CN104133202B - A kind of 2 mu m coherent anemometry laser radar polarization state coupling and correction systems - Google Patents
A kind of 2 mu m coherent anemometry laser radar polarization state coupling and correction systems Download PDFInfo
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- CN104133202B CN104133202B CN201410228849.4A CN201410228849A CN104133202B CN 104133202 B CN104133202 B CN 104133202B CN 201410228849 A CN201410228849 A CN 201410228849A CN 104133202 B CN104133202 B CN 104133202B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
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Abstract
A kind of 2 mu m coherent anemometry laser radar polarization state coupling and correction systems, system includes 2 μm laser instrument, first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, acousto-optic frequency shifters, second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, tail-fiber type Green's GRIN Lens, λ/2 wave plate, lens, polarization beam splitter prism, λ/4 wave plate, off-axis optics antenna, driving device for step-by-step, polaroid, first tail-fiber type coupled lens, dual pathways Polarization instrument system, second fiber optic splitter, photodiode, coaxial cable, oscillograph, this system can monitor reference local oscillator laser signal and laser echo signal respective polarization state situation in coherent wind laser radar system in real time.When the polarization state mismatch of this two-beam, the polarization state of dual pathways polarization state monitoring analysis system meeting automatic straightening laser is until mating, thus significantly improves the heterodyne efficiency of coherent wind laser radar system, improves system detectivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of 2 mu m coherent anemometry laser radar polarization state coupling and correction systems, should
System can be monitored local oscillator reference laser signal in 2 mu m coherent anemometry laser radar systems in real time and be swashed with echo
The polarization state match condition of optical signal, it is adaptable to swash based on spaceborne, airborne and foundation platform coherent wind
In optical detection and ranging system.
Background technology
Coherent wind laser radar with the detectivity of its nearly quantum noise limit, high s/n ratio,
The feature such as clear sky detectivity, is widely used in weak laser acquisition of signal field in high precision.Survey wind swashs
Optical radar has proved to be one of most effective means of research Small and Medium Sized meteorologic phenomena at present, pre-to meteorology
All many-sides such as report, military and national defense, aviation safety early warning are the most significant.
Coherent wind laser radar based on aerocolloidal Mie scattering, is operated in medium-wave infrared in air
Or in LONG WAVE INFRARED optical band, micropulse heterodyne detection, it is possible to directly extract Doppler from weather echo
Frequency information.Wherein 2 mu m coherent Doppler anemometry LDV technique, uses all solid state 2 μm laser
Device is as emission source, and its wave band is in atmospheric window, eye-safe, strong security, is to study in the world
Focus.
Coherent wind laser radar is high accuracy based on heterodyne detection technology actively measurement means, outside laser
The minimum wavelength Detection Techniques that difference detection is well recognized as.Pertinent literature shows with experimental data, direct detection of laser
Mode minimum detectable power is typically 10-9W magnitude, and heterodyne detection can realize the detection of nearly minimum wavelength
(10-11More than W magnitude).Visible, the high several orders of magnitude of heterodyne detection remolding sensitivity direct detection,
But the difficulty of heterodyne detection technology is also much higher than direct detection.
It is known that there is its peculiar added losses factor in heterodyne detection of laser system, referred to as
Heterodyne efficiency.Therefore, heterodyne efficiency is one of important parameter index evaluating Heterodyne Detection System performance.
Heterodyne efficiency is mainly affected by following factor: launch light beam and the waveform shape of local beam, distribution of amplitudes,
Phase difference, local oscillator light light intensity and polarization state.Wherein, front 4 influence factors have only to carry out rectifying of single
Can readily satisfy the most afterwards, and polarization state coupling is to affect the weight of heterodyne efficiency in heterodyne detection of laser system
Want factor, and directly determine heterodyne detection and the direct detection superiority in tiny signal field of detecting.
Polarization state is not monitored, mates and is rectified by current existing coherent wind laser radar system the most in real time
Positive system or equipment, therefore, is badly in need of design a kind of for carrying out polarization state monitoring and the method corrected.
Summary of the invention
The technology of the present invention solves problem: overcome prior art not enough, it is provided that a kind of 2 mu m coherents
Anemometry laser radar polarization state coupling and correction system, this system can monitor coherent wind laser thunder in real time
Reach reference local oscillator laser signal and laser echo signal respective polarization state situation in system, when this two-beam
Polarization state mismatch time, dual pathways polarization state monitoring analysis system can automatic straightening laser polarization state until
Till coupling, thus significantly improve the heterodyne efficiency of system, improve system detectivity.
The technical solution of the present invention is: provide a kind of 2 mu m coherent anemometry laser radar polarization states
Coupling with correct structure, including: 2 μm laser instrument, the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, acousto-optic frequency shifters, the
One fiber optic splitter, the second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, dual pathways Polarization instrument, tail-fiber type Green's autohemagglutination
Focus lens, the first coaxial cable, λ/2 wave plate, lens, polarization beam splitter prism, λ/4 wave plate, off-axis light
Learn antenna, driving means, polaroid, coupled lens, the second fiber optic splitter, optical-fiber bundling device, light
Electric diode, the second coaxial cable, oscillograph, the 3rd single-mode polarization maintaining fiber and the 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber；
Acousto-optic frequency shifters includes input port, 1 order diffraction output port, 0 order diffraction output port, frequently
Rate modulation port and radio-frequency power modulation port, dual pathways Polarization instrument includes the first signal input part
Mouth and secondary signal input port；
Laser signal launched by 2 μm laser instrument, by the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber and the input of acousto-optic frequency shifters
Acousto-optic frequency shifters it is input to after port；By the voltage-regulation of modulation port to 5.2V, radio-frequency power is adjusted
Port voltage processed is modulated to 1.0V, makes acousto-optic frequency shifters reach diffraction efficiency maximum, from 0 order diffraction
Port and 1 order diffraction port output two-way laser signal；The laser beam of 1 order diffraction port output is through second
The transmission of single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, after tail-fiber type Green's GRIN Lens collimation that intercept is 0.23,
Form coherent wind laser radar pulse signal；
After the coherent wind laser radar pulse signal beam shaping via λ/2 wave plate and lens, become straight
Footpath is 1～2mm, and the angle of divergence is the laser beam of 1mrad, and the laser beam after shaping is through polarization beam splitter prism
Become right-hand circular polarization signal with after the wave plate of λ/4 from linear polarization signal, right-hand circular polarization signal enter into from
Axle optical antenna, laser beam is expanded and is launched by laser signal after alignment procedure by off-axis optics antenna
To free space；
The laser signal being transmitted in free space reflects through big aerosol, produces back scattering laser letter
Number, back scattering laser signal is Left-hand circular polarization laser；Left-hand circular polarization back scattering laser signal quilt
Off-axis optics antenna receives and after the wave plate of λ/4, and polarization state is become linearly polarized laser from Left-hand circular polarization,
And its polarization direction have rotated 90 degree, is reflected by polarization beam splitter prism；
Laser beam after polarization beam splitter prism reflects is after the polaroid in over-driving device, coupled
Mirror couples, and is then passed through the second fiber optic splitter and is divided into two-way laser signal, wherein a road laser signal warp
Dual pathways Polarization instrument is entered from the first signal input port after 3rd single-mode polarization maintaining fiber；
By 2 μm laser of 0 order diffraction output port output of acousto-optic frequency shifters via the first fiber beam splitting
Being divided into two-way after device, wherein a road laser is through the secondary signal input port of dual pathways Polarization instrument
Enter dual pathways Polarization instrument；
Dual pathways Polarization instrument calculates respectively from the first signal input port and secondary signal input
The poincare sphere angle of cut of the laser signal of mouth input, and this poincare sphere angle of cut is changed into voltage letter
Number input to the driving means external drive signal as driving means, polaroid via the first coaxial cable
Rotate with 0.02 degree for stepping-in amount under the drive of driving means, until dual pathways Polarization instrument meter
The poincare sphere angle of cut obtained is equal to zero；
Via the second fiber optic splitter beam splitting second bundle laser after the 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, as light
First input signal of fine bundling device, restraints laser as optical fiber via the second of the first fiber optic splitter beam splitting
Second input signal of bundling device, the two-way input signal of optical-fiber bundling device is closed via optical-fiber bundling device and is restrainted into
One tunnel 2 μm laser signal, this laser beam directly interferes on the photosurface of photodiode, produces
Raw intermediate-freuqncy signal, this intermediate-freuqncy signal is input to oscillograph via coaxial cable and shows；Poincare sphere orientation
Angular difference is equal to the intermediate-freuqncy signal that the intermediate-freuqncy signal in zero moment is signal to noise ratio maximum.
The concrete calculating process of the described poincare sphere angle of cut is: make within dual pathways Polarization instrument
Poincare sphere radius is s0, from the first signal input port and the laser signal of secondary signal input port input
The point in poincare sphere coordinate in spherical coordinate system is respectively (s0, ψ, θ) and (s0, χ, θ), then ψ and χ is nation
Ball adding azimuth, the poincare sphere angle of cut is: ψ-χ.
Described beam shaping process is particularly as follows: regulate the polarization direction of λ/2 wave plate and monitor transmitted through polarization
Optical signal power after beam splitter prism, until this performance number maximum；Lens are positioned over from tail simultaneously
The reforming process to laser beam is realized at fine formula Green GRIN Lens light output end 60mm.
The input signal of described dual pathways Polarization instrument secondary signal input port and optical-fiber bundling device
The second input signal produce in the following way:
Laser signal produces branch laser through being arranged on the 3rd fiber optic splitter after 2 μm laser instrument
Signal, this branch laser signal produces branch laser signal, wherein a road after the first fiber optic splitter
Shunting sign is as the input signal of dual pathways Polarization instrument secondary signal input port, and another road is divided
Road signal is as the second input signal of optical-fiber bundling device.
The input signal of described dual pathways Polarization instrument secondary signal input port and optical-fiber bundling device
The second input signal produce in the following way:
Laser signal produces branch laser through being arranged on the 3rd fiber optic splitter after 2 μm laser instrument
Signal, a road branch laser signal after the 5th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber as optical-fiber bundling device second input
Signal, another road shunting sign is defeated after the input port by the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber and acousto-optic frequency shifters
Enter to acousto-optic frequency shifters；The voltage of regulating frequency modulation port is to 5.2V and radio-frequency power modulation port electricity
It is depressed into 1.0V, after reaching diffraction efficiency maximum, from 0 order diffraction port output, protects through the 6th single mode
As the input signal of dual pathways Polarization instrument secondary signal input port after polarisation fibre.
The input signal of described dual pathways Polarization instrument secondary signal input port and optical-fiber bundling device
The second input signal produce in the following way:
Laser signal produces branch laser through being arranged on the 3rd fiber optic splitter after 2 μm laser instrument
Signal, a road branch laser signal after the 8th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber as dual pathways Polarization instrument
The input signal of binary signal input port；
Another road shunting sign is defeated after the input port by the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber and acousto-optic frequency shifters
Enter to acousto-optic frequency shifters；The voltage of regulating frequency modulation port is to 5.2V and radio-frequency power modulation port electricity
It is depressed into 1.0V, after reaching diffraction efficiency maximum, from 0 order diffraction port output, protects through the 7th single mode
As the second input signal of optical-fiber bundling device after polarisation fibre.
The present invention compared with prior art provides the benefit that:
(1) present invention uses extinction ratio to be better than 1000:1, response spectrum scope is 650～2100nm lines
Property polaroid is as the analyzer of 2 μm echo laser signal light, and which has easy to adjust, spectrum
Response range width, 2 μm extinction coefficient highs；
(2) present invention uses dual pathways input polarization analyser to analyze reference local oscillator laser signal in real time
With the polarization state form of laser echo signal, providing input parameter for correction system, this method has energy
Enough polarization state situations of change analyzing reference local oscillator laser and laser echo signal the most in real time, can assist
System and the coupling of polarization state, carry with rectification for system polarization state coupling in terms of qualitative and quantitative two
For input parameter；
(3) present invention uses the reference local oscillator laser and echo laser signal exported by Polarization instrument
Poincare sphere polarization state parameter be analyzed, and analysis result is converted into motor driving electric current letter
Number, make the direction of rotation of step motor drive polaroid, finally realize the rectification to polarization state direction, carry
High system heterodyne efficiency, the feature of which is: system uses all-fiber closed loop, and system is simple
Compact, modularity integration mode, both ensure that quantum limit detectivity, enrich system merit simultaneously
Energy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system schematic of embodiment one；
Fig. 2 is the system schematic of embodiment two；
Fig. 3 is the system schematic of embodiment three；
Fig. 4 is the system schematic of embodiment four.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is further described in detail.
A kind of 2 mu m coherent anemometry laser radar polarization state couplings and rectification structure, be characterised by including:
2 μm laser instrument the 1, first single-mode polarization maintaining fibers 2, acousto-optic frequency shifters the 3, first fiber optic splitter 4,
Two single-mode polarization maintaining fibers 5, dual pathways Polarization instrument 6, tail-fiber type Green's GRIN Lens 7,
One coaxial cable 8, λ/2 wave plate 9, lens 10, polarization beam splitter prism 11, λ/4 wave plate 12, off-axis
Optical antenna 13, driving means 14, polaroid 15, coupled lens the 16, second fiber optic splitter 17,
Optical-fiber bundling device 18, photodiode the 19, second coaxial cable 20, oscillograph the 21, the 3rd single mode are protected
Polarisation fine 22 and the 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 23；
Acousto-optic frequency shifters 3 includes input port 3-1,1 order diffraction output port 3-2,0 order diffraction output
Port 3-3, frequency modulation(PFM) port 3-4 and radio-frequency power modulation port 3-5, dual pathways Polarization instrument
6 include the first signal input port 6-1 and secondary signal input port 6-2；
Embodiment one: the present embodiment is as it is shown in figure 1, laser signal launched by 2 μm laser instrument 1, logical
It is input to acousto-optic frequency shifters after crossing the input port 3-1 of the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 2 and acousto-optic frequency shifters 3
3；The voltage of regulating frequency modulation port 3-4 to 5.2V, radio-frequency power modulation port 3-5 voltage to 1.0V,
Acousto-optic frequency shifters 3 is made to reach diffraction efficiency maximum, from 0 order diffraction port 3-3 and 1 order diffraction port
3-2 exports two-way laser signal；The laser beam of 1 order diffraction port 3-2 output is through the second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber
The transmission of 5, after tail-fiber type Green's GRIN Lens 7 collimation that intercept is 0.23, forms relevant survey
Wind laser radar pulse signal；
After the coherent wind laser radar pulse signal beam shaping via λ/2 wave plate 9 and lens 10,
Becoming a diameter of 1～2mm, the angle of divergence is the laser beam of 1mrad, and the laser beam after shaping is through polarization point
After beam prism 11 and λ/4 wave plate 12, wired polarization signal becomes right-hand circular polarization signal, right-hand circular polarization
Signal enters into off-axis optics antenna 13, and laser beam is expanded and collimated by off-axis optics antenna 13
After journey, laser signal is transmitted into free space；
The laser signal being transmitted in free space reflects through atmospheric aerosol, produces back scattering laser letter
Number, this signal is Left-hand circular polarization laser；Left-hand circular polarization back scattering laser signal is by off-axis optics sky
Line 13 receives tailing edge original optical path and returns, and after λ/4 wave plate 12, polarization state is become from Left-hand circular polarization
Linearly polarized laser, and its polarization direction have rotated 90 degree, is reflected by polarization beam splitter prism 11；
Through polarization beam splitter prism 11 reflect after laser beam after the polaroid 15 in over-driving device 14,
Coupled lens 16 couple, and are then passed through the second fiber optic splitter 17 and are divided into two-way laser signal, wherein
One road laser signal enters bilateral from the first signal input port 6-1 after the 3rd single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 22
Road Polarization instrument 6；
By 2 μm laser of 0 order diffraction output port 3-3 output of acousto-optic frequency shifters 3 via the first optical fiber
Being divided into two-way after beam splitter 4, wherein a road laser is through the secondary signal of dual pathways Polarization instrument 6
Input port 6-2 enters dual pathways Polarization instrument 6；
Dual pathways Polarization instrument 6 calculates defeated from the first signal input port 6-1 and secondary signal respectively
The poincare sphere angle of cut of the laser signal of inbound port 6-2 input, and poincare sphere azimuth difference is changed
The driving means 14 outside as driving means 14 is inputed to via the first coaxial cable 8 for voltage signal
Driving signal, polaroid 15 rotates with 0.02 degree for stepping-in amount under the drive of motor 14, directly
To the calculated poincare sphere angle of cut of dual pathways Polarization instrument 6 equal to zero；Described poincare sphere side
The concrete calculating process of parallactic angle difference is: making the poincare sphere radius within dual pathways Polarization instrument 6 is s0,
From the laser signal of the first signal input port 6-1 and secondary signal input port 6-2 input in poincare sphere
On some coordinate in spherical coordinate system be respectively (s0, ψ, θ) and (s0, χ, θ), then ψ and χ is poincare sphere orientation
Angle, the poincare sphere angle of cut is: ψ-χ；
Via the second fiber optic splitter 17 beam splitting second bundle laser after the 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 23,
As the first input signal of optical-fiber bundling device 18, via the second bundle of the first fiber optic splitter 4 beam splitting
Laser is as the second input signal of optical-fiber bundling device 18, the two-way input signal warp of optical-fiber bundling device 18
Being closed Shu Chengyi road 2 μm laser signal by optical-fiber bundling device 18, this laser beam is directly and photodiode 19
Photosurface on interfere, produce intermediate-freuqncy signal, this intermediate-freuqncy signal is input to via coaxial cable 20
Oscillograph 21 shows；The poincare sphere angle of cut is that signal to noise ratio is maximum equal to the intermediate-freuqncy signal in zero moment
Intermediate-freuqncy signal.
Embodiment two: the present embodiment is as in figure 2 it is shown, laser signal launched by 2 μm laser instrument 1, logical
Crossing the 3rd fiber optic splitter 24 and produce branch laser signal, wherein a road shunting sign is through acousto-optic frequency translation
It is input to acousto-optic frequency shifters 3 after the input port 3-1 of device 3；The voltage of regulating frequency modulation port 3-4
To 5.2V, radio-frequency power modulation port 3-5 voltage, to 1.0V, makes acousto-optic frequency shifters 3 reach diffraction effect
Rate maximum, exports a road laser signal from 1 order diffraction port 3-2；This laser beam is protected through the second single mode
The transmission of polarisation fibre 5, after tail-fiber type Green's GRIN Lens 7 collimation that intercept is 0.23, shape
Become coherent wind laser radar pulse signal；
After the coherent wind laser radar pulse signal beam shaping via λ/2 wave plate 9 and lens 10,
Becoming a diameter of 1～2mm, the angle of divergence is the laser beam of 1mrad, and the laser beam after shaping is through polarization point
Right-hand circular polarization signal, right-hand circular polarization is become from linear polarization signal after beam prism 11 and λ/4 wave plate 12
Signal enters into off-axis optics antenna 13, and laser beam is expanded and collimated by off-axis optics antenna 13
After journey, laser signal is transmitted into free space；
The laser signal being transmitted in free space reflects through atmospheric aerosol, produces back scattering laser letter
Number, this signal is Left-hand circular polarization laser；Left-hand circular polarization back scattering laser signal is by off-axis optics sky
Line 13 receives tailing edge original optical path and returns, and after λ/4 wave plate 12, polarization state is become from Left-hand circular polarization
Linearly polarized laser, and its polarization direction have rotated 90 degree, is reflected by polarization beam splitter prism 11；
Laser beam after polarization beam splitter prism 11 reflects is through the driving means 14 with polaroid 15
After, coupled lens 16 couple, and are then passed through the second fiber optic splitter 17 and are divided into two-way laser signal,
Wherein a road laser signal enters from the first signal input port 6-1 after the 3rd single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 22
Dual pathways Polarization instrument 6；
Another road laser signal that 3rd fiber optic splitter 24 produces is via after the first fiber optic splitter 4 point
Becoming two-way, wherein a road laser is through the secondary signal input port 6-2 of dual pathways Polarization instrument 6
Enter dual pathways Polarization instrument 6；
Dual pathways Polarization instrument 6 calculates defeated from the first signal input port 6-1 and secondary signal respectively
The poincare sphere angle of cut of the laser signal of inbound port 6-2 input, and poincare sphere azimuth difference is changed
The driving means 14 outside as driving means 14 is inputed to via the first coaxial cable 8 for voltage signal
Driving signal, polaroid 15 rotates with 0.02 degree for stepping-in amount under the drive of motor 14, directly
To the calculated poincare sphere angle of cut of dual pathways Polarization instrument 6 equal to zero；Described poincare sphere side
The concrete calculating process of parallactic angle difference is: making the poincare sphere radius within dual pathways Polarization instrument 6 is s0,
From the laser signal of the first signal input port 6-1 and secondary signal input port 6-2 input in poincare sphere
On some coordinate in spherical coordinate system be respectively (s0, ψ, θ) and (s0, χ, θ), then ψ and χ is poincare sphere orientation
Angle, the poincare sphere angle of cut is: ψ-χ；
Via the second fiber optic splitter 17 beam splitting second bundle laser after the 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 23,
As the first input signal of optical-fiber bundling device 18, via the second bundle of the first fiber optic splitter 4 beam splitting
Laser is as the second input signal of optical-fiber bundling device 18, the two-way input signal warp of optical-fiber bundling device 18
Being closed Shu Chengyi road 2 μm laser signal by optical-fiber bundling device 18, this laser beam is directly and photodiode 19
Photosurface on interfere, produce intermediate-freuqncy signal, this intermediate-freuqncy signal is input to via coaxial cable 20
Oscillograph 21 shows；The poincare sphere angle of cut is that signal to noise ratio is maximum equal to the intermediate-freuqncy signal in zero moment
Intermediate-freuqncy signal.
Embodiment three: present embodiment is as it is shown on figure 3, laser signal launched by 2 μm laser instrument 1, logical
Crossing the 3rd fiber optic splitter 24 and produce branch laser signal, wherein a road shunting sign is through acousto-optic frequency translation
It is input to acousto-optic frequency shifters 3 after the input port 3-1 of device 3；The voltage of regulating frequency modulation port 3-4
To 5.2V, radio-frequency power modulation port 3-5 voltage, to 1.0V, makes acousto-optic frequency shifters 3 reach diffraction effect
Rate maximum, exports two-way laser signal from 0 order diffraction port 3-3 and 1 order diffraction port 3-2；1
The laser beam of order diffraction port 3-2 output, through the transmission of the second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 5, via intercept is
After tail-fiber type Green's GRIN Lens 7 collimation of 0.23, form coherent wind laser radar pulse signal；
After the coherent wind laser radar pulse signal beam shaping via λ/2 wave plate 9 and lens 10,
Becoming a diameter of 1～2mm, the angle of divergence is the laser beam of 1mrad, and the laser beam after shaping is through polarization point
Right-hand circular polarization signal, right-hand circular polarization is become from linear polarization signal after beam prism 11 and λ/4 wave plate 12
Signal enters into off-axis optics antenna 13, and laser beam is expanded and collimated by off-axis optics antenna 13
After journey, laser signal is transmitted into free space；
The laser signal being transmitted in free space reflects through atmospheric aerosol, produces back scattering laser letter
Number, this signal is Left-hand circular polarization laser；Left-hand circular polarization back scattering laser signal is by off-axis optics sky
Line 13 receives tailing edge original optical path and returns, and after λ/4 wave plate 12, polarization state is become from Left-hand circular polarization
Linearly polarized laser, and its polarization direction have rotated 90 degree, is reflected by polarization beam splitter prism 11；
Laser beam after polarization beam splitter prism 11 reflects is through the driving means 14 with polaroid 15
After, coupled lens 16 couple, and are then passed through the second fiber optic splitter 17 and are divided into two-way laser signal,
Wherein a road laser signal enters from the first signal input port 6-1 after the 3rd single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 22
Dual pathways Polarization instrument 6, an other road is as the laser echo signal during coherent detection；
By 2 μm laser of 0 order diffraction output port 3-3 output of acousto-optic frequency shifters 3 via the 6th single mode
After polarization maintaining optical fibre 26, the secondary signal input port 6-2 through dual pathways Polarization instrument 6 enters double
Passage Polarization instrument 6；
Dual pathways Polarization instrument 6 calculates defeated from the first signal input port 6-1 and secondary signal respectively
The poincare sphere angle of cut of the laser signal of inbound port 6-2 input, and poincare sphere azimuth difference is changed
The driving means 14 outside as driving means 14 is inputed to via the first coaxial cable 8 for voltage signal
Driving signal, polaroid 15 rotates with 0.02 degree for stepping-in amount under the drive of motor 14, directly
To the calculated poincare sphere angle of cut of dual pathways Polarization instrument 6 equal to zero；Described poincare sphere side
The concrete calculating process of parallactic angle difference is: making the poincare sphere radius within dual pathways Polarization instrument 6 is s0,
From the laser signal of the first signal input port 6-1 and secondary signal input port 6-2 input in poincare sphere
On some coordinate in spherical coordinate system be respectively (s0, ψ, θ) and (s0, χ, θ), then ψ and χ is poincare sphere orientation
Angle, the poincare sphere angle of cut is: ψ-χ；
Via the second fiber optic splitter 17 beam splitting second bundle laser after the 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 23,
As the first input signal of optical-fiber bundling device 18, another road branch that the 3rd fiber optic splitter 24 produces
Laser signal, as the second input signal of optical-fiber bundling device 18 after the 5th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 25,
The two-way input signal of optical-fiber bundling device 18 closes Shu Chengyi road 2 μm laser letter via optical-fiber bundling device 18
Number, this laser beam directly interferes on the photosurface of photodiode 19, produces intermediate-freuqncy signal,
This intermediate-freuqncy signal is input to oscillograph 21 via coaxial cable 20 and shows；The poincare sphere angle of cut etc.
Intermediate-freuqncy signal in zero moment is the intermediate-freuqncy signal that signal to noise ratio is maximum.
Embodiment four: as shown in Figure 4, laser signal launched by 2 μm laser instrument 1 to present embodiment is logical
Crossing the 3rd fiber optic splitter 24 and produce branch laser signal, wherein a road branch laser signal moves through acousto-optic
Frequently it is input to acousto-optic frequency shifters 3 after the input port 3-1 of device 3；The electricity of regulating frequency modulation port 3-4
It is depressed into 5.2V and radio-frequency power modulation port 3-5 voltage to 1.0V, reaches diffraction efficiency maximum, from
0 order diffraction port 3-3 and 1 order diffraction port 3-2 exports two-way laser signal；1 order diffraction port 3-2
The laser beam of output is through the transmission of the second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 5, via the tail-fiber type lattice that intercept is 0.23
After woods GRIN Lens 7 collimation, form coherent wind laser radar pulse signal；
After the coherent wind laser radar pulse signal beam shaping via λ/2 wave plate 9 and lens 10,
Becoming a diameter of 1～2mm, the angle of divergence is the laser beam of 1mrad, and the laser beam after shaping is through polarization point
Right-hand circular polarization signal, right-hand circular polarization is become from linear polarization signal after beam prism 11 and λ/4 wave plate 12
Signal enters into off-axis optics antenna 13, and laser beam is expanded and collimated by off-axis optics antenna 13
After journey, laser signal is transmitted into free space；
The laser signal being transmitted in free space reflects through atmospheric aerosol, produces back scattering laser letter
Number, this signal is Left-hand circular polarization laser；Left-hand circular polarization back scattering laser signal is by off-axis optics sky
Line 13 receives tailing edge original optical path and returns, and after λ/4 wave plate 12, polarization state is become from Left-hand circular polarization
Linearly polarized laser, and its polarization direction have rotated 90 degree, is reflected by polarization beam splitter prism 11；
Laser beam after polarization beam splitter prism 11 reflects is through the driving means 14 with polaroid 15
After, coupled lens 16 couple, and are then passed through the second fiber optic splitter 17 and are divided into two-way laser signal,
Wherein a road laser signal enters from the first signal input port 6-1 after the 3rd single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 22
Dual pathways Polarization instrument 6, an other road is as the laser echo signal during coherent detection；
Another road shunting sign of 3rd fiber optic splitter 24 after the 8th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 28 through double
The secondary signal input port 6-2 of passage Polarization instrument 6 enters dual pathways Polarization instrument 6；
Dual pathways Polarization instrument 6 calculates defeated from the first signal input port 6-1 and secondary signal respectively
The poincare sphere angle of cut of the laser signal of inbound port 6-2 input, and poincare sphere azimuth difference is changed
The driving means 14 outside as driving means 14 is inputed to via the first coaxial cable 8 for voltage signal
Driving signal, polaroid 15 rotates with 0.02 degree for stepping-in amount under the drive of motor 14, directly
To the calculated poincare sphere angle of cut of dual pathways Polarization instrument 6 equal to zero；Described poincare sphere side
The concrete calculating process of parallactic angle difference is: making the poincare sphere radius within dual pathways Polarization instrument 6 is s0,
From the laser signal of the first signal input port 6-1 and secondary signal input port 6-2 input in poincare sphere
On some coordinate in spherical coordinate system be respectively (s0, ψ, θ) and (s0, χ, θ), then ψ and χ is poincare sphere orientation
Angle, the poincare sphere angle of cut is: ψ-χ；
Via the second fiber optic splitter 17 beam splitting second bundle laser after the 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 23,
As the first input signal of optical-fiber bundling device 18, another road shunting sign of the 3rd fiber optic splitter 24
It is input to acousto-optic frequency translation after input port 3-1 by the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 2 and acousto-optic frequency shifters 3
Device 3；The voltage of regulating frequency modulation port 3-4 is to 5.2V and radio-frequency power modulation port 3-5 voltage extremely
1.0V, after reaching diffraction efficiency maximum, from 0 order diffraction port 3-3 output, protects partially through the 7th single mode
As the second input signal of optical-fiber bundling device 18 after optical fiber 27, the two-way input of optical-fiber bundling device 18
Signal closes Shu Chengyi road 2 μm laser signal via optical-fiber bundling device 18, and this laser beam is directly and photoelectricity two
Interfering on the photosurface of pole pipe 19, produce intermediate-freuqncy signal, this intermediate-freuqncy signal is via coaxial cable 20
It is input to oscillograph 21 show；The poincare sphere angle of cut is noise equal to the intermediate-freuqncy signal in zero moment
Than maximum intermediate-freuqncy signal.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known of professional and technical personnel in the field
Technology.
Claims (6)
1. a mu m coherent anemometry laser radar polarization state coupling and rectification structure, it is characterised in that bag
Include: 2 μm laser instrument (1), the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (2), acousto-optic frequency shifters (3), first
Fiber optic splitter (4), the second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (5), dual pathways Polarization instrument (6),
Tail-fiber type Green's GRIN Lens (7), the first coaxial cable (8), λ/2 wave plate (9), lens (10),
Polarization beam splitter prism (11), λ/4 wave plate (12), off-axis optics antenna (13), driving means (14),
Polaroid (15), coupled lens (16), the second fiber optic splitter (17), optical-fiber bundling device (18),
Photodiode (19), the second coaxial cable (20), oscillograph (21), the 3rd single mode protect polarisation
Fine (22) and the 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (23)；
Acousto-optic frequency shifters (3) include input port (3-1), 1 order diffraction output port (3-2), 0
Order diffraction output port (3-3), frequency modulation(PFM) port (3-4) and radio-frequency power modulation port (3-5),
Dual pathways Polarization instrument (6) includes the first signal input port (6-1) and secondary signal input
Mouth (6-2)；
Laser signal launched by 2 μm laser instrument (1), is moved by the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (2) and acousto-optic
Frequently it is input to acousto-optic frequency shifters (3) after the input port (3-1) of device (3)；By modulation port (3-4)
Voltage-regulation to 5.2V, radio-frequency power modulation port (3-5) voltage modulated, to 1.0V, is made acousto-optic
Frequency shifter (3) reaches diffraction efficiency maximum, from 0 order diffraction port (3-3) and 1 order diffraction port
(3-2) output two-way laser signal；The laser beam that 1 order diffraction port (3-2) exports is through the second single mode
The transmission of polarization maintaining optical fibre (5), accurate via tail-fiber type Green's GRIN Lens (7) that intercept is 0.23
After Zhi, form coherent wind laser radar pulse signal；
Coherent wind laser radar pulse signal is whole via the light beam of λ/2 wave plate (9) and lens (10)
After shape, becoming a diameter of 1～2mm, the angle of divergence is the laser beam of 1mrad, the laser beam warp after shaping
Right-hand circular polarization signal is become from linear polarization signal after polarization beam splitter prism (11) and λ/4 wave plate (12),
Right-hand circular polarization signal enters into off-axis optics antenna (13), and off-axis optics antenna (13) is to laser beam
Carry out expanding, after alignment procedure, laser signal is transmitted into free space；
The laser signal being transmitted in free space reflects through big aerosol, produces back scattering laser letter
Number, back scattering laser signal is Left-hand circular polarization laser；Left-hand circular polarization back scattering laser signal quilt
Off-axis optics antenna (13) receives and after λ/4 wave plate (12), and polarization state is become by Left-hand circular polarization
For linearly polarized laser, and its polarization direction have rotated 90 degree, is reflected by polarization beam splitter prism (11)；
The laser beam after polarization beam splitter prism (11) reflects polaroid in over-driving device (14)
(15), after, coupled lens (16) couple, and are then passed through the second fiber optic splitter (17) and are divided into two
Road laser signal, wherein a road laser signal is defeated from the first signal after the 3rd single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (22)
Inbound port (6-1) enters dual pathways Polarization instrument (6)；
The 2 μm laser exported by 0 order diffraction output port (3-3) of acousto-optic frequency shifters (3) are via
One fiber optic splitter is divided into two-way after (4), and wherein a road laser is through dual pathways Polarization instrument (6)
Secondary signal input port (6-2) enter dual pathways Polarization instrument (6)；
Dual pathways Polarization instrument (6) calculates respectively from the first signal input port (6-1) and second
The poincare sphere angle of cut of the laser signal that signal input port (6-2) inputs, and by this poincare sphere side
Parallactic angle difference is changed into voltage signal and inputs to driving means (14) conduct via the first coaxial cable (8)
The external drive signal of driving means (14), polaroid (15) is under the drive of driving means (14)
Rotate with 0.02 degree for stepping-in amount, until dual pathways Polarization instrument (6) calculated poincare sphere
The angle of cut is equal to zero；
Laser is restrainted through the 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (23) via the second of the second fiber optic splitter (17) beam splitting
After, as the first input signal of optical-fiber bundling device (18), via the first fiber optic splitter (4) point
Second bundle laser of bundle is as the second input signal of optical-fiber bundling device (18), optical-fiber bundling device (18)
Two-way input signal close Shu Chengyi road 2 μm laser signal, this laser via optical-fiber bundling device (18)
Bundle directly interferes on the photosurface of photodiode (19), produces intermediate-freuqncy signal, and this intermediate frequency is believed
Number being input to oscillograph (21) via coaxial cable (20) shows；The poincare sphere angle of cut is equal to
The intermediate-freuqncy signal in zero moment is the intermediate-freuqncy signal that signal to noise ratio is maximum.
A kind of 2 mu m coherent anemometry laser radar polarization state couplings the most according to claim 1 are with strong
Positive structure, it is characterised in that: the concrete calculating process of the described poincare sphere angle of cut is: make the dual pathways inclined
The poincare sphere radius of polarization state analyser (6) inside is s0, from the first signal input port (6-1) and
The laser signal that binary signal input port (6-2) the inputs point in poincare sphere seat in spherical coordinate system
Mark is respectively (s0, ψ, θ) and (s0, χ, θ), then ψ and χ is poincare sphere azimuth, and the poincare sphere angle of cut is:
ψ-χ。
A kind of 2 mu m coherent anemometry laser radar polarization state couplings the most according to claim 1 are with strong
Positive structure, it is characterised in that: described beam shaping process is particularly as follows: regulate the inclined of λ/2 wave plate (9)
Shake direction monitor transmitted through the optical signal power after polarization beam splitter prism (11), until this performance number is
Till great；Lens (10) are positioned over from tail-fiber type Green's GRIN Lens (7) light output end simultaneously
The reforming process to laser beam is realized at 60mm.
A kind of 2 mu m coherent anemometry laser radar polarization state couplings the most according to claim 1 are with strong
Positive structure, it is characterised in that: described dual pathways Polarization instrument (6) secondary signal input port (6-2)
Input signal and the second input signal of optical-fiber bundling device (18) produce in the following way:
Laser signal produces through being arranged on the 3rd fiber optic splitter (24) after 2 μm laser instrument (1)
Road estranged laser signal, this branch laser signal produces branch after the first fiber optic splitter (4) and swashs
Optical signal, wherein a road shunting sign is as dual pathways Polarization instrument (6) secondary signal input
The input signal of mouth (6-2), another road shunting sign is as the second input of optical-fiber bundling device (18)
Signal.
A kind of 2 mu m coherent anemometry laser radar polarization state couplings the most according to claim 1 are with strong
Positive structure, it is characterised in that: described dual pathways Polarization instrument (6) secondary signal input port (6-2)
Input signal and the second input signal of optical-fiber bundling device (18) produce in the following way:
Laser signal produces through being arranged on the 3rd fiber optic splitter (24) after 2 μm laser instrument (1)
Road estranged laser signal, a road branch laser signal after the 5th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (25) as optical fiber
Second input signal of bundling device (18), another road shunting sign passes through the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (2)
Be input to acousto-optic frequency shifters (3) after the input port (3-1) of acousto-optic frequency shifters (3)；Regulation frequency
The voltage of rate modulation port (3-4) to 5.2V and radio-frequency power modulation port (3-5) voltage to 1.0V,
After reaching diffraction efficiency maximum, from 0 order diffraction port (3-3) output, protect polarisation through the 6th single mode
As the input of dual pathways Polarization instrument (6) secondary signal input port (6-2) after fine (26)
Signal.
A kind of 2 mu m coherent anemometry laser radar polarization state couplings the most according to claim 1 are with strong
Positive structure, it is characterised in that: described dual pathways Polarization instrument (6) secondary signal input port (6-2)
Input signal and the second input signal of optical-fiber bundling device (18) produce in the following way:
Laser signal produces through being arranged on the 3rd fiber optic splitter (24) after 2 μm laser instrument (1)
Road estranged laser signal, a road branch laser signal after the 8th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (28) as bilateral
The input signal in road Polarization instrument (6) secondary signal input port (6-2)；
Another road shunting sign passes through the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (2) and the input of acousto-optic frequency shifters (3)
Acousto-optic frequency shifters (3) it is input to after port (3-1)；The voltage of regulating frequency modulation port (3-4)
To 5.2V and radio-frequency power modulation port (3-5) voltage to 1.0V, after reaching diffraction efficiency maximum,
From 0 order diffraction port (3-3) output, as optical-fiber bundling after the 7th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (27)
Second input signal of device (18).
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| CN106199559B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-09-07 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of while atmospheric sounding wind speed and depolarization ratio coherent laser radar |
| CN106291508B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-07-03 | 北京空间机电研究所 | A kind of near infrared band is applicable in coherent wind laser radar relay optical system |
| CN110780310B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-14 | 杭州爱莱达科技有限公司 | Polarization diversity dual-channel speed measuring and distance measuring coherent laser radar measuring method and device |
| CN112945083A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Parallel phase shift digital holographic microscopic imaging system with optical fiber interconnection |
| CN117949934B (en) * | 2024-03-27 | 2024-06-04 | 南京信息工程大学 | Coherent wind lidar echo signal calibration system and design method |
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