CN104133000A - Material corrosion detection apparatus and method - Google Patents
Material corrosion detection apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104133000A CN104133000A CN201410311454.0A CN201410311454A CN104133000A CN 104133000 A CN104133000 A CN 104133000A CN 201410311454 A CN201410311454 A CN 201410311454A CN 104133000 A CN104133000 A CN 104133000A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a material corrosion detection apparatus and a method. The apparatus comprises an acoustic emission sensor, a preamplifier, a filter, a main amplifier, a buffer memory, a signal detection apparatus, a signal processing unit and a display apparatus; the emission sensor is connected to the preamplifier, the filter, the main amplifier, the buffer memory, the signal detection apparatus and the signal processing unit in order, and the signal processing unit is connected to the display apparatus through a multipath channel. According to the invention, under the condition that the detected material is not damaged, internal released energy is monitored, and the characteristic of corrosion and fracture of the material can be determined through the energy signal. The apparatus and method can detect the corrosion status of the material through the energy released in induction corrosion induction rupture and release energy characteristic. Corrosion of the material and the products formed through corrosion can be determined according to the frequency and amplitude of the measured signal. Corrosion rate and corrosion amount of the reaction material can be determined through V2s value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of material corrosion pick-up unit and method, the corrosion that is specially adapted to the metal material of metal material and surface coverage matcoveredn detects.
Background technology
Corrosion is a kind of spontaneous phenomenon often running in people's production practices and life, and especially metal erosion problem is very general.The harm that corrosion causes to the mankind and loss even exceed the summation of the disasteies such as disaster caused by a windstorm, fire, floods and earthquake.Have data to show, the loss causing because of corrosion at least can account for 1.25% of gross national product (GNP).
The loss that corrosion causes metal material is quite serious.Metal all may corrode in various environment.The metal material iron and steel generally using at present, is produced iron rust because corroding, and causes much equipment to be scrapped prematurely, can not use.Have data to show, the whole world causes the iron and steel of scrapping up to 1/3rd of total production due to corrosion every year, wherein approximately has 1/3rd can not recycle.
Steel are not only engulfed in corrosion in a large number, cause the damage of equipment due to the corrosion in production run simultaneously, and not only contaminated environment, even catches fire, explodes, thereby cause factory building, machinery and equipment destruction, lead to serious accident.Particularly petrochemical complex production technology is in High Temperature High Pressure situation, and corrosive medium is strong, and harmfulness is larger, directly threat personnel's healthy and life security, this not only can cause huge economic loss, but also may cause heavy personnel casualty accidents, has seriously damaged social benefit.Therefore corrosion is a great unsafe factor in production run.
Therefore, exploitation is the generation of test material corrosion effectively, and the method for extent of corrosion is very important.For this reason, develop at present the detection method of multiple corrosion, as dissolved gas measurement in hanging slice method, resistance electrode method, linear polarization method, ultrasonic thickness test method, water etc.But all directly corrosion rate and etching extents of the detected material of the measurement of qualitative, quantitative of these methods.
Summary of the invention
The defect existing for prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of material corrosion pick-up unit and method, and the corrosion that is specially adapted to the metal material of metal material and surface coverage matcoveredn (as: paint) detects.
For achieving the above object, design of the present invention is:
In the time that metal material is subject to the pressure of extraneous mechanical load, even material itself does not damage, but its inside and outside variation that continuous structure feature all likely can occur.Material is because the energy that the variation of inner structural features discharges shows with the form of " stress wave " conventionally, as R wave.And the detection of this " stress wave " provides a practical method for detecting material internal structure change.Not yet find at present the internal structure change that any method can detecting material.The corrosion of material (as: metal) also can discharge small energy, this energy also exists with the form of " stress wave ", and corrosion causes material structure to change " stress wave " that institute's produce power discharges, and its feature class is similar to " stress wave " that mechanical pressure causes.
According to above-mentioned design, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of material corrosion pick-up unit, comprises calibrate AE sensor, prime amplifier, filtrator, main amplifier, memory buffer, signal detecting device, signal processing unit and display device; Described emission sensor connects prime amplifier successively, filtrator, and main amplifier, memory buffer, signal detecting device, signal processing unit, described signal processing unit is connected to display device by multiplexer channel.
Described signal detecting device comprises the first multiplexer, frequency filter, amplitude threshold filtrator, data storage cell and the second multiplexer; Described the first multiplexer is divided into some passages, each passage is connected with respectively a frequency filter and an amplitude threshold filtrator successively, described amplitude threshold filtrator connects an independently data-carrier store, some data-carrier store composition data storage cells, the some passages after described data storage cell are connected on the second multiplexer.
Described signal processing unit comprises low-pass filter, amplifier, signal averager, amplitude threshold detecting device, clock, voltage-controlled oscillator, counter, low-pass filter connects amplifier, signal averager successively described in the 3rd multiplexer, amplitude threshold detecting device, voltage-controlled oscillator, counter, the 3rd multiplexer, described clock connects amplitude threshold detecting device, voltage-controlled oscillator.
A kind of material corrosion detection method, in the situation that not damaging detected material, monitors the energy that its inside discharges, and judges the characteristic of the corrosion cracking of material by this energy signal, has following steps:
1) described calibrate AE sensor is connected on detected material by acoustics couplant, and in the time that material is corroded, its inside can give off energy, and this energy shows by the form of ultrasonic signal; This ultrasonic signal is received by calibrate AE sensor, and convert voltage analog signal to and be exaggerated by prime amplifier, then remove the low-frequency noise in voltage analog signal by filtrator, the voltage analog signal of removing after noise further amplifies by main amplifier, and the voltage analog signal after amplification is stored in memory buffer; The voltage analog signal being stored in memory buffer is transferred in signal detecting device;
2) in signal detecting device, voltage analog signal is divided into some passages by the first multiplexer, and each passage is for detection of the unlike signal producing in metallic material corrosion process; Select by the signal of characteristic frequency and particular amplitude scope by described frequency filter and amplitude threshold filtrator, to identify respectively different corrosion products; Signal after detection is transported to the second multiplexer by data storage cell, then entering signal processing unit;
3) signal that described signal processing unit is received removes by filter background noise by low-pass filter, then by amplifier processing, obtains the signal V of voltage amplitude square
2, wherein V refers to the total voltage signal producing in the duration of breaking in seconds; Signal is adjusted by signal averager, and by amplitude threshold detecting device analytic signal amplitude threshold, in the time that signal reaches critical value, clock is opened, and when lower than critical value, clock is closed; Be greater than the voltage-controlled oscillator of signal handling of threshold value, the triangular pulse signal of generation and threshold signal equivalent negative sense, counter is pulse signals counting within the unit interval, obtains V proportional to each signal energy
2s numerical value; Count signal, by the 3rd multiplexer, is divided into some passages and outputs in display device; Described the second multiplexer and the 3rd multiplexer are synchronous, can accurately judge the reason of signal attenuation.Described the 3rd multiplexer is divided into some passages and outputs to display device, and wherein the pad value of each signal represents respectively metal erosion product, and quantity and the speed of surface coating decomposition, thereby judges the feature of corrosion cracking.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following outstanding substantive distinguishing features and significant advantage:
Apparatus of the present invention and method are corroded and are induced the break energy of middle release and the feature releasing energy, the corrosion condition of test material (as: scribbling the ferrous material of painting layer) by induction.Frequency and amplitude by measured signal can judge whether material corrosion occurs and corrode the product forming.Pass through V
2the mensuration of s numerical value can reaction material corrosion rate and etching extent.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is signal detecting device schematic diagram in apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is signal processing unit schematic diagram in apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the inventive method is processed ultrasonic signal program.
Fig. 5 is oxide that under room temperature condition of the present invention, the corrosion experiment of iron material in water environment obtains and the calibration curve of time.
Fig. 6 be with Fig. 5 same experimental conditions under the V that obtains
2the calibration curve of s numerical value and time.
Fig. 7 is that metal material of the present invention corrodes the amount of the metal oxide (corrosion product) producing and the calibration curve of time under physical environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of material corrosion pick-up unit, comprises calibrate AE sensor 1, prime amplifier 4, filtrator 5, main amplifier 6, memory buffer 7, signal detecting device 2, signal processing unit 3 and display device; Described emission sensor 1 connects prime amplifier 4 successively, filtrator 5, and main amplifier 6, memory buffer 7, signal detecting device 2, signal processing unit 3, described signal processing unit 3 is connected to display device by multiplexer channel.
As shown in Figure 2, described signal detecting device 2 comprises the first multiplexer 8, frequency filter 12, amplitude threshold filtrator 13, data storage cell 15 and the second multiplexer 16; Described the first multiplexer 8 is divided into three passages, each passage is connected with respectively a frequency filter 12 and an amplitude threshold filtrator 13 successively, described amplitude threshold filtrator 13 connects an independently data-carrier store 14, some data-carrier stores 14 form data storage cell 15, and three passages after described data storage cell 15 are connected on the second multiplexer 16.
As shown in Figure 3, described signal processing unit 3 comprises low-pass filter 17, amplifier 18, signal averager 19, amplitude threshold detecting device 20, clock 21, voltage-controlled oscillator 22, counter 23, the three multiplexers 24; Described low-pass filter 17 connects amplifier 18 successively, signal averager 19, and amplitude threshold detecting device 20, voltage-controlled oscillator 22, counter 23, the three multiplexers 24, described clock 21 connects amplitude threshold detecting device 20, voltage-controlled oscillator 22.
A kind of material corrosion detection method, in the situation that not damaging detected material, monitors the energy that its inside discharges, and judges the characteristic of the corrosion cracking of material by this energy signal, has following steps:
1) described calibrate AE sensor 1 is voltage or condenser type, is connected on detected material by acoustics couplant, and in the time that material is corroded, its inside can give off energy, and this energy can show by the form of ultrasonic signal.This ultrasonic signal is received by calibrate AE sensor 1, and convert voltage analog signal to and be exaggerated by prime amplifier 4, its amplification coefficient is 40 decibels of volts, then remove the low-frequency noise in voltage analog signal by filtrator 5, the voltage analog signal of removing after noise further amplifies by main amplifier 6, its amplification coefficient is 54 decibels of volts, and so far signal is exaggerated 94 decibels of volts altogether, and the voltage analog signal after amplification is stored in memory buffer 7; The voltage analog signal being stored in memory buffer 7 is transferred in signal detecting device 2;
2) in signal detecting device 2, voltage analog signal is divided into three passages by the first multiplexer 8, and each passage is for detection of the unlike signal producing in metallic material corrosion process, and wherein, passage 9 is for detection of Fe
2o
3signal, path 10 is for detection of Fe
3o
4signal, the signal that passage 11 decomposes for detection of coating; Select by the signal of characteristic frequency and particular amplitude scope by described frequency filter 12 and amplitude threshold filtrator 13, to identify respectively different corrosion products; Signal after detection is transported to the second multiplexer 16, then entering signal processing unit 3 by data storage cell 15;
3) signal that described signal processing unit 3 is received is as shown in Fig. 4 a.Signal removes by filter background noise by low-pass filter 17, then processes by amplifier 18, obtains the signal V of voltage amplitude square
2, wherein V refers to the total voltage signal producing in the duration of breaking in seconds, as shown in Figure 4 b; Signal is adjusted by signal averager 19, by amplitude threshold detecting device 20 analytic signal amplitude thresholds, obtains the signal as shown in the dotted line top of threshold value in Fig. 4 c.In the time that signal reaches critical value, clock 21 is opened, and when lower than critical value, clock 21 is closed, and its critical value is as shown in Fig. 4 d; Be greater than the voltage-controlled oscillator 22 of signal handling of threshold value, the triangular pulse signal of generation and threshold signal equivalent negative sense, typical pulse signal is as shown in Fig. 4 e; Counter 23 is pulse signals counting within the unit interval, obtains V proportional to each signal energy
2s numerical value; Count signal, by the 3rd multiplexer 24, is divided into three passages and outputs to display device 25,26,27.The difference of each signal attenuation value can be respectively owing to Fe
2o
3, Fe
3o
4generation, and coating decomposes and causes; Described the second multiplexer 16 and the 3rd multiplexer 24 are synchronous, can accurately judge the reason of signal attenuation.
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the uncovered wrought iron in Curve selection surface is as test sample.Can find out V from curve
2the amount that forms oxide in s and corrosion is proportional.Can pass through formula V
2s=K
1+ K
2x calculates, and wherein X represents the amount of oxide, K
1and K
2it is constant.This formula is applicable to the sample of iron content, as mild carbon steel.In actual use, this formula is applicable to all metal materials.Therefore under known conditions, record calibration curve, just can calculate V by area
2the numerical value of s, thus the oxidized amount of material of a period of time obtained.And the V that can obtain by curve
2s numerical evaluation goes out the speed of material oxidation corrosion in different time.
The oxide aggregate that this method produces in can Accurate Determining corrosion process and current corrosion rate:
First to obtain the calibration curve as Fig. 7.Set up after this effective calibration curve, just can under the different time intervals, measure V
2s value, under most of occasion, be six hours or longer the interval time of its mensuration.Certainly can be also unit this interval time in week.In test of the present invention, A is carried out to matching to the data point of F, obtain calibration curve as shown in Figure 7.By calculating, the V of last some F from curve
2s numerical value can be determined the total amount of corrosion, and from this aspect, tangent slope can obtain the speed of corrosion.
The present embodiment record by experiment 94 decibels of volts as constant amplification coefficient condition under, unit mass Fe
2o
3, Fe
3o
4v with paint
2s value, its test result is as shown in table 1.
Claims (4)
1. a material corrosion pick-up unit, is characterized in that, comprises calibrate AE sensor (1), prime amplifier (4), filtrator (5), main amplifier (6), memory buffer (7), signal detecting device (2), signal processing unit (3) and display device; Described emission sensor (1) connects prime amplifier (4) successively, filtrator (5), main amplifier (6), memory buffer (7), signal detecting device (2), signal processing unit (3), described signal processing unit (3) is connected to display device by multiplexer channel.
2. material corrosion pick-up unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described signal detecting device (2) comprises the first multiplexer (8), frequency filter (12), amplitude threshold filtrator (13), data storage cell (15) and the second multiplexer (16); Described the first multiplexer (8) is divided into some passages, each passage is connected with respectively a frequency filter (12) and an amplitude threshold filtrator (13) successively, described amplitude threshold filtrator (13) connects an independently data-carrier store (14), some data-carrier stores (14) composition data storage cells (15), the some passages after described data storage cell (15) are connected on the second multiplexer (16).
3. material corrosion pick-up unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described signal processing unit (3) comprises low-pass filter (17), amplifier (18), signal averager (19), amplitude threshold detecting device (20), clock (21), voltage-controlled oscillator (22), counter (23), the 3rd multiplexer (24); Described low-pass filter (17) connects amplifier (18) successively, signal averager (19), amplitude threshold detecting device (20), voltage-controlled oscillator (22), counter (23), the 3rd multiplexer (24), described clock (21) connects amplitude threshold detecting device (20) and voltage-controlled oscillator (22).
4. a material corrosion detection method, in the situation that not damaging detected material, monitors the energy that its inside discharges, and judges the characteristic of the corrosion cracking of material by this energy signal, it is characterized in that having following steps:
1) described calibrate AE sensor (1) is connected on detected material by acoustics couplant, and in the time that material is corroded, its inside can give off energy, and this energy shows by the form of ultrasonic signal; This ultrasonic signal is received by calibrate AE sensor (1), and convert voltage analog signal to and be exaggerated by prime amplifier (4), then remove the low-frequency noise in voltage analog signal by filtrator (5), the voltage analog signal of removing after noise further amplifies by main amplifier (6), and the voltage analog signal after amplification is stored in memory buffer (7); The voltage analog signal being stored in memory buffer (7) is transferred in signal detecting device (2);
2) in signal detecting device (2), voltage analog signal is divided into some passages by the first multiplexer (8), and each passage is for detection of the unlike signal producing in metallic material corrosion process; Select by the signal of characteristic frequency and particular amplitude scope by described frequency filter (12) and amplitude threshold filtrator (13), to identify respectively different corrosion products; Signal after detection is transported to the second multiplexer (16) by data storage cell (15) respectively, then entering signal processing unit (3);
3) signal that described signal processing unit (3) is received removes by filter background noise by low-pass filter (17), then processes by amplifier (18), obtains the signal V of voltage amplitude square
2, wherein V refers to the total voltage signal producing in the duration of breaking in seconds; Signal is adjusted by signal averager (19), and by amplitude threshold detecting device (20) analytic signal amplitude threshold, in the time that signal reaches critical value, clock (21) is opened, and when lower than critical value, clock (21) is closed; Be greater than the voltage-controlled oscillator of signal handling (22) of threshold value, the triangular pulse signal of generation and threshold signal equivalent negative sense, counter (23) is pulse signals counting within the unit interval, obtains V proportional to each signal energy
2s numerical value; Count signal is by the 3rd multiplexer (24), and described the second multiplexer (16) and the 3rd multiplexer (24) are synchronous, therefore can accurately judge the reason of signal attenuation; Described the 3rd multiplexer (24) is divided into some passages and outputs to display device, and wherein the pad value of each signal represents respectively metal erosion product, and quantity and the speed of surface coating decomposition, thereby judges the feature of corrosion cracking.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108706718A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-10-26 | 成都九翼环保科技有限公司 | Overcritical water oxidization reactor and its extent of corrosion real-time monitoring system and purposes |
| CN110222650A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-09-10 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of acoustie emission event classification method based on sound emission all band acquisition parameter |
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