CN104136651A - Method for coating a substrate - Google Patents
Method for coating a substrate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104136651A CN104136651A CN201280060284.2A CN201280060284A CN104136651A CN 104136651 A CN104136651 A CN 104136651A CN 201280060284 A CN201280060284 A CN 201280060284A CN 104136651 A CN104136651 A CN 104136651A
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- plasma
- plasma spraying
- matrix
- spraying equipment
- treatment
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001808 exosome Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012791 sliding layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CGMRCMMOCQYHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicalcium hydroxide phosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca++].[Ca++].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CGMRCMMOCQYHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 210000004180 plasmocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010290 vacuum plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for coating a substrate, in which a starting material (P) in the form of a process beam (2) is sprayed on a surface of the substrate (10) by means of thermal spraying, wherein initially the surface of the substrate (10) is pretreated without application of material by a plasma flame (2') of a plasma spray device (3,3') and then the surface is subjected to the process beam (2) that comprises the starting material (P).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of by as described in the preamble, the method for matrix is applied of independent claim.
Background technology
For matrix is applied, often use at present heat spraying method, for example plasma spraying, HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel) (HVOF), electric arc spraying arc line spraying in other words.
By described method, in matrix, produce coating, wherein this matrix be for example metal and coating can be metal, pottery or can be also the mixture that both form.Coating often comprises a plurality of single top layers, described top layer arranged superposed and conventionally have different functional.
So, for example known thermal-protective coating (TBC), preservative coat, anti-erosion layer or sliding layer, this sliding layer has been simplified the mutual slip of reversing motion body.Application examples is the coating that in oil engine, cylinder face has top layer at this, and described top layer has good oilness and wear resistance, has improved thus the motion characteristics of piston in cylinder.Also provide following application, wherein by thermal spray coating, had a mind to unprocessed top layer.Artificial limb for example thigh portion Joint orthosis is for example such, and it is made by the metal titanium of bio-compatible conventionally, is provided with subsequently unprocessed coating, thereby simplify bone, is organized into the growth on artificial limb.As coated material, at this, conventionally use ceramic masses, for example hydroxylapatite.
In all application, to be devoted to as well as possible and enduringly the coating producing by thermospray be sticked in matrix.For this reason, conventionally before thermospray, will have surface to be coated to carry out pre-treatment, this be also referred to as activation.This activation for example can realize by sandstone beam, corundum beam, chill manufacture beam, high pressure water bundle, several laser means or other known Activiation methods.
Described pre-treatment normally very consuming time and need special material for example corundum, sandstone or high pressure water bundle for example.Produce thus extra problem, for example, in multiple Activiation method, needed subsequently extra clean or drying step in corundum beam before thermospray can be started.In addition, although to clean modestly, but sandstone or corundum in granules can be stayed from the teeth outwards and stay in top layer in coating subsequently.This exosome can cause that undesirable crackle is shaped subsequently, and this for example can cause serious consequence in the thigh portion Joint orthosis applying.Yet even, when not having corundum in granules to stay from the teeth outwards, the surfaceness being produced by hacking process especially can cause forming of fatigue cracking in high-intensity material.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, from prior art, task of the present invention is to propose a kind of method for matrix being applied by thermospray, has wherein realized very simply there being surperficial pre-treatment to be coated to activate in other words, and wherein will avoid as far as possible polluting has face to be coated.
The theme of this task of solution of the present invention is characterised in that independent claim.
By the present invention, a kind of method for matrix is applied is proposed, wherein by thermospray, by starting materials (Ausgangsmaterial), the form with technique beam sprays on the surface of described matrix, wherein first in the situation that there is no material coating, with the plasma flame of plasma spraying equipment, pre-treatment is carried out in the surface of described matrix and subsequently with on surface described in the technique beam paint that comprises starting materials.
Shockingly illustrate, by the pre-treatment of carrying out with plasma flame, activate in other words the good adhesivity that can realize the top layer applying subsequently.Because plasma flame does not comprise particle or exosome when pre-treatment, so got rid of there being surperficial pollution to be coated yet.Thus, saved and activated the clean or drying step of Expenses Cost afterwards.During pre-processing, described plasma spraying equipment identical parameter operation when being generally used for applying by plasma spraying with it substantially.Just just can not make starting materials enter into plasma flame.
By method of the present invention, be especially also applicable to the applicable cases that matrix is metal.
Described starting materials preferably metal or pottery material or the mixture being formed by these materials because can make thus the desirable characteristic of coating very well mate corresponding applicable cases.At this, especially also refer to matrix material, for example MMC or the sintering metal of metallic matrix.
According to preferred embodiment a kind of, described thermospray is plasma spraying.
By method of the present invention, be especially also applicable to the thermospray in low pressure range, this means under the operation pressure lower than barometric point and spray.Thus, the present invention be also specially adapted for vacuum plasma spray coating (VPS:vacuum plasma spraying) or low-voltage plasma spraying method, as LPPS(low pressure plasma spraying) or LPPS-TF(LPPS Thin Film).
In a kind of preferred embodiment, hot spray apparatus and plasma spraying equipment for generation of technique beam jointly stagger and move with respect to stromal surface in time or on space, make plasma flame first the region of effects on surface carry out pre-treatment and subsequently after time period that can be given in advance with on the identical region of technique beam paint.This measure has realized method simple especially and few cost and has implemented, because in succession realize before and after pre-treatment and thermospray, and without carry out intermediate steps or become other equipment by an equipment replacement for this reason.Described hot spray apparatus and plasma spraying equipment for example can be assemblied on common axle or common arm, for example handling machine people's arm on.Described two devices are for example successively can spacing given in advance being assemblied on arm, thereby when this arm motion of translation, first make plasma spraying equipment and make subsequently thermal spraying apparatus have region to be coated through surface same.
Other flexible program is, for can be around plasma spraying equipment, for example Sulzer Metco AG(Switzerland of arbor line rotation) the plasma burner that is designated F210 layout the second plasma burner like this, make it and the first plasma burner is back-to-back, namely about 180 degree that circumferentially stagger with it.When rotated, first for pretreated the first plasma burner through a region and subsequently for the second plasma burner of applying through identical region.This rotatable plasma burner is for example for applying to curved surface, as the cylinder face of oil engine.
In another kind of preferred embodiment, in the situation that there is no material coating, with plasma spraying equipment, the surface of matrix is not carried out pre-treatment and with identical plasma spraying equipment, produced the technique beam for applying subsequently.That is to say, only need in this embodiment a plasma spraying equipment, so this embodiment is simple especially and economical.With plasma spraying equipment, first carry out pre-treatment, now disconnect the conveying of starting materials.Connect subsequently the conveying of starting materials and pretreated region is before applied.
In fact show advantageously, for pretreated plasma flame, substantially with the identical plasma parameter of the plasma flame with for generation of technique beam, especially identical electric current, identical gas or identical rate of air flow, produce.
From practice advantageously, the discharge nozzle of plasma spraying equipment and the spacing between stromal surface are for pre-treatment with to apply with technique beam be of a size.
Confirm that advantageously the time period between pre-treatment applies identical region with technique beam (2) mostly is five minutes most.
Particularly advantageously, the time period of pre-treatment between identical region being applied with technique beam (2) mostly is one minute most.
Other favourable measures of the present invention and preferred technical scheme are provided by dependent claims.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below according to embodiment and explain in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention.Schematically in accompanying drawing, partly with sectional view, illustrating:
Fig. 1 is for implementing by the schematic diagram of the device of the first embodiment of method of the present invention, and
Fig. 2 is for implementing by the schematic diagram of the device of the second embodiment of method of the present invention.
Embodiment
By of the present invention, for the feature of the method that matrix 10 applied by thermospray, be especially, first with plasma flame, pre-treatment is carried out in the surface of matrix.The present invention is applicable to all heat spraying methods, for example all plasma spraying methods, HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel) (HVOF), electric arc spraying arc line spraying in other words.This concept of thermospray also comprises such spraying coating process at this, and wherein process gas is " cold ", hundreds of Calvin only for example with respect to classical plasma spraying.This so-called cold air spraying of technique or the power gas sticking to mainly due to its kinetic energy in matrix for the particle applying sprays.
With exemplary feature reference important applicable cases for practice, i.e. this thermospray is plasma spraying below.At this, not only relate to the plasma spray coating process (APS:Atmospheric Plasma Spraying) under standard atmosphere pressure but also relate to vacuum or low-voltage plasma spraying technique, for example already mentioned VPS, LPPS or LPPS-TF technique.
Fig. 1 shows plasma spray apparatus with very schematic view, and its entirety by reference numeral 1 represents and be applicable to implement by method of the present invention.In addition, in Fig. 1, schematically show matrix 10, in this matrix, with the form on top layer 11, separate out coating.
By method of the present invention, preferably include plasma spraying, such plasma spray is coated in WO-A-03/087422 or also at US-A-5, is described in 853,815.This plasma spraying method is to be used to form so-called LPPS(LPPS=Low Pressure Plasma Spraying) heat spraying method of film.
The plasma spray apparatus 1 shown in Fig. 1 comprise with do not illustrate for generation of isoionic plasma burner, with the known plasma spraying equipment 3 of hot spray apparatus.At this, for example can relate to the plasma spraying equipment of F4 type, it can be from Sulzer Metco AG(Switzerland) obtain.With plasma spraying equipment 3, by starting materials P, process gas mixture G and electric energy E, produce technique beam 2 in known manner.In Fig. 1, by arrow 4,5,6, represent the feed-in of described assembly E, G and P.The technique beam 2 producing is discharged by discharge nozzle 7 and is transported starting materials P with the form of technique beam 2, and wherein material granule 21,22 is dispersed in plasma body.This transportation represents by arrow 24.By different material granule 21,22, should illustrate, described starting materials P can comprise multiple different material granule completely, certainly neither comprise multiple different material granule.Described material granule 21,22 is powder particle normally.At the method based on line, for example PTWA(Plasma Transferred Wire Arc) in, described starting materials exists as line.
Described plasma spray apparatus 1 also comprises the second plasma spraying equipment 3 ', and it can be identical with plasma spraying equipment 3 types, yet type is identical with it.Described the second plasma spraying equipment 3 ' is for producing plasma flame 2 ' by process gas mixture G ' and electric energy E ', and this plasma flame is discharged and can having of matrix 10 surperficial region B to be coated be applied enough its by discharge nozzle 7 '.The feed-in of assembly E ' and G ' represents by arrow 4 ' and 5 ' in Fig. 1.
Described two plasma spraying equipments 3 and 3 ' are assemblied on common arm 8, make them fixing relative to each other with spacing A that can be given in advance.Described arm 8 for example can move by the handling machine people who does not illustrate, as in Fig. 1, arrow V illustrates.In this embodiment, described two plasma spraying equipments are so fixed on arm 8, thereby make to spray spacing, namely the space D between discharge nozzle 7 and matrix 10 is equally large with discharge nozzle 7 ' and the spacing between matrix 10 of the second plasma spraying equipment 3 ', namely pre-treatment realizes with the spacing between identical with thermospray, plasma spraying equipment 3 ' and matrix 10.According to applicable cases certainly more advantageously, for pre-treatment and thermospray are selected different corresponding plasma spraying equipments and have the spacing between surface to be coated.
Under most of applicable cases also advantageously, for generation of the plasma parameter of plasma flame 2 ' substantially with identical for generation of the plasma parameter of technique beam 2.Thus, plasma parameter mainly refers to composition and the turnover rate of G ' in other words for generation of isoionic electric current and process gas G.
For matrix 10 is applied, carry out as follows now.Activate two plasma spraying equipments 3,3 ', make plasma spraying equipment 3 produce technique beam 2 and the second plasma spraying equipment 3 ' generation plasma flame 2 '.If desired can be advantageously, and compare for pretreated plasma spraying equipment 3 ', activate slightly later the plasma spraying equipment 3 for generation of technique beam 2, because plasma spraying equipment 3 ' has certain lead.Described two plasma spraying equipments 3 and the 3 ' surface to be coated that has with space D motion process matrix 10, as illustrated in arrow V in Fig. 1 now.Pre-treatment is carried out on the surface that now matrix 10 is arranged in to region B by the plasma flame 2 ' of plasma spraying equipment 3 '.At this, do not carry out coated materials but only impose plasma flame 2 '.Common motion by two plasma spraying equipments 3 and 3 ' makes, and the plasma spraying equipment 3 that produces technique beam 2 arrives the pretreated region B of process just now and is later than time period that can be given in advance by the pre-treatment of plasma flame 2 ' realization.This time period is depended on the speed of two plasma spraying equipments 3,3 ' motion and two plasma spraying equipments 3,3 ' spatial separation A.At this, this time period is usually located in the scope within a hundred or so second.
If pretreated region B before plasma spraying equipment 3 processes, it applies with the technique beam 2 that comprises starting materials P in known manner so, produces thus top layer 11 in matrix 10.
This illustrate, by the pre-treatment by plasma flame 2 ', can realize top layer 11 extraordinary adhesion in matrix 10, and not need to carry out previous processing with corundum bundle, sandstone bundle, high pressure water bundle or analogue for this reason.By the adhesion strength that can realize by method of the present invention at least up to 40MPa.
By method of the present invention, be certainly also applicable to multilayer system, for example, can, first with pressing method of the present invention by adhesion layer or adhesive linkage paint matrix 10, subsequently one or more other layers be sprayed on this adhesion layer or adhesive linkage.
Described matrix 10 can be metal or also can be made by the mixture of pottery, plastics or these materials.
All materials that are used in thermal spray process are all suitable as starting materials P.At plasma spraying, as heat spraying method in the situation that, starting materials P exists as powder conventionally, and this powder is transported in plasma flame by carrying gas.
The flexible program of the device shown in Fig. 1 is, described two plasma spraying equipments 3 and 3 ' are not arranged on common arm 8, but can be moved independently of each other by running gear independently, two handling machine people for example can be set, wherein each handling machine people two plasma spraying equipments 3 in other words one of 3 ' that move.Thereby can realize for generation of the plasma spraying equipment 3 of technique beam 2 and carry out pretreated plasma spraying equipment 3 ' can spacing given in advance to follow for generation of plasma flame 2 ' by triggering these two running gears so, thereby the first pre-treatment of feasible region B and applying after time period that can be given in advance subsequently.This flexible program has the following advantages, can also implement plasma spraying equipment 3,3 ' complicated, especially or crooked motion.
Another flexible program is, only uses plasma spraying equipment 3 in a plasma spraying equipment, for example Fig. 1 for implementing described method.For this reason, the feed-in 6 for region B described in pre-treatment disconnects starting materials P, makes this region B first only impose plasma flame.Activate subsequently the feed-in 6 of starting materials 6 and just now through pretreated region, applied with 2 pairs of technique beams.The described flexible program with a plasma spraying equipment 3 only can be according to the size that has matrix to be coated 10, or first with plasma flame pre-treatment is whole, has surface to be coated and with technique beam 2, apply whole surfaces subsequently.Yet also can be first with plasma flame pre-treatment, there be surperficial only region to be coated, for example strip region, with 2 pairs of these regions of technique beam, apply subsequently, then the next region of pre-treatment and subsequently it applied and for example go on until the whole surface of matrix 10 is all provided with top layer 11 always.
Shown in practice, can be for several seconds to several minutes by the pre-treatment of plasma flame and the time period between thermospray.This also depends on certainly matrix to be coated.Conventionally advantageously, the described time period is no more than five minutes and is preferably no more than one minute.
As by the concrete application examples of method of the present invention, the coating that refers to aluminium in the hole of cylinder of internal-combustion engine or graphitic cast iron at this, can produce the cylinder face with extraordinary lubricating property, rubbing characteristics and service performance thus.
Another Application example is with hydroxylapatite, the artificial limb being made of titanium to be applied.Just before this saves, the beam of corundum or sandstone is very significant advantage.
Fig. 2 shows for implementing by the schematic diagram of the device of the second embodiment of method of the present invention.This relate to the plasma spraying equipment that can rotate, for example, by Sulzer Metce AG(Switzerland) the F210 of take be the device that the sign plasma burner of selling and the rotation plasma cell of being sold by same companies form.
Only the difference of the embodiment with explaining according to Fig. 1 is inquired in more detail below.Other aspects, the explanation of doing with reference to Fig. 1 in other words in context is also applicable in the mode of same meaning the embodiment being explained according to Fig. 2.Reference numeral especially has identical meaning.
At the plasma spray apparatus 1 shown in Fig. 2, comprise an only plasma spraying equipment 3.At this, matrix 10 is that its crooked internal surface should be provided with top layer 11 as the cylinder-bore of coating.On the burner handle 30 of plasma spray apparatus 1, be provided in known manner producing the technique beam 2 plasma spraying equipment 3(burner of plasma flame 2 ' in other words).For the plasma spraying equipment 3 that the crooked internal surface of matrix 10 is applied, can arrange rotatably around arbor line C.In embodiment at this at Fig. 2, burner handle 30 is own as illustrated in arrow U, be rotated.In addition, burner handle 30 can move linearly along the direction of arbor line C, namely can move up and down in the mode illustrating, thus the rotation around arbor line C by plasma spraying equipment 3 and move up and down and can apply the whole internal surface of cylinder-bore.
In order to implement the described embodiment by method of the present invention, carry out as follows.First activate plasma spraying equipment 3, wherein the feed-in 6 of starting materials P is not also connected, and makes plasma spraying equipment 3 produce the plasma flame that does not comprise coated material.Now the rotation U around arbor line C by plasma spraying equipment 3 and shown in upwards move downward in other words by plasma flame and carry out pre-treatment to being used as the whole internal surface of the cylinder-bore of matrix 10.At this, can be in cylinder-bore in multiple times, for example implement moving up and down of described plasma spraying equipment 3 three times.Subsequently, this plasma spraying equipment out runs in other words the upper end shown in it and activates the feed-in 6 of starting materials P from cylinder-bore, thereby makes present plasma spraying equipment 3 produce technique beam 2.Utilize this technique beam top layer 11 to be sprayed in matrix 10 moving up and down of one or many in arbor line A rotation U by plasma spraying equipment 3.
Here in described LPPS-TF-technique, at the highest 10000Pa and preferably starting materials P is sprayed under the low operation pressure of the highest 1000Pa and make in plasma body that material beam scatters and make therein it partly or completely melt or at least plasticizing.Specifically, in LPPS-TF-technique, at this, can at least also make the part evaporation of starting materials change in other words steam condition into according to process wizard.For this reason, produce the plasma body with sufficiently high unit heat content, thereby form very dense and thin top layer 11 in matrix.The variation of structure organization is subject to coated conditions, the especially remarkably influenced of the operating pressure in technique heat content, coating chamber and technique beam and controlled.Thus, described technique beam 2 has by the definite characteristic of controlled processing parameter.
The flexible program of described method is, the second plasma spraying equipment is set on burner handle 30, its circumferential and plasma spraying equipment 3 about burner handle 30 staggers and arranges, for example staggers 180 °, thereby two plasma spraying equipments are back-to-back arranged.That just uses the second plasma spraying equipment for generation of for pretreated plasma flame, and uses the other plasma spraying equipment for generation of process beam in the mode of same meaning, as explained with Fig. 1 in context.When burner handle 30 rotation U, for pretreated beam-plasma first through a region and after turning over half-turn described technique beam 2 through the pretreated regions of this process.At this, in fact advantageously, described two plasma spraying equipments are arranged about axially staggering extraly, namely arrange and go up at various height.
Give below by plasma flame and carry out pretreated embodiment, wherein correspondingly cylinder-bore is applied.This coating, namely by plasma flame, carry out pre-treatment and carry out subsequently thermospray and correspondingly use Sulzer Metco AG(Switzerland) the plasma spraying equipment of F210 model as atmospheric plasma spray coating process, realize, as explained with Fig. 2 in context.
At this, provide respectively the frequency that multiplicity, plasma spraying equipment 3 move up and down in cylinder-bore, at this, repeat to refer to complete moving up and down.
Embodiment 1:
With plasma parameter below, realize pre-treatment:
Electric current: 400A;
Argon gas 60 SLPM(standard Liter Per Minutes), hydrogen 5 SPLM, nitrogen 4 SPLM process gas:;
Plasma spraying equipment 3 and have the spacing between surface to be coated: 30mm;
Multiplicity: 3.
Subsequently in known manner first by Sulzer Metco AG(Switzerland) Diamalloy 4008NS adhesion layer that nickel-base alloy the is made top layer of being made by low alloy steel from space D ejection and the spraying of the spacing as tectum from 45mm thereon of 30mm, the molybdenum that to have mixed weight percent in this low alloy steel be 30%.At this, steel and molybdenum exist as powdered mixture rather than exist as alloy in original material.The coating so producing demonstrates extraordinary adhesion property.
Embodiment 2:
In order to lower plasma parameter, realize pre-treatment:
Electric current: 410A;
Argon gas 60 SLPM(standard Liter Per Minutes), hydrogen 5 SPLM, nitrogen 4 SPLM process gas:;
Extra use for covering screen cover gas plasma flame, 16 SLPM;
Plasma spraying equipment 3 and have the space D between surface to be coated: 45mm;
Multiplicity: 3.
Do not apply in this embodiment adhesion layer, but directly from the spacing of 45mm, spray out the Switzerland by Sulzer Metco AG(in known manner subsequently on the pretreated surface with plasma flame) the coating made of F4301 material as tectum.
The coating so producing demonstrates good adhesivity.
Embodiment 3:
With plasma parameter below, realize pre-treatment:
Electric current: 550A;
Argon gas 60 SLPM(standard Liter Per Minutes), hydrogen 6 SPLM, nitrogen 4 SPLM process gas:;
Extra use for covering screen cover gas plasma flame, 16 SLPM;
Plasma spraying equipment 3 and have the space D between surface to be coated: 45mm;
Multiplicity: 3.
In this example, do not apply adhesion layer, but directly from the spacing of 45mm, spray out the Switzerland by Sulzer Metco AG(in known manner subsequently on the pretreated surface with plasma flame) the coating made of F2071 material as tectum.The mixture that the pottery that the protection against corrosion steel that this material is the matrix material of metallic matrix, be 65% by weight percent and weight percent are 35% forms, for example Al
2o
3/ ZrO
2ratio be 80 to 20.
The coating so producing demonstrates extraordinary adhesivity.
Claims (11)
1. the method for matrix is applied, wherein by thermospray, by starting materials (P), the form with technique beam (2) sprays on the surface of described matrix (10), it is characterized in that, first in the situation that there is no material coating, use plasma spraying equipment (3; 3 ') plasma flame (2 ') carries out pre-treatment to the surface of described matrix (10) and subsequently with on surface described in technique beam (2) paint that comprises described starting materials (P).
2. by method claimed in claim 1, wherein said matrix (10) is metal.
3. by the method described in any one in the claims, wherein said starting materials (P) is material metal or pottery.
4. by the method described in any one in the claims, wherein said thermospray is plasma spraying.
5. by the method described in any one in the claims, described method is implemented under the operation pressure less than barometric point.
6. by the method described in any one in the claims, wherein hot spray apparatus (3) and the plasma spraying equipment (3 ') for generation of described technique beam (2) jointly staggers and moves with respect to the surface of described matrix (10) in time or on space, make described plasma flame (2 ') first to the region on described surface (B) carry out pre-treatment and subsequently after time period that can be given in advance with on the identical region (B) of described technique beam (2) paint.
7. by the method described in any one in the claims, wherein in the situation that there is no material coating, with described plasma spraying equipment (3), pre-treatment is carried out in the surface of described matrix (10) and use subsequently identical plasma spraying equipment (3) to produce the technique beam (2) for described coating.
8. by method claimed in claim 7, wherein for pretreated described plasma flame (2 '), substantially with the identical plasma parameter of the plasma flame with for generation of described technique beam (2), especially identical electric current, identical gas and identical rate of air flow, produce.
9. by the method described in any one in claim 7 or 8, the spacing (D) between the discharge nozzle (7,7 ') of wherein said plasma spraying equipment (3,3 ') and the surface of described matrix (10) is for described pre-treatment and with described technique beam (2), to apply be of a size.
10. by the method described in any one in the claims, the time period between wherein said pre-treatment applies identical region (B) with described technique beam (2) mostly is five minutes most.
11. by the method described in any one in the claims, and the time period between wherein said pre-treatment applies identical region (B) with described technique beam (2) mostly is one minute most.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11192846 | 2011-12-09 | ||
| EP11192846.1 | 2011-12-09 | ||
| EP12168281.9 | 2012-05-16 | ||
| EP12168281 | 2012-05-16 | ||
| PCT/EP2012/074594 WO2013083671A1 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2012-12-06 | Method for coating a substrate |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104136651A true CN104136651A (en) | 2014-11-05 |
Family
ID=47297278
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201280060284.2A Pending CN104136651A (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2012-12-06 | Method for coating a substrate |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140335282A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2788520A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2015503031A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20140133499A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104136651A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013083671A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105648381A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-06-08 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Surface activation by plasma jets for thermal spray coating on cylinder bores |
| CN109475885A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2019-03-15 | 欧瑞康美科股份公司，沃伦 | Coating method, hot coating and the cylinder with hot coating |
| CN110777320A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-02-11 | 福建阿石创新材料股份有限公司 | Method for repairing rotary niobium residual target |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9863030B2 (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2018-01-09 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Stress relief of mechanically roughened cylinder bores for reduced cracking tendency |
| CN108025106A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2018-05-11 | 陶瓷技术有限责任公司 | The ceramic layer of thermal spraying |
| US20190078191A1 (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-03-14 | Atmospheric Plasma Solutions, Inc. | Method and system for promoting adhesion of arc-spray coatings |
| JP7379844B2 (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2023-11-15 | 富士電機株式会社 | Method of forming metal film |
| US20190300999A1 (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-10-03 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Method of forming metallic film |
| AU2019364543A1 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2021-05-27 | Atmospheric Plasma Solutions, Inc. | Plasma source and method for preparing and coating surfaces using atmospheric plasma pressure waves |
| JP7285667B2 (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2023-06-02 | 株式会社栗本鐵工所 | Method for manufacturing cast-iron pipe and method for preventing surface corrosion of cast-iron pipe |
| JP7312064B2 (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2023-07-20 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Method for manufacturing thermal spray coating member |
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- 2012-12-06 EP EP12797907.8A patent/EP2788520A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-06 KR KR1020147018693A patent/KR20140133499A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-12-06 JP JP2014545249A patent/JP2015503031A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-06 US US14/362,552 patent/US20140335282A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2012-12-06 CN CN201280060284.2A patent/CN104136651A/en active Pending
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| US6537605B1 (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 2003-03-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for coating high temperature components by means of plasma spraying |
| US20050077272A1 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2005-04-14 | Fusaro Robert Anthony | Coating apparatus and processes for forming low oxide coatings |
| CN101680073A (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2010-03-24 | 曼柴油机欧洲股份公司曼柴油机德国分公司 | Machine part belonging to a sliding pair and method for the production thereof |
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| CN105648381A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-06-08 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Surface activation by plasma jets for thermal spray coating on cylinder bores |
| CN109475885A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2019-03-15 | 欧瑞康美科股份公司，沃伦 | Coating method, hot coating and the cylinder with hot coating |
| CN109475885B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2022-03-08 | 欧瑞康美科股份公司，沃伦 | Cladding method, thermal cladding and cylinder with thermal cladding |
| CN110777320A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-02-11 | 福建阿石创新材料股份有限公司 | Method for repairing rotary niobium residual target |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013083671A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
| JP2015503031A (en) | 2015-01-29 |
| KR20140133499A (en) | 2014-11-19 |
| EP2788520A1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
| US20140335282A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
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Application publication date: 20141105 |