CN1041485C - Video camera - Google Patents
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- CN1041485C CN1041485C CN94112779A CN94112779A CN1041485C CN 1041485 C CN1041485 C CN 1041485C CN 94112779 A CN94112779 A CN 94112779A CN 94112779 A CN94112779 A CN 94112779A CN 1041485 C CN1041485 C CN 1041485C
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Abstract
To eliminate resolution degradation even when an image pickup lens is miniaturized and ghost pictures and an opening part aria are made small by alternating the function of an optical diaphragm part as an alternatable shutter operation in the wide dynamic range of an incident light quantity from an object. Incident light from the object is made incident on the image pickup lens 10 and it is lead to the image pickup surface of a CCD 2 and converted to line sequential video signals. The signals are sent to a signal processing means 3 and a luminance chrominance signal separation means 4 similarly to a conventional case and luminance signals are generated and outputted by a luminance signal processing means 5. Then, the luminance signal is turned to two color difference signals by a white balance control means 21 and a chrominance signal processing means 7 and further, converted to the form of carrier signals and outputted by an encoder means 8. Thereafter, the luminance signal is sent to a wide shutter means 22 and the two color difference signals are added to a color flicker extraction means 23 and supplied to a flicker judgement means 16 as two average color difference signal levels.
Description
The present invention step and a kind of television pickup equipment, it can be controlled and proofread and correct, and be used for illuminating will be by the gain of the intensity of light source of the object of imaging, and luminous intensity is changed periodically.
Fig. 2 is the calcspar of the primary structure of video (image) signal system used in the conventional television camera.
As shown in Figure 2, in the video signal system of television camera, incide on the imaging lens 1 from the incident light that is sent by the object (not shown) of imaging, and the imaging plane by being used for controlling the zoom lens at visual angle and being used for controlling the amasthenic lens system arrival imaging device 2 of focal length.Imaging lens 1 is to be provided with like this, make to provide and be used for controlling to the aperture of reaching as the light quantity of device 2 14 according to the incident light intensity, and, if desired, can export information about the fader control situation of the positional information of Varifocal zoom lens system (not shown) and amasthenic lens system (also not shown) and iris apparatus 14.In imaging device (hereinafter referred to as " CCD ") 2, the picture that arrives the object of imaging plane is converted preface image (video) signal of embarking on journey under the control of CCD driving control device 13 (hereinafter referred to as " CCD driver "), and the CCD driver is discussed below.
Should be appreciated that above-mentioned CCD2 is a kind of solid-state imaging element that generally is called CCD, because its structure and operation are prior aries, its detailed description of Therefore, omited.In order to explain the present invention, only need make simple explanation to this term of CCD.
CCD is assembled by photo-electric conversion element, and wherein screen is divided into a large amount of pixels, introduces the electron charge that its electric weight depends on the incident light of each pixel, and the electric charge of introducing during in a flash gathers.CCD also has level and vertical transitions path (using the register of a kind of being called " charge coupled device "), is used to draw the electron charge that gathers as row preface picture signal on element.In normal running, all accumulate in the electron charge on the element, the outer increase control signal of every field interval of responsive trip preface vision signal, be transferred to the vertical transitions path, and after this, electron charge is stored immediately, and its quantity is got inferior to the incident light corresponding to next that sends from object.In this CCD with built-in cartridge shutter function, when selecting shutter is operated (from CCD driver 13, exporting discharge pulse), the electron charge that on element, accumulates, the response discharge pulse discharges (extraction) by a path that is different from the preparation of transferring path, and discharge pulse is (this discharge operation can carry out several times at a field interval) that the preselected time during the field duration applied in the cycle.Then, firm stored electron charge is transferred to the vertical transitions path in (time interval that shutter is opened) during opening corresponding to shutter after this discharge operation.
Should be noted that the electron charge that is transferred to the vertical transitions path, be transferred to the horizontal transfer path of each cell array of along continuous straight runs setting in each horizontal scan period, and be output as capable preface vision signal.
The capable preface vision signal of being changed by CCD2 is sent to signal processing apparatus 3 (hereinafter being called " CDS/AGC "), thereby removes the noise signal specific to CCD itself, and regulates vision signal, thereby produces the vision signal of predetermined amplitude.Be sent to brightness (Y)/color (C) signal separator 4 (hereinafter be called " Y/C separator) from the signal of CDS/AGC output, this output is separated into luminance signal and color signal.In Y/C separator 4, the red component (R) of the low frequency component (Ye) of the high fdrequency component of luminance signal (Yh), luminance signal and main colour signal separates by means of frequency band with blue colouring component (B) and is separated, and synchronous detection signal also is disclosed.Then, high fdrequency component of luminance signal (Yh) and low frequency component (Ye) are delivered to apparatus for processing luminance signal 5 (hereinafter referred to as " Y processor "), carry out for example linearity correction (correction of coffee horse) therein, the signal processing operations of preliminary elections such as horizontal/vertical contour correction, thus produce luminance signal.
On the other hand, the red component (R) of low frequency component of luminance signal (Ye) and priming color signal/blue component (B) is provided for white balance control device 6 (hereinafter being called " WB controller "), therein, these signals amplitude separately is adjusted to the control of white and reproduces, and the white balance signal is sent to color signal processing apparatus 7 (hereinafter being called " C processor ").Then, C processor 7 produces two color difference signals (R-Ye) and (B-Ye), and (hereinafter referred to as " ENC " is converted into the signal of the form with carrier wave color signal (C) to two color difference signals by encoder 8.
Above-mentioned signal processing operations is the basic configuration/operation of television camera.Then, carry out television camera additional configuration/operation explanation.
Having response at television camera automatically controls under the situation of the function of opening iris apparatus 14 from the incident light intensity of the object of wanting imaging, be sent to iris control apparatus 15 from the luminance signal (Y) of Y processor 5 outputs, thereby control opening of iris apparatus 14 by this way automatically, make the value of luminance signal (Y) be limited in the preset range.
Have at television camera under the situation of the function that can set the white reproduction according to the light source that illuminates subject, two kinds of color difference signals (R-Ye) and (B-Ye) locked back WB control device 6, then, (color difference signal (R-Ye) and value (B-Ye) are substantially equal to zero when being conditioned when white is reproduced, and the imaging object color is a kind of operation of white), be used as and want controlled signal.
Have automatic flicker detection/calibration function and change periodically when the brightness of the light source of illuminating objects at television camera, its cycle is when being cycle of the AC power supplies that is used for light source of twice, a kind of so-called " flicker " phenomenon obtains proofreading and correct, and this scintillation is because the amplitude of vision signal changed with cycle of poor (beat cycle) in the field duration that equals vision signal and brightness change cycle causes.
In this automatic flicker detection/correction type television camera, be admitted to flash detecting device 11 from the luminance signal (Y) of Y processor and output, the amplitude that has the specific period in the brightness signal Y of being included in therein changes component and is removed, and the amplitude and the predetermined reference value that change component compared, thereby determine whether to exist flicker.Then compare result signal is supplied with fixedly shutter device 12, it sends and is equivalent to predetermined shutter and opens the signal of time and give CCD driver 13, and driver 13 is opened the discharge pulse supply CCD2 of time being equivalent to the preliminary election shutter then.Though should be noted that the predetermined time of opening of this shutter can be definite with above-mentioned beat cycle, when the frequency of the AC power supplies of driving light source is 50 H
2(be that brightness change frequency is H
2) time, and the field frequency of vision signal is 60 H
2The time, this shutter time of opening generally is made as 1/100 second (0.01 second).
In addition, in having the television camera of other shutter function, when the object of rapid movement was made a video recording, the blooming of a kind of still image (individual image of fast animal body) can be prevented from the unit on the scene.In this television camera, fixedly shutter device 12 provides corresponding to the shutter of being selected by the operating unit (not shown) and opens the signal of time, and CCD driver 13 provides discharge pulse corresponding to selected shutter opening signal to CCD2.
In above-mentioned existing-quality television video camera, following problem is arranged.
That is exactly, and in order to improve the performance of imaging lens 1, iris apparatus 14 generally must be located on such position, promptly makes this iris apparatus 14 be positioned on the optical axis of imaging lens 1, advances and be arranged essentially parallel to this optical axis from the light of imaging object.
This can hinder the miniaturization of immaging lens 1, in addition, the shape in the hole of device for opening also on imaging screen imaging form so-called " ghost ", and when the area in hole hour (being that the diaphragm number increases), because the diffraction phenomenon can make the definition variation of immaging lens.
As will be detailed later, when the CCD device with shutter function is housed, the shutter function of television camera, from the base quantity that is carried out the incident light of opto-electronic conversion by CCD2 is that controlled viewpoint be it seems, can be used to replace the function of iris apparatus 14, therefore have this television camera, wherein the shutter function of CCD2 is used to replace being equipped with iris apparatus 14 under specific image-forming condition.But, controlled shutter is opened the time (least unit of operating time) and is not short to enough topped one bright object.And, there is not such CCD device, it has whole variable ranges (dynamic range) that can be enough to topped incident light quantity from imaging object.Therefore, providing under the situation of a large amount of incident lights, under this imaging condition scintillation can take place, because in order to reduce incident light quantity, selecting the high-speed shutter action, this makes the flicker amount of luminance signal (Y) and color signal (C) increase (reason is waited to state).In this case, replace the television camera of iris apparatus 14 just can not realize with the CCD2 shutter function.
And in a kind of television camera of routine, when the scintillation that the driving power of the light source of imaging object causes was illuminated in detection, the shutter operation speed an ancient exorcistic ceremony of CCD2 changed over general shutter operation speed, thereby eliminates this scintillation.In this television camera, another problem is arranged then.Promptly the electronic charge that accumulates on the element of CCD2 has been reduced, thereby compares the brightness sensitivity that has reduced imaging object with normal shutter operation speed under selected shutter operation speed.
Fig. 1 schematically shows the basic structure of conventional WB control 6.In this conventional WB control 6, when the light source of illuminating objects changes, be taken as by television camera at imaging object and carry out white balance under the condition of white and adjust again.In the structure of Fig. 1, from the color difference signal (R-Ye) of C processor 7 output and (B-Ye) feed back to equilibration device 61 and 62 respectively, therein these color difference signals respectively in the time domain integrates with the acquisition average signal.This average signal is supplied to comparison means 63 and 64, therein these average color difference signals (R-Ye) and (B-Ye) and automatically white reference voltage (EW) compare.Automatically white reference voltage (EW) have one be used for netrual colour be equivalent to color difference signal (R-Ye) and value (B-Ye).By switching device 65 and 66, at comparison means 63, the consequential signal of the comparison of carrying out in 64 (each difference component) is delivered to gain control 67.68, its gain is so controlled and is kept, make produce average color difference signal (R-Ye) and value (B-Ye) respectively and automatically white reference voltage (EW) mate.
Should be noted that this control by means of switch 65 and 66 is connected beginning, and when average color difference signal (R-Ye) and (B-Ye) and automatic white reference voltage (EW) when mating, switch 65,66 is opened.Generally after this operation is manually started, the adjustment operation of these switches 65 and 66 reality and discharging is automatically finished and is stopped.
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides following device:
In a television camera that so is provided with according to the shutter operation of image device, the rapid-result device that resembles be used for opto-electronic conversion is carried out in the light image that focuses on the imaging plane by means of optical lens, the light image signal that makes opto-electronic conversion cross is exported as row preface vision signal, amplitude Be Controlled from the vision signal of imaging device output, maintain in the preset range so as to the amplitude that makes vision signal, this scope is relevant with the change from the amount of the incident light of imaging object, and described television camera comprises at least:
The regular picture pulse generating unit is used in horizontal blank cycle and the horizontal-drive signal of vision signal produces the pulse train with predetermined timing synchronously;
N times of discharge pulse generator is used for producing pulse train at the vertical blank of vision signal at least in the cycle, and described pulse train equals to be multiply by by an integer value that horizontal-drive signal obtained of vision signal; And
The aperture time determination device, the luminance signal that is used for responding vision signal is determined aperture time, wherein:
When the timing of being determined the discharge pulse that device is determined by aperture time appears within the cycle of images of vision signal, and when discharge pulse is used to discharge the unwanted electron charge that has been stored in the corresponding photoelectric conversion device that provides with each pixel of image device, discharge pulse from the output pulse of regular picture pulse generating device each regularly or several timing be supplied to imaging device, and the vertical blank that is in vision signal when the timing of being determined the discharge pulse that device is determined by aperture time is within the cycle time, discharge pulse from the output pulse of N times of discharge pulse generation device each regularly or several timing supply with image device.
In addition, in the television camera of so not putting according to the shutter operation of image device, image device is used for the optical imagery that is focused on by optical lens on the imaging equality is carried out opto-electronic conversion, the feasible optical imagery of being crossed by opto-electronic conversion is as the output of row preface vision signal, and amplitude Be Controlled from the vision signal of image device output, make the amplitude of vision signal maintain with from the relevant preset range of the amount of the incident light of imaging object, television camera comprises at least:
The integrating gear of preliminary election number of fields and the field-scanning period of vision signal and correspondingly be provided from the period of change of the amount of the incident light of imaging object;
The input switch device is used for changing the vision signal of each, and is used for sequentially distributing the vision signal of changing to enter the integrating gear of predetermined number of fields;
Output switch apparatus is used for sequentially changing the output of the integrating gear of the predetermined number of fields that will be output;
Aperture time is determined device, is used for responding from the value of the output signal of output conversion device determining aperture time, wherein:
Each integrating gear carries out integration to luminance signal with constant by one when predetermined during the predetermined number of fields that is connected with the input switch device, export the mean value of luminance signal whereby between the emergence period at the number of fields of preliminary election; And
Output conversion device, be used for the output that sequentially divides device to each conversion predetermined field scalar product, export a continuous signal whereby, thereby determine regularly Be Controlled of discharge pulse that device determines by aperture time, its discharges the unwanted electron charge in the corresponding photo-electric conversion element of each pixel that is stored in image device.
And, in the television camera that the shutter operation according to image device is provided with like this, image device wherein is used for the optical imagery that is focused on into by optical lens on the image plane is carried out opto-electronic conversion, the feasible optical imagery of being crossed by opto-electronic conversion is as the output of row preface vision signal, and amplitude Be Controlled from the vision signal of image device output, make whereby the reproduction of the color of vision signal be maintained at from the relevant preset range of the change of the amount of the incident light of imaging object, this television camera comprises at least:
Divide device according to the field-scanning period of vision signal with from two groups of predetermined field scalar products that change cycle of the amount of the incident light of imaging object provides;
Two groups of input conversion apparatus are used for changing two color difference signals (R-Ye) of input and (B-Ye), and these two color difference signals are distributed to the predetermined field scalar product divide device; And
Output conversion device is used for sequentially changing the output that divides device from the predetermined row scalar product that will be output, wherein:
Each integrating gear is with a scheduled time constant, to color difference signal (E-Ye) and (B-Ye) matches with the operation of input conversion apparatus and carry out integration in a selected number of fields, so as to the mean value of the color difference signal of output between the preliminary election number of fields emergence period;
Two output conversion devices are sequentially changed every the output from preliminary election number of fields integrating gear, so as to exporting a continuous signal; And
Comparing from every two color difference signals (R-Ye) of two output conversion devices and the reference value of a mean value (B-Ye) and a preliminary election, and response ratio result's control is used for the gain of the gain control of priming color signal.
Fig. 1 schematically represents the basic structure (calcspar) of conventional white balance control device;
Fig. 2 schematically represents the main circuit structure of the video signal system of conventional television camera;
Fig. 3 schematically represents the main circuit structure of the video signal system that uses in the television camera of the present invention;
Fig. 4 schematically represents the main circuit structure of the wide shutter device that uses in the television camera of the present invention;
Fig. 5 (a) to (d) schematically represents the shutter operation time of television camera of the present invention and the relation between the discharge pulse;
Fig. 6 (a) to (g) be the operation of explanation flicker extraction element and scintillation by the shape timing diagram;
Fig. 7 is the main circuit structure that is used for the flicker extraction element of television camera of the present invention; And
Fig. 8 is the main circuit structure of the chromatic flicker extraction element that uses in the television camera of the present invention;
Embodiment referring now to description of drawings television camera of the present invention.Should be noted that the identical label in the existing-quality television video camera represents the identical device and the structure of the television camera of embodiment, and omit their detailed description.
Should also be noted that according to television camera of the present invention, the field frequency of vision signal is elected 60H as
2, it is 50H that driving is illuminated by the frequency of the AC power of the light source of imaging object
2These conditions can be understood, and for example, TSC-system formula television camera is used in 50H
2AC power in as the situation of an example.When even these organization plans change, if the part of this television camera structure (calcspar) also changes, then the present invention's design can obviously be applicable to any type of television camera, and keeps same inventive concept.
Fig. 3 schematically represents to be used for the main circuit structure of video (image) signal system of the embodiment of the invention.
In the television camera of embodiments of the invention shown in Figure 3, from being incided on the immaging lens 10, then through being used for regulating the image plane that becomes that the zoomar at visual angle and the focusing system that is used for focusing (both not shown but all be included on the immaging lens in 10) enter CCD2 by the incident light of imaging object (not shown).By CCD2 this is entered the light conversion preface vision signal of embarking on journey.The capable preface vision signal of being changed by CCD2 is by CDS/AGC3, Y/C separator 4, with Y processor 5 to handle with the similar mode of conventional vision signal processing mode, thereby produce also output luminance signal (Y), and produce two groups of color difference signals (R-Ye) and (B-Ye) by WB controller 16 and C processor 7.And these color difference signals convert color carrier signal " C " to by ENC8, so as to output color carrier signal " C ".
Then, luminance signal (Y) is supplied with Y flicker extraction element 21, thereby produce luminance level signal (YS) (treating the back discussion), and luminance level signal (YS) is sent into wide shutter device 22.This two groups of color difference signals (R-Ye) and (B-Ye) be fed to chromatic flicker extraction element 23 are so as to producing two average color difference signal levels, i.e. RS and BS.These average color difference signals are sent to WB controller 16 (treating the back discussion).
At first wide shutter device 22 is discussed referring to primary structure shown in Figure 4.
Like this, the aperture time information (ST) that is determined is sent to discharge pulse output device 224, and it also is provided with regular picture pulse (RP), N times discharge pulse (NP) and vertical synchronizing signal (VD).In this case, as described below from discharge pulse output device 224 outputs one discharge pulse PP):
Fig. 5 (a) to (d) schematically represents the relation between aperture time and the discharge pulse (PP).The position of in Fig. 5 (a), on the cycle of images of the vision signal that produces according to vertical synchronizing signal (VD) and the oscillogram in vertical blank cycle, having expressed horizontal-drive signal.In Fig. 5 (a), when using NTSC type vision signal, 1 equal 1/60 second (about 0.0167 second) during this period the number of horizontal synchronizing cycle be 262.5 (will be expressed as 262.5H) as the time interval, and the vertical blank cycle is approximately 1.27ms, and the horizontal synchronizing cycle number equaled for 20 (time intervals of 20H) during this period.
In general, for fear of the side effect that makes the periodic signal variation that causes owing to the unwanted electron charge of release, discharge pulse (PP) must be exported in the blank cycle (horizontal blank cycle) of horizontal-drive signal.
For convenience of explanation, the end of supposing the vertical blank cycle that reads out in of effective electron electric charge from each pixel of CCD2 finishes, and aperture time is expressed as corresponding horizontal number synchronizing cycle, promptly be arranged in the end points in vertical blank cycle and be provided clock cycle number between moment of (output) at this discharge pulse (PP).Because 1H is equivalent to about 63.5ms, suppose that equal the end points from vertical blank cycle of discharge pulse (PP) in Fig. 5 (a) is that the point " A " of 52H is provided, aperture time then becomes about 3.3ms (about 1/300 second).Press principle of uniformity, when discharge pulse (PP) is equivalent to 9H in Fig. 5 (a) some B place provided, aperture time then was approximately 0.57ms (1/1750 second).
It should be noted that, up to discharge pulse input the time be engraved in the electric charge that accumulates on the pixel and drained, therefore these electric charges are not used to produce vision signal, on the other hand, if before the end points in vertical blank cycle, do not apply discharge pulse (PP), aperture time then becomes 1/60 second, effectively exports in whole electron charges conducts of 1 field interval accumulation and is used for producing vision signal.
And, carry out the explanation of the minimum variable unit of aperture time now, so that handle the large-scale brightness change of imaging object by means of shutter operation.
At first, as initial condition, discharge pulse (PP) only is added on the CCD in the blank cycle of horizontal synchronization pulse, as carrying out in the existing-quality television video camera.For example, at an aperture time is in the television camera of 1/60 second (being equivalent to does not have shutter operation in a field duration), brightness at 100 imaging objects of reining in is adjusted under the condition of the brightest signal, and when the brightness of object becomes 500 lux-hours, aperture time is necessary for 1/300 second.Shutter operation can be adjusted like this, makes discharge pulse (PP) at above-mentioned point " A " output, i.e. 52H point.If discharge pulse is near the output of the point of 52H, the minimum variable unit of the 1H of aperture time then become be equivalent to less than 1/300 second 2%.Thereby, no problem in the shutter change operation.On the contrary, when the brightness of object in same television camera becomes 3000 lux-hours, aperture time then requires to equal 1/1800 second, promptly above-mentioned point " B ", i.e. 9H point or 8H point.The minimum variable unit of aperture time become 1/1800 second 11% or more, when corresponding to the aperture time of 1H at point " B " when changing on every side.In addition, when the brightness of object is 20000 lux-hours, aperture time must be 1/12000 second, and this is equivalent to surpass 1H a bit.This means, when aperture time changes as the variable unit of minimum with the increment of 1H, will become 1/12000 second 50% more than.If this is the case, the variation that causes in luminance level when aperture time is caused change during imaging operation, will be too big, thereby will be unpractical.
Get back to explanation of the present invention and come up, Fig. 5 (b) represents the pulse train (RP) of regular picture pulse.This regular picture pulse (RP) is a kind of pulse that occurs at each horizontal blank cycle.The pulse train of Fig. 5 (c) N times of discharge pulse of expression (NP).N times of discharge pulse (NP) is the pulse train with the frequency generation of N regular picture pulse (RP) doubly.Discharge pulse output device 224, according to the aperture time information (ST) that enters, obtain the moment that discharge pulse (PP) should be output from the end point in previous vertical blank cycle, and select such pulse as discharge pulse (PP), the output output regularly that it has a pulse train that approaches the regular picture pulse (RP) that produces from regular picture pulse generating unit 222 most regularly, whereby, export this pulse as discharge pulse (PP).Discharge pulse output device 224 selects to have the output pulse regularly that output regularly approaches the pulse train of the N times of discharge pulse (NP) of generation from N times of discharge pulse generator 223, and export this pulse as discharge pulse (PP), if export vertical blank that the timing of this discharge pulse (PP) is positioned at vision signal within the cycle.As a result, be used for representing and be illustrated among Fig. 5 (d) by the pulse train of the timing of discharge pulse (PP) use.When the regular picture pulse (RP) of 25 times of the quantity as many as of N times of discharge pulse (NP), even the aperture time of last example is chosen 11 and is equaled 1/12000 second, aperture time can be set on the increment of (be different from and choose) 1/25H, thereby minimum variable shutter chronomere may diminish to 4%.
The following describes the apparatus and method that in Y flicker extraction element 21, produce luminance level signal (YS), also will the scintillation during the shutter operation be described.
Fig. 6 (a) to (g) is the illustration of the operation of explanation Y flicker extraction element 21 and the scintillation that takes place in the shutter operation phase.Wherein, abscissa is a time shaft, and it was divided by the field duration of vision signal, and ordinate is represented the level of each signal.As mentioned above, in this television camera, the vision signal field frequency is elected 60H as
2, the frequency of AC power that illuminates the light source of imaging object is 50H
2
As described in the prior art, will be during with the cyclomorphosis in cycle of doubling AC power in the brightness of light source with the highest intensity generation scintillation.This is that AC power by the light source that illuminates imaging object causes.Fig. 6 (a) representative is used for illuminating the variation of brightness of this light source of imaging object.
In Fig. 6 (a), draw the width of dashed area and represent aperture time T.CCD2 changes the electron charge that accumulates the capable preface vision signal that is directly proportional with its equivalance into and exports the signal of changing on pixel.Expression is converted to the amount of the incident light of vision signal among Fig. 6 (b) by CCD2.
In Fig. 6 (c), represent with solid line that from the luminance signal (Y) of the capable preface of CCD2 ground output the mean value of every luminance signal section represents with horizontal dotted line, its level between different changes that the change that is by image causes.In this case, the cyclomorphosis of per three mean flow rate electricity value is special, and this may be the reason of flicker.In 6 (g), the relative phase between shutter operation and light-source brightness variation is represented as an example at Fig. 6 (a).Obviously, every field brightness value variable quantity is subjected to the influence of this phase relation and aperture time.
Secondly, Y flicker extraction element 21 is described.
Shown in horizontal dotted line among Fig. 6 (C),, in time domain, carrying out integration during the signal processing as extracting the conventional method that average brightness value changes.Yet, when the luminance signal (Y) shown in the solid line among Fig. 6 (C) during along the time shaft integration, the basic change of the average brightness value among a plurality of is also by average, and because this integration has produced time lag, thereby can not be extracted in the basic variation in real time in one.
Y of the present invention flicker extraction element 21 is considered this difficulty and design just, and its circuit structure is seen Fig. 7.
In Fig. 7, the primary structure of Y flicker extraction element 21 comprises input conversion apparatus 211, three groups of luminance signal field integrating gears (hereinafter being called " YF integrator ") 212 to 214, and output conversion device 215, luminance signal (Y) and use from the synchronous field switching signal (FC) of the vertical synchronizing signal of a device (not being shown specifically) and input to Y flicker extraction element 21, and these circuit arrangements are so connected, and make to set up the signal flow shown in the figure.
Simultaneously, referring to Fig. 6 this Y flicker extraction element 21 is described.The luminance signal (Y) of input is transfused to conversion equipment 211 response field switching signals (FC) and changes.The luminance signal (Y) of first one (11F) shown in Fig. 6 (a) to (g) is switched to YF integrator 212, the luminance signal of next one (12F) is switched to YF integrator 213, the luminance signal of adjacent one (13F) is switched to YF integrator 214, and thereby the luminance signal (Y) of next (21F) be converted to YF integrator 212.These luminance signals are supplied with corresponding YF integrator 212 to 214 continuously and sequentially.The luminance signal (Y) that 212 to 214 pairs of YF integrators are selected input is with a predetermined time constant integration that is sufficiently more than the field duration, thereby output map 6 (d) arrives the signal of Fig. 6 (f).Fig. 6 (d) expression is from the signal of YF integrator 212 outputs, and Fig. 6 (e) expression is from the signal of YF integrator 213 outputs, and Fig. 6 (f) expression is from the signal of YF integrator 214 outputs.Then, be output change over switch 215 to change from the signal of YF integrator 212 to 214 outputs with input conversion apparatus 211 identical orders, thereby produce the continuous signal shown in Fig. 6 (g), and as brightness value signal (YS) output, it is equivalent to the horizontal dotted line among Fig. 6 (C).
Like this, the brightness value signal (YS) that is produced is sent to wide shutter device 22, and this brightness value signal and aforesaid brightness reference value (ES) compare therein, and according to each mean value of every aperture time are controlled in real time.Thereby can proofread and correct flicker.
Now the reason about several luminance signal field integrating gears of needs is remarked additionally.In the above-described embodiments, used three grades of luminance signal field integrating gears, this is because the frequency of the AC power of light source is assumed that 50H
2, brightness changes with 100H
2Take place, and the field frequencies range of the vision signal of television camera is 60H
2, thereby per three generations are once glimmered.Because this flicker cycle equals the common denominator of brightness period of change and the minimum between the field duration, when being removed by the field duration, be convenient to calculate the progression of required luminance signal field integrating gear for the flicker cycle that calculates.As another example, the supply frequency of supposing light source is 60H
2, it is 120H that brightness changes occurrence frequency
2, be 50H from the field frequency of the vision signal of television camera output
2, because per 5 generations once glimmer, so need 5 grades of luminance signal field integrating gears.The number of connections that should be noted that the I/O conversion equipment must be applicable to corresponding 5 grades of luminance signal field integrating gears.
The correction of account for color scintillation now.
Similar with the scintillation of luminance signal, as previously mentioned, another kind of scintillation is because color concentrate to produce, and it is that AC power by light source causes.The scintillation that color concentrates is to cause that this brightness that is different from above-mentioned light source changes because the colour temperature of the light source that is driven by AC power changes, and it causes and the relevant scintillation of luminance signal (Y).This chromatic flicker appears in the color signal waveform, when shutter speed is high, it be increased thereby the specific luminance scintillation more harmful.By means of the ordinate of Fig. 6 (a) being read as colour temperature and Fig. 6 (b) being read as color signal value to the ordinate of Fig. 6 (g), just can be similar to the generation that brightness flicker illustrates colour flicker.Therefore the detailed explanation to colour flicker has been omitted.As particular point, two color difference signals (R-Ye) and (B-Ye) the mean value periodic variation in become colour flicker, shown in Fig. 6 (c).
In addition, about colour flicker, when colour-difference signal (R-Ye) or color difference signal (B-Ye) during in the time domain integrates, the basic variation of average color signal value is difficult to extract in these, and this is because the reason identical with the brightness flicker phenomenon.
Chromatic flicker extraction element 23 of the present invention has been considered the problems referred to above and has designed that its circuit structure as shown in Figure 8.
Fig. 8 is the primary structure of chromatic flicker extraction element 23, and it comprises the such device of two covers: every cover comprises 232 to 234 and output conversion devices 235 of 231, three groups of colour signal fields of input conversion apparatus integrating gear (hereinafter being called " CF integrator ").Two color difference signals (R-Ye) and (B-Ye) and and the synchronous field switching signal (FC) of vertical synchronizing signal that produces from a device (not shown) be imported into this chromatic flicker extraction element 23, and above-mentioned circuit element so connects, and makes to produce signal flow shown in Figure 8.This chromatic flicker extraction element 23 operate in fact identical with the brightness flicker extraction element, just to wanting processed signal to change the coordinate of Fig. 6 (a) to 6 (g) once, as mentioned above.Therefore, the detailed description of chromatic flicker extraction element 23 need not to provide.
With respect to two color difference signals (R-Ys) and (B-Ye), the average color difference signal value (RS) in every and (BS) can be removed independently is shown in Fig. 6 (g).Like this, the average color difference signal value (RS) of generation and (BS) just be admitted to WB control 16 the signal of these signal values as the operation of correction of color scintillation, also will illustrate therein below.
Carry out simple explanation though the WB in routine is controlled the routine adjustment of the color reproduction that carries out in 6, also need carry out the detailed description of WB control of the present invention now.
Fig. 9 is the basic structure of WB control 16 of the present invention.Difference referring to visible with the conventional WB control 6 of Fig. 1 is: comprise chromatic flicker extraction element 23 used among the embodiment as shown in Figure 3, comparison means 69.70 also replaces conversion equipment 65.66 with conversion equipment 71.72.
One of function of WB control 16 of the present invention is as follows.When the light source of illuminating objects changes, make by getting the white balance initialization that a white object carries out by means of conversion equipment 71 and 72 being transformed into " a " contact, remaining class of operation is similar to conventional WB control 6.After finishing the adjustment operation, these conversion equipments 71.72 are converted back to " b " point.
On the other hand, during normal imaging operation, fed back to comparison means 69.70 respectively from two of chromatic flicker extraction element 23 average color difference signal values (RS) with (BS).These average color difference signal values (RS), (BS) and automatically white reference voltage (EW) compare therein, thereby produce difference signal respectively, by conversion equipment 71.72 this difference signal are sent into gain control 67.68.Red component value (R) and blue component value (B) from the original color signal that Y/C separator 4 is imported so controlled therein, makes two color difference signal values (RS), (BS) total and automatically white reference voltage mate.Utilize this control operation, the average color temperature that red component (R) in the original color signal and the response of the value of blue component (B) are every is adjusted, and the result makes chromatic flicker obtain proofreading and correct.
Be to be understood that, the basic structure of the WB control 16 of the invention described above, as shown in Figure 9, can be used as an example, therefore, it can be amended as follows: for example, the signal that is imported into equilibration device 61 and 62 can be exported from chromatic flicker extraction element 23, and conversion equipment 71.72 can be positioned at the outlet side of comparison means 69.70, and comparison means 63.64 just has been omitted like this.
Utilize the structure of above-mentioned television camera of the present invention, because the iris ring device of optics is replaced by the shutter of the wide change scope that can handle the incident light quantity that sends from imaging object (dynamically model scope), immaging lens can be done compactly, can prevent the definition variation in addition, otherwise just may produce so-called " ghost ", this is because the shape than the outside in the hole of optically-variable iris apparatus causes, also can be that the diffraction phenomenon that takes place when reducing owing to the area when the hole is caused.In addition, because the shell degree that is caused by the power supply of light source in every flicker and chromatic flicker are extracted in real time, the flicker component that extracts is fed and is back to these brightness/color scintillations of correction.Therefore, can provide the television camera of stable operation, even when the brightness of the light source that is used to illuminate imaging object and colour temperature periodic variation, also be like this.
Claims (1)
1. television camera with image device, described image device is used for to the image formation of object by a variable intensity light source irradiation, and output row preface vision signal, described capable preface vision signal only is maintained at color rendering in the preset range by means of control capable preface vision signal amplitude by the shutter operation of image device, thereby the change that opposing is caused by described variable intensity light source from the incident light of object, described capable preface vision signal comprises two color difference signals (R-Y1) and (B-Y1), and described television camera comprises:
The empty system of a pair of gain device is used for controlling respectively the gain of described two color difference signals;
A pair of first and second integrating gears, each comprises the preselected number integrator, described predetermined number is determined by the field-scanning period of row preface vision signal with from the change cycle of the incident light of object;
A pair of input conversion apparatus is used for changing respectively described two color difference signals that are transfused to, thereby makes each color difference signal of two color difference signals be assigned to described preselected number integrator to each field; And
A pair of output conversion device is connected respectively on described first, second integrating gear, and each output conversion device is sequentially changed the output of coupled described predetermined number integrator, wherein:
Each described predetermined number integrator is by means of with the scheduled time constant integration being carried out in each field of described color difference signal, thereby the mean value of the described color difference signal of each that output is transfused to, and each of wherein said a pair of output conversion device is from the single continuous signal of the color difference signal mean value of described preselected number integrator, and, wherein have from two color difference signals and a preliminary election reference value of the mean value of described a pair of output conversion device output and compare, thereby export first, second gain control signal is so as to responding described first, first gain control signal is controlled the gain of described gain control respectively.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5344791A JPH07177427A (en) | 1993-12-20 | 1993-12-20 | Video camera |
| JP344791/93 | 1993-12-20 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96106193A Division CN1063307C (en) | 1993-12-20 | 1996-07-18 | Television camara |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1112330A CN1112330A (en) | 1995-11-22 |
| CN1041485C true CN1041485C (en) | 1998-12-30 |
Family
ID=18372022
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94112779A Expired - Lifetime CN1041485C (en) | 1993-12-20 | 1994-12-20 | Video camera |
| CN96106193A Expired - Lifetime CN1063307C (en) | 1993-12-20 | 1996-07-18 | Television camara |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96106193A Expired - Lifetime CN1063307C (en) | 1993-12-20 | 1996-07-18 | Television camara |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07177427A (en) |
| CN (2) | CN1041485C (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004112034A (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2004-04-08 | Canon Inc | Imaging device |
| CN100430816C (en) * | 2003-08-09 | 2008-11-05 | 上海复旦聚升信息科技有限公司 | Automatic video camera aperture lens control circuit CMOS image sensor |
| JP4632918B2 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2011-02-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Imaging device |
| JP4371108B2 (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2009-11-25 | ソニー株式会社 | Imaging apparatus and method, recording medium, and program |
| JP6587391B2 (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2019-10-09 | キヤノン株式会社 | IMAGING DEVICE, IMAGING DEVICE CONTROL METHOD, AND PROGRAM |
| JP2019106588A (en) | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-27 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | Image processing device, image processing method, and image capturing device |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87102223A (en) * | 1986-03-19 | 1987-09-30 | 索尼公司 | Solid state imager device |
| US5034822A (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-07-23 | Stevens William M | Video camera adaptor for film cameras |
| US5036399A (en) * | 1988-08-31 | 1991-07-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Phase controlled camera system having detachable lens |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5168364A (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1992-12-01 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image sensing apparatus |
| JPH04119776A (en) * | 1990-09-11 | 1992-04-21 | Sony Corp | Solid-state image pickup device |
-
1993
- 1993-12-20 JP JP5344791A patent/JPH07177427A/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-12-20 CN CN94112779A patent/CN1041485C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-07-18 CN CN96106193A patent/CN1063307C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87102223A (en) * | 1986-03-19 | 1987-09-30 | 索尼公司 | Solid state imager device |
| US5036399A (en) * | 1988-08-31 | 1991-07-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Phase controlled camera system having detachable lens |
| US5034822A (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-07-23 | Stevens William M | Video camera adaptor for film cameras |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH07177427A (en) | 1995-07-14 |
| CN1148772A (en) | 1997-04-30 |
| CN1063307C (en) | 2001-03-14 |
| CN1112330A (en) | 1995-11-22 |
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Expiration termination date: 20141220 Granted publication date: 19981230 |