CN104150467B - A kind of graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould and preparation method thereof, described method comprises raw material processing and blending process, kneading process, forming process, roasting process and graphitizing process, the graphite material that described preparation method prepares is for making train cast steel wheel casting mould, this casting mould has higher mechanical strength, be difficult for broken, high temperature resistant and good in oxidation resistance, can Reusability, and durability is high; In casting mould, volatilizable gas content is almost nil, and the train cast steel wheel that casting obtains is without subcutaneous blowhole and needle pore defect; The self lubricity of casting mould is good, and the train cast steel wheel accuracy to size that casting obtains is high, smooth surface, and crystalline structure is even; The heat conductivility of casting mould is good, and condensation rate is fast, and the train cast steel wheel accuracy to size obtaining due to casting is high, smooth surface, and crystalline structure is even, does not need train cast steel wheel to carry out repaired biscuit, and casting speed is fast.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to graphite technology field, refer to especially a kind of for train cast steel wheel casting mouldGraphite material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Present stage, steel, iron and most non-ferrous alloy casting all adopt sand mould casting method to obtain.Because the Modeling Material that sand casting is used is cheap and easy to get, Casting mold manufacturing is easy, raw to the single-piece of foundry goodsProduce, produce by batch and produce and all can adapt in a large number, for a long time, be always in Foundry Production substantiallyTechnique.
But sand casting exists the shortcoming that is difficult to overcome, particularly in the time of casting train cast steel wheel,Its shortcoming is more obvious: (1) sand mold casting mold primary raw material is that silica sand and adhesive mixing plastotype addWork forms, and therefore causes it frangible not high with durability; (2) liquid steel temperature of train cast steel wheel is higher,In casting process, because being subject to thermal evaporation meeting, adhesive cause train cast steel wheel subcutaneous blowhole and pin hole etc. to lackFall into; (3) accuracy to size of the train cast steel wheel that sand casting obtains is low, rough surface; (4) sandThe train cast steel wheel that mold casting obtains need to carry out repaired biscuit, and casting speed is slow.
Find a kind of new casting technique, solve the shortcoming of sand casting, become casting field, outstandingIt is problem demanding prompt solution in the casting of train cast steel wheel.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould and preparation method thereof,The graphite material preparing by the method can be for making train cast steel wheel casting mould, this castingModeling tool is difficult for fragmentation and durability is high; The train cast steel wheel that casting obtains lacks without subcutaneous blowhole and pin holeFall into; The train cast steel wheel accuracy to size that casting obtains is high, smooth surface, and crystalline structure is even; CastingMake speed fast.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides technical scheme as follows:
For a preparation method for the graphite material of train cast steel wheel casting mould, comprising:
Raw material is processed and blending process: broken during after-smithing petroleum coke is carried out, abrasive dust, screening processing, shapeBecome carbon particles material and the powder of multiple granularity, and carry out mix;
Kneading process: carbon particles material, powder and coal pitch of agglomerant are uniformly mixed, mediateBecome plasticity thickener;
Forming process: produce plasticity under the applied external force that plasticity thickener is applied by forming machine and becomeShape, forms green compact;
Roasting process: green compact are packed in heating furnace and carry out high-temperature heat treatment, make the coal tar pitch in green compactCharing, forms baked article;
Graphitizing process: baked article is heated in high-temperature electric resistance furnace, amorphous Turbostratic charcoal is turnedChange into three-dimensional order graphite crystalloid structure, obtain graphite material.
Further, in described raw material processing and blending process, broken rear formation in described after-smithing petroleum cokeCarbon particles material, its granularity is 0.8-0mm, after described carbon particles material abrasive dust, forms powder, its grainDegree is for below 0.075mm, the grain size category after described carbon particles material screen divides be 0.8-0.5mm and0.5-0mm。
Further, the weight portion of described carbon particles material is 38-45 part, the weight portion of described powderFor 28-32 part, the weight portion of described coal pitch of agglomerant is 16-20 part.
Further, the carbon particles material that in described carbon particles material, grain size category is 0.8-0.5mmWeight portion is 14-18 part, and the weight portion of the carbon particles material that grain size category is 0.5-0mm is 24-27Part.
Further, in described kneading process, also add and have die mould product waste product to return material, described die mould productThe weight portion that waste product is returned material is 8-12 part, and the granularity that described die mould product waste product is returned material is 20mmBelow.
Further, described kneading process comprises the process of being dry mixed and wet mixing process, described in while being dry mixed processBetween be 30-50min, described wet mixing process time is 40-60min, temperature control in described kneading processAt 180-190 DEG C, the temperature of the plasticity thickener forming after kneading is 140-190 DEG C, and this is plasticProperty thickener cooling 0.5-1.5min under 125-130 DEG C of environment.
Further, in described forming process, the pressure of forming machine is 110-120Mpa, and the time is7-8min, form products formed, and by described products formed as for cooling 8-12h in water, form green compact,The density of described green compact is 1.70 ± 0.2g/cm3, resistivity is 10000 ± 100 μ Ω m, described inThe baked article density obtaining after roasting is 1.60 ± 0.1g/cm3, resistivity is 40-50 μ Ω m.
Further, described roasting process comprises bakes to burn the article process, dipping process and after baking mistakeJourney, described dipping process is: bakes to burn the article is obtained to baked article and carry out removing surface, preheating dressEnter in impregnating autoclave; Impregnating autoclave is vacuumized, injected coal tar pitch and pressurizes a period of time; Finally returnPitch is also cooling by flooding complete baked article; The time of described bakes to burn the article is 22-20 days,High-temperature is 1200-1300 DEG C; The time of described after baking is 5-20 days, and maximum temperature is700-800 DEG C; The preheat temperature of described dipping process is 260-380 DEG C, and the time is 6-10 hour, instituteStating evacuated pressure is 8-9KPa, and the time is 40-50min, and described coal tar pitch temperature is 180-200 DEG C,Described moulding pressure is 1.2-1.5Mpa, and the time is 3-4 hour, described cooling can be at described dippingIn tank or impregnating autoclave carry out outward.
Further, in described graphitizing process, high-temperature electric resistance furnace is acheson furnace, and temperature is2300-3000 DEG C, the time is 50-80 hour; Or high-temperature electric resistance furnace is LWG stove, temperature is2300-3000 DEG C, the time is 9-15 hour.
For a graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould, described graphite material is by above-mentioned systemPreparation Method makes.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
Compared with prior art, by the graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould of the present inventionThe graphite material for preparing of preparation method can be for making train cast steel wheel casting mould, this castingModeling tool has higher mechanical strength with respect to sand mold casting mold, is difficult for fragmentation, and this castingHigh temperature resistant and the good in oxidation resistance of mould, can Reusability, and durability is high; In this casting mould, can waveThe body burden of getting angry is almost nil, and the train cast steel wheel that casting obtains is without subcutaneous blowhole and needle pore defect; ShouldThe self lubricity of casting mould is good, and the train cast steel wheel accuracy to size that casting obtains is high, smooth surface,Crystalline structure is even; The heat conductivility of this casting mould is good, and condensation rate is fast, and due to castingThe train cast steel wheel accuracy to size obtaining is high, smooth surface, and crystalline structure is even, does not need fireCar cast steel wheel carries out repaired biscuit, and casting speed is fast.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, will tie belowClosing specific embodiment is described in detail.
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of preparation of the graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mouldMethod, comprising:
S1: raw material is processed and blending process
Broken during after-smithing petroleum coke is carried out, abrasive dust, screening processing, form the carbon particles of multiple granularityMaterial and powder, and carry out mix;
In this process, in broken process be: the after-smithing petroleum coke that is about 50mm by granule size passes throughThe disintegrating apparatus such as jaw crusher, hammer mill, double-roll crusher carry out break process, form charcoalMatter particulate material; Abrasive dust process is: a part of carbon particles material is passed through to outstanding rod formula ring roller flour mill (thunderCover mill), the equipment such as the ball mill granule that is ground into powder, form powder; Screening process is: willAnother part carbon particles material, by having a series of sieves of even perforate, is divided into different grain size gradeCarbon particles material;
Mix refers to above-mentioned carbon particles material, powder and coal pitch of agglomerant according to formula requirementPrepare burden;
S2: kneading process
Carbon particles material, powder and coal pitch of agglomerant are uniformly mixed, are kneaded into plasticity and stick with pasteMaterial;
This process need carries out at a certain temperature, and the plasticity thickener that kneading becomes need to be through supercoolingAfter could be for follow-up;
S3: forming process
Under the applied external force that plasticity thickener is applied by forming machine, produce plastic deformation, form rawBase;
In this process, forming machine is vibrating forming machine, the green compact of formation have definite shape, size,The green compact of density and intensity;
S4: roasting process: green compact are packed in heating furnace and carry out high-temperature heat treatment, make the coal in green compactPitch charing, forms baked article;
In this process, heating furnace can be circular furnace (with cover or not with cover), the tunnel of working continuouslyKiln, and formula roaster, box roaster at the bottom of the down-draft kiln of batch operation, car; Coal drop in green compactThe pitch coke forming after blue or green charing is consolidated carbonaceous aggregate and powder particle, forms roasting systemProduct, baked article has higher mechanical strength, lower resistivity, good heat endurance and changeLearn stability; In this process, can check baked article, verify whether baked article reachesSpecify requirement, concrete grammar has: outward appearance is knocked, the test of resistivity measurement, bulk density, pressure resistanceDegree test, internal structure dissect;
S5: graphitizing process: baked article is heated in high-temperature electric resistance furnace, make amorphous TurbostraticCharcoal changes into three-dimensional order graphite crystalloid structure, obtains graphite material;
In this process, in high-temperature electric resistance furnace, in protective medium, carbon product is heated to, makes amorphous disorderly layerStructure charcoal changes into three-dimensional order graphite crystalloid structure and plane hexagonal gridding layer structure, obtains graphiteMaterial; Graphite material compared with baked article, electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, shaking property of heat resistanceheat resistant, chemically stableProperty, lubricity and wear resistence all improve, impurity reduces, purity improves.
Compared with prior art, by the graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould of the present inventionThe graphite material for preparing of preparation method can be for making train cast steel wheel casting mould, this castingModeling tool has higher mechanical strength with respect to sand mold casting mold, is difficult for fragmentation, and this castingHigh temperature resistant and the good in oxidation resistance of mould, can Reusability, and durability is high; In this casting mould, can waveThe body burden of getting angry is almost nil, and the train cast steel wheel that casting obtains is without subcutaneous blowhole and needle pore defect; ShouldThe self lubricity of casting mould is good, and the train cast steel wheel accuracy to size that casting obtains is high, smooth surface,Crystalline structure is even; The heat conductivility of this casting mould is good, and condensation rate is fast, and due to castingThe train cast steel wheel accuracy to size obtaining is high, smooth surface, and crystalline structure is even, does not need fireCar cast steel wheel carries out repaired biscuit, and casting speed is fast.
In the preparation process of graphite material, various raw materials are all made up of varigrained material, formerGranule size, shape and the surface appearance etc. of material, for preparation process and the stone of graphite materialThe performance of ink material etc. all has a great impact. In raw material processing of the present invention and blending process, warpCross and long-term grope experiment and research is found, below the graphite material intensity made of the collocation of granularity high,Thermal conductivity and good conductivity: broken rear formation carbon particles material in after-smithing petroleum coke, its granularity can be0.8-0mm, forms powder after carbon particles material abrasive dust, and its granularity can be below 0.075mm, charcoalGrain size category after the screening of matter particulate material can be 0.8-0.5mm and 0.5-0mm.
Taking carbon particles material as aggregate, taking powder as inserts, can improve the intensity of graphite material,Can obtain again good electric conductivity and thermal conductivity.
In raw material disposal and blending process, through experiment, preferred, the weight of carbon particles materialPart is 38-45 part, and the weight portion of powder is 28-32 part, and the weight portion of coal pitch of agglomerant is 16-20Part.
Compared with other formulas, produce the comprehensive physicochemical property of the graphite material obtaining by above-mentioned formulaWell, improve especially non-oxidizability and the mechanical strength of graphite material, reduced the pore of graphite materialRate.
The weight portion of the carbon particles material that preferably, in carbon particles material, grain size category is 0.8-0.5mmFor 14-18 part, the weight portion of the carbon particles material that grain size category is 0.5-0mm is 24-27 part.
In above-mentioned formula, be not the carbon particles material that uses simply 0.8-0mm, but by its pointFor 0.8-0.5mm and two grain size categories of 0.5-0mm, and by the carbon particles of two grain size categoriesMaterial is batching proportionally, and like this, carbon particles material, powder and coal pitch of agglomerant occur certain anti-Answer, further improved mechanical strength and the crystallization uniformity of graphite material.
In each procedure of producing at graphite material, inevitably can produce a certain amount of waste product and addThe chip in man-hour, this waste product and chip are that die mould product waste product is returned material, die mould product waste product is returned material processAfter certain fragmentation, can use as raw material, thereby can economize on resources, reduce environmental pollution, toolBody, in kneading process, also add and have die mould product waste product to return material, die mould product waste product is returned the weight of materialPart is 8-12 part, and the granularity that die mould product waste product is returned material is below 20mm.
Use die mould product waste product to return material and not only saved raw material, can also improve the matter of graphite materialAmount, concrete, can improve mechanical strength, electric conductivity, thermal conductivity and the speed of production of graphite material.
As a modification of the present invention, kneading process comprises the process of being dry mixed and wet mixing process, is dry mixedJourney refers to carbon particles material and powder is uniformly mixed to form to siccative, and incorporation time is30-50min, wet mixing process refers to siccative and coal pitch of agglomerant is mixed to form to plasticity thickener, mixedThe time of closing is 40-60min, and in kneading process, temperature is controlled at 180-190 DEG C, and what after kneading, form canThe temperature of plasticity thickener is 140-190 DEG C, and this plasticity thickener is cooling under 125-130 DEG C of environment0.5-1.5min。
The above-mentioned process that is dry mixed distributes (being normal distribution) carbon particles material and powder uniformly, favourableThere is isotropic physicochemical property in graphite material, and make the space between carbon particles material betterFill on ground, improves boring packing, increases mechanical strength and the crystallization uniformity of graphite material; WetSneak out journey coal pitch of agglomerant and siccative are uniformly distributed, institutional framework homogeneous, is beneficial to subsequent forming.
In forming process, for improving molding rate, reduce the percent defective in forming process, vibration mouldingThe pressure of machine is 110-120Mpa, and the time is 7-8min, form products formed, and by products formed as forCooling 8-12h in water, forms green compact, more excellent for making to produce the physicochemical property of the graphite material that obtains,Need to limit the physicochemical property of green compact and roasting product, concrete, the density of green compact can be1.70±0.2g/cm3, resistivity can be 10000 ± 100 μ Ω m, the roasting obtaining after roastingExtrudate density can be 1.60 ± 0.1g/cm3, resistivity can be 40-50 μ Ω m.
As another kind of improvement of the present invention, roasting process comprise bakes to burn the article process, dipping process andAfter baking process, dipping process is: bakes to burn the article is obtained to baked article and carry out removing surface, pre-Heat also packs in impregnating autoclave; Impregnating autoclave is vacuumized, injected coal tar pitch and pressurizes a period of time; FinallyReturn pitch cooling by flooding complete baked article.
Bakes to burn the article to roasting product often exist more pore and pinprick defect, can not reachRequirement, dipping process is that roasting product is placed in to pressure vessel, under certain temperature and pressure conditionLiquid dipping agent bitumen is immersed to the technical process being penetrated in roasting product hole, then pass through after bakingAfter, can effectively reduce the porosity of graphite material, increase bulk density and the machinery of graphite materialIntensity, improves conduction and the heat conductivility of graphite material. Certainly, also can repeatedly flood and roastBurn, further improve the physicochemical property of graphite material.
Concrete, the time of bakes to burn the article can be 22-20 days, maximum temperature can be1200-1300 DEG C; The time of after baking can be 5-20 days, and maximum temperature can be 700-800 DEG C;The preheat temperature of dipping process can be 260-380 DEG C, and the time can be 6-10 hour, vacuumizes pressurePower is 8-9KPa, and the time is 40-50min, and coal tar pitch temperature is 180-200 DEG C, and pressurization is pressed can powerFor 1.2-1.5Mpa, the time can be 3-4 hour, cooling can be in impregnating autoclave or impregnating autoclave enter outwardOK.
In graphitizing process, high-temperature electric resistance furnace is acheson furnace, and temperature can be 2300-3000 DEG C,Time can be 50-80 hour; Or high-temperature electric resistance furnace is internal thermal serial stove, temperature is 2300-3000 DEG C,Time is 9-15 hour.
Acheson furnace output is large, the temperature difference large, power consumption is higher; Short, power consumption of internal thermal serial stove heat timeLow, uniform resistivity.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould, shouldGraphite material makes by above-mentioned preparation method.
Compared with prior art, the graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould of the present invention is passableBe used for making train cast steel wheel casting mould, this casting mould has higher with respect to sand mold casting moldMechanical strength, be difficult for brokenly, and the high temperature resistant and good in oxidation resistance of this casting mould, can be repeatedlyUse, durability is high; In this casting mould, volatilizable gas content is almost nil, the fire that casting obtainsCar cast steel wheel is without subcutaneous blowhole and needle pore defect; The self lubricity of this casting mould is good, and casting obtainsTrain cast steel wheel accuracy to size is high, smooth surface, and crystalline structure is even; The heat conduction of this casting mouldFunctional, condensation rate is fast, and the train cast steel wheel accuracy to size obtaining due to casting is high,Smooth surface, crystalline structure is even, does not need train cast steel wheel to carry out repaired biscuit, and casting speed is fast.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that general for the artLogical technical staff, not departing under the prerequisite of principle of the present invention, can also make some changingEnter and retouch, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. for a preparation method for the graphite material of train cast steel wheel casting mould, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Raw material is processed and blending process: broken during after-smithing petroleum coke is carried out, abrasive dust, screening processing, form carbon particles material and the powder of multiple granularity, and carry out mix;
Kneading process: carbon particles material, powder and coal pitch of agglomerant are uniformly mixed, are kneaded into plasticity thickener;
Forming process: produce plastic deformation under the applied external force that plasticity thickener is applied by forming machine, form green compact;
Roasting process: green compact are packed in heating furnace and carry out high-temperature heat treatment, make the coal tar pitch charing in green compact, form baked article;
Graphitizing process: baked article is heated in high-temperature electric resistance furnace, make amorphous Turbostratic charcoal change into three-dimensional order graphite crystalloid structure, obtain graphite material;
In described raw material processing and blending process, broken rear formation carbon particles material in described after-smithing petroleum coke, its granularity is 0.8-0mm, after described carbon particles material abrasive dust, forms powder, its granularity is below 0.075mm, and the grain size category after described carbon particles material screen divides is 0.8-0.5mm and 0.5-0mm;
The weight portion of described carbon particles material is 38-45 part, and the weight portion of described powder is 28-32 part, and the weight portion of described coal pitch of agglomerant is 16-20 part;
The weight portion of the carbon particles material that in described carbon particles material, grain size category is 0.8-0.5mm is 14-18 part, and the weight portion of the carbon particles material that grain size category is 0.5-0mm is 24-27 part;
In described forming process, the pressure of forming machine is 110-120MPa, and the time is 7-8min, forms products formed, and described products formed is placed in to the cooling 8-12h of water, forms green compact, and the density of described green compact is 1.70 ± 0.2g/cm3, resistivity is 10000 ± 100 μ Ω m, the baked article density obtaining after described roasting is 1.60 ± 0.1g/cm3, resistivity is 40-50 μ Ω m.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also adds and have die mould product waste product to return material in described kneading process, and the weight portion that described die mould product waste product is returned material is 8-12 part, and the granularity that described die mould product waste product is returned material is below 20mm.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described kneading process comprises the process of being dry mixed and wet mixing process, the described process time that is dry mixed is 30-50min, described wet mixing process time is 40-60min, in described kneading process, temperature is controlled at 180-190 DEG C, and the temperature of the plasticity thickener forming after kneading is 140-190 DEG C, and by this plasticity thickener cooling 0.5-1.5min under 125-130 DEG C of environment.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described roasting process comprises bakes to burn the article process, dipping process and after baking process, and described dipping process is: bakes to burn the article is obtained to baked article and carry out removing surface, preheating and pack in impregnating autoclave; Impregnating autoclave is vacuumized, injected coal tar pitch and pressurizes a period of time; Finally return pitch cooling by flooding complete baked article; The time of described bakes to burn the article is 22-20 days, and maximum temperature is 1200-1300 DEG C; The time of described after baking is 5-20 days, and maximum temperature is 700-800 DEG C; The preheat temperature of described dipping process is 260-380 DEG C, time is 6-10 hour, described evacuated pressure is 8-9KPa, time is 40-50min, described coal tar pitch temperature is 180-200 DEG C, described moulding pressure is 1.2-1.5MPa, and the time is 3-4 hour, described cooling can be in described impregnating autoclave or impregnating autoclave carry out outward.
5. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in described graphitizing process, high-temperature electric resistance furnace is acheson furnace, and temperature is 2300-3000 DEG C, and the time is 50-80 hour; Or high-temperature electric resistance furnace is LWG stove, temperature is 2300-3000 DEG C, and the time is 9-15 hour.
6. for a graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould, it is characterized in that, described graphite material makes by the preparation method described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1-5.
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| US4847021A (en) * | 1986-06-26 | 1989-07-11 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing high density carbon and graphite articles |
| CN101691300A (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2010-04-07 | 兴和兴永碳素有限公司 | Large-size medium-grained graphite material and production process thereof |
| CN103539109A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-29 | 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 | Graphite material for polysilicon ingot heat preservation thermal field and preparation method thereof |
| CN103553617A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-05 | 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 | Graphite material for continuous casting mold and preparation method thereof |
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| US4847021A (en) * | 1986-06-26 | 1989-07-11 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing high density carbon and graphite articles |
| CN101691300A (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2010-04-07 | 兴和兴永碳素有限公司 | Large-size medium-grained graphite material and production process thereof |
| CN103539109A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-29 | 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 | Graphite material for polysilicon ingot heat preservation thermal field and preparation method thereof |
| CN103553617A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-05 | 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 | Graphite material for continuous casting mold and preparation method thereof |
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