CN104150467A - Graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mold and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mold and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a graphite material for a train cast steel wheel casting mold and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises a raw material treatment and burdening process, a mixing and kneading process, a forming process, a roasting process and a graphiting process. The graphite material prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention is used for manufacturing the train cast steel wheel casting mold, and the casting mold has relatively high mechanical strength, is difficult to break, has good resistance to high temperature and oxidation, can be used repeatedly and has high durability; the content of volatile gas in the casting mold is almost zero, and train cast steel wheels obtained by casting have no defects of subcutaneous blowholes and pinholes; the casting mold has good self-lubricating property, and the train cast steel wheels obtained by casting have the advantages of high dimensional accuracy, smooth surface and uniform crystalline structure; the casting mold has good heat conduction performance and high condensation speed, and because the train cast steel wheels obtained by casting have the advantages of high dimensional accuracy, smooth surface and uniform crystalline structure, fettling of the train cast steel wheels is not required, and the casting speed is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to graphite technology field, refer to especially a kind of graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Present stage, steel, iron and most non-ferrous alloy casting all adopt sand mould casting method to obtain.Because the molding material that sand mold casting is used is cheap and easy to get, Casting mold manufacturing is easy, and single piece production to foundry goods, produce by batch and produce and all can adapt in a large number, for a long time, be the basic technology in Foundry Production always.
But, sand mold casting exists the shortcoming that is difficult to overcome, particularly, in the time of casting train cast steel wheel, its shortcoming is more obvious: (1) sand mold casting mold main raw material is that silica sand and tackiness agent mixing plastotype process, and therefore causes it frangible not high with durability; (2) liquid steel temperature of train cast steel wheel is higher, in castingprocesses, causes the defects such as train cast steel wheel subsurface porosity and pin hole because tackiness agent is subject to thermal evaporation meeting; (3) size precision of the train cast steel wheel that sand mold casting obtains is low, surface irregularity; (4) the train cast steel wheel that sand mold casting obtains need to carry out repaired biscuit, and casting speed is slow.
Find a kind of new casting technique, solve the shortcoming of sand mold casting, become casting field, especially problem demanding prompt solution in the casting of train cast steel wheel.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould and preparation method thereof, the graphite material preparing by the method can be for making train cast steel wheel casting mould, and this casting mould is difficult for fragmentation and durability is high; The train cast steel wheel that casting obtains is without subsurface porosity and needle pore defect; The train cast steel wheel size precision that casting obtains is high, smooth surface, and crystal structure is even; Casting speed is fast.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides technical scheme as follows:
For a preparation method for the graphite material of train cast steel wheel casting mould, comprising:
Raw material is processed and blending process: broken during after-smithing petroleum coke is carried out, abrasive dust, screening processing, form carbon particles material and the powder of multiple granularity, and carry out mix;
Kneading process: carbon particles material, powder and coal pitch of agglomerant are uniformly mixed, are kneaded into plasticity-thickener;
Moulding process: produce viscous deformation under the applied external force that plasticity-thickener is applied by forming machine, form green compact;
Roasting process: green compact are packed in process furnace and carry out high-temperature heat treatment, make the coal-tar pitch charing in green compact, form baked article;
Graphitizing process: baked article is heated in high-temperature electric resistance furnace, make amorphous turbostratic charcoal change into three-dimensional order graphite crystalloid structure, obtain graphite material.
Further, in described raw material processing and blending process, broken rear formation carbon particles material in described after-smithing petroleum coke, its granularity is 0.8-0mm, after described carbon particles material abrasive dust, form powder, its granularity is below 0.075mm, and the grain size category after described carbon particles material screen divides is 0.8-0.5mm and 0.5-0mm.
Further, the weight part of described carbon particles material is 38-45 part, and the weight part of described powder is 28-32 part, and the weight part of described coal pitch of agglomerant is 16-20 part.
Further, the weight part of the carbon particles material that in described carbon particles material, grain size category is 0.8-0.5mm is 14-18 part, and the weight part of the carbon particles material that grain size category is 0.5-0mm is 24-27 part.
Further, also add and have die mould product waste product to return material in described kneading process, the weight part that described die mould product waste product is returned material is 8-12 part, and the granularity that described die mould product waste product is returned material is below 20mm.
Further, described kneading process comprises the process of being dry mixed and wet mixing process, the described process time that is dry mixed is 30-50min, described wet mixing process time is 40-60min, in described kneading process, temperature is controlled at 180-190 DEG C, the temperature of the plasticity-thickener forming after kneading is 140-190 DEG C, and by this plasticity-thickener cooling 0.5-1.5min under 125-130 DEG C of environment.
Further, in described moulding process, the pressure of forming machine is 110-120Mpa, and the time is 7-8min, form products formed, and by described products formed as for cooling 8-12h in water, form green compact, the density of described green compact is 1.70 ± 0.2g/cm
3, resistivity is 10000 ± 100 μ Ω m, the baked article density obtaining after described roasting is 1.60 ± 0.1g/cm
3, resistivity is 40-50 μ Ω m.
Further, described roasting process comprises bakes to burn the article process, steeping process and re-baking process, and described steeping process is: bakes to burn the article is obtained to baked article and carry out removing surface, preheating and pack in impregnating autoclave; Impregnating autoclave is vacuumized, injected coal-tar pitch and pressurizes for some time; Finally return pitch cooling by flooding complete baked article; The time of described bakes to burn the article is 22-20 days, and top temperature is 1200-1300 DEG C; The time of described re-baking is 5-20 days, and top temperature is 700-800 DEG C; The preheating temperature of described steeping process is 260-380 DEG C, time is 6-10 hour, described evacuated pressure is 8-9KPa, time is 40-50min, described coal-tar pitch temperature is 180-200 DEG C, described moulding pressure is 1.2-1.5Mpa, and the time is 3-4 hour, described cooling can be in described impregnating autoclave or impregnating autoclave carry out outward.
Further, in described graphitizing process, high-temperature electric resistance furnace is acheson furnace, and temperature is 2300-3000 DEG C, and the time is 50-80 hour; Or high-temperature electric resistance furnace is LWG stove, temperature is 2300-3000 DEG C, and the time is 9-15 hour.
For a graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould, described graphite material makes by above-mentioned preparation method.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
Compared with prior art, the graphite material preparing by the preparation method of the graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould of the present invention can be for making train cast steel wheel casting mould, this casting mould has higher physical strength with respect to sand mold casting mold, be difficult for broken, and the high temperature resistant and good in oxidation resistance of this casting mould, can Reusability, durability is high; In this casting mould, volatilizable gas content is almost nil, and the train cast steel wheel that casting obtains is without subsurface porosity and needle pore defect; The self lubricity of this casting mould is good, and the train cast steel wheel size precision that casting obtains is high, smooth surface, and crystal structure is even; The heat conductivility of this casting mould is good, and condensing rate is fast, and the train cast steel wheel size precision obtaining due to casting is high, smooth surface, and crystal structure is even, does not need train cast steel wheel to carry out repaired biscuit, and casting speed is fast.
Embodiment
For making the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of the graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould, comprising:
S1: raw material is processed and blending process
Broken during after-smithing petroleum coke is carried out, abrasive dust, screening processing, form carbon particles material and the powder of multiple granularity, and carry out mix;
In this process, in broken process be: the after-smithing petroleum coke that is about 50mm by globule size carries out break process by disintegrating apparatus such as jaw crusher, hammer mill, roll crushers, forms carbon particles material; Abrasive dust process is: a part of carbon particles material, by the equipment such as outstanding rod formula ring roller pulverizing mill (Raymond mill), the ball mill small-particle that is ground into powder, is formed to powder; Screening process is: another part carbon particles material, by having a series of sieves of even perforate, is divided into the carbon particles material of different grain size grade;
Mix refers to above-mentioned carbon particles material, powder and coal pitch of agglomerant is required to prepare burden according to formula;
S2: kneading process
Carbon particles material, powder and coal pitch of agglomerant are uniformly mixed, are kneaded into plasticity-thickener;
This process need carries out at a certain temperature, and the plasticity-thickener that kneading becomes need to could be for follow-up after overcooling;
S3: moulding process
Under the applied external force that plasticity-thickener is applied by forming machine, produce viscous deformation, form green compact;
In this process, forming machine is vibrating forming machine, and the green compact of formation have the green compact of definite shape, size, density and intensity;
S4: roasting process: green compact are packed in process furnace and carry out high-temperature heat treatment, make the coal-tar pitch charing in green compact, form baked article;
In this process, process furnace can be circular furnace (with cover or not with cover), the tunnel furnace of working continuously, and formula stoving oven, box stoving oven at the bottom of the down-draft kiln of batch operation, car; The pitch coke forming after coal-tar pitch charing in green compact is consolidated carbonaceous aggregate and powder particle, forms baked article, and baked article has higher physical strength, lower resistivity, good thermostability and chemical stability; In this process, can check baked article verified whether baked article reaches appointment requirement, and concrete grammar has: outward appearance is knocked, resistivity measurement, volume density test, intensity test, internal structure dissect;
S5: graphitizing process: baked article is heated in high-temperature electric resistance furnace, make amorphous turbostratic charcoal change into three-dimensional order graphite crystalloid structure, obtain graphite material;
In this process, in high-temperature electric resistance furnace, in protective medium, carbon product is heated to, makes amorphous turbostratic charcoal change into three-dimensional order graphite crystalloid structure and plane hexagonal gridding laminate structure, obtain graphite material; Graphite material is compared with baked article, and electroconductibility, thermal conductivity, shaking property of heat resistanceheat resistant, chemical stability, oilness and resistance to abrasion all improve, and impurity reduces, and purity improves.
Compared with prior art, the graphite material preparing by the preparation method of the graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould of the present invention can be for making train cast steel wheel casting mould, this casting mould has higher physical strength with respect to sand mold casting mold, be difficult for broken, and the high temperature resistant and good in oxidation resistance of this casting mould, can Reusability, durability is high; In this casting mould, volatilizable gas content is almost nil, and the train cast steel wheel that casting obtains is without subsurface porosity and needle pore defect; The self lubricity of this casting mould is good, and the train cast steel wheel size precision that casting obtains is high, smooth surface, and crystal structure is even; The heat conductivility of this casting mould is good, and condensing rate is fast, and the train cast steel wheel size precision obtaining due to casting is high, smooth surface, and crystal structure is even, does not need train cast steel wheel to carry out repaired biscuit, and casting speed is fast.
In the preparation process of graphite material, various raw materials are all made up of varigrained material, and globule size, shape and the surface appearance etc. of raw material, all have a great impact for the preparation process of graphite material and the performance of graphite material etc.In raw material processing of the present invention and blending process, through long-term groping experiment and study and find, the graphite material intensity that the collocation of following granularity is made is high, thermal conductivity and good conductivity: broken rear formation carbon particles material in after-smithing petroleum coke, its granularity can be 0.8-0mm, after carbon particles material abrasive dust, form powder, its granularity can be that the grain size category after carbon particles material screen divides can be 0.8-0.5mm and 0.5-0mm below 0.075mm.
Taking carbon particles material as aggregate, taking powder as stopping composition, can improve the intensity of graphite material, can obtain again good electroconductibility and thermal conductivity.
In raw material disposal and blending process, through experiment, preferred, the weight part of carbon particles material is 38-45 part, and the weight part of powder is 28-32 part, and the weight part of coal pitch of agglomerant is 16-20 part.
Compared with other formulas, produce the comprehensive good physical and chemical properties of the graphite material obtaining by above-mentioned formula, improve especially oxidation-resistance and the physical strength of graphite material, reduce the void content of graphite material.
Preferably, the weight part of the carbon particles material that in carbon particles material, grain size category is 0.8-0.5mm is 14-18 part, and the weight part of the carbon particles material that grain size category is 0.5-0mm is 24-27 part.
In above-mentioned formula, it is not the carbon particles material that uses simply 0.8-0mm, but be divided into 0.8-0.5mm and two grain size categories of 0.5-0mm, and the carbon particles material of two grain size categories is proportionally prepared burden, like this, there is certain reaction in carbon particles material, powder and coal pitch of agglomerant, has further improved physical strength and the crystallization uniformity coefficient of graphite material.
In each procedure of producing at graphite material, inevitably can produce a certain amount of waste product and add the chip in man-hour, this waste product and chip are that die mould product waste product is returned material, die mould product waste product is returned material and can be used as raw material after certain fragmentation, thereby can economize on resources, and reduces environmental pollution, concrete, in kneading process, also add and have die mould product waste product to return material, the weight part that die mould product waste product is returned material is 8-12 part, and the granularity that die mould product waste product is returned material is below 20mm.
Use die mould product waste product is returned material and has not only been saved starting material, can also improve the quality of graphite material, concrete, can improve physical strength, electroconductibility, thermal conductivity and the production rate of graphite material.
As a modification of the present invention, kneading process comprises the process of being dry mixed and wet mixing process, the process of being dry mixed refers to carbon particles material and powder is uniformly mixed to form to siccative, mixing time is 30-50min, wet mixing process refers to siccative and coal pitch of agglomerant is mixed to form to plasticity-thickener, mixing time is 40-60min, in kneading process, temperature is controlled at 180-190 DEG C, the temperature of the plasticity-thickener forming after kneading is 140-190 DEG C, and by this plasticity-thickener cooling 0.5-1.5min under 125-130 DEG C of environment.
The above-mentioned process that is dry mixed distributes (being normal distribution) carbon particles material and powder uniformly, be conducive to graphite material and there is isotropic physicochemical property, and the space between carbon particles material is filled better, improve boring degree of compactness, increase physical strength and the crystallization uniformity coefficient of graphite material; Wet mixing process is uniformly distributed coal pitch of agglomerant and siccative, and weave construction homogeneous, is beneficial to subsequent forming.
In moulding process, for improving molding rate, reduce the scrap rate in moulding process, the pressure of vibrating forming machine is 110-120Mpa, time is 7-8min, form products formed, and by products formed as for cooling 8-12h in water, form green compact, more excellent for making to produce the physicochemical property of the graphite material that obtains, need to limit the physicochemical property of green compact and roasting product, concrete, the density of green compact can be 1.70 ± 0.2g/cm
3, resistivity can be 10000 ± 100 μ Ω m, the baked article density obtaining after roasting can be 1.60 ± 0.1g/cm
3, resistivity can be 40-50 μ Ω m.
As another kind of improvement of the present invention, roasting process comprises bakes to burn the article process, steeping process and re-baking process, and steeping process is: bakes to burn the article is obtained to baked article and carry out removing surface, preheating and pack in impregnating autoclave; Impregnating autoclave is vacuumized, injected coal-tar pitch and pressurizes for some time; Finally return pitch cooling by flooding complete baked article.
Bakes to burn the article to roasting product often exist more pore and pinprick defect, can not reach requirement, steeping process is that roasting product is placed in to pressurized vessel, under certain temperature and pressure condition, liquid dipping agent bitumen is immersed to the technological process being penetrated in roasting product hole, again after re-baking, can effectively reduce the void content of graphite material, increase volume density and the physical strength of graphite material, improve conduction and the heat conductivility of graphite material.Certainly, also can repeatedly flood and roasting, further improve the physicochemical property of graphite material.
Concrete, the time of bakes to burn the article can be 22-20 days, top temperature can be 1200-1300 DEG C; The time of re-baking can be 5-20 days, and top temperature can be 700-800 DEG C; The preheating temperature of steeping process can be 260-380 DEG C, time can be 6-10 hour, evacuated pressure is 8-9KPa, time is 40-50min, coal-tar pitch temperature is 180-200 DEG C, it can power be 1.2-1.5Mpa that pressurization is pressed, and the time can be 3-4 hour, cooling can be in impregnating autoclave or impregnating autoclave carry out outward.
In graphitizing process, high-temperature electric resistance furnace is acheson furnace, and temperature can be 2300-3000 DEG C, and the time can be 50-80 hour; Or high-temperature electric resistance furnace is internal thermal serial stove, temperature is 2300-3000 DEG C, and the time is 9-15 hour.
Acheson furnace output is large, the temperature difference large, power consumption is higher; Internal thermal serial stove heat-up time is short, power consumption is low, uniform resistivity.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould, this graphite material makes by above-mentioned preparation method.
Compared with prior art, graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould of the present invention can be for making train cast steel wheel casting mould, this casting mould has higher physical strength with respect to sand mold casting mold, be difficult for broken, and the high temperature resistant and good in oxidation resistance of this casting mould, can Reusability, durability is high; In this casting mould, volatilizable gas content is almost nil, and the train cast steel wheel that casting obtains is without subsurface porosity and needle pore defect; The self lubricity of this casting mould is good, and the train cast steel wheel size precision that casting obtains is high, smooth surface, and crystal structure is even; The heat conductivility of this casting mould is good, and condensing rate is fast, and the train cast steel wheel size precision obtaining due to casting is high, smooth surface, and crystal structure is even, does not need train cast steel wheel to carry out repaired biscuit, and casting speed is fast.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of principle of the present invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. for a preparation method for the graphite material of train cast steel wheel casting mould, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Raw material is processed and blending process: broken during after-smithing petroleum coke is carried out, abrasive dust, screening processing, form carbon particles material and the powder of multiple granularity, and carry out mix;
Kneading process: carbon particles material, powder and coal pitch of agglomerant are uniformly mixed, are kneaded into plasticity-thickener;
Moulding process: produce viscous deformation under the applied external force that plasticity-thickener is applied by forming machine, form green compact;
Roasting process: green compact are packed in process furnace and carry out high-temperature heat treatment, make the coal-tar pitch charing in green compact, form baked article;
Graphitizing process: baked article is heated in high-temperature electric resistance furnace, make amorphous turbostratic charcoal change into three-dimensional order graphite crystalloid structure, obtain graphite material.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described raw material processing and blending process, broken rear formation carbon particles material in described after-smithing petroleum coke, its granularity is 0.8-0mm, after described carbon particles material abrasive dust, form powder, its granularity is below 0.075mm, and the grain size category after described carbon particles material screen divides is 0.8-0.5mm and 0.5-0mm.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the weight part of described carbon particles material is 38-45 part, and the weight part of described powder is 28-32 part, and the weight part of described coal pitch of agglomerant is 16-20 part.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the weight part of the carbon particles material that in described carbon particles material, grain size category is 0.8-0.5mm is 14-18 part, and the weight part of the carbon particles material that grain size category is 0.5-0mm is 24-27 part.
5. according to the preparation method described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that, in described kneading process, also add and have die mould product waste product to return material, the weight part that described die mould product waste product is returned material is 8-12 part, and the granularity that described die mould product waste product is returned material is below 20mm.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described kneading process comprises the process of being dry mixed and wet mixing process, the described process time that is dry mixed is 30-50min, described wet mixing process time is 40-60min, in described kneading process, temperature is controlled at 180-190 DEG C, and the temperature of the plasticity-thickener forming after kneading is 140-190 DEG C, and by this plasticity-thickener cooling 0.5-1.5min under 125-130 DEG C of environment.
7. preparation method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in described moulding process, the pressure of forming machine is 110-120Mpa, time is 7-8min, form products formed, and by described products formed as for cooling 8-12h in water, form green compact, the density of described green compact is 1.70 ± 0.2g/cm
3, resistivity is 10000 ± 100 μ Ω m, the baked article density obtaining after described roasting is 1.60 ± 0.1g/cm
3, resistivity is 40-50 μ Ω m.
8. preparation method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described roasting process comprises bakes to burn the article process, steeping process and re-baking process, and described steeping process is: bakes to burn the article is obtained to baked article and carry out removing surface, preheating and pack in impregnating autoclave; Impregnating autoclave is vacuumized, injected coal-tar pitch and pressurizes for some time; Finally return pitch cooling by flooding complete baked article; The time of described bakes to burn the article is 22-20 days, and top temperature is 1200-1300 DEG C; The time of described re-baking is 5-20 days, and top temperature is 700-800 DEG C; The preheating temperature of described steeping process is 260-380 DEG C, time is 6-10 hour, described evacuated pressure is 8-9KPa, time is 40-50min, described coal-tar pitch temperature is 180-200 DEG C, described moulding pressure is 1.2-1.5Mpa, and the time is 3-4 hour, described cooling can be in described impregnating autoclave or impregnating autoclave carry out outward.
9. preparation method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, in described graphitizing process, high-temperature electric resistance furnace is acheson furnace, and temperature is 2300-3000 DEG C, and the time is 50-80 hour; Or high-temperature electric resistance furnace is LWG stove, temperature is 2300-3000 DEG C, and the time is 9-15 hour.
10. for a graphite material for train cast steel wheel casting mould, it is characterized in that, described graphite material makes by the preparation method described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1-9.
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| CN108046243A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-05-18 | 王世聪 | A kind of method of amorphous carbon industrial volume production graphene |
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| CN101691300A (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2010-04-07 | 兴和兴永碳素有限公司 | Large-size medium-grained graphite material and production process thereof |
| CN103539109A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-29 | 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 | Graphite material for polysilicon ingot heat preservation thermal field and preparation method thereof |
| CN103553617A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-05 | 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 | Graphite material for continuous casting mold and preparation method thereof |
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| US4847021A (en) * | 1986-06-26 | 1989-07-11 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing high density carbon and graphite articles |
| CN101691300A (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2010-04-07 | 兴和兴永碳素有限公司 | Large-size medium-grained graphite material and production process thereof |
| CN103539109A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-29 | 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 | Graphite material for polysilicon ingot heat preservation thermal field and preparation method thereof |
| CN103553617A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-05 | 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 | Graphite material for continuous casting mold and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108046243A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-05-18 | 王世聪 | A kind of method of amorphous carbon industrial volume production graphene |
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