design, determine hawser loaded deformation family curve to be simulated in model test, and choose some as simulation reference mark (P
i, S
i)
i=1 ..., n, P
ifor pulling force load (14) corresponding to each reference mark, S
ifor elongation corresponding to each reference mark, n is simulation reference mark number;
(2) adopt formula
The length L of every spring of calculative determination (81)
i, K is spring rate, the quantity of spring (81) is n, counts corresponding one by one with simulation control;
(3) according to calculating first spring of gained (81) length L
1close the stop (12) on closed orbit (3), limit tension board (4) position, loosen the stop nut (5) on the pull bar (6) corresponding with first spring (81), making first spring (81) length between fixed head (2) and tension board (4) by adjusting yoke (6) is L
1tighten the upper corresponding set screw (7) of tension board (4) and fix one end of first spring (81), regulate the position of the upper corresponding stop nut (5) of pull bar (6) being connected with this spring (81), guarantee that the distance between stop nut (5) and fixed head (2) is zero, then tighten stop nut (5);
(4) according to calculating gained i root spring (81) length L
iloosen the stop nut (5) on the pull bar (6) corresponding with i root spring (81), making i root spring (81) length between fixed head (2) and tension board (4) by adjusting yoke (6) is L
itighten the upper corresponding set screw (7) of tension board (4) and fix one end of i root spring (81), tighten the upper corresponding stop nut (5) of the pull bar (6) being connected with this spring (81), regulate the position of the upper corresponding stop nut (5) of pull bar (6) being connected with this spring (81), guarantee that the distance between stop nut (5) and fixed head (2) is S
i-1, then tighten stop nut (5); Repeat above-mentioned steps, arrange after all n root springs (81) until complete, open the stop (12) on each track (3), tension board (4) can be slided along track (3).
(5) one end of analogue means is connected with testing site (13) by fixed bar (11), one end classification away from tension board (4) circle centre position at flexible piece (9) applies pulling force load (14), pulling force load (14) action direction should keep vertical with tension board (4), and records the shift value of pulling force loads at different levels (14) effect lower pulling force plates (4);
(6) according to values of thrust at different levels and corresponding shift value, draw pulling force-elongation curve, contrast with cable stress Deformation Theory curve to be simulated, and check analog result error.
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| CN110567630A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-12-13 | 大连理工大学 | Model test device of ship mooring rope |
| WO2021054643A1 (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2021-03-25 | 한국해양과학기술원 | Nonlinear mooring simulation device |
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| CN114281117A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-04-05 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Anchoring device and method capable of finely regulating initial tension of mooring rope for mooring test |
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