CN104153741A - Control valve system for external casing packer - Google Patents
Control valve system for external casing packer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104153741A CN104153741A CN201410423645.6A CN201410423645A CN104153741A CN 104153741 A CN104153741 A CN 104153741A CN 201410423645 A CN201410423645 A CN 201410423645A CN 104153741 A CN104153741 A CN 104153741A
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- pressure limiting
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- seat
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas well cementation and completion tools and particularly provides a control valve system for an external casing packer. The control valve system comprises a locking valve, a check valve and a pressure-limiting valve, wherein the locking valve, the check valve and the pressure-limiting valve are respectively arranged on a valve body. The bottom of a valve port of the locking valve is communicated with a liquid inlet channel I. The valve port of the locking valve is communicated with the bottom of a valve port of the check valve through a liquid inlet channel II. The valve port of the check valve is communicated with a valve port of the pressure-limiting valve through a liquid inlet channel III. The valve port of the pressure-limiting valve is communicated with a liquid inlet channel IV communicated with a packer rubber tube expansion chamber. The bottom of the valve port of the pressure-limiting valve is communicated with a liquid return channel communicated with a rubber tube. All the valves in the valve system are simple in structure, reliable in sealing and flexible to open; through the dual cutoff and checking effects of the locking valve and the check valve, liquid in the rubber tube is prevented from flowing back, and therefore permanent sealing is achieved. The control valve system is simple in structure, high in reliability and capable of effectively preventing the risk of a valve bank action failure and ensuring normal construction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the control valve system of petroleum gas solid completion tool technical field, particularly external casing packer.
Background technology
It is to be changed by pressure by control valve system that well cementation sets with external casing packer realization, and packing element is expanded, and realizes the sealing of well ring, reaches the object on packing stratum.Control valve system is the core control system of external casing packer, the integrated morphology of external casing packer feed pathway, control pressurer system and sealing system, affecting expansion effect and the degree to the effective packing in stratum of instrument, is the assurance of the outer packing Completion Techniques successful Application of pipe.
The external casing packer being comprised of control valve system and packing element, is widely used in the solid completion of horizontal well, is mainly that payzone is carried out to effective packing, avoids altering mutually between interval, and manufacture control and the volume increase transformation for the later stage simultaneously provides basis.Conventional external casing packer control valve is numerous and diverse, easily causes between each valve, to move discontinuously, and fluid course cannot transmit or sealing liquid; And the valve being comprised of two groups of valves is, if one group of defective valve, causing control valve is global failure.Therefore, control valve system can be comprised of lock valve, ball-and-seat and three groups of valves of pressure limiting valve respectively, so that every group of valve is can implementation structure simple, reliability is strong, can effectively prevent the risk that exists valve group to lose efficacy in construction, guarantees that external casing packer normally sets.
Summary of the invention
The control valve system that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of external casing packer, can effectively prevent the risk that in construction, the action of valve group was lost efficacy, and guarantees to construct and normally carries out.For this reason, the invention provides a kind of external casing packer control valve is, comprise valve body, on described valve body, be respectively equipped with lock valve, ball-and-seat and pressure limiting valve, lock valve valve opening bottom communicates with feed pathway I, lock valve valve opening communicates with ball-and-seat valve opening bottom by feed pathway II, ball-and-seat valve opening communicates with pressure limiting valve valve opening by feed pathway III, pressure limiting valve valve opening communicates with the feed pathway IV that is communicated with packing element expansion chamber, and the bottom of pressure limiting valve valve opening communicates with the liquid passage that returns that is communicated with packing element.
Above-mentioned lock valve comprises lock valve valve opening, lock valve valve rod, lock valve key seat, lock valve cuts off and lock valve pressure cap, described lock valve valve rod is placed in lock valve valve opening, described lock valve valve rod lower end is provided with the two pass slipper seal that can seal lock valve valve opening, the upper end of lock valve valve rod is placed in lock valve key seat, lock valve key seat is cut off with lock valve pressure cap and is linked together by lock valve, and lock valve pressure cap is fixed in the screwed hole of lock valve valve opening upper end by screw thread; Described feed pathway II communicates with the middle part of lock valve valve opening.
Above-mentioned ball-and-seat comprises ball-and-seat valve opening, ball-and-seat pressure cap, ball-and-seat valve and spring, and described ball-and-seat pressure cap is fixed in the screwed hole of ball-and-seat valve opening upper end by screw thread; Ball-and-seat valve adopts vulcanized rubber sealing, and is assemblied in ball-and-seat valve opening bottom, and described spring one end is seated at ball-and-seat valve core, and the other end is seated at ball-and-seat pressure cap lower end; Described feed pathway III communicates from the middle part of ball-and-seat valve opening.
Above-mentioned pressure limiting valve comprises that pressure limiting valve valve opening, pressure limiting valve valve rod, pressure limiting valve cut off, pressure limiting valve guide and pressure limiting valve pressure cap, described pressure limiting valve valve rod is placed in pressure limiting valve valve opening, by pressure limiting valve, cut off pressure limiting valve valve rod and pressure limiting valve guide are fixed together, and being placed in pressure limiting valve pressure cap inner core, pressure limiting valve pressure cap is fixed in the screwed hole of pressure limiting valve valve opening upper end by screw thread; The middle part of pressure limiting valve valve rod and lower end are respectively equipped with slipper seal that can packing pressure limiting valve valve opening, and the space surrounding between twice slipper seal in pressure limiting valve valve opening forms pressure limiting valve valve chamber; Feed pathway III communicates with pressure limiting valve valve chamber respectively with feed pathway IV, and the interface of feed pathway ⅢYu pressure limiting valve valve chamber is positioned at the top of the interface of feed pathway ⅣYu pressure limiting valve valve chamber; The outlet of feed pathway III is positioned at the top of pressure limiting valve valve chamber, and the entrance of feed pathway IV is positioned at the middle part of pressure limiting valve valve chamber, feed pathway IV with return liquid passage by the lower end seal pack of pressure limiting valve valve rod.
Described valve body is the cylindrical structural of hollow, and screw thread is installed on the end of external casing packer, and described lock valve, ball-and-seat and pressure limiting valve are arranged on valve body successively by the axial direction of external casing packer.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is mainly comprised of lock valve, ball-and-seat and three groups of valves of pressure limiting valve, and every group of valve arrangement is simple, sealing is reliable, and each valve is opened flexibly; The double action of lock valve and ball-and-seat, prevents that in packing element, liquid backflows, and realizes permanent seal.This control valve architecture is simple, and reliability is strong, can effectively prevent the risk that in construction, the action of valve group was lost efficacy, and guarantees to construct and normally carries out.
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further details.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is external casing packer control valve architecture schematic diagram
Description of reference numerals: 1, valve body; 2, lock valve valve rod; 3, lock valve pressure cap; 4, lock valve key seat; 5, lock valve cuts off; 6, ball-and-seat valve; 7, spring; 8, ball-and-seat pressure cap; 9, pressure limiting valve valve rod; 10, pressure limiting valve pressure cap; 11, pressure limiting valve cuts off; 12, pressure limiting valve guide; 13, lock valve valve opening; 14, ball-and-seat valve opening; 15, pressure limiting valve valve opening; 16, pressure limiting valve valve chamber; 17, feed pathway I; 18, feed pathway II; 19, feed pathway III; 20, feed pathway IV; 21, return liquid passage.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
External casing packer control valve system as shown in Figure 1, comprise valve body 1, on valve body 1, be respectively equipped with lock valve, ball-and-seat and pressure limiting valve, lock valve valve opening 13 bottoms communicate with feed pathway I 17, lock valve valve opening 13 communicates with ball-and-seat valve opening 14 bottoms by feed pathway II 18, ball-and-seat valve opening 14 communicates with pressure limiting valve valve opening 15 by feed pathway III 19, pressure limiting valve valve opening 15 communicates with the feed pathway IV 20 that is communicated with packing element expansion chamber, and the bottom of pressure limiting valve valve opening 15 communicates with the liquid passage 21 that returns that is communicated with packing element.
Embodiment 2:
On the basis of embodiment 1, described lock valve comprises that lock valve valve opening 13, lock valve valve rod 2, lock valve key seat 4, lock valve cut off 5 and lock valve pressure cap 3, described lock valve valve rod 2 is placed in lock valve valve opening 13, described lock valve valve rod 2 lower ends are provided with the two pass slipper seal that can seal lock valve valve opening 13, adopt two pass slipper seal can make sealing performance better.The upper end of lock valve valve rod 2 is placed in lock valve key seat 4, and lock valve key seat 4 cuts off 5 by lock valve and links together with lock valve pressure cap 3, and lock valve pressure cap 3 is fixed in the screwed hole of lock valve valve opening 13 upper ends by screw thread; Described feed pathway II 18 communicates with the middle part of lock valve valve opening 13.
Described lock valve pressure cap 3 is double step column structure, inner chamber step hollow.During original state, the tight valve pin seat 4 of valve is because lock valve cuts off 5 effect, and the tight valve pin seat 4 of valve is positioned at the first step of lock valve pressure cap 3, and relative position is fixed.Lock valve valve rod 2 can be done relatively limited motion the tight valve pin seat 4 of valve is interior.When the hydraulic pressure value from feed pathway I 17 reaches certain value, on lock valve valve rod 2, move, lock valve cuts off 5 and is cut off, along with the increase of pressure,
Lock valve valve rod 2 promotes to move on lock valve key seat 4, makes lock valve key seat 4 loudspeaker place, lower end seats in the interior step place of lock valve pressure cap 3, and feed pathway II 18 is exposed with the import of lock valve valve opening 13, and highly pressurised liquid enters feed pathway II 18 by feed pathway I 17.After completing liquid transfer, lock valve valve rod 2, under head of liquid effect, returns to initial position, and the tight valve pin seat 4 of while valve is along with lock valve valve rod 2 moves down, and loudspeaker place, lower end departs from the interior step place of lock valve pressure cap 3, and feed pathway II 18 is closed.
Described ball-and-seat comprises ball-and-seat valve opening 14, ball-and-seat pressure cap 8, ball-and-seat valve 6 and spring 7, and described ball-and-seat pressure cap 8 is fixed in the screwed hole of ball-and-seat valve opening 14 upper ends by screw thread; The seat of ball-and-seat valve 6 is upper with vulcanized rubber, adopts vulcanized rubber sealing, and is assemblied in ball-and-seat valve opening 14 bottoms, and described spring 7 one end are seated at ball-and-seat valve 6 cores, and the other end is seated at ball-and-seat pressure cap 8 lower ends; Described feed pathway III 19 communicates from the middle part of ball-and-seat valve opening 14.
Described pressure limiting valve comprises that pressure limiting valve valve opening 15, pressure limiting valve valve rod 9, pressure limiting valve cut off 11, pressure limiting valve guide 12 and pressure limiting valve pressure cap 10, described pressure limiting valve valve rod 9 is placed in pressure limiting valve valve opening 15, by pressure limiting valve, cutting off 11 is fixed together pressure limiting valve valve rod 9 and pressure limiting valve guide 12, and being placed in pressure limiting valve pressure cap 10 inner cores, pressure limiting valve pressure cap 10 is fixed in the screwed hole of pressure limiting valve valve opening 15 upper ends by screw thread; The middle part of pressure limiting valve valve rod 9 and lower end are respectively equipped with slipper seal that can packing pressure limiting valve valve opening 15, and the space surrounding between twice slipper seal in pressure limiting valve valve opening 15 forms pressure limiting valve valve chamber 16; Feed pathway III 19 communicates with pressure limiting valve valve chamber 16 respectively with feed pathway IV 20, and the interface of feed pathway Ⅲ19Yu pressure limiting valve valve chamber 16 is positioned at the top of the interface of feed pathway Ⅳ20Yu pressure limiting valve valve chamber 16; The outlet of feed pathway III 19 is positioned at the top of pressure limiting valve valve chamber 16, and the entrance of feed pathway IV 20 is positioned at the middle part of pressure limiting valve valve chamber 16, returns liquid passage 21 and is positioned at pressure limiting valve valve body lower portion.Feed pathway IV 20 with return liquid passage 21 by the lower end seal pack of pressure limiting valve valve rod 9.Highly pressurised liquid enters packing element by feed pathway IV 20, and when the pressure in packing element reaches limit value, pressure limiting valve cuts off 12 and cuts off, and pressure limiting valve cuts out feed pathway automatically, and liquid stops entering packing element.
Described valve body 1 screw thread is installed on the end of external casing packer, is cylindrical structural, hollow, and two ends are processed with screw thread, are convenient to be connected with external casing packer packing element.Described lock valve, ball-and-seat and pressure limiting valve are arranged on valve body 1 successively by the axial direction of external casing packer.
The principle course of work of the present invention is as follows:
With reference to Fig. 1, this control valve system is comprised of lock valve, ball-and-seat and three groups of valves of pressure limiting valve, and each valve group has independent effect, and associated working can realize safety and set.On valve body 1, by being separated with lock valve, ball-and-seat and pressure limiting valve between axial arranging.Lock valve bottom is connected with feed pathway, middle part has feed pathway to communicate with ball-and-seat bottom, ball-and-seat middle part has feed pathway to be communicated to pressure limiting valve valve chamber 16, there is the feed pathway of leading to packing element expansion chamber at pressure limiting valve middle part, pressure limiting valve bottom have be communicated with packing element expansion chamber return liquid passage 21.Lock valve communicates with feed pathway I 17, feed pathway II 18 is communicated with lock valve and ball-and-seat, feed pathway III 19 is communicated with ball-and-seat and pressure limiting valve, feed pathway IV 20 is that fluid flows to the passage of packing element expansion chamber from pressure limiting valve, and returning 21, liquid passage is that liquid returns out the passage that flows to pressure limiting valve from packing element expansion chamber.
When field engineering is implemented, valve body 1 forms one with packing rubber sleeve, forms a set of complete external casing packer, is connected in lower going-into-well with bunch tube, and each valve is all in closed condition.When external casing packer is lowered to after design attitude, by well head, suppress the liquid feed pathway I 17 of flowing through, when pressure reaches certain value, lock valve cuts off 5 and will be cut off, lock valve valve rod 2 by move, expose feed pathway II 18, liquid flows to ball-and-seat through lock valve, feed pathway II 18.Under pressure, spring 7 compressions, on ball-and-seat valve 6, move, liquid is flowed through after by ball-and-seat after feed pathway III 19, pressure limiting valve valve chamber 16, feed pathway IV 20 and is entered packing element expansion chamber, packing element is expanded and form sealing with borehole wall close contact.When fluid pressure reaches certain value, pressure limiting valve cuts off (11) and is cut off, and returns on the liquid-driving pressure limiting valve valve rod 9 in liquid passage 21 and moves, and feed pathway IV 20 is closed, and liquid stops transmitting.Now lock valve valve rod 2, under head of liquid effect, returns to initial position, and the tight valve pin seat 4 of while valve is along with lock valve valve rod 2 moves down, and loudspeaker place, lower end departs from the interior step place of lock valve pressure cap 3, and feed pathway II 18 is closed, and lock valve forever cuts out.Meanwhile, ball-and-seat valve 6 under the effect of spring 7, under be moved back into original position, ball-and-seat is closed.Dual cutout, check action due to lock valve and ball-and-seat, control valve is that expansion packing element is a continuous and irreversible process, and control valve system opens rear infusion liquid and must work continuously, once stop, valve is locked, liquid flow hole sealing, all liq control valve system that cannot again flow through comes in and goes out.
Result of use of the present invention, the scope of application and application prospect:
Control valve system is the core control system of external packer of pipe, the integrated morphology of external packer of pipe feed pathway, control pressurer system and sealing system, affecting expansion effect and the degree to the effective packing in stratum of instrument, is the assurance of the outer packing Completion Techniques successful Application of pipe.The external casing packer being comprised of control valve system and packing element, is widely used in the solid completion of horizontal well, is mainly that payzone is carried out to effective packing, avoids altering mutually between interval, and manufacture control and the volume increase transformation for the later stage simultaneously provides basis.
The present invention is mainly comprised of lock valve, ball-and-seat and three groups of valves of pressure limiting valve, and every group of valve arrangement is simple, and sealing is reliable, and each valve is opened flexibly; The cutout of lock valve and ball-and-seat, single current double action, prevent that in packing element, liquid backflows, and realizes permanent seal.This control valve architecture is simple, and reliability is strong, can effectively prevent the risk that in construction, the action of valve group was lost efficacy, and guarantees to construct and normally carries out.If designed this external casing packer control valve owner is controlled and is first carried out cementing job by pressure, then setting pipe external packer, to reach follow-up fracturing work requirement.
The part that the present embodiment does not describe in detail belongs to the known conventional means of the industry, here not narration one by one.More than exemplifying is only to illustrate of the present invention, does not form the restriction to protection scope of the present invention, within the every and same or analogous design of the present invention all belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. external casing packer control valve is, comprise valve body (1), it is characterized in that: described valve body is respectively equipped with lock valve on (1), ball-and-seat and pressure limiting valve, lock valve valve opening (13) bottom communicates with feed pathway I (17), lock valve valve opening (13) communicates with ball-and-seat valve opening (14) bottom by feed pathway II (18), ball-and-seat valve opening (14) communicates with pressure limiting valve valve opening (15) by feed pathway III (19), pressure limiting valve valve opening (15) communicates with the feed pathway IV (20) that is communicated with packing element expansion chamber, the bottom of pressure limiting valve valve opening (15) communicates with the liquid passage (21) that returns that is communicated with packing element.
2. external casing packer control valve as claimed in claim 1 is, it is characterized in that: described lock valve comprises lock valve valve opening (13), lock valve valve rod (2), lock valve key seat (4), lock valve cuts off (5) and lock valve pressure cap (3), described lock valve valve rod (2) is placed in lock valve valve opening (13), described lock valve valve rod (2) lower end is provided with the two pass slipper seal that can seal lock valve valve opening (13), the upper end of lock valve valve rod (2) is placed in lock valve key seat (4), lock valve key seat (4) cuts off (5) by lock valve and links together with lock valve pressure cap (3), lock valve pressure cap (3) is fixed in the screwed hole of lock valve valve opening (13) upper end by screw thread, described feed pathway II (18) communicates with the middle part of lock valve valve opening (13).
3. external casing packer control valve as claimed in claim 1 is, it is characterized in that: described ball-and-seat comprises ball-and-seat valve opening (14), ball-and-seat pressure cap (8), ball-and-seat valve (6) and spring (7), described ball-and-seat pressure cap (8) is fixed in the screwed hole of ball-and-seat valve opening (14) upper end by screw thread; Ball-and-seat valve (6) adopts vulcanized rubber sealing, and is assemblied in ball-and-seat valve opening (14) bottom, and described spring (7) one end is seated at ball-and-seat valve (6) core, and the other end is seated at ball-and-seat pressure cap (8) lower end; Described feed pathway III (19) communicates from the middle part of ball-and-seat valve opening (14).
4. external casing packer control valve as claimed in claim 1 is, it is characterized in that: described pressure limiting valve comprises pressure limiting valve valve opening (15), pressure limiting valve valve rod (9), pressure limiting valve cuts off (11), pressure limiting valve guide (12) and pressure limiting valve pressure cap (10), described pressure limiting valve valve rod (9) is placed in pressure limiting valve valve opening (15), by pressure limiting valve, cutting off (11) is fixed together pressure limiting valve valve rod (9) and pressure limiting valve guide (12), and be placed in pressure limiting valve pressure cap (10) inner core, pressure limiting valve pressure cap (10) is fixed in the screwed hole of pressure limiting valve valve opening (15) upper end by screw thread, the middle part of pressure limiting valve valve rod (9) and lower end are respectively equipped with slipper seal that can packing pressure limiting valve valve opening (15), and the space surrounding between twice slipper seal in pressure limiting valve valve opening (15) forms pressure limiting valve valve chamber (16), feed pathway III (19) communicates with pressure limiting valve valve chamber (16) respectively with feed pathway IV (20), and the interface of feed pathway III (19) and pressure limiting valve valve chamber (16) is positioned at the top of the interface of feed pathway IV (20) and pressure limiting valve valve chamber (16), the outlet of feed pathway III (19) is positioned at the top of pressure limiting valve valve chamber (16), the entrance of feed pathway IV (20) is positioned at the middle part of pressure limiting valve valve chamber (16), feed pathway IV (20) with return liquid passage (21) by the lower end seal pack of pressure limiting valve valve rod (9).
5. external casing packer control valve as claimed in claim 1 is, it is characterized in that: described valve body (1) is the cylindrical structural of hollow, screw thread is installed on the end of external casing packer, and described lock valve, ball-and-seat and pressure limiting valve are arranged on valve body (1) successively by the axial direction of external casing packer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410423645.6A CN104153741A (en) | 2014-08-26 | 2014-08-26 | Control valve system for external casing packer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410423645.6A CN104153741A (en) | 2014-08-26 | 2014-08-26 | Control valve system for external casing packer |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104153741A true CN104153741A (en) | 2014-11-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410423645.6A Pending CN104153741A (en) | 2014-08-26 | 2014-08-26 | Control valve system for external casing packer |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN104153741A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111456672A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-07-28 | 刘超 | Hydraulic expansion type packer |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1393339A (en) * | 1973-11-22 | 1975-05-07 | Krechel J L | Compressor unloader and check valve unit |
| CN1038135A (en) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-12-20 | 三井石油化学工业株式会社 | The cooling means of fuse and device in the spinning equipment |
| US7147059B2 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2006-12-12 | Shell Oil Company | Use of downhole high pressure gas in a gas-lift well and associated methods |
| CN202000956U (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2011-10-05 | 东营百华石油技术开发有限公司 | External casing packer |
| CN102747979A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2012-10-24 | 山东胜油固井工程技术有限公司 | Bidirectional self-locking type external casing packer |
| CN203230385U (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2013-10-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Dual valve device of external casing packer |
| CN204082090U (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2015-01-07 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司工程技术研究院 | A kind of external casing packer control valve system |
-
2014
- 2014-08-26 CN CN201410423645.6A patent/CN104153741A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1393339A (en) * | 1973-11-22 | 1975-05-07 | Krechel J L | Compressor unloader and check valve unit |
| CN1038135A (en) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-12-20 | 三井石油化学工业株式会社 | The cooling means of fuse and device in the spinning equipment |
| US7147059B2 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2006-12-12 | Shell Oil Company | Use of downhole high pressure gas in a gas-lift well and associated methods |
| CN202000956U (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2011-10-05 | 东营百华石油技术开发有限公司 | External casing packer |
| CN102747979A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2012-10-24 | 山东胜油固井工程技术有限公司 | Bidirectional self-locking type external casing packer |
| CN203230385U (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2013-10-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Dual valve device of external casing packer |
| CN204082090U (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2015-01-07 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司工程技术研究院 | A kind of external casing packer control valve system |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111456672A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-07-28 | 刘超 | Hydraulic expansion type packer |
| CN111456672B (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2022-04-26 | 大庆市地油石油机械有限公司 | Hydraulic expansion type packer |
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Application publication date: 20141119 |
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