Background technology
Copper is requisite trace element in human body, at the aspects such as structure of neural system, genetic expression, protein, plays an important role.Lack copper in human body and easily cause and lack copper anaemia, dysplasia of children, hypomnesis, slow in reacting, woman infertility etc., lack for a long time copper also can cause arteriosclerosis, cause the generation of coronary heart disease.On the other hand, excessive copper is taken in also can produce toxicity, and this is because copper catalysis has produced the oxidative damage that active oxygenated species can cause other biological molecule etc.Therefore, in cell, the imbalance of the homeostasis of copper will cause the disorder of its metabolism and growth, even causes serious disease and death.The disease relevant to copper comprises Menkes syndromes, Wilson disease, alzheimer's disease, ALS disease etc.
With respect to detection methods such as atomic emission spectrometry (AES), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) and electrochemical methods, highly sensitive, real-time detection that fluorescence detection has, to advantages such as the basic not damageds of sample, at present the common fluorophore for fluoroscopic examination mainly contains rhodamine fluorophore, naphthalimide fluorescent group, fluoresceins fluorophore etc.Wherein, rhodamine and derivative thereof are good owing to having higher specific absorbance, stronger fluorescence quantum yield and photochemical stability etc., have been widely used in the design of ion probe.
Current already present organic molecular probe mainly also exists following problem: I. to synthesize aspect, and the design of probe molecule is synthetic also exists complex structure, step is more loaded down with trivial details, productive rate is lower deficiency.II. fluoroscopic examination aspect, there is the problems such as detection sensitivity is low, the time of response is long, immunity from interference is low in part organic molecular probe.Therefore, design the fluorescent probe molecule of synthesizing new, realize trace detection and the interior fluorescence imaging of cell of cupric ion, will there is important Research Significance and using value.
Summary of the invention
One of object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiency that existing organic probe molecule exists, and provides a class to take the fluorescent probe that rhodamine fluorophore is parent.
Two of object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of this fluorescent probe.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following reaction mechanism:
;
Or
According to above-mentioned reaction mechanism, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The fluorescent probe that the rhodamine fluorophore of take is parent, is characterized in that the structural formula of this fluorescent probe:
or
.
Prepare an above-mentioned method of take the fluorescent probe that rhodamine fluorophore is parent, it is characterized in that the concrete steps of the method are:
A. salicylic aldehyde and epoxy chloropropane is soluble in water according to the mol ratio of 2:1 ~ 5:1, back flow reaction 4 h, cooled and filtered obtains product, then by the method for recrystallization, purifies and obtains 1,3-bis-(2-carboxaldehyde radicals phenoxy group)-2-propyl alcohol, and its structural formula is:
;
B. rhodamine B or rhodamine 6G and hydrazine hydrate is even according to the mixed in molar ratio of 1:10 ~ 1:40, and be dissolved in ethanol, then reflux 8 h, the product utilization silica gel column chromatography separation obtaining obtains rhodamine B hydrazides or rhodamine 6G hydrazides, and its structural formula is:
or
;
C. by 1 of above-mentioned steps a gained, the rhodamine B hydrazides of 3-bis-(2-carboxaldehyde radicals phenoxy group)-2-propyl alcohol and step b gained is even according to the mixed in molar ratio of 1:3 ~ 1:10, and be dissolved in ethanol, reflux 24 h, rotary evaporation, except desolventizing, utilizes silica gel column chromatography separation to obtain rhodamine B derivative probe molecule.
Application in above-mentioned trace detection of take fluorescent probe cupric ion in determinand that rhodamine fluorophore is parent.
Application in above-mentioned fluorescence imaging of take fluorescent probe cupric ion in realizing viable cell that rhodamine fluorophore is parent.
Fluorescent probe of the present invention, for the trace detection of determinand cupric ion, has following feature: 1. selectivity is good, can realize single cupric ion and detect, and does not have coexisting ion impact; 2. highly sensitive, detectability is low to moderate nmole rank; Time of response fast, reaction completes moment, can realize real-time detection; 4. fluorescence and colour-change naked eyes are visible.
According to the present invention, the determinand that such fluorescent probe detects for cupric ion, includes but not limited to environmental pollutant sample and human urine sample.
According to the present invention, the selected viable cell of such fluorescent probe cupric ion fluorescence imaging, includes but not limited to Hela cell.
A class provided by the present invention be take the preparation method of the fluorescent probe that rhodamine fluorophore is parent, and reaction conditions is gentle, and synthesis step is few, and products collection efficiency is high, and raw material is cheap and easy to get.Fluorescent probe provided by the present invention is short to the cupric ion time of response, selectivity and highly sensitive, and detectability is low to moderate nM rank, and can with the naked eye identify the variation of fluorescence and color, is a kind of fluorescent probe of good detection cupric ion.Fluorescent probe provided by the present invention also can be applicable to Cu in viable cell
2+fluorescence imaging and in life entity Cu
2+fluoroscopic examination, with Cu
2+on the early diagnosis of relative disease and pathogenesis, there is potential using value.
Embodiment
For making the present invention easier to understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, describe in detail.These embodiment only play illustrative effect, are not limited to range of application of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: the preparation of rhodamine B derivative probe molecule
(1) salicylic aldehyde and epoxy chloropropane is soluble in water according to the mol ratio of 2:1 ~ 5:1, reacting by heating 4 h, cooled and filtered obtains product, then by the method for recrystallization, purifies and obtains 1,3-bis-(2-carboxaldehyde radicals phenoxy group)-2-propyl alcohol.
(2) rhodamine B and hydrazine hydrate is even according to the mixed in molar ratio of 1:10 ~ 1:40, and be dissolved in ethanol, reflux 8 h then, the product utilization silica gel column chromatography separation obtaining obtains rhodamine B hydrazides.
(3) prepared by above-mentioned steps (1) 1, rhodamine B hydrazides prepared by 3-bis-(2-carboxaldehyde radicals phenoxy group)-2-propyl alcohol and above-mentioned steps (2) is even according to the mixed in molar ratio of 1:3 ~ 1:10, and be dissolved in ethanol, reflux 24 h, rotary evaporation is except desolventizing, utilize silica gel column chromatography separation to obtain rhodamine B derivative probe molecule, then adopt nuclear magnetic resonance analyser (Bruker AVANCE 500MHz type nuclear magnetic resonance analyser, Bruker company, Switzerland) sterling of the rhodamine B derivative making is carried out to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, concrete analysis result is as follows:
1h NMR: δ (deuterated DMSO) 9.14(s, 2H, N=C-H), 7.90(m, 2H, ArH) and, 7.57(m, 6H, ArH), 7.29(m, 2H, ArH), 6.99(t, 2H, ArH), 6.29-6.50(m, 12H, ArH), 4.30-4.54 (m, 5H, CH
2cHCH
2), 3.35(s, 1H, OH), 3.23 (q, 16H, N
cH 2 cH
3), 1.09 (t, 24H, NCH
2 cH 3 ).
Embodiment 2: the preparation of rhodamine 6G derivative probe molecule
(1) salicylic aldehyde and epoxy chloropropane is soluble in water according to the mol ratio of 2:1 ~ 5:1, reacting by heating 4 h, cooled and filtered obtains product, then by the method for recrystallization, purifies and obtains 1,3-bis-(2-carboxaldehyde radicals phenoxy group)-2-propyl alcohol.
(2) rhodamine 6G and hydrazine hydrate is even according to the mixed in molar ratio of 1:10 ~ 1:40, and be dissolved in ethanol, then reflux 8 h, obtain rhodamine 6G hydrazides by solid with deionized water repetitive scrubbing after cold filtration.
(3) prepared by above-mentioned steps (1) 1, rhodamine 6G hydrazides prepared by 3-bis-(2-carboxaldehyde radicals phenoxy group)-2-propyl alcohol and above-mentioned steps (2) is even according to the mixed in molar ratio of 1:3 ~ 1:10, and be dissolved in ethanol, reflux 24 h, rotary evaporation is except desolventizing, utilize silica gel column chromatography separation to obtain rhodamine 6G derivative probe molecule, then adopt nuclear magnetic resonance analyser (Bruker AVANCE 500MHz type nuclear magnetic resonance analyser, Bruker company, Switzerland) carry out nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, concrete analysis result is as follows:
1h NMR: δ (deuterated DMSO): 9.20(s, 2H, N=C-H), 7.94(m, 2H, ArH), 7.60(m, 6H, ArH), 7.30(m, 2H, ArH), 6.97(t, 2H, ArH), 6.27-6.51(m, 12H, ArH), 4.33-4.56 (m, 5H, CH
2cHCH
2), 3.32(s, 1H, OH), 3.20 (q, 8H, NH
cH 2 cH
3), 1,87 (s, 12H, ArCH
3), 1.12 (t, 12H, NHCH
2 cH 3 ).
Embodiment 3: the rhodamine B derivative of usining detects cupric ion as fluorescent probe molecule
(1) take the rhodamine B derivative probe molecule of preparation in embodiment 1, be made into 1 * 10
-5the ethanolic soln of M.
(2) prepare the strong solution (0.1M) of each metal ion species, comprise that interfering ion is as Na
+, K
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+, Ba
2+, Zn
2+, Li
+, Mn
2+, Co
2+, Hg
2+deng, and ion Cu to be detected
2+.
(3) in selectivity experiment, each metal ion species of getting respectively certain equivalent joins in the rhodamine B derivative solution of 2.0 mL, then carries out absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum test.The results are shown in accompanying drawing 2.
(4) in titration experiments, with pipette, extract 2.0 mL rhodamine B derivatives, be placed in 1.0 cm * 1.0 cm quartz colorimetric utensils, with microsyringe, in solution, add Cu successively
2+solution, often adds and once carries out spectrum test one time.The results are shown in accompanying drawing 3.
(5), in competitive assay, first certain interfering ion is joined in 2.0 mL rhodamine B derivative solution, then add Cu
2+, then carry out spectrum test.
Embodiment 4: rhodamine B derivative is applied to cell imaging
(1) control group, joins 1 * 10
-5the RPMI. 1640 water culture liquid of the rhodamine B derivative probe molecule of M;
(2) Hela cell is cultivated 0.5 hour in above-mentioned nutrient solution;
(3) experimental group, first, with the Cu of 10 μ M
2+water culture Hela cell 0.5 hour, then, then cultivates 0.5 hour with the probe nutrient solution of 10 μ M;
(4) with PBS damping fluid, rinse cell 3 times, will by the nutrient solution of Cell uptake, do not washed away;
(5) cell after cultivating is carried out to imaging on Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope, with the laser excitation of 543 nm, observation of cell fluorescence imaging, result is as Fig. 4.
Fig. 1 carries out the selectivity titration experiments of ultraviolet-visible spectrum with rhodamine B derivative in embodiment 3, can clearly be seen that rhodamine B derivative probe molecule synthetic in the present invention is for Cu from figure
2+there is good selectivity.
Fig. 2 is the fluorometric titration spectrum of rhodamine B derivative in embodiment 3, as can be seen from the figure along with Cu
2+continuous increase, the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine B derivative solution is linear increasing thereupon also.
Fig. 3 is the result that in embodiment 4, rhodamine B derivative is applied to cell imaging.As can be seen from the figure the rhodamine B derivative probe molecule, being synthesized by the present invention can successfully be applied to cell level and detect intracellular Cu
2+.When cultivating with rhodamine B derivative probe molecule after the cell of cultivating with cupric ion in advance, by confocal microscope, can observe cell and send obvious fluorescence, thereby can find out that the synthetic probe molecule of the present invention can successfully detect intracellular cupric ion, this is for studying from now in life entity and Cu
2+early diagnosis and the pathogenesis of relative disease have great importance.
Be only several specific embodiment of the present invention as mentioned above, be not limited to the present invention.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, adopt that method same or similar with it is resulting take fluorescent probe that rhodamine fluorophore is parent for cupric ion fluorescence imaging in cell, all in protection domain of the present invention.