CN104142275B - The method utilizing on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength - Google Patents
The method utilizing on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method utilizing on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength, step is as follows: step one, smooth test site, by the sample of sample box cutting comparable size；Step 2, put and anchor load-bearing frame seat；Step 3, lateral dynamometry jack and lateral displacement dial gauge are set, record lateral displacement dial gauge initial value；Lateral dynamometry jack is connected with side hydraulic pump by lateral pressure table, by lateral pressure list index back to zero；Step 4, classification, apply lateral load continuously, record lateral displacement, lateral pressure value, and observe sample box surrounding soil deformation；After step 5, the direct shear test completed under multiple different pressures, draw shear stress lateral displacement graph of relation, determine shear stress.The present invention have easy to operate, viscosity soil shear strength data can be obtained authentic and validly, adapt to the feature in various place, can be widely applied to cohesive soil detection technique field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cohesive soil detection technique field, particularly relate to a kind of utilization on-the-spot large-scale
The method of direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength.
Background technology
In engineering geological investigation and engineering construction thereof, in order to obtain viscosity soil classifiction
Value, needs to use instrument to test it.
Owing to the sampling of current laboratory test has limitation, affected by artificial and weather
Many factors, sample mostly is soil block, and volume is less than normal, it is easy to disturbance, and existing large-scale directly
Vertical preloading not only occupied ground used by shear test device is big, and easily accidents happened, therefore,
Can not comprehensively reflect the actual strength of the viscosity soil body.Meanwhile, existing large-scale direct shear test dress
Put can only the ground sample of detection level and the sample on domatic cannot be detected, be suitable for
Occasion is limited.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned background technology, it is provided that a kind of utilization
The method of on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength, have easy to operate,
Viscosity soil shear strength data can be obtained authentic and validly, adapt to the feature in various place.
The one that the present invention provides utilizes on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device to detect cohesive soil shearing resistance
The method of intensity, described method step is as follows: step one, choose and smooth test site, presses
The sample of one comparable size of sample box cutting, sample side is parallel with shear stress direction or vertical
Directly；Step 2, outside sample box, put load-bearing frame seat, anchor load-bearing frame by earth anchor
Seat；Step 3, between load-bearing frame seat and sample box, lateral dynamometry thousand is set along shear direction
Jin top and lateral displacement dial gauge, and make load-bearing frame seat medial wall and sample box lateral wall respectively
Lean with lateral dynamometry jack two ends, and record lateral displacement dial gauge initial value；By side
It is connected with side hydraulic pump, by lateral pressure list index by lateral pressure table to dynamometry jack
Back to zero；Step 4, by the sample classification in sample box of the lateral dynamometry jack, execute continuously
Add lateral load, record lateral displacement, lateral pressure value the most after a while, and observe sample
Box surrounding soil deformation, if lateral displacement sharp increase or lateral displacement amount reach specimen size
When 1/10, test can be terminated；After step 5, the direct shear test completed under multiple different pressures,
Draw shear stress lateral displacement graph of relation, determine shear stress.
In technique scheme, in described step 2, before earth anchor anchoring load-bearing frame seat,
Transversal force beam is fixed to load-bearing frame seat end face, and earth anchor has anchored after load-bearing frame seat at earth anchor
Top preformed hole is worn peg and compresses load-bearing frame seat；In described step 3, at load-bearing frame
Before arranging lateral dynamometry jack and lateral displacement dial gauge between seat and sample box, at sample
Sample end face in box places lower flat board, places multiple roller bearings along shear direction on lower flat board,
Each roller bearing vertical shear direction is arranged, and described roller bearing top covers with upper flat plate again；Upper flat
Placing vertical dynamometry jack on plate, described vertical dynamometry jack leans with transversal force beam, institute
State upper flat plate end face and the vertical deviation dial gauge anchored by fixed support is installed, and record vertical
Displacement dial gauge initial value；By lateral dynamometry jack by lateral pressure table and side hydraulic pump
Before Xiang Lianing, vertical dynamometry jack is connected with vertical hydraulic pump by lateral pressure table, with
Time by lateral pressure list index back to zero；In described step 4, lateral dynamometry jack is to sample box
Before interior sample applies lateral load, at the uniform velocity applied to upper flat plate by vertical dynamometry jack
Vertical load, to predetermined value, records vertical displacement the most after a while, the most stable to upper flat plate；
In described step 5, after drawing shear stress lateral displacement graph of relation, then answer to shear
Power be vertical coordinate, vertical stress be that abscissa draws shear stress vertical direct stress graph of a relation,
And according to data matching in figure and determine soil shear strength.
In technique scheme, in described step 3, place vertical dynamometry in upper flat plate center
Jack, lateral dynamometry jack occupy in the middle of sample box lateral wall.
In technique scheme, equidistantly it is arranged side by side between described roller bearing.
In technique scheme, described roller bearing is 5.
In technique scheme, described load-bearing frame seat end face passes through bolt and transversal force beam phase
Even.
In technique scheme, in described step 4, vertical dynamometry jack is even to upper flat plate
When speed applies vertical load, often crossing 20min and record upper flat plate vertical displacement, upper flat plate is the most steady
Surely refer to that upper flat plate vertical displacement value is less than 0.01mm/h；By lateral dynamometry thousand in 20min
Jin pushes up the sample classification in sample box, applies lateral load continuously, and every grade of lateral load is for estimating
Calculate the 8%～10% of peak load, often cross 1min record sample box lateral displacement and laterally press
The lateral pressure value of power table,
In technique scheme, in described step 5, complete under four different pressures altogether is straight
Scissor test.
In technique scheme, described earth anchor, load-bearing frame seat, transversal force beam, sample box,
Lower flat board, upper flat plate, roller bearing and fixed support are steel.
In technique scheme, described sample box length, width and height be respectively 40cm × 40cm ×
15cm。
The present invention utilizes the method for on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength,
Have the advantages that owing to the existing large-scale vertical loading of direct shear test device uses preloading
Method, so can only the ground sample of detection level and the sample on domatic cannot be carried out
Detection, and occupied ground is big, accident-proneness, and the vertical loading of the present invention uses vertical dynamometry
Vertical loading simulated by jack, and can apply with classification, and not only stability is more preferable, to place
Require low, area occupied is little, safety also greatly improves, what is more important adapt to various fields
Ground needs, except level ground, to the gradient within 15 ° domatic on sample also can examine
Survey, grow direction also in particular with channel cutting depth or fissure-plane of such as growing up along structural plane
Large Shear test can be carried out, solve existing vertical preloading and cannot stably apply lotus on domatic
The engineering problem carried, and the solution of this problem also makes lateral load force application stabilization, reinforcing is more
Coherent, evenly.And by arranging 5～6 roller bearings between lower flat board and upper flat plate, not only
The stress of the sample soil body is made evenly when vertical loading, and along side when reducing lateral loading
To the frictional force produced, improve accuracy of detection during shearing strength lateral to sample detection, and
Only arranging 5～6 roller bearings is the data obtained by substantial amounts of test, if very little cannot be by
Vertical load is uniformly distributed on the sample soil body, and can increase upper and lower flat board and rolling too much
Frictional force between axle, inadequately raising frictional force ratio in stress system, thus shadow
Ring to accuracy of detection.And the present invention can also be adjusted according to the requirement of specimen size, as held
The size of power framing holder and the degree of depth of earth anchor anchoring, be more beneficial for the loading ability of whole device,
The shear strength of cohesive soil can be tested more realistically.Meanwhile, with existing large-scale direct shear test side
Method is compared, and sample preparation of the present invention is quick, simple to operation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The scene large-scale direct shear test device plan structure schematic diagram that Fig. 1 is utilized by the present invention；
The A-A sectional structure of the scene large-scale direct shear test device that Fig. 2 is utilized by the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that the present invention utilizes on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device to detect clay soil shear strength
Method test after shear stress lateral displacement graph of relation；
Fig. 4 is that the present invention utilizes on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device to detect clay soil shear strength
Method test after shear stress vertical direct stress matching schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is that the present invention utilizes on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device to detect clay soil shear strength
The schematic flow sheet of method.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, but this enforcement
Example should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Seeing Fig. 1 to Fig. 2, the present invention utilizes on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device to detect cohesive soil
The method of shearing strength, relate to earth anchor 1, load-bearing frame seat 2, transversal force beam 3, bolt 4,
Peg 5, sample box 6, lower flat board 7a, upper flat plate 7b, roller bearing 8, vertical hydraulic pump 9,
Lateral pressure table 10, vertical dynamometry jack 11, vertical deviation dial gauge 12, side hydraulic
Pump 13, lateral pressure table 14, lateral dynamometry jack 15, lateral displacement dial gauge 16 and
Fixed support 17.
Described sample box 6 is used for laying cohesive soil sample Control Assay stress, described sample box 6
Length, width and height are respectively 40cm × 40cm × 15cm, this size and the clay sample in sample box 6
Equivalently-sized.Described lateral dynamometry jack 15 is by lateral pressure table 14 and side hydraulic
Pump 13 is connected, and described lateral displacement dial gauge 16 is anchored by fixed support 17.Described hold
Power framing holder 2 is anchored by earth anchor 1 and is positioned at outside sample box 6, and described earth anchor 1 is through holding
The preformed hole that power framing holder is 2 four jiaos.Sample box 6, the size of load-bearing frame seat 2 and earth anchor 1
The degree of depth of anchoring can also be adjusted according to the requirement of specimen size, is more beneficial for whole device
Loading ability, can test the shear strength of cohesive soil more realistically.In described load-bearing frame seat 2
Sidewall with sample box 6 lateral wall respectively two ends with lateral dynamometry jack 15 lean.Institute
State lateral displacement dial gauge 16 be connected with sample box 6 lateral wall and detect direction and lateral survey
Power jack 15 arranged direction is parallel.The vertical loading of the present invention uses vertical dynamometry jack 15
Simulate vertical loading, and can apply with classification, not only stability more preferable, low to site requirements,
Area occupied is little, and safety also greatly improves, and what is more important adapts to various places needs,
Except level ground, to the gradient within 15 ° domatic on sample also can detect, especially
It is as channel cutting depth or fissure-plane of such as growing up along structural plane is grown direction and also can be carried out
Large Shear is tested, and solves the work that existing vertical preloading stably cannot be further applied load on domatic
Cheng Wenti, and the solution of this problem also makes lateral load force application stabilization, reinforcing is more coherent,
Evenly.
Described load-bearing frame seat 2 end face is connected with transversal force beam 3 by bolt 4, described earth anchor 1
The anchor pole protruding from load-bearing frame seat 2 is provided with for spacing peg 5.Described sample box 6
Inside it is provided with the lower flat board 7a for being arranged at cohesive soil sample top surface, described lower flat board 7a end face
It is sequentially provided with roller bearing 8 and upper flat plate 7b from the bottom to top.Described roller bearing 8 is multiple and is perpendicular to
Lateral dynamometry jack 15 arranged direction, is equidistantly arranged side by side between described roller bearing 8, at this
In embodiment, described roller bearing 8 is 5, it is of course also possible to be 6.Described upper flat plate
7b end face is provided with vertical dynamometry jack 11, and the end face of described vertical dynamometry jack 11 is with horizontal
Power beam 3 leans, and described vertical dynamometry jack 11 is by lateral pressure table 10 and vertical liquid
Press pump 9 is connected.Described upper flat plate 7b end face is provided with the vertical position anchored by fixed support 17
Moving dial gauge 12, vertical deviation dial gauge 12 detects direction and vertical dynamometry jack 11 cloth
Put direction parallel.By arranging 5～6 roller bearings 8 between lower flat board 7a and upper flat plate 7b,
Not only make the stress of the sample soil body when vertical loading evenly, and reduce when laterally loading
The frictional force laterally produced, improves detection essence during shearing strength lateral to sample detection
Degree, and only arranging 5～6 roller bearings 8 is the data obtained by substantial amounts of test, if very little
Vertical load cannot be uniformly distributed on the sample soil body, and can increase upper and lower too much
Frictional force between flat board 7 and roller bearing 8, improves frictional force inadequately in stress system
Ratio, thus have influence on accuracy of detection.
Described earth anchor 1, load-bearing frame seat 2, transversal force beam 3, sample box 6, lower flat board 7a,
Upper flat plate 7b, roller bearing 8 and fixed support 17 are steel.
Seeing Fig. 5, the present invention utilizes the detection cohesive soil shearing resistance of on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device strong
The method of degree, step is as follows:
Step one, choose and smooth 2m2Test site, equal by sample box 6 cutting one
The sample of size, it is desirable to sample undisturbed, non-loosening, nothing damage, and sample side and shearing
Stress direction is parallel or vertical.
Step 2, see Fig. 1 to Fig. 2, outside sample box 6, put load-bearing frame seat 2,
By bolt 4, transversal force beam 3 is installed to load-bearing frame seat 2 end face, at load-bearing frame seat 2 four
Earth anchor 1 under the preformed hole bit synchronization at angle, wears peg 5 in the preformed hole of earth anchor 1 top and compresses
Load-bearing frame seat 2 four jiaos.
Step 3, sample end face in sample box 6 place under flat board 7a, at lower flat board 7a
Upper along shear direction 5 roller bearings 8 the most placed side by side, each roller bearing 8 vertical shear direction sets
Putting, described roller bearing 8 top covers with upper flat plate 7b again；Place vertical in upper flat plate 7b center
Dynamometry jack 11, described vertical dynamometry jack 11 leans with transversal force beam 3, described on
Flat board 7b end face installs the vertical deviation dial gauge 12 anchored by fixed support 17, and remembers
Record vertical deviation dial gauge 12 initial value；Along cutting between load-bearing frame seat 2 and sample box 6
Butt is to arranging lateral dynamometry jack 15 and lateral displacement dial gauge 16, and makes load-bearing frame
Seat 2 medial walls and sample box 6 lateral wall lean with lateral dynamometry jack 15 two ends, side
Occupy in the middle of sample box 6 lateral wall to dynamometry jack 15, and record lateral displacement dial gauge
16 initial values；By vertical dynamometry jack 11 by lateral pressure table 10 and vertical hydraulic pump 9
It is connected, by lateral dynamometry jack 15 by lateral pressure table 14 and side hydraulic pump 13 phase
Even, by lateral pressure table 10 and lateral pressure table 14 pointer back to zero.
Step 4, at the uniform velocity apply vertical load by vertical dynamometry jack 11 to upper flat plate 7b
To predetermined value, often cross 20min and record upper flat plate 7b vertical displacement, the most steady to upper flat plate 7b
Fixed, the most stably refer to that upper flat plate 7b vertical displacement value is less than 0.01mm/h；Lead in 20min
Cross the sample classification in sample box 6 of the lateral dynamometry jack 15, apply lateral load continuously,
Every grade of lateral load is the 8%～10% of estimation peak load, often crosses 1min and records sample box 6
The lateral pressure value of lateral displacement and lateral pressure table 14, and observe sample box 6 surrounding soil
Body deformability situation, if lateral displacement sharp increase or lateral displacement amount reach the 1/10 of specimen size,
Test can be terminated.
After step 5, the direct shear test completed under three～four different pressures, draw such as Fig. 3 institute
The shear stress lateral displacement graph of relation shown, determines shear stress, in the present embodiment,
Carried out four direct shear tests, be respectively simulation vertical load no-load, natural 56kpa,
Shear stress in the case of natural 89kpa and natural 115kpa；With shear stress it is the most again
Vertical coordinate, vertical stress are the vertical direct stress of shear stress that abscissa draws as shown in Figure 4
Graph of a relation, and according to data matching in figure and determine soil shear strength, in the present embodiment,
Shear stress and vertical direct stress relational expression are y=0.438x+18.70, and wherein, y should for shearing
Power, x is vertical direct stress.
By the Parameter analysis contrast obtained with Middle Line Project For Transferring Water From South To North land slide of swelled ground inverting, invention
People thinks that the employing present invention utilizes on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device to detect clay soil shear strength
The test result that obtained of method true and reliable.
Obviously, those skilled in the art the present invention can be carried out various change and modification and not
Depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.So, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong to
Within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these
Change and including modification.
The content not being described in detail in this specification belongs to known in professional and technical personnel in the field
Prior art.
Claims (9)
1. the method utilizing on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength, it is characterised in that: described method step is as follows:
Step one, choosing and smooth test site, by the sample of one comparable size of sample box (6) cutting, sample side is parallel with shear stress direction or vertical；
Step 2, sample box (6) outside put load-bearing frame seat (2), transversal force beam (3) is fixed to load-bearing frame seat (2) end face, earth anchor (1) is worn peg (5) in the preformed hole of earth anchor (1) top and compresses load-bearing frame seat (2) after having anchored load-bearing frame seat (2), by earth anchor (1) anchoring load-bearing frame seat (2)；
Step 3, sample end face in sample box (6) place under flat board (7a), upper along the shear direction multiple roller bearings of placement (8) at lower flat board (7a), each roller bearing (8) vertical shear direction is arranged, and described roller bearing (8) top covers with upper flat plate (7b) again；Upper flat plate (7b) the vertical dynamometry jack (11) of upper placement, described vertical dynamometry jack (11) leans with transversal force beam (3), described upper flat plate (7b) end face installs the vertical deviation dial gauge (12) anchored by fixed support (17), and records vertical deviation dial gauge (12) initial value；Before lateral dynamometry jack (15) is connected with side hydraulic pump (13) by lateral pressure table (14), vertical dynamometry jack (11) is connected with vertical hydraulic pump (9) by lateral pressure table (10), simultaneously by lateral pressure table (10) pointer back to zero, between load-bearing frame seat (2) and sample box (6), lateral dynamometry jack (15) and lateral displacement dial gauge (16) are set along shear direction, and make load-bearing frame seat (2) medial wall and sample box (6) lateral wall lean with lateral dynamometry jack (15) two ends respectively, and record lateral displacement dial gauge (16) initial value；Lateral dynamometry jack (15) is connected with side hydraulic pump (13), by lateral pressure table (14) pointer back to zero by lateral pressure table (14)；
Step 4, at the uniform velocity apply vertical load to predetermined value by vertical dynamometry jack (11) to upper flat plate (7b), often record vertical displacement after a while, the most stable to upper flat plate (7b), by the sample classification in sample box (6) of the lateral dynamometry jack (15), apply lateral load continuously, often record lateral displacement, lateral pressure value after a while, and observe sample box (6) surrounding soil deformation, if lateral displacement sharp increase or lateral displacement amount reach the 1/10 of specimen size, test can be terminated；
After step 5, the direct shear test completed under multiple different pressures, draw shear stress lateral displacement graph of relation, determine shear stress, again with shear stress as vertical coordinate, vertical stress be that abscissa draws shear stress vertical direct stress graph of a relation, and according to data matching in figure and determine soil shear strength.
The method of utilization the most according to claim 1 on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, placing vertical dynamometry jack (11) in upper flat plate (7b) center, lateral dynamometry jack (15) occupy in the middle of sample box (6) lateral wall.
The method of utilization the most according to claim 1 on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength, it is characterised in that: described roller bearing is equidistantly arranged side by side between (8).
The method of utilization the most according to claim 1 on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength, it is characterised in that: described roller bearing (8) is 5.
The method of utilization the most according to claim 1 on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength, it is characterised in that: described load-bearing frame seat (2) end face is connected with transversal force beam (3) by bolt (4).
The method of utilization the most according to claim 1 on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength, it is characterized in that: in described step 4, vertical dynamometry jack (11) is when upper flat plate (7b) at the uniform velocity applies vertical load, often crossing 20min and record upper flat plate (7b) vertical displacement, upper flat plate (7b) the most stably refers to that upper flat plate (7b) vertical displacement value is less than 0.01mm/h；By the sample classification in sample box (6) of the lateral dynamometry jack (15) in 20min, apply lateral load continuously, every grade of lateral load is the 8%～10% of estimation peak load, often crosses 1min record sample box (6) lateral displacement and the lateral pressure value of lateral pressure table (14).
The method of utilization the most according to claim 1 on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength, it is characterised in that: in described step 5, complete the direct shear test under four different pressures altogether.
The method of utilization the most according to any one of claim 1 to 7 on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength, it is characterised in that: described earth anchor (1), load-bearing frame seat (2), transversal force beam (3), sample box (6), lower flat board (7a), upper flat plate (7b), roller bearing (8) and fixed support (17) are steel.
The method of utilization the most according to any one of claim 1 to 7 on-the-spot large-scale direct shear test device detection clay soil shear strength, it is characterised in that: described sample box (6) length, width and height are respectively 40cm × 40cm × 15cm.
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| CN106442135A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-02-22 | 深圳大学 | Soft clay soil body in-situ testing device and testing method |
| CN109900563B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2022-04-15 | 宁波大学 | Shear test method for oversized anchoring structure surface |
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| JP4208818B2 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2009-01-14 | 国土防災技術株式会社 | A system in which the shear box can rotate freely during the shearing process of the single shear test |
| CN102410962B (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-09-11 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Portable rock mass structural plane direct shear test apparatus for field and indoor use |
| CN203551406U (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-04-16 | 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所 | Soil-rock mass in-situ direct shear test device with automatic data acquisition system |
| CN103558096B (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2016-01-20 | 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所 | With the Rock And Soil in-situ direct shear test device and method of automatic data acquisition system (ADAS) |
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Address after: 430010 No. 1863 Jiefang Avenue, Hubei, Wuhan Patentee after: CHANGJIANG SURVEY PLANNING DESIGN AND RESEARCH Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Changjiang Geotechnical Engineering Co.,Ltd. Address before: 430010 No. 1863 Jiefang Avenue, Hubei, Wuhan Patentee before: CHANGJIANG SURVEY PLANNING DESIGN AND RESEARCH Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: CHANGJIANG GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Corp. |