CN104148068A - Three-way catalyst capable of quickly igniting automobile exhaust - Google Patents
Three-way catalyst capable of quickly igniting automobile exhaust Download PDFInfo
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- CN104148068A CN104148068A CN201410385550.XA CN201410385550A CN104148068A CN 104148068 A CN104148068 A CN 104148068A CN 201410385550 A CN201410385550 A CN 201410385550A CN 104148068 A CN104148068 A CN 104148068A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a three-way catalyst capable of quickly igniting automobile exhaust. The three-way catalyst is characterized by comprising a honeycomb carrier, wherein a Pd coating is adhered to the honeycomb carrier; an Rh coating is adhered to the Pd coating; the Pd in the Pd coating is loaded on a first type of zirconia composite oxide as well as La2O3-doped gamma-Al2O3; the Rh in the Rh coating is loaded on a second type of zirconia composite oxide as well as La2O3-doped gamma-Al2O3. The three-way catalyst is suitable for being mounted at the close coupling position of an exhaust manifold pipe outlet, has extremely high low-temperature catalytic activity on HC, CO and NOx, and is particularly suitable for reducing the HC pollutant discharge in a cold boot stage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas, especially a kind of Fast light-off ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas, belongs to purifying vehicle exhaust technical field.
Background technology
The major pollutants of vehicle exhaust are carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and oxynitrides (NO
x).The catalyst that utilization is arranged on gas extraction system can become carbon dioxide (CO by carbon monoxide, oxidizing hydrocarbon
2) and water (H
2o), and simultaneously make oxynitrides be reduced to nitrogen (N
2), realize the purification of tail gas, this catalyst is commonly referred to three-way catalyst.Three-way catalyst is comprised of two parts: cellular pottery or metallic carrier, and be attached to supported catalyst coating.Catalyst coat is conventionally by having compared with the inorganic oxide material of bigger serface (as γ-Al
2o
3and CeO
2deng) and the noble metal active component (often in Pt (platinum), Pd (palladium), Rh (rhodium) one or more) that loads on oxide surface form.In NEDC test loop, during cold-starting automobile, the HC pollutant discharge amount of first 40 seconds operating modes will account for the more than 70% of whole test loop HC discharge capacity conventionally.Therefore, the transformation efficiency of raising cold start-up stage HC always is the important technological problems that three-way catalyst need to solve.The transformation efficiency of HC when improving cold-starting automobile, on the one hand, three-way catalyst can be arranged on to the position (being commonly referred to Close-coupled catalyst) near enmgine exhaust outlet, make reaction bed temperature can reach fast the initiation temperature (T50, the temperature when conversion ratio of HC reaches 50%) of HC; On the other hand, optimization of catalysts coating, the low temperature active of raising catalyst, to reduce the T50 of HC.In addition, during high engine load operation, the bed temperature of Close-coupled catalyst can reach the high temperature of 900 ℃~1100 ℃, and this just requires catalyst still can keep higher catalytic activity after standing high temperature ageing.
Current three-way catalyst all adopts two coating structures conventionally, be attached to the lower coating loading Pd on honeycomb substrate, and the upper coating being attached in lower coating supports Rh.Pd coating is generally by γ-Al
2o
3with containing CeO
2cerium zirconium sosoloid form, Rh coating is generally also by γ-Al
2o
3with containing CeO
2cerium zirconium sosoloid form.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of Fast light-off ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas is provided, there is higher HC low temperature active (i.e. lower T50) and high-temperature aging resisting performance.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention, described Fast light-off ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas, comprises honeycomb support, it is characterized in that: on described honeycomb support, adhere to Pd coating, adhere to Rh coating in Pd coating; Pd in described Pd coating loads on the first zirconia composite oxides and doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3upper, the component of the first zirconia composite oxides is: the ZrO of 60wt%~90wt%
2and the Pr of 10wt%~40wt%
6o
11, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3component be: the La of 1wt%~8wt%
2o
3and the Al of 92wt%~99wt%
2o
3; Rh in described Rh coating loads on the second zirconia composite oxides and doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3upper, the component of the second zirconia composite oxides is: the ZrO of 75wt%~95wt%
2and the La of 5wt%~25wt%
2o
3, Y
2o
3, Nd
2o
3in one or more, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3component be: the La of 1wt%~8wt%
2o
3and the Al of 92wt%~99wt%
2o
3.
Further, the first zirconia composite oxides and doping La in described Pd coating
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mass ratio be 1:3~3:1.
Further, the second zirconia composite oxides in described Rh coating and doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mass ratio be 1:3~3:1.
Further, on described honeycomb support, the coated weight of Pd coating is 50~200g/L, and the coated weight of Rh coating is 30~160g/L.
Further, in described Rh coating, the content of the Rh of load is 1~10g/ft
3.
Further, in described Pd coating, the content of the Pd of load is 20~200g/ft
3.
Advantage of the present invention is: the coating of three-way catalyst of the present invention is the two coating structures of Pd/Rh, Pd is loaded on a kind of by Pr
6o
11with ZrO
2the zirconia composite oxides that form and doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3upper, and that Rh loads on is a kind of by ZrO
2with La
2o
3, Y
2o
3, Nd
2o
3in one or more formations zirconia composite oxides and doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3upper, this coated designs makes the Pd of catalyst cupport and Rh nano particle have very high high-temperature aging resisting ability, after aging, still possesses very high low temperature HC catalytic activity, has compared to existing technology lower HC initiation temperature.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1: a kind of ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas, comprise cellular structure ceramic carrier, and specification is Ф 118.4mm * 152.4mm, and hole density is 600cpsi, and duct wall thickness is 4.3mil, and volume is 1.678L; On honeycomb support, adhere to Pd coating, the coated weight of Pd coating is 150g/L, adheres to Rh coating in Pd coating, and the coated weight of Rh coating is 100g/L; Wherein, in Pd coating, the content of Pd is 100g/ft
3, in Rh coating, the content of Rh is 5g/ft
3.
The coating procedure of described Pd coating is: by 100g the first zirconia composite oxides, the 100g La that adulterates
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mix with appropriate amount of deionized water, after ball milling, obtain coating slurries, then palladium nitrate solution (containing 4.71g precious metals pd) is joined in slurries; Finally get appropriate these coating slurries and be coated on cellular structure ceramic carrier, and 450 ℃~600 ℃ roasting temperatures 1~5 hour, obtain Pd coating; Wherein, the ZrO that the component of the first zirconia composite oxides is 75wt%
2pr with 25wt%
6o
11, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3the component La that is 4wt%
2o
3al with 96wt%
2o
3.
The coating procedure of described Rh coating is: by 100g the second zirconia composite oxides, the 100g La that adulterates
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mix with appropriate amount of deionized water, after ball milling, obtain coating slurries, then rhodium nitrate solution (containing 0.353g noble metal Rh) is joined in slurries; Finally get appropriate these coating slurries and be coated on the cellular structure ceramic carrier that has applied Pd coating, and 450 ℃~600 ℃ roasting temperatures 1~5 hour, obtain Rh coating; Wherein, the ZrO that the component of the second zirconia composite oxides is 90wt%
2, 5wt% La
2o
3y with 5wt%
2o
3, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3the component La that is 4wt%
2o
3al with 96wt%
2o
3.
Embodiment 2: a kind of ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas, comprise cellular structure ceramic carrier, and specification is Ф 118.4mm * 152.4mm, and hole density is 600cpsi, and duct wall thickness is 4.3mil, and volume is 1.678L; On honeycomb support, adhere to Pd coating, the coated weight of Pd coating is 150g/L, adheres to Rh coating in Pd coating, and the coated weight of Rh coating is 100g/L; Wherein, in Pd coating, the content of Pd is 100g/ft
3, in Rh coating, the content of Rh is 5g/ft
3.
The coating procedure of described Pd coating is: by 100g the first zirconia composite oxides, the 100g La that adulterates
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mix with appropriate amount of deionized water, after ball milling, obtain coating slurries, then palladium nitrate solution (containing 4.71g precious metals pd) is joined in slurries; Finally get appropriate these coating slurries and be coated on cellular structure ceramic carrier, and 450 ℃~600 ℃ roasting temperatures 1~5 hour, obtain Pd coating; Wherein, the ZrO that the component of the first zirconia composite oxides is 90wt%
2pr with 10wt%
6o
11, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3the component La that is 4wt%
2o
3al with 96wt%
2o
3.
The coating procedure of described Rh coating is: by 100g the second zirconia composite oxides, the 100g La that adulterates
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mix with appropriate amount of deionized water, after ball milling, obtain coating slurries, then rhodium nitrate solution (containing 0.353g noble metal Rh) is joined in slurries; Finally get appropriate these coating slurries and be coated on the cellular structure ceramic carrier that has applied Pd coating, and 450 ℃~600 ℃ roasting temperatures 1~5 hour, obtain Rh coating; Wherein, the ZrO that the component of the second zirconia composite oxides is 85wt%
2, 5wt% La
2o
3, 5wt% Y
2o
3nd with 5wt%
2o
3, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3the component La that is 4wt%
2o
3al with 96wt%
2o
3.
Embodiment 3: a kind of ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas, comprise cellular structure ceramic carrier, and specification is Ф 118.4mm * 152.4mm, and hole density is 600cpsi, and duct wall thickness is 4.3mil, and volume is 1.678L; On honeycomb support, adhere to Pd coating, the coated weight of Pd coating is 150g/L, adheres to Rh coating in Pd coating, and the coated weight of Rh coating is 100g/L; Wherein, in Pd coating, the content of Pd is 100g/ft
3, in Rh coating, the content of Rh is 5g/ft
3.
The coating procedure of described Pd coating is: by 100g the first zirconia composite oxides, the 100g La that adulterates
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mix with appropriate amount of deionized water, after ball milling, obtain coating slurries, then palladium nitrate solution (containing 4.71g precious metals pd) is joined in slurries; Finally get appropriate these coating slurries and be coated on cellular structure ceramic carrier, and 450 ℃~600 ℃ roasting temperatures 1~5 hour, obtain Pd coating; Wherein, the ZrO that the component of the first zirconia composite oxides is 60wt%
2pr with 40wt%
6o
11, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3the component La that is 4wt%
2o
3al with 96wt%
2o
3.
The coating procedure of described Rh coating is: by 100g the second zirconia composite oxides, the 100g La that adulterates
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mix with appropriate amount of deionized water, after ball milling, obtain coating slurries, then rhodium nitrate solution (containing 0.353g noble metal Rh) is joined in slurries; Finally get appropriate these coating slurries and be coated on the cellular structure ceramic carrier that has applied Pd coating, and 450 ℃~600 ℃ roasting temperatures 1~5 hour, obtain Rh coating; Wherein, the ZrO that the component of the second zirconia composite oxides is 95wt%
2la with 5wt%
2o
3, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3the component La that is 4wt%
2o
3al with 96wt%
2o
3.
Embodiment 4: a kind of ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas, comprise cellular structure ceramic carrier, and specification is Ф 118.4mm * 152.4mm, and hole density is 600cpsi, and duct wall thickness is 4.3mil, and volume is 1.678L; On honeycomb support, adhere to Pd coating, the coated weight of Pd coating is 150g/L, adheres to Rh coating in Pd coating, and the coated weight of Rh coating is 100g/L; Wherein, in Pd coating, the content of Pd is 100g/ft
3, in Rh coating, the content of Rh is 5g/ft
3.
The coating procedure of described Pd coating is: by 60g the first zirconia composite oxides, the 140g La that adulterates
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mix with appropriate amount of deionized water, after ball milling, obtain coating slurries, then palladium nitrate solution (containing 4.71g precious metals pd) is joined in slurries; Finally get appropriate these coating slurries and be coated on cellular structure ceramic carrier, and 450 ℃~600 ℃ roasting temperatures 1~5 hour, obtain Pd coating; Wherein, the ZrO that the component of the first zirconia composite oxides is 60wt%
2pr with 40wt%
6o
11, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3the component La that is 4wt%
2o
3al with 96wt%
2o
3.
The coating procedure of described Rh coating is: by 60g the second zirconia composite oxides, the 140g La that adulterates
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mix with appropriate amount of deionized water, after ball milling, obtain coating slurries, then rhodium nitrate solution (containing 0.353g noble metal Rh) is joined in slurries; Finally get appropriate these coating slurries and be coated on the cellular structure ceramic carrier that has applied Pd coating, and 450 ℃~600 ℃ roasting temperatures 1~5 hour, obtain Rh coating; Wherein, the ZrO that the component of the second zirconia composite oxides is 95wt%
2la with 5wt%
2o
3, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3the component La that is 4wt%
2o
3al with 96wt%
2o
3.
Comparative example 1: a kind of ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas, comprise cellular structure ceramic carrier, specification is Ф 118.4mm * 152.4mm, and hole density is 600cpsi, and duct wall thickness is 4.3mil, and volume is 1.678L; On honeycomb support, adhere to Pd coating, the coated weight of Pd coating is 150g/L, adheres to Rh coating in Pd coating, and the coated weight of Rh coating is 100g/L; Wherein, in Pd coating, the content of Pd is 100g/ft
3, in Rh coating, the content of Rh is 5g/ft
3.
The coating procedure of described Pd coating is: by 100g cerium zirconium sosoloid, the 100g La that adulterates
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mix with appropriate amount of deionized water, after ball milling, obtain coating slurries, then palladium nitrate solution (containing 4.71g precious metals pd) is joined in slurries; Finally get appropriate these coating slurries and be coated on cellular structure ceramic carrier, and 450 ℃~600 ℃ roasting temperatures 1~5 hour, obtain Pd coating; Wherein, the CeO that the component of cerium zirconium sosoloid is 30wt%
2, 60wt% ZrO
2, 5wt% La
2o
3pr with 5wt%
6o
11, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3the component La that is 4wt%
2o
3al with 96wt%
2o
3.
The coating procedure of described Rh coating is: by 100g cerium zirconium sosoloid, the 100g La that adulterates
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mix with appropriate amount of deionized water, after ball milling, obtain coating slurries, then rhodium nitrate solution (containing 0.353g noble metal Rh) is joined in slurries; Finally get appropriate these coating slurries and be coated on the cellular structure ceramic carrier that has applied Pd coating, and 450 ℃~600 ℃ roasting temperatures 1~5 hour, obtain Rh coating; Wherein, the CeO that the component of cerium zirconium sosoloid is 30wt%
2, 60wt% ZrO
2, 5wt% La
2o
3pr with 5wt%
6o
11, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3the component La that is 4wt%
2o
3al with 96wt%
2o
3.
Comparative example 2: a kind of ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas, comprise cellular structure ceramic carrier, specification is Ф 118.4mm * 152.4mm, and hole density is 600cpsi, and duct wall thickness is 4.3mil, and volume is 1.678L; On honeycomb support, adhere to Pd coating, the coated weight of Pd coating is 150g/L, adheres to Rh coating in Pd coating, and the coated weight of Rh coating is 100g/L; Wherein, in Pd coating, the content of Pd is 100g/ft
3, in Rh coating, the content of Rh is 5g/ft
3.
The coating procedure of described Pd coating is: by 100g the second zirconia composite oxides, the 100g La that adulterates
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mix with appropriate amount of deionized water, after ball milling, obtain coating slurries, then palladium nitrate solution (containing 4.71g precious metal palladium Pd) is joined in slurries; Finally get appropriate these coating slurries and be coated on cellular structure ceramic carrier, and 450 ℃~600 ℃ roasting temperatures 1~5 hour, obtain Pd coating; Wherein, the ZrO that the component of the second zirconia composite oxides is 90wt%
2, 5wt% La
2o
3y with 5wt%
2o
3, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3the component La that is 4wt%
2o
3al with 96wt%
2o
3.
The coating procedure of described Rh coating is: by 100g the first zirconia composite oxides, the 100g La that adulterates
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mix with appropriate amount of deionized water, after ball milling, obtain coating slurries, then rhodium nitrate solution (containing 0.353g noble metal Rh) is joined in slurries; Finally get appropriate these coating slurries and be coated on the cellular structure ceramic carrier that has applied Pd coating, and 450 ℃~600 ℃ roasting temperatures 1~5 hour, obtain Rh coating; Wherein, the ZrO that the component of the first zirconia composite oxides is 75wt%
2pr with 25wt%
6o
11, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3the component La that is 4wt%
2o
3al with 96wt%
2o
3.
By embodiment 1~embodiment 4, the resulting catalyst sample of comparative example 1~comparative example 2 all in the high temperature Muffle furnace of 1000 ℃ with condition aging 20 hours, after the catalyst encapsulation after aging, on the engine pedestal of 2.0L, test HC, CO and NO
xinitiation temperature T50.Test result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
As shown in table 1, the result of catalyst performance evaluation shows, compares with comparative example 1,2, and the disclosed three-way catalyst of the embodiment of the present invention 1~4 has very high HC, CO and NO
xlow-temperature catalytic activity, is particularly suitable for being arranged on the close coupling position that exhaust manifold exports, and is conducive to reduce the HC pollutant emission in cold-starting automobile stage.
The test of engine pedestal initiation temperature is also a kind of characterizing method of catalyst activity, and initiation temperature is lower, represents that low temperature active is better.So the data that table 1 provides are the low temperature actives (comprising HC) after aging, this coated designs of surface makes the Pd of catalyst cupport and Rh nano particle have very high high-temperature aging resisting ability, after aging, still possess very high low temperature HC catalytic activity, have compared to existing technology lower HC initiation temperature.
Claims (6)
1. a Fast light-off ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas, comprises honeycomb support, it is characterized in that: on described honeycomb support, adhere to Pd coating, adhere to Rh coating in Pd coating; Pd in described Pd coating loads on the first zirconia composite oxides and doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3upper, the component of the first zirconia composite oxides is: the ZrO of 60wt% ~ 90wt%
2and the Pr of 10wt% ~ 40wt%
6o
11, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3component be: the La of 1wt% ~ 8wt%
2o
3and the Al of 92wt% ~ 99wt%
2o
3; Rh in described Rh coating loads on the second zirconia composite oxides and doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3upper, the component of the second zirconia composite oxides is: the ZrO of 75wt% ~ 95wt%
2and the La of 5wt% ~ 25wt%
2o
3, Y
2o
3, Nd
2o
3in one or more, doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3component be: the La of 1wt% ~ 8wt%
2o
3and the Al of 92wt% ~ 99wt%
2o
3.
2. Fast light-off ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the first zirconia composite oxides and doping La in described Pd coating
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mass ratio be 1:3 ~ 3:1.
3. Fast light-off ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the second zirconia composite oxides in described Rh coating and doping La
2o
3γ-Al
2o
3mass ratio be 1:3 ~ 3:1.
4. Fast light-off ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: on described honeycomb support, the coated weight of Pd coating is 50 ~ 200g/L, and the coated weight of Rh coating is 30 ~ 160g/L.
5. Fast light-off ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described Rh coating, the content of the Rh of load is 1 ~ 10g/ft
3.
6. Fast light-off ternary catalyst for automobile tail gas as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described Pd coating, the content of the Pd of load is 20 ~ 200g/ft
3.
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CN106285843A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 芜湖恒耀汽车零部件有限公司 | Automobile exhaust purifier |
CN106362740A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 芜湖恒耀汽车零部件有限公司 | Catalyst for automobile exhaust purifier |
CN106391429A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 芜湖恒耀汽车零部件有限公司 | Coating processing method of catalyst for automobile tail gas purifier |
CN108126698A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-06-08 | 无锡威孚环保催化剂有限公司 | A kind of selective cleaning three-way catalyst and preparation method thereof |
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