Background technology
Traffic congestion is own through becoming universal phenomenon in many cities.Along with society and expanding economy, original road, traffic sign, graticule etc., cannot meet the demand of Modern Traffic, and present traffic sign, graticule, facility etc. have not met the needs of Modern Traffic.Cause the reason of this phenomenon varied, occupy-street-exploit, road occupation for parking, unlicensed driving, drive when intoxicated, traffic signal violation, not in accordance with regulations lanes, the violation phenomenon of the traffic violation such as queuing is not a lot of yet successively, traffic expert thinks that this is also the major reason that causes traffic congestion.The critical point of a urban transportation paralysis is autos only speed per hour kilometer, and for example the current autos only speed per hour in Kunming is 10 kilometers, and the traffic of Kunming has been close to paralysis.Therefore study traffic lights and how rationally to control the traffic particular importance that seems.
The traffic lights great majority that use are at present the traffic lights of timing, mould-fixed, can not carry out alternately, can only moving the normal operation that such feature has also hindered traffic widely with the distribution time of fixing, and have reduced the percent of pass of vehicle flowrate.
In China, the problem one of following four aspects of urban transportation ubiquity is that urban size is expanded present up to a hundred square kilometres even thousands of square kilometres to by tens square kilometres before reform and opening-up.Along with the progressively enforcement of new town construction, planning, urban size also will continue to expand, simultaneously a large amount of workers city of still crowding into continuously.The 2nd, city scope has expanded, and traffic police's police strength is not synchronous increase but, and definite police strength of past is worked out the needs that oneself can not adapt to new situations development.The 3rd, provincial vehicle supervision department transfers some highways to city-level management, and range of management is further increased.Road length constantly increases, and is accompanied by means of transportation and does not catch up with.The 4th, vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity continues to increase, and the increase of being engaged in all kinds of economic activity numbers directly causes the increase of logistics and wagon flow.Restriction vehicle driving, is not the basic way that transport solution blocks up, and only finds the basic reason of traffic congestion, correctly processes, and transport solution blocks up veritably.Bottleneck, intersection, can not take their own roads, be the basic reason of traffic congestion.Traffic congestion has become one of problem that citizen's reaction is the strongest, suggestion is maximum at present.Traditional way is general uses two kinds of methods to solve traffic jam issue.The firstth, widen existing public transport road, build high-quality high-grade highway, in city, build new highway, second is exactly to make full use of our existing traffic resource, by modern high tech method, embedded system, nerve network system etc., makes it on the basis of certain road, give play to higher running efficiency.
The traffic lights great majority that use are at present the traffic lights of timing, mould-fixed, can not carry out alternately, can only moving the normal operation that such feature has also hindered traffic widely with the distribution time of fixing, and have reduced the percent of pass of vehicle flowrate.
And the at present development of intellectual technology is very fast, be applied to many fields, as automatic control, fuzzy control, neural network, neuro-computer,, genetic algorithm etc.Therefore intelligent control technology is incorporated into field of traffic, it is very necessary studying a kind of efficient intelligent traffic control system.But so must form a huge system, use intelligent system to traffic carry out comprehensively controlling be ideal state according to the actual conditions of our country in a lot, small city is cannot pay such spending and safeguard the funds that need.
Advanced traffic light control system is analyzed at present, draw its huge capital investment can not be applicable to we in, although the traffic system of small city and the fuzzy algorithm of current trend control Single Intersection and solved a lot of accidental problems, but its reliability is not high, each traffic lights must be installed ultrasonic listening etc., makes to have increased in actual applications cost and maintenance workload.Traffic own just can not increase police strength to the normal operation of its system be safeguarded, seeks so the common recognition that a kind of low price, stable, the simple system of upgrading have just become everybody.
The traffic lights great majority that use are at present the traffic lights of timing, mould-fixed, can not carry out alternately, can only moving the normal operation that such feature has also hindered traffic widely with the distribution time of fixing, and have reduced the percent of pass of vehicle flowrate.Intelligent control technology price is high, and maintenance funds are high.The present invention is single-chip computer control system, and cost is low, the feature of easy construction, easy care provides space, large market, and single-chip computer control system is also more suitable in one, the demand of small city.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of humiture induction timing traffic lights, solved the problem that the existing traffic lights traffic light signal time can not change with weather and climate.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to comprise processor of single chip computer, and processor of single chip computer respectively circuit connects clock chip, Temperature Humidity Sensor traffic lights module, liquid crystal time display screen and key-press module.
Further, described processor of single chip computer chip model is AT89C51; Described clock chip model is DS1302; Described Temperature Humidity Sensor chip model is SHT11; Described liquid crystal time display screen chip model is LM016L; Described key-press module adopts 4 AND circuit chip AND_4.
Further, in described AT89C51 chip: one end of XTAL1 pin and crystal oscillator X1, one end of capacitor C 1 links together, the other end of XTAL2 pin and crystal oscillator X1, one end of capacitor C 2 links together, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 1 and capacitor C 2, one end of RST pin and resistance R 1, one end of capacitor C 3 links together, the other end ground connection of resistance R 1, the other end of capacitor C 3 connects outside VCC power supply, EA pin connects outside VCC power supply, P1.0 pin connects the I/O pin of DS1302, P1.1 pin connects the SCLK pin of described DS1302, P1.2 pin connects the RST pin of DS1302, P1.5 pin connects the RS pin of described LM016L, P1.6 pin connects the RW pin of LM016L, P1.7 pin connects the E pin of LM016L, P0.0 pin connects the pin two of RP1, P0.1 pin connects the pin 3 of RP1, P0.2 pin connects the pin 4 of RP1, P0.3 pin connects the pin 5 of RP1, P0.4 pin connects the pin 6 of RP1, P0.5 pin connects the pin 7 of RP1, the pin one of RP1 to pin 7 is connected with traffic lights respectively, P2.0 pin connects the D0 pin of LM016L, P2.1 pin connects the D1 pin of LM016L, P2.2 pin connects the D2 pin of LM016L, P2.3 pin connects the D3 pin of LM016L, P2.4 pin connects the D4 pin of LM016L, P2.5 pin connects the D5 pin of LM016L, P2.6 pin connects the D6 pin of LM016L, P2.7 pin connects the D7 pin of LM016L, P3.0 pin connects the SCK pin of described SHT11, P3.1 pin connects the DATA pin of SHT11, P3.2 pin connects the input pin of described AND_4, P3.4 pin, P3.5 pin, P3.6 pin, P3.7 pin connects respectively four output pins of AND_4, four output pins of AND_4 are also distinguished connecting valve K1, K switch 2, one end of K switch 3 and K switch 4, K switch 1, K switch 2, the other end ground connection of K switch 3 and K switch 4, the VCC2 pin of DS1302 connects outside VCC power supply, the VCC1 pin ground connection of DS1302, the X1 pin of DS1302 connects one end of crystal oscillator X2, the other end of crystal oscillator X2 connects the X2 pin of DS1302.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows and utilize Temperature Humidity Sensor, detect and judge current season and weather, adjust the traffic lights time and distribute.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
Take the magnitude of traffic flow as example, and due to weather difference and time period difference, the actual traffic flow of same intersection is different.This traffic light systems, by Single-chip Controlling, by language programming, detects current temperature and humidity by Temperature Humidity Sensor, carries out the timing of time simultaneously.While raining, humidity detected larger, can carry out according to humidity value the adjustment of traffic-control device time.Meanwhile, according to the time period, summer in winter, day and night time span was different, can Lookup protocol daytime and evening traffic lights different time.System comprises single-chip microcomputer and minimum system, Temperature Humidity Sensor, clock chip and traffic lights Led display section.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes processor of single chip computer 1, processor of single chip computer 1 respectively circuit connects clock chip 2, Temperature Humidity Sensor 3 traffic lights modules 4, liquid crystal time display screen 5 and key-press module 6.
Be illustrated in figure 2 single-chip minimum system circuit theory diagrams, comprise that described processor of single chip computer 1 chip model is AT89C51; Described clock chip 2 models are DS1302; Described Temperature Humidity Sensor 3 chip models are SHT11; Be illustrated in figure 3 traffic lights module 4 circuit theory diagrams; Be illustrated in figure 4 liquid crystal time display screen 5 circuit theory diagrams, described liquid crystal time display screen 5 chip models are LM016L, and described key-press module 6 adopts 4 AND circuit chip AND_4.
In AT89C51 chip: one end of XTAL1 pin and crystal oscillator X1, one end of capacitor C 1 links together, the other end of XTAL2 pin and crystal oscillator X1, one end of capacitor C 2 links together, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 1 and capacitor C 2, one end of RST pin and resistance R 1, one end of capacitor C 3 links together, the other end ground connection of resistance R 1, the other end of capacitor C 3 connects outside VCC power supply, EA pin connects outside VCC power supply, P1.0 pin connects the I/O pin of DS1302, P1.1 pin connects the SCLK pin of DS1302, P1.2 pin connects the RST pin of DS1302, P1.5 pin connects the RS pin of LM016L, P1.6 pin connects the RW pin of LM016L, P1.7 pin connects the E pin of LM016L, P0.0 pin connects the pin two of RP1, P0.1 pin connects the pin 3 of RP1, P0.2 pin connects the pin 4 of RP1, P0.3 pin connects the pin 5 of RP1, P0.4 pin connects the pin 6 of RP1, P0.5 pin connects the pin 7 of RP1, the pin one of RP1 to pin 7 is connected with traffic lights respectively, P2.0 pin connects the D0 pin of LM016L, P2.1 pin connects the D1 pin of LM016L, P2.2 pin connects the D2 pin of LM016L, P2.3 pin connects the D3 pin of LM016L, P2.4 pin connects the D4 pin of LM016L, P2.5 pin connects the D5 pin of LM016L, P2.6 pin connects the D6 pin of LM016L, P2.7 pin connects the D7 pin of LM016L, P3.0 pin connects the SCK pin of SHT11, P3.1 pin connects the DATA pin of SHT11, P3.2 pin connects the input pin of AND_4, P3.4 pin, P3.5 pin, P3.6 pin, P3.7 pin connects respectively four output pins of AND_4, four output pins of AND_4 are also distinguished connecting valve K1, K switch 2, one end of K switch 3 and K switch 4, K switch 1, K switch 2, the other end ground connection of K switch 3 and K switch 4, the VCC2 pin of DS1302 connects outside VCC power supply, the VCC1 pin ground connection of DS1302, the X1 pin of DS1302 connects one end of crystal oscillator X2, the other end of crystal oscillator X2 connects the X2 pin of DS1302.
DS1302 is clock chip 2, for single chip computer AT 89C51 provides clock foundation.K1, K2, K3, K4 set button the time, and LDC1 is liquid crystal time display screen 5, for adjustment, during the time, observes.AT89C51 is 51 series monolithics, is 8-bit microprocessor.SHT11 is Temperature Humidity Sensor 3, can detect Current Temperatures, and humidity, for single-chip microcomputer provides current environment parameter, for judging sleet or summer in winter.Rp1 is the pull-up resistor module that traffic lights connects.By single-chip microcomputer P0 mouth, control.For the ease of Quick Measuring trial run effect, the present invention can adjust short pilot lamp switching time, repeatedly presses K1, selects the object (time-division date) regulating.K1 is for selecting, and K2 is for adding, and K3 is for subtracting, and K4 is for determining.Capacitor C 1 is 22pF, and capacitor C 2 is 22pF, and capacitor C 3 is 10uF, and crystal oscillator X1 is 12MHz, and crystal oscillator X2 is 32768Hz, and resistance R 1 is 10k.
AT89C51 is as processor of single chip computer 1, and material object also can be selected the family chips such as STC89C51, STC89C52.DS1302 is clock chip 2, for system provides current time.Traffic lights is controlled by the P0 mouth of single-chip microcomputer.SHT11 provides Current Temperatures and humidity value for system for Temperature Humidity Sensor 3, and by single-chip microcomputer P3.0, P3.1 mouth connects.
The humiture value that AT89C51 detects by reading SHT11, judgement current weather, when humidity is excessive, can be judged to be rainy, thereby by adjusting traffic lights interval times, extend.Meanwhile, AT89C51 is by arranging and read the DS1302 time, and judging current is daytime or night, thereby adjusts traffic lights traffic lights interval times.
The present invention can solve: (1) different time sections, as peak period on and off duty (7:00-9:00,10:00-12:00,16:00-18:00), daytime, night traffic flow was different.(2) Changes in weather, while there is sleety weather, the magnitude of traffic flow changes.This situation, the present invention can be by sensor and clock apparatus according to historical traffic flows statistics, timing allocation under corresponding state is set more in detail, when rush-hour and sleety weather, automatically adjusts traffic time and distribute, thus transport solution control problem better.
The present invention adopts multi-period control program to adopt the timing model of science, by actual data, has been verified plurality of operating modes built-in, when starting system, just can select the pattern of required operation on the spot.This requires the police of startup system very familiar to administered crossing, can certainly remodify afterwards.System is normal use after, only need often again proofread the time that time can produce because of our DS1302 clock chip 2, after long time running, there will be a point tolerance.
Traffic light control system is according to time operation, so time parameter is even more important.The time that just writes current system by program when program brings into operation has charge function according to clock chip, and it can be incessantly to system power supply, if system time does not have error so, and setup times no longer.Generally we need " amber light flicker " function 23:30 to morning 5:30 move, old normal condition " function is at 5:30 to 23:30 in this time period; if there is no performed pattern in other mode operation situations, " peak period on and off duty " function be 7:00 to 8 " 30,11:30 to 12:30,14:00 to 15:30, these four periods operations of 17:30 to 18:30.Detect the weather such as sleet, enter sleet or traffic time configuration in season, when generation humidity is greater than 90%, be judged to be rainy weather or summer in winter, the traffic distribution time is readjusted.
Particular flow sheet as shown in Figure 5, in, in small city, can control traffic light systems by multi-period mode, the problems referred to above have not only been solved, also make the validity of traffic control system significantly be promoted, make traffic system dirigibility good, with low cost, use the advantage such as simple obvious, can effectively solve peak period on and off duty vehicle congestion and the longer fleet of row, can effectively solve and control lamp and have long invalid signals problem having crossed after rush-hour traffic signals, can improve significantly the current rate of vehicle, more can be so that traffic disturbance phenomenon improves.
The function that the present invention has has:
1. amber light flashing function: in, small city vehicle flowrate at night seldom, generally needn't wait as long for.If not the location in night market prosperity, after 23:30, vehicle is all seldom so, so just can utilize the yellow function of dodging can improve the current rate of crossroad on the one hand, vehicle needn't wait as long for and cannot pass through green signal on the other hand, finally can also play warning passerby, driver note observing road conditions careful and slow down by '.Certainly such traffic control mode will be noted using the crossing in night market prosperity, otherwise can run counter to desire.
2. peak period on and off duty function: just as the result obtaining after examination investigation on the spot above, conventionally in, peak period on and off duty of small city also just student go to school the peak period that classes are over, the pressure of at this moment traffic can be special large.Road in main traffic aisle and contiguous school, manufacturing district etc., has major vehicular movement and the stream of people, if traffic control signal now still by usual state operation, can cause a large amount of vehicles to be detained, causes traffic disturbance and traffic congestion.In these periods, use such function can reduce time and the number of times of parking waiting, effectively reduce the queue length of vehicle, thereby significantly reduce the possibility of traffic congestion.Its way is that the current cycle is lengthened, and the vehicular traffic in unit interval section is increased.
3. normal condition operation function day:, daytime is except rush-hour and in particular cases open the time period full red light phase for normal condition in the daytime.In in these time periods, small city wagon flow and flow of the people relatively stable and average, if vehicle flowrate does not have incident to occur, there will not be the crowded situation of vehicle.The vehicle flowrate of thing, North and South direction is divided into main road in this kind of pattern requirement and branch road traffic lights can be not average because of the vehicle flowrate of generalized case both direction, often can see that the vehicle flowrate in certain direction is obviously little.
4. sleety weather function: when there is sleety weather; the magnitude of traffic flow can, because changing appears in weather reason, at this moment can judge current humidity value according to Temperature Humidity Sensor, after being judged to be sleety weather conventionally; enter sleety weather pattern, the traffic distribution time is adjusted and extended.
In sum, advantage of the present invention has pair different time sections, and the magnitude of traffic flow is different, takes the functional mode operations such as peak on and off duty, amber light flicker; Utilize Temperature Humidity Sensor, detect and judge current season and weather, adjust the traffic lights time and distribute.System configuration is simple, with low cost, easy to maintenance.
The above is only to better embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, any simple modification that every foundation technical spirit of the present invention is done above embodiment, equivalent variations and modification, all belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.