CN104148438B - A kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process - Google Patents

A kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process Download PDF

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CN104148438B
CN104148438B CN201410314518.2A CN201410314518A CN104148438B CN 104148438 B CN104148438 B CN 104148438B CN 201410314518 A CN201410314518 A CN 201410314518A CN 104148438 B CN104148438 B CN 104148438B
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metal
composite
sleeve
composite material
temperature
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CN104148438A (en
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刘雪峰
刘慧�
袁学津
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

A kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process, belongs to layered metal composite material preparing technical field.It is characterized in that, the metallurgical compound of the pre-compound of passes of drawing, Fast Heating, single pass or the drawing of multi-pass temperature control that metal sleeve jacket more than 2 or 2 dissimilar metal wire rods, room temperature placed an order is removed with surface metal casing layer and is combined, and prepares high-quality, respectively forms the axis of metal and be parallel to each other and non-coincidence specialty metal laminar composite.Advantage of the present invention is, achieve the short flow high efficiency preparation of specialty metal laminar composite, the advantage such as the compound interface bond strength with composite is high, diffusion layer is thin, product specification is flexible, the combination of raw materials free degree is large, product quality and performances are excellent, be particularly suitable for compound interface and easily generate the specialty metal laminar composite of intermetallic compound and the preparation of difficult machining of special layered metal composite material, meet the urgent need of all trades and professions to specialty metal laminar composite.

Description

A kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process
Technical field
The invention belongs to layered metal composite material preparing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process.
Technical background
Layered metal composite material utilizes compound technology of preparing to make 2 kinds or the different metal of two or more physics, chemistry or mechanical property on interface, realize strong bonded and a kind of new material prepared.Although each layer metal of layered metal composite material maintains respective original characteristic, but the performances such as its physics, chemistry, mechanics are obviously better than single metal, there is the performances such as higher intensity, corrosion resistance and good conduction, heat conduction, magnetic conduction, of many uses in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, oil, chemical industry, automobile, electric power, electronics, defence and military and daily lifes.Therefore, the preparation of layered metal composite material receives the most attention of countries in the world in recent years.
Traditional layered metal composite material preparation method mainly comprises Compound Extrusion method, rolling by crimping, sleeve drawing method, galvanoplastic, hot dipping method, continuous casting process, casting daraf(reciprocal of farad), core-filled and continuously casted method, Continuous Casting with Dual Crystallizer method etc.First three kind belongs to solid phase complex method, and its metal source is easy to control, and instrument and supplies is fairly simple, has become a kind of main flow production method of metal current laminar composite; Latter five kinds belong to liquid-solid complex method, have the advantages such as short route, high efficiency, energy-saving and cost-reducing, low cost, but the more difficult control of the interface quality of its composition metal, and need special equipment; Galvanoplastic belong to electrochemical method, because there is the problems such as environmental pollution, applying and being subject to certain restrictions.
Sleeve drawing method prepares the main hubbing of one of layered metal composite material at present, by utilizing the dissimilar metal rod base of metal pipe billet jacket corresponding size, make jacket composite blank, obtain through room temperature drawing the bimetallic stratiform composite wire of dead in line that interface is mechanical bond, inside and outside metal.Compare with rolling with extrusion, adopt hubbing to prepare layered metal composite material and there is the advantages such as technique is simple, equipment investment is little, easy and simple to handle, cost is low, but, due to traditional hubbing prepare layered metal composite material time, general passage deformation extent and pressure all less, and usually at room temperature carry out, therefore the layered metal composite material of preparation often needs to carry out follow-up long-time diffusion annealing process, to realize good interface cohesion, there is energy resource consumption large, the bond quality of compound interface is difficult to control, interface diffusion layer is thicker, interface easily generates intermetallic compound, the quality and performance of product is difficult to meet instructions for use, and preliminary work hardening rate difference is large between two kinds of metals, plastic deformation difficult coordination, two kinds of metals are difficult to deform in same pace, drawing is easily broken, the problems such as lumber recovery is low.
Particularly, along with the fast development in the fields such as national economy in recent years new and high technology and defence and military, the axis of each composition metal is parallel to each other and non-coincidence specialty metal laminar composite (layered metal composite material of sector diagram as similar in cross section) proposes user demand, and adopt existing liquid-solid complex method, galvanoplastic and Compound Extrusion method, rolling by crimping cannot prepare this type of specialty metal laminar composite.When adopting traditional hubbing, after more than 2 or 2 metal wire rods are close to side by side and are directly deformed by drawing mould, due to without outer addition of constraints, the wire rod after distortion separately between can be separated, cannot interface cohesion be realized, thus still be difficult to prepare this type of specialty metal laminar composite.
Therefore, urgently develop a kind of specialty metal laminar composite preparation method of short flow high efficiency, the application meeting all trades and professions is badly in need of.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is by putting into same metal sleeve by simultaneously parallel for more than 2 or 2 dissimilar metal wire rods, dissimilar metal wire rod is made to carry out hot pull distortion by mould under the constraint of metal sleeve, the feature utilizing metal under high temperature easily to realize large plastic deformation and wire rod interface atom easily to occur to spread, and after utilizing metal sleeve to retrain the depanning of solution many wires material direct drawing compound tense wire rod, there is the problem of separation because nothing constraint simultaneously, realize the metallurgical binding (the method is referred to as " bull sleeve drawing composite algorithm ") at dissimilar metal wire rod interface, thus prepare high-quality, the axis of each composition metal is parallel to each other and non-coincidence specialty metal laminar composite.The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process, solution adopts current method to be difficult to short route, the axis of each composition metal of efficient preparation is parallel to each other and the problem of non-coincidence specialty metal laminar composite, is especially specially adapted to the difficult drawing combined shaping processing dissimilar metal wire rod.
A kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process, comprises the steps:
(1) surface treatment: grinding process is carried out on the inner surface of the metal sleeve at room temperature after effects on surface cleaning and the surface of metal wire rod;
(2) bull sleeve pipe compound: at room temperature put into same metal sleeve by simultaneously parallel for more than 2 or 2 metal wire rods, obtain combination blank;
(3) room temperature prestretching: carry out the drawing of room temperature single pass to combination blank, realize pre-compound, drawing deformation rate is 5% ~ 20%, to obtain between metal wire rod and and metal sleeve between the pre-composite blank that tentatively fits tightly of local;
(4) Fast Heating: under hydrogen, nitrogen or inert gas shielding, pre-composite blank is put into the off-line resistance furnace that in-furnace temperature reached drawing temperature heat and be incubated 3 ~ 5min, or adopt off-line or online current flow heats device or induction heating apparatus, in 2 ~ 10s, pre-composite blank is heated to drawing temperature, mould also heated simultaneously and keep its temperature to be drawing temperature;
(5) temperature control drawing: and then the pre-composite blank after Fast Heating is passed and heat and the mould be incubated, carry out single pass or the drawing of multi-pass temperature control, drawing passes deformation rate is 10% ~ 50%, prepares the specialty metal laminar composite of surface for metallic sheath tube layer;
(6) sleeve pipe is removed: the method adopting machined or chemical attack, removes the metallic sheath tube layer on specialty metal laminar composite surface, obtains specialty metal laminar composite.
Described metal can be simple metal, alloy or metallic composite, can be as cast condition, processing state or annealed state.
In described more than 2 or 2 metal wire rods, at least one wires material is dissimilar metal wire rod.
The metal sleeve outer surface of described combination blank and described die entrance district coating aquadag lubricant.
Described drawing temperature is 0.2 ~ 0.9 times of the fusing point (unit is K) of the minimum metal of fusing point in described metal sleeve and described metal wire rod.
Hydrogen, nitrogen or inert gas can be passed in described temperature control drawing process to protect.
Described specialty metal laminar composite is that the axis of each composition metal is parallel to each other and non-coincidence layered metal composite material.
The described metallic sheath tube layer on described specialty metal laminar composite surface can be retained as required.
Advantage of the present invention is, the axis utilizing bull sleeve drawing composite algorithm can realize each composition metal is parallel to each other and the short route of non-coincidence specialty metal laminar composite (layered metal composite material of sector diagram as similar in cross section), nearly end form, efficient preparation, manufacturing process technique is simple, it is convenient to implement, production efficiency is high, applied range, easily be automated and mass production, the compound interface bond strength with composite is high, diffusion layer is thin, product specification is flexible, the combination of raw materials free degree is large, the advantages such as product quality and performances are excellent, be particularly suitable for compound interface and easily generate the specialty metal laminar composite of intermetallic compound and the preparation of difficult machining of special layered metal composite material, meet the urgent need of all trades and professions to specialty metal laminar composite.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite-making process flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is specifically described; what be necessary to herein means out is that the present embodiment is only used to further illustrate the present invention; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the those of skill in the art in this field can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment according to the content of the invention described above.
embodiment 1:
Grinder buffing process is carried out on the surface of the inner surface of 1 annealed state T2 fine copper sleeve pipe (size Φ 8 × 1mm) at room temperature after effects on surface cleaning and 1 annealed state pure copper wires (diameter of phi 2.9mm), 1 drawing state fine aluminium wire rod (diameter of phi 2.9mm); At room temperature put into fine copper sleeve pipe by simultaneously parallel to pure copper wires and fine aluminium wire rod, obtain combination blank; At fine copper bushing outer surface and die entrance district coating aquadag lubricant, the drawing of room temperature single pass is carried out to combination blank, realize pre-compound, drawing deformation rate is 10%, obtain pure copper wires, between fine aluminium wire rod and and fine copper sleeve pipe between the pre-composite blank that tentatively fits tightly of local; Under argon shield, pre-composite blank being put into in-furnace temperature is that the off-line tube type resistance furnace of 300 DEG C heats and is incubated 3min, makes its temperature reach drawing temperature 300 DEG C fast, also heats simultaneously and keep its temperature to be drawing temperature 300 DEG C to mould; And then passed by the pre-composite blank after Fast Heating and heat and the mould be incubated, carry out 3 passage temperature control drawings, drawing passes deformation rate is 25% ~ 45%, prepares extraordinary copper/aluminium laminar composite that surface is fine copper casing layer; Adopt mach method, remove the fine copper casing layer of extraordinary copper/aluminium lamination shape composite material surface, obtain extraordinary copper/aluminium laminar composite.
embodiment 2:
60# sand paper grinding process is repeatedly carried out on the surface of the inner surface of 1 annealed state T2 fine copper sleeve pipe (size Φ 8 × 1mm) at room temperature after effects on surface cleaning and 1 annealed state pure copper wires (diameter of phi 2.9mm), 1 annealed state BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy wire rod (diameter of phi 2.9mm); At room temperature put into fine copper sleeve pipe by simultaneously parallel to pure copper wires and BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy wire rod, obtain combination blank; At fine copper bushing outer surface and die entrance district coating aquadag lubricant, the drawing of room temperature single pass is carried out to combination blank, realize pre-compound, drawing deformation rate is 15%, obtain pure copper wires, between BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy wire rod and and fine copper sleeve pipe between the pre-composite blank that tentatively fits tightly of local; Under argon shield, pre-composite blank being put into in-furnace temperature is that the off-line tube type resistance furnace of 600 DEG C heats and is incubated 5min, makes its temperature reach drawing temperature 600 DEG C fast, also heats simultaneously and keep its temperature to be drawing temperature 600 DEG C to mould; And then passed by the pre-composite blank after Fast Heating and heat and the mould be incubated, carry out 4 passage temperature control drawings, drawing passes deformation rate is 20% ~ 50%, prepares extraordinary copper/copper-nickel alloy laminar composite that surface is fine copper casing layer; Adopt mach method, remove the fine copper casing layer on extraordinary copper/copper-nickel alloy laminar composite surface, obtain extraordinary copper/copper-nickel alloy laminar composite.
embodiment 3:
Steel brush grinding process is carried out on the surface of the inner surface of 1 annealed state T2 fine copper sleeve pipe (size Φ 8 × 1mm) at room temperature after effects on surface cleaning and 2 annealed state pure copper wires (diameter of phi 2.4mm), 2 annealed state BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy wire rods (diameter of phi 2.4mm); At room temperature put into fine copper sleeve pipe by spaced and parallel while of pure copper wires and BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy wire rod, obtain combination blank; At fine copper bushing outer surface and die entrance district coating aquadag lubricant, the drawing of room temperature single pass is carried out to combination blank, realize pre-compound, drawing deformation rate is 10%, obtain pure copper wires, between BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy wire rod and and fine copper sleeve pipe between the pre-composite blank that tentatively fits tightly of local; Under argon shield, utilize online induction heating apparatus that pre-composite blank is quickly heated up to drawing temperature 600 DEG C in 5s, mould also heated simultaneously and keep its temperature to be drawing temperature 600 DEG C; And then passed by the pre-composite blank after Fast Heating and heat and the mould be incubated, carry out 3 passage temperature control drawings, drawing passes deformation rate is 20% ~ 30%, prepares extraordinary copper/copper-nickel alloy laminar composite that surface is fine copper casing layer; Adopt mach method, remove the fine copper casing layer on extraordinary copper/copper-nickel alloy laminar composite surface, obtain extraordinary copper/copper-nickel alloy laminar composite.
embodiment 4:
Grinder buffing process is carried out on the surface of the inner surface of 1 annealed state T2 fine copper sleeve pipe (size Φ 8 × 1mm) at room temperature after effects on surface cleaning and 1 annealed state pure copper wires (diameter of phi 2.9mm), 1 annealed state H60 brass wire (diameter of phi 2.9mm); At room temperature put into fine copper sleeve pipe by simultaneously parallel to pure copper wires and H60 brass wire, obtain combination blank; At fine copper bushing outer surface and die entrance district coating aquadag lubricant, the drawing of room temperature single pass is carried out to combination blank, realize pre-compound, drawing deformation rate is 13%, obtain pure copper wires, between H60 brass wire and and fine copper sleeve pipe between the pre-composite blank that tentatively fits tightly of local; Under argon shield, pre-composite blank being put into in-furnace temperature is that the off-line tube type resistance furnace of 800 DEG C heats and is incubated 5min, makes its temperature reach drawing temperature 800 DEG C fast, also heats simultaneously and keep its temperature to be drawing temperature 800 DEG C to mould; And then passed by the pre-composite blank after Fast Heating and heat and the mould be incubated, carry out 4 passage temperature control drawings, drawing passes deformation rate is 20% ~ 35%, prepares extraordinary copper/brass laminar composite that surface is fine copper casing layer; Adopt mach method, remove the fine copper casing layer of extraordinary copper/brass stratiform composite material surface, obtain extraordinary copper/brass laminar composite.
embodiment 5:
60# sand paper grinding process is repeatedly carried out on the surface of the inner surface of 1 annealed state T2 fine copper sleeve pipe (size Φ 8 × 1mm) at room temperature after effects on surface cleaning and 2 annealed state pure copper wires (diameter of phi 2.4mm), 2 annealed state QSn6.5-0.1 tin bronze wire rods (diameter of phi 2.4mm); At room temperature put into fine copper sleeve pipe by spaced and parallel while of pure copper wires and QSn6.5-0.1 tin bronze wire rod, obtain combination blank; At fine copper bushing outer surface and die entrance district coating aquadag lubricant, the drawing of room temperature single pass is carried out to combination blank, realize pre-compound, drawing deformation rate is 10%, obtain pure copper wires, between QSn6.5-0.1 tin bronze wire rod and and fine copper sleeve pipe between the pre-composite blank that tentatively fits tightly of local; Under argon shield, pre-composite blank being put into in-furnace temperature is that the off-line tube type resistance furnace of 700 DEG C heats and is incubated 5min, makes its temperature reach drawing temperature 700 DEG C fast, also heats simultaneously and keep its temperature to be drawing temperature 700 DEG C to mould; And then passed by the pre-composite blank after Fast Heating and heat and the mould be incubated, carry out 4 passage temperature control drawings, drawing passes deformation rate is 15% ~ 30%, prepares extraordinary copper/tin bronze laminar composite that surface is fine copper casing layer; Adopt mach method, remove the fine copper casing layer on extraordinary copper/tin bronze laminar composite surface, obtain extraordinary copper/tin bronze laminar composite.
embodiment 6:
Steel brush grinding process is carried out on the surface of the inner surface of 1 annealed state T2 fine copper sleeve pipe (size Φ 6 × 1mm) at room temperature after effects on surface cleaning and 1 annealed state BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy wire rod (diameter of phi 1.9mm), 1 annealed state QSn6.5-0.1 tin bronze wire rod (diameter of phi 1.9mm); At room temperature put into fine copper sleeve pipe by simultaneously parallel to BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy wire rod and QSn6.5-0.1 tin bronze wire rod, obtain combination blank; At fine copper bushing outer surface and die entrance district coating aquadag lubricant, the drawing of room temperature single pass is carried out to combination blank, realize pre-compound, drawing deformation rate is 15%, to obtain between BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy wire rod, QSn6.5-0.1 tin bronze wire rod and and fine copper sleeve pipe between the pre-composite blank that tentatively fits tightly of local; Under argon shield, pre-composite blank being put into in-furnace temperature is that the off-line tube type resistance furnace of 800 DEG C heats and is incubated 5min, makes its temperature reach drawing temperature 800 DEG C fast, also heats simultaneously and keep its temperature to be drawing temperature 800 DEG C to mould; And then passed by the pre-composite blank after Fast Heating and heat and the mould be incubated, carry out 5 passage temperature control drawings, drawing passes deformation rate is 15% ~ 30%, prepares extraordinary copper-nickel alloy/tin bronze laminar composite that surface is fine copper casing layer; Adopt mach method, remove the fine copper casing layer on extraordinary copper-nickel alloy/tin bronze laminar composite surface, obtain extraordinary copper-nickel alloy/tin bronze laminar composite.
embodiment 7:
Steel brush grinding process is carried out on the surface of the inner surface of 1 annealed state T2 fine copper sleeve pipe (size Φ 8 × 1mm) at room temperature after effects on surface cleaning and 1 annealed state pure copper wires (diameter of phi 2.7mm), 1 annealed state BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy wire rod (diameter of phi 2.7mm), 1 annealed state QSn6.5-0.1 tin bronze wire rod (diameter of phi 2.7mm); At room temperature put into fine copper sleeve pipe by simultaneously parallel to pure copper wires, BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy wire rod and QSn6.5-0.1 tin bronze wire rod, obtain combination blank; At fine copper bushing outer surface and die entrance district coating aquadag lubricant, the drawing of room temperature single pass is carried out to combination blank, realize pre-compound, drawing deformation rate is 12%, obtain pure copper wires, BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy wire rod, between QSn6.5-0.1 tin bronze wire rod and and fine copper sleeve pipe between the pre-composite blank that tentatively fits tightly of local; Under argon shield, pre-composite blank being put into in-furnace temperature is that the off-line tube type resistance furnace of 800 DEG C heats and is incubated 5min, makes its temperature reach drawing temperature 800 DEG C fast, also heats simultaneously and keep its temperature to be drawing temperature 800 DEG C to mould; And then passed by the pre-composite blank after Fast Heating and heat and the mould be incubated, carry out 4 passage temperature control drawings, drawing passes deformation rate is 15% ~ 30%, prepares extraordinary copper/copper-nickel alloy/tin bronze laminar composite that surface is fine copper casing layer; Adopt mach method, remove the fine copper casing layer on extraordinary copper/copper-nickel alloy/tin bronze laminar composite surface, obtain extraordinary copper/copper-nickel alloy/tin bronze laminar composite.

Claims (8)

1. a layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) surface treatment: grinding process is carried out on the inner surface of the metal sleeve at room temperature after effects on surface cleaning and the surface of metal wire rod;
(2) bull sleeve pipe compound: at room temperature put into same metal sleeve by simultaneously parallel for more than 2 or 2 metal wire rods, obtain combination blank;
(3) room temperature prestretching: carry out the drawing of room temperature single pass to combination blank, realize pre-compound, drawing deformation rate is 5% ~ 20%, to obtain between metal wire rod and and metal sleeve between the pre-composite blank that tentatively fits tightly of local;
(4) Fast Heating: under hydrogen, nitrogen or inert gas shielding, pre-composite blank is put into the off-line resistance furnace that in-furnace temperature reached drawing temperature heat and be incubated 3 ~ 5min, or adopt off-line or online current flow heats device or induction heating apparatus, in 2 ~ 10s, pre-composite blank is heated to drawing temperature, mould also heated simultaneously and keep its temperature to be drawing temperature;
(5) temperature control drawing: and then the pre-composite blank after Fast Heating is passed and heat and the mould be incubated, carry out single pass or the drawing of multi-pass temperature control, drawing passes deformation rate is 10% ~ 50%, prepares the specialty metal laminar composite of surface for metallic sheath tube layer;
(6) sleeve pipe is removed: the method adopting machined or chemical attack, removes the metallic sheath tube layer on specialty metal laminar composite surface, obtains specialty metal laminar composite.
2. a kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described metal is simple metal, alloy or metallic composite, is as cast condition, processing state or annealed state.
3. a kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that in described more than 2 or 2 metal wire rods, at least one wires material is dissimilar metal wire rod.
4. a kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that metal sleeve outer surface and the described die entrance district coating aquadag lubricant of described combination blank.
5. a kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described drawing temperature is 0.2 ~ 0.9 times of the fusing point (unit is K) of the minimum metal of fusing point in described metal sleeve and described metal wire rod.
6. a kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that passing into hydrogen, nitrogen or inert gas in described temperature control drawing process protects.
7. a kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described specialty metal laminar composite is that the axis of each composition metal is parallel to each other and non-coincidence layered metal composite material.
8. a kind of layered metal composite material bull sleeve drawing composite preparation process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described sleeve pipe removal step (6) to replace with: the described metallic sheath tube layer retaining described specialty metal laminar composite surface.
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