CN104152645A - Cast steel shot air cooling quenching device and quenching method - Google Patents
Cast steel shot air cooling quenching device and quenching method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104152645A CN104152645A CN201410436497.1A CN201410436497A CN104152645A CN 104152645 A CN104152645 A CN 104152645A CN 201410436497 A CN201410436497 A CN 201410436497A CN 104152645 A CN104152645 A CN 104152645A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cast steel shot air cooling quenching device and quenching method. Air cooling is adopted, and therefore the influence of the water vapour is avoided, excessive corrosion of a cast steel shot cannot happen, the subsequent rust treatment working procedure is not required, that is, surface grinding treatment is no longer necessary, the technology is relatively simple, and energy consumption is small. On the whole, compared with a water quenching device, a required technology device, namely, the cast steel shot air cooling quenching device, is simpler in structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device quenching for cast steel ball, and corresponding quenching method.
Background technology
Ball blast is a kind of process of surface treatment, similar technique also has sandblast and shot-peening, wherein ball blast is a cold-treating process, be divided into impeller blasting and throwing pill strengthening, impeller blasting is as the term suggests be to improve visual appearance in order to remove the impurity such as surface scale, throwing pill strengthening is exactly that bullet (60-110m/s) the stream bump that utilizes high-speed motion is reinforced workpiece surface, force target material surface and top layer (0.10-0.85mm) in cyclicity deformation process, occurs below variation: 1. microstructure generation modification; 2. flow extexine heterogeneous is introduced residual compressive stress, and internal skin produces residual tension; 3. outer surface roughness change (Ra Rz).
Ball blast material has multiple, and typical feature is all to have higher hardness, and wherein shot application is more extensive, and said shot adopts cast steel ball conventionally, and cast steel surface hardness is not high, therefore needs by quenching to improve surface hardness.
It is that after being heated preset temperature, water is cooling fast that traditional cast steel ball is produced, because water-cooled rear surface is black dimmed, after drying, can generate the thick iron rust of one deck, follow-uply need to reheat transpiring moisture, then carry out surface grinding processing, also need to carry out water treatment, complex procedures simultaneously, power consumption is large, has greatly increased production cost.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the present invention proposes a kind of cast steel ball quenching device based on air-cooled, technique is relatively simple, consumes energy little, and has effectively evaded the problem of water-cooling process complexity; Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a kind of cast steel ball quenching method based on air-cooled.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of cast steel ball air-cooled quenching device, comprising:
Air blast quenching chamber, is the vertical structure that upper end is open, and bottom is provided with air door, and the higher position of a side in relative both sides, middle and upper part has opening for feed, and the relatively low position of opposite side has discharge port;
Fan, accesses described air blast quenching chamber via described air door, so that cooling air to be provided;
Shot quenching screen, is laid between opening for feed and discharge port, thereby the air blast quenching chamber that forms the inclination from opening for feed to discharge port is every sieve;
Wind speed reduces chamber, is configured to upper end for the conically shaped of large end, go to the bottom identical with air blast quenching chamber upper base, thereby this wind speed reduces lower end, chamber and upper end, air blast quenching chamber is docked and connected; And
Dust settling chamber, is configured to the conically shaped that upper end is small end, and it is identical with the air-cooled upper base that reduces chamber to go to the bottom, thereby this dust settling chamber lower end and wind speed reduce the upper end of chamber, is docked and connected, and wherein the upper base of dust settling chamber leaves interface tube, for the connection of dust removal installation.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of cast steel ball air blast quenching method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Take gravity as feeding motivating force, and adopting the mesh screen under being tilted to is that feeding channel carries out feeding, by the coupling at mesh screen angle of inclination, produces the input and output material cycle of different-grain diameter cast steel ball;
On feeding path, adopt cooling air upwards to quench to the cast steel ball on feeding path, by controlling air quantity with the cast steel ball of coupling different-grain diameter;
And above feeding path, by reducing blast, carry out the selection by winnowing of the cast steel ball walked on box haul;
The cast steel ball gap that waste gas after selection by winnowing cast steel ball further mates predetermined particle diameter stops rear combustion gas.
According to the present invention, adopt air-cooledly, thereby be not subject to the impact of steam, thereby the excessive corrosion that can not produce cast steel ball does not need follow-up iron rust treatment process, no longer needs surface grinding to process, technique is relatively simple, and power consumption is few.And on the whole, needed processing unit, cast steel ball air-cooled quenching device is simply too much than water quenching structure.
Above-mentioned cast steel ball air-cooled quenching device, the angle of described shot quenching screen and horizontal plane is 5 °～7 °, satisfied, utilizes under the descending condition of gravity, can on shot quenching screen, be detained the sufficiently long time, meets the needs that quench.
Further, for convenience of adjusting, described air blast quenching chamber is equipped with supporting structure in a side that is provided with opening for feed with a side that is provided with discharge port, by this supporting structure, adjusts the angle between shot quenching screen and horizontal plane.
Preferably, described supporting structure is the DOCK LEVELER that is rigidly fixed in bottom, air blast quenching chamber, compact construction, and also convenient adjustment, and stability might as well.
The cross section of described air blast quenching chamber is rectangle, and the length on limit, opening for feed place is less than adjacent edge, one-piece construction relative compact.
Described air door is horizontally disposed with, and is provided with two blast inlets arranged side by side in shot quenching screen tendency direction, makes entered cooling air relatively even.
For meeting the quenching of different-grain diameter cast steel ball, described fan is furnished with air quantity adjustment mechanism.
Further sort, be flatly placed with the pipe that multilayer is parallel to each other in described dust settling chamber, adjacent layers pipe is staggered, and forms the gap that stops to the shot of predetermined particle diameter between pipe.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the main TV structure schematic diagram (omission dedusting fan) according to a kind of cast steel ball air-cooled quenching device embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the left TV structure schematic diagram corresponding to Fig. 1.
In figure: 1. dust settling chamber; 2. wind speed reduces chamber; 3. air blast quenching chamber; 4. opening for feed; 5. discharge port; 6. shot quenching screen; 7. shot baffle plate; 701. shot outlets; 8. left blast inlet; 9. install base plate; 10. right blast inlet; 11. right side DOCK LEVELERs; 12. left side DOCK LEVELERs; 13. air blast quenching chambers and wind speed reduce chamber web plate; 14. steel pipes; 15. dust settling chamber upper junction plates; 16. dust settling chambers and wind speed reduce connection portion, chamber; 17. dedusting fans; 18. air blast quenching chamber inspection ports.
Embodiment
Field of Heat-treatment technician should know, from narrowly, more than quenching is heated to critical temperature (Ac3 or Ac1) steel part exactly, insulation certain hour makes it after austenite, again be greater than the speed of cooling of overlooking speed of cooling carry out cooling, thereby obtain martensite or/and the thermal treatment process of bainite structure.
Quench, according to heat-eliminating medium, divide, there are dry quenching, gas quenching, air blast quenching, cold quenching, oil quenchinng, brine quenching, hot bath quenching, spray quenching and fog quenching etc., also exist and meet the load quenching of quenching as fog quenching and air blast quenching, because current cast steel ball mainly adopts cold quenching, there is many defects, then, the quenching method that exploitation also adapts except the air-cooled quenching device for cast steel ball.
Air blast quenching itself is relatively ripe, at this, no longer deeply describes air blast quenching itself, and hereinafter, emphasis is described air blast quenching equipment and the method for cast steel ball.
With reference to Figure of description 1 and 2, a kind of cast steel ball air-cooled quenching device, its basic structure comprises:
Air blast quenching chamber 3, is positioned at the bottom of structure shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and integral body is the column cylinder (whole is barrel shaped structure) of lower end closed, usual arrangement states is vertical structure, end cap is not established in upper end, forms the open structure in upper end, for being connected with other parts.
The bottom of air blast quenching chamber is provided with air door, two blast inlets as shown in the lower part of Figure 1, i.e. left blast inlet 8 and right blast inlet 10, be used for introducing cooling gas, air-cooled gas source is mainly the gas of surrounding enviroment, filters if desired, makes associated gas purer, the speed of cooling mainly amount of following the wind is relevant, therefore,, for air blast quenching chamber, meet the through-flow air quantity adapting at the appointed time, based on this, those skilled in the art can understand.
The higher position of a side in the relative both sides, middle and upper part of air blast quenching chamber 5 has opening for feed 4, and the relatively low position of opposite side has discharge port 5, and as the left and right sides, Fig. 1 bottom, natural feed direction is from left to right.
Configuration fan, dedusting fan 17 as shown in Figure 2, mainly adopts centrifugal blower, and air quantity is large, and air blast quenching is less demanding to blast, therefore, uses centrifugal blower cost also lower, and can meet service requirements.Specific configuration structure teacher, accesses described air blast quenching chamber 3 via described air door, so that cooling air to be provided, for the adjusting of air quantity, mainly according to the particle diameter of cast steel ball, regulates.
Then the interior shot quenching screen 6 that arranges in air blast quenching chamber 3, be laid between opening for feed 4 and discharge port 5, due to opening for feed 4 height, discharge port 5 positions are relatively low, thereby form from charging, the 4 air blast quenching chambers that tilt to discharge port 5, every sieve, as shown in Figure 1, form the passage of an inclination like this, utilize action of gravity, cast steel ball after heating enters into shot quenching screen 6 from opening for feed 4, and then cast steel ball is descending along shot quenching screen 6, and wind carries out cooling fast from bottom to top to cast steel ball.
When air quantity is larger, can carry out the larger cast steel ball of particle diameter ratio cooling fast, otherwise, applicable to the relatively little cast steel ball of particle diameter.
The production of cast steel ball not, as the ball of for example bearing, has size and the particle diameter of standard, and the cast steel ball that ball blast is used utilizes steel scrap just to make often, and in a collection of cast steel ball, particle diameter differs larger, and particle diameter is inhomogeneous in other words.Ball blast also has certain requirement to particle diameter, general for different workpiece, adopt the cast steel ball of different-grain diameter scope, therefore, cast steel ball is selected or necessity.
Wind speed is set for this reason and reduces chamber 2, this wind speed reduces chamber 2 and is configured to upper end for the conically shaped of large end, it is large that thereby passage section becomes, blast diminishes, jacking force to the cast steel ball being blown afloat declines, thereby the cast steel ball that part is blown afloat can fall again, structurally, wind speed reduces chamber 2 and goes to the bottom identical with air blast quenching chamber 3 upper bases, thereby this wind speed reduces lower end, chamber and upper end, air blast quenching chamber is docked and connected, air blast quenching chamber and wind speed reduce chamber web plate 13 as shown in Figure 1, the structure representing in figure is that flange connects, air blast quenching chamber and wind speed reduce chamber web plate 13 and form ring flange, coupling connects, because needed blast is not high, not strict to its sealing requirements yet.
And then configuration dust settling chamber 1, structurally be configured to the conically shaped that upper end is small end, as shown in Fig. 1 top, and it is identical with the air-cooled upper base that reduces chamber 2 to go to the bottom, thereby this dust settling chamber 1 lower end and wind speed reduce the upper end of chamber 2, is docked and connected, and wherein the upper base of dust settling chamber 1 leaves interface tube, connection for dust removal installation, both connections also adopt flange to connect, and for taking in waste gas, carry out discharging after dedusting.
End at shot quenching net 6 is furnished with shot baffle plate 7, and baffle plate 7 left and right in bay are opposed on the both sides of shot quenching net 6, forms hopper, and the cast steel ball of coming for drawing trickling in, is then pooled to discharge port 5 and carries out discharging.
According to concrete structure shot baffle plate 7, can be configured to polylith, be spliced in supplied materials direction and draw cast steel ball upper and lower, that left and right is come in, integral construction is hopper construction.
Angle of inclination about described shot quenching screen 6, because mostly cast steel ball is the individuality of subglobular, therefore, form rolling resistance, and the frictional coefficient between shot quenching screen 6 is very little, therefore, needed angle of inclination is relatively little, in addition, and due to the jacking of wind, frictional force is also very little, therefore shot quenching net 6 is 5 °～7 ° with the angle of horizontal plane, and is designed to as far as possible adjustable structure, is that cast steel ball particle diameter is larger, just less on the impact of the jacking force of cast steel ball under identical blast condition, can need to carry out the adjustment of angle according to concrete.
Adjust angle unsuitable excessive, otherwise can affect the ultimate principle of utilizing gravity to carry out feeding.Therefore maximum angle is controlled at 7 °.Minimum angles is preferably controlled at 5 °.
About blast, be chosen as 1670-2550Pa, general whizzer can be satisfied the demand, and whizzer air quantity is large, and power density is large, and larger flow can be provided.
Owing to needing to be heated to 900 degrees Celsius of left and right before cast steel ball quenching, need larger air quantity to carry out cooling, therefore for general air blast quenching, need to control air quantity at 5700-10000m
3/ hour.
Shot quenching net 6 can affect the time of shot from opening for feed 4 to discharge port 5 with the angle of horizontal plane, therefore, need to mate different materials selects, in order to improve the adaptability of equipment, described air blast quenching chamber 3 is equipped with supporting structure in a side that is provided with opening for feed 4 with a side that is provided with discharge port 5, by this supporting structure, adjust the angle between shot quenching screen 6 and horizontal plane, thereby adapt to different cast steel balls, quench.
Further, described supporting structure is the DOCK LEVELER that is rigidly fixed in bottom, air blast quenching chamber, left side DOCK LEVELER 12 as shown in Figure 1 and right side DOCK LEVELER 11, on the whole, comprise that air blast quenching chamber main body is mainly sheet metal structural, increase the support stiffness that can increase institute installation position as left side DOCK LEVELER 12, prevent the distortion of supporting part.
Cross section about described air blast quenching chamber 3 can be circle, ellipse or rectangle, circular equal in the distance respectively making progress, the opening for feed 4 specifically constructed equates with the distance of discharge port 5 in all directions, and the cooling cast steel ball that needs is detained the sufficiently long time on shot quenching net 6, thereby need shot quenching net 6 to have enough length, if adopt the air blast quenching chamber 3 of rounded section, its one-piece construction that must make is too huge.
Therefore, optional scheme is the structure of elliptic cross-section or rectangular interfaces, be preferably square-section, and the length on opening for feed 4 limits, place is less than adjacent edge.So corresponding just form rectangular pyramid structure as the air-cooled chamber 2 that reduces.Such structure relative compact, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2.
Preferably, described air door is horizontally disposed with, and is provided with two blast inlets arranged side by side in shot quenching screen tendency direction, in the relatively long and narrow structure of cross section, can obtain wind-force relatively uniformly and deliver like this.
Preferably, described fan is furnished with air quantity adjustment mechanism, nature, and wind-force adjustment also can be arranged on air door place, to adjust as required air force.
Further, be flatly placed with the pipe that multilayer is parallel to each other in described dust settling chamber, adjacent layers pipe is staggered, and forms the gap that stops to the shot of predetermined particle diameter between pipe, and the particle cast steel ball more relatively large than dust can be blocked like this.
A cast steel ball air blast quenching method, comprising:
Take gravity as feeding motivating force, and adopting the mesh screen under being tilted to is that feeding channel carries out feeding, by the coupling at mesh screen angle of inclination, produces the input and output material cycle of different-grain diameter cast steel ball;
On feeding path, adopt cooling air upwards to quench to the cast steel ball on feeding path, by controlling air quantity with the cast steel ball of coupling different-grain diameter;
And above feeding path, by reducing blast, carry out the selection by winnowing of the cast steel ball walked on box haul;
The cast steel ball gap that waste gas after selection by winnowing cast steel ball further mates predetermined particle diameter stops rear combustion gas.
In use, the cast steel ball of heating enters from opening for feed 4, along the shot quenching screen 6 tilting, moves downward, and adopts two centrifugal blowers respectively wind to be entered from left blast inlet 8 and right blast inlet 10, the flow 5700-10000m of wind
3/ hour, blast 1670-2550Pa, wind is that level enters cold quenching chamber, by disperse, forms relatively air-flow uniformly.
Wind constantly upwards flows by shot quenching screen 6, cast steel ball is cooling, being blown up lighter cast steel ball arrives sectional dimension and becomes large wind speed and reduce chamber 2, owing to reducing the sectional area that chamber 2 makes progress at wind speed, become gradually large, wind speed reduces cast steel ball and because action of gravity drops to, on shot quenching screen 6, is rolled to shot baffle plate 7 places that both sides narrow down in being tilted to downwards, shot baffle plate middle part has shot outlet, through shot, outlet moves downward cast steel ball, finally from discharge port 5, flow out, cast steel ball air blast quenching is complete.
Less shot and dust impurity reduce chamber by wind speed and arrive dust settling chamber 1 under wind action, staggered steel pipe 14 between layout, levels before and after dust settling chamber 1 is equipped with several, less shot passes in the gap of steel pipe 14, hinders shot and moves up, and is forced to.
In the bottom of this quenching device, be provided with left side DOCK LEVELER 12 and right side DOCK LEVELER 11, DOCK LEVELER is provided with stiffening web, and when the adjustable plate 12 of padded left side, it is large that the angle of inclination on shot quenching screen and ground becomes, the speed that cast steel ball falls is just fast, is applicable to the cast steel ball that particle diameter is little and quenches; When the adjustable plate 11 of padded right side, the angle of inclination on shot quenching screen and ground diminishes, and the speed that cast steel ball falls is just slow, is applicable to the larger cast steel ball of particle diameter and quenches.
The rear lower of this device is provided with two air blast quenching chamber inspection ports 18 facing to blast inlet, checks the impurity that shot quenching screen 6 and cleaning fall from shot quenching screen 6.
Dust settling chamber 1 upper junction plate is used for connecting cleaning shaft.
It is larger that the per minute of shot flows through the air quantity that the quantity of air blast quenching chamber 3 needs more, carries out air quantity coupling, also has in the preceding article explanation, and air blast quenching is also proven technique relatively.
Meanwhile, the larger air quantity used of the diameter of shot is larger.
In addition, the cooling and blast relation of shot is little, and blast is relevant with the composition of particulate matter in tail gas; Be mainly that cold wind can be cooling just passable by shot within a certain period of time, do not require very large blast.
After water-cooled, water and shot surface oxidation produce ferric oxide, rubicundity brown, and surface corrosion, must grind.But air-cooled is air cooling-down, does not produce chemical reaction, surface or shot primary colors, need not grind, also need not carry out water treatment, can not produce water and pollute, save technique, reduce costs, reach specification of quality (difference in hardness after two kinds of quenchings is little, and this hardness is very high).
Following table is one group of experimental result of air blast quenching, and hardness is wherein the average hardness of 50 shots, and wherein minimum value is 60.9HRC, and maximum value is 63.9HRC.
Laboratory reference data:
Claims (10)
1. a cast steel ball air-cooled quenching device, is characterized in that, comprising:
Air blast quenching chamber, is the vertical structure that upper end is open, and bottom is provided with air door, and the higher position of a side in relative both sides, middle and upper part has opening for feed, and the relatively low position of opposite side has discharge port;
Fan, accesses described air blast quenching chamber via described air door, so that cooling air to be provided;
Shot quenching screen, is laid between opening for feed and discharge port, thereby the air blast quenching chamber that forms the inclination from opening for feed to discharge port is every sieve;
Wind speed reduces chamber, is configured to upper end for the conically shaped of large end, go to the bottom identical with air blast quenching chamber upper base, thereby this wind speed reduces lower end, chamber and upper end, air blast quenching chamber is docked and connected; And
Dust settling chamber, is configured to the conically shaped that upper end is small end, and it is identical with the air-cooled upper base that reduces chamber to go to the bottom, thereby this dust settling chamber lower end and wind speed reduce the upper end of chamber, is docked and connected, and wherein the upper base of dust settling chamber leaves interface tube, for the connection of dust removal installation.
2. cast steel ball air-cooled quenching device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the angle of described shot quenching screen and horizontal plane is 5 °～7 °.
3. cast steel ball air-cooled quenching device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described air blast quenching chamber is equipped with supporting structure in a side that is provided with opening for feed with a side that is provided with discharge port, by this supporting structure, adjusts the angle between shot quenching screen and horizontal plane.
4. cast steel ball air-cooled quenching device according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described supporting structure is the DOCK LEVELER that is rigidly fixed in bottom, air blast quenching chamber.
5. according to the cast steel ball air-cooled quenching device described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that, the cross section of described air blast quenching chamber is rectangle, and the length on limit, opening for feed place is less than adjacent edge.
6. cast steel ball air-cooled quenching device according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described air door is horizontally disposed with, and is provided with two blast inlets arranged side by side in shot quenching screen tendency direction.
7. cast steel ball air-cooled quenching device according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described fan is furnished with air quantity adjustment mechanism.
8. cast steel ball air-cooled quenching device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is flatly placed with the pipe that multilayer is parallel to each other in described dust settling chamber, and adjacent layers pipe is staggered, and forms the gap that stops to the shot of predetermined particle diameter between pipe.
9. a cast steel ball air blast quenching method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Take gravity as feeding motivating force, and adopting the mesh screen under being tilted to is that feeding channel carries out feeding, by the coupling at mesh screen angle of inclination, produces the input and output material cycle of different-grain diameter cast steel ball;
On feeding path, adopt cooling air upwards to quench to the cast steel ball on feeding path, by controlling air quantity with the cast steel ball of coupling different-grain diameter;
And above feeding path, by reducing blast, carry out the selection by winnowing of the cast steel ball walked on box haul;
The cast steel ball gap that waste gas after selection by winnowing cast steel ball further mates predetermined particle diameter stops rear combustion gas.
10. cast steel ball air blast quenching method according to claim 9, is characterized in that, the angle of mesh screen and horizontal plane is 5 °～7 °.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410436497.1A CN104152645A (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2014-08-29 | Cast steel shot air cooling quenching device and quenching method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410436497.1A CN104152645A (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2014-08-29 | Cast steel shot air cooling quenching device and quenching method |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1432657A (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2003-07-30 | 王新辉 | Pneumatic steet shot heat treating method and fluidized bed unit |
| GB2397071A (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-07-14 | Boc Group Plc | Quenching method and quenching chamber |
| CN201400693Y (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2010-02-10 | 铁岭市银州金属磨料厂 | Steel shot cooler |
| CN102139434A (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-08-03 | 天津市新潮铸钢磨料厂 | Process for manufacturing high-hardness steel shots |
-
2014
- 2014-08-29 CN CN201410436497.1A patent/CN104152645A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1432657A (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2003-07-30 | 王新辉 | Pneumatic steet shot heat treating method and fluidized bed unit |
| GB2397071A (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-07-14 | Boc Group Plc | Quenching method and quenching chamber |
| CN201400693Y (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2010-02-10 | 铁岭市银州金属磨料厂 | Steel shot cooler |
| CN102139434A (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-08-03 | 天津市新潮铸钢磨料厂 | Process for manufacturing high-hardness steel shots |
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Application publication date: 20141119 |