CN104131231B - A kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel and its preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, it is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C? 0.22%��0.30%, Si? 0.30%��0.45%, Mn? 1.10��1.20%, Cr0.20%��0.40%, Ni? 0.20%��0.35%, Mo? 0.30%��0.45%, Al? 0.03%��0.06%, Ce0.03%��0.04%, S��0.015%, P��0.02%, surplus is Fe. Present invention also offers a kind of method preparing this cast steel. The present invention is by the optimization of screening and proportioning that cast steel carries out composition, and cast steel is sought optimum treatment process, final acquisition strong hardness height, the low-carbon microalloyed cast steel that impelling strength is excellent, carbon equivalent is low, production cost is low, more can meet the needs of the large-scale rocking arm steel of coalcutter.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to low-carbon microalloyed cast steel field of material technology, it is specifically related to a kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel and its preparation method.
Background technology
Rocker arm of coal mining machine is the key part that coalcutter cuts coal cutting charcoal, and its quality and reliability directly determine the working efficiency of whole unit. The mainly shearer ranging arm abrasion of rocker arm of coal mining machine fault, fracture, open holes formation abrasion and gear, bearing damage. The principal element that rocking arm volume is big, Heavy Weight, intensity and the low fault caused of hardness are the reliabilities reducing rocker arm of coal mining machine. Within average 30 days, be there is 1 mechanical accident in the rocking arm of part coalcutter. Certain factory MG800/1880-WD coalcutter used such as Zhang Ji ore deposit has changed 7 rocking arms within half year. Current rocker arm of coal mining machine structure is huge and heavier, and the increase of structure makes the weight of rocking arm self increase, and the increase of rocking arm weight not only makes travel unit bear bigger load, and seriously affects the stability of complete machine. The material that rocker arm of coal mining machine housing selects intensity height, hardness high, can by reducing rocking arm physical dimension and housing wall thickness, alleviate shearer ranging arm own wt, reduce complete machine and travel unit load, emphasis strengthens the intensity of gear and bearing, and improve the wear resisting property of shearer ranging arm, reduce frequency of maintenance, it is to increase the work-ing life of coalcutter.
Rocker arm of coal mining machine has to pass through cast form; highly malleablized is not realized by controlled cooling model and normative heat treatment strengthening approach; cast steel is required also to need excellent plasticity toughness and welding property when ensureing higher-strength usually; this just requires that the carbon content low alloyed element of cast steel is few; and low carbon content and alloying element can cause the decrease in intensity of cast steel usually; and high carbon content and alloying element can cause the plasticity toughness of cast steel and welding property to reduce usually, this is the design of cast steel composition and produces one overcome main difficulty.
Traditional cast steel that current rocker arm of coal mining machine and traction portion case material generally adopt is ZG25Mn (alloying constituent C0.20��0.30%, Si0.30��0.45%, Mn1.10��1.30%, S��0.035%, P��0.035%, surplus is Fe), ZG25Mn2 (alloying constituent C0.20��0.30%, Si0.30��0.45%, Mn1.70��1.90%, S��0.035%, P��0.035%, surplus is Fe) or ZG25MnNi (alloying constituent C0.252%, Si0.92%, Mn0.872%, S��0.035%, P��0.035%, Mo0.152%, Ni0.273%, surplus is Fe). the low-welding crack-sensitive index (Pcm) of this type of cast steel is low, and welding crack risk is relatively little, but its intensity and hardness are low, HBW150��170, toughness and shock resistance are poor, and wear resistance is poor, seriously affect work-ing life and the reliability of rocker arm of coal mining machine.
Chinese patent CN102345072A discloses a kind of high-strength cast steel for coal cutter rocking arm and thermal treatment process thereof, comprise the chemical composition of following mass parts: C0.30��0.37%, Si0.45��0.60%, Mn0.90��1.10%, Cr1.40��1.60%, Ni1.40��1.60%, Mo0.20��0.30%, P��0.020%, S��0.020%, surplus is Fe. Product mechanics tensile strength reaches 804��902MPa, and wear resistance is good simultaneously, and hardness reaches HB260��285. But, there is the technological deficiency such as plasticity and poor impact toughness in this cast steel, and its welding property is very poor, and process control procedure is complicated, production cost height.
Chinese patent CN102517516A provides a kind of HI high impact merit cast steel, its alloying constituent is: C0.18��0.22%, Si0.20��0.50%, Mn1.20��1.50%, Cr0.30��0.6%, Ni0.6��0.9%, Mo0.15��0.30%, V0.05��0.08%, Ti0.03��0.05%, Ce0.01��0.02%. Being specially adapted on coal winning machinery middle scraper transfer roller on pin rail seat key part and use, possess HI high impact merit, the described cast steel tensile strength of cast steel described in it is 930��1080MPa, yield strength >=830MPa, unit elongation >=9%, ballistic work >=50J, hardness is 292��337HB. But, there is alloy content high-technology defect in this cast steel, and welding property is very poor, complicated process of preparation, production cost height.
In recent years, not yet find that the low-carbon microalloy high-strong toughness cast steel having both high strength, high rigidity, good impelling strength, plasticity and welding property is applied on large-scale rocker arm of coal mining machine housing, and the fast development along with coal in China energy demand, develop high working face, high-performance coalcutter, and few people, digitizing unmanned in short-term, intelligent coal mining when realizing highly efficient and productive, long, this kind of high performance cast steel rocking arm demand consumption is increasing. Owing to its over-all properties requires higher, therefore domestic at present still not having suitable replacement cast steel material, and the price introducing the cast steel of external similar performance is very expensive, a kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine of independent research low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is very necessary for this reason.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of strong hardness height, the rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel that impelling strength is excellent, carbon equivalent is low, production cost is low.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, it is characterised in that, it is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.22%��0.30%, Si0.30%��0.45%, Mn1.10��1.20%, Cr0.20%��0.40%, Ni0.20%��0.35%, Mo0.30%��0.45%, Al0.03%��0.06%, Ce0.03%��0.04%, S��0.015%, P��0.02%, surplus is Fe.
Above-mentioned a kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, it is characterised in that, it is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.27%, Si0.41%, Mn1.13%, Cr0.33%, Ni0.35%, Mo0.45%, S0.006%, P0.013%, Al0.03%, Ce0.04%, surplus is Fe.
Above-mentioned a kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, it is characterised in that, it is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.25%, Si0.42%, Mn1.1%, Cr0.4%, Ni0.29%, Mo0.42%, S0.007%, P0.012%, Al0.052%, Ce0.03%, surplus is Fe.
Above-mentioned a kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, it is characterised in that, it is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.22%, Si0.45%, Mn1.16%, Cr0.35%, Ni0.2%, Mo0.30%, S0.015%, P0.02%, Al0.06%, Ce0.036%, surplus is Fe. .
Above-mentioned a kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, it is characterised in that, it is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.30%, Si0.30%, Mn1.20%, Cr0.20%, Ni0.31%, Mo0.39%, S0.008%, P0.010%, Al0.048%, Ce0.038%, surplus is Fe.
In addition, present invention also offers a kind of method preparing above-mentioned rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, it is characterized in that, the method is: prepare burden according to the composition design requirements of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel to be prepared, refining treatment is carried out after arc melting, then carry out homogenizing annealing process, normalizing treatment and ageing treatment successively, obtain rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel; The detailed process of described homogenizing annealing process is: be that after being incubated 4h��5h in the process furnace of 910 DEG C��930 DEG C, stove is cold in temperature, the detailed process of described normalizing treatment is: being air-cooled after being incubated 3h��4h in the process furnace of 900 DEG C��920 DEG C in temperature, the detailed process of described ageing treatment is: be empty cold after being incubated 3h��4h in the process furnace of 500 DEG C��550 DEG C in temperature.
The technological improvement of the present invention in cast steel composition is: the present invention carries out autonomous innovation optimization design according to performance requriements that is highly efficient and productive and high working face coalcutter, to ensure that every mechanical property and welding property meet or exceed the level of external similar coalcutter. According to the service requirements of highly efficient and productive, high working face and high-power coal cutter, this cast steel should have higher intensity, hardness, good impelling strength and plasticity and good welding property. Therefore, the principle of its design is when low carbon, processed by multielement microalloying and optimal heat, play solution strengthening, pearlitic structure strengthening, from the microalloy carboritride ageing strengthening of ferrite diffusion-precipitation distribution, the advantage such as grain refining, under the prerequisite ensureing strong hardness and toughness plasticity, also ensure good weldability and processing characteristics. Owing to carbon content is lower, the impelling strength that cast steel is excellent and plasticity and good welding property thus can be ensured; Appropriate silicon molybdenum content contributes to producing solution strengthening, and content is too low more can greatly affect the multiple strengthening effect of other trace alloying element by reducing the effect of solution strengthening, and too high levels then can reduce impelling strength and plasticity and good welding property; Chromium (Cr) can significantly improve intensity, hardness and wear resistance in cast steel, but reduce plasticity and toughness simultaneously. Nickel (Ni) can improve the intensity of steel, and keeps good plasticity and toughness. Molybdenum (Mo) can make the grain refining of cast steel, can improve mechanical property. Simultaneously chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo) again can with the microalloy carboritride of the carbon in cast steel, nitrogen-atoms formation Dispersed precipitate, play good ageing strengthening effect. Rare-earth element cerium (Ce) can play microalloying, alleviate the low melting point harmful elements such as phosphorus in steel, arsenic, tin, antimony, bismuth, lead acts on mutually, and can play that desulfurization, deoxidation and sex change are mingled with, dispersion hardening effect. Adding appropriate chromium, nickel, molybdenum and rare earth element in cast steel, its comprehensive action is far longer than and acts on separately sum simultaneously. Sulphur (S) and phosphorus (P) are detrimental impurity elements in cast steel, along with steel-making starting material are brought in cast steel, its content is more low more good, aluminium (Al) is cast steels melting later stage essential element, except deoxidizing purification molten iron, moreover it is possible to play the effect of crystal grain thinning.
The technological improvement of the present invention in cast steel thermal treatment is: for giving full play to the performance potential of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, it is crucial for seeking optimum treatment process scheme, and its basic mode comprises: homogenizing annealing process, normalizing treatment and ageing treatment.
Homogenizing annealing processes: for large-scale rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, the object of high temperature homogenizing annealing process is to eliminate as-cast structure and macrosegregation, microsegregation, make casting composition homogenizing crystal grain thinning, eliminating casting stress, the present invention adopts the high temperature homogenizing annealing technique to be: 910 DEG C��930 DEG C insulation 4h��5h stove deepfreezes.
Normalizing treatment: its objective is to eliminate further casting stress, increase pearlite fraction, microstructure homogenization and grain refining, and the strong carboritride element making some amount is added in the ferrite of uniform and delicate, the normalizing process that the present invention adopts is: 900 DEG C��920 DEG C insulation air-cooled process of 3h��4h.
Ageing treatment: its object mainly eliminates the various stress of foundry goods further, simultaneously in original build up, on the basis of grain refining, from ferrite crystal grain, the alloy carbide nitride such as Cr, Mo are precipitated out through ageing treatment, owing to the particle of precipitation compounds is very tiny, play the effect of dispersion-strengthened, thus both can obtain higher hardness strength (particularly yield strength), also can obtain excellent impelling strength. Aging temp and soaking time directly affect the final performance of low-carbon microalloyed large-scale rocker arm of coal mining machine cast steel. By progressively testing, it is determined that best aging treatment process. The aging technique that the present invention adopts is: 500 DEG C��550 DEG C empty deepfreezes of insulation 3h��4h.
Through the parameter of above-mentioned three kinds of thermal treatment process is optimized test, namely selects and cast steel can be made to obtain high strong hardness and the best heat treatment parameter of excellent impelling strength, low carbon equivalent and low cost of alloy.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, the present invention provides a kind of large-scale rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, and this cast steel has high strong hardness, excellent impelling strength, low carbon equivalent and low cost of alloy.
2, the present invention is by carrying out recipe determination and optimization to the chemical composition of cast steel, and cast steel is sought optimum treatment process, final acquisition strong hardness height, the low-carbon microalloyed cast steel that impelling strength is excellent, carbon equivalent is low, cost of alloy is low, more can meet the needs of the large-scale rocking arm steel of coalcutter.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure figure of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure figure of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure figure of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Fig. 4 is the metallographic structure figure of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 4.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.22%, Si0.45%, Mn1.16%, Cr0.35%, Ni0.20%, Mo0.30%, S0.015%, P0.02%, Al0.06%, Ce0.036%, surplus is Fe.
The preparation method of the present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is: prepare burden according to the composition design requirements of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, in electric arc furnace, first carry out conventional arc melting, conventional refining treatment is carried out again in refining furnace, then successively temperature be 920 DEG C process furnace in be incubated 4.5h after stove is cold carries out homogenizing annealing process, it is air-cooled after the process furnace of 910 DEG C is incubated 3.5h carry out normalizing treatment in temperature, being that after being incubated 3.5h in the process furnace of 520 DEG C, sky is cold in temperature carries out ageing treatment, obtain low-carbon microalloyed rocker arm of coal mining machine cast steel.
As shown in Figure 1, this cast steel is " perlite+ferrite " structure as shown in Figure 1 in the metallographic structure of the present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, and homogeneous microstructure is fine and close. The performance test data of the present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is in table 1.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.30%, Si0.30%, Mn1.20%, Cr0.20%, Ni0.31%, Mo0.39%, S0.008%, P0.010%, Al0.048%, Ce0.038%, surplus is Fe.
The preparation method of the present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is: prepare burden according to the composition design requirements of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, in electric arc furnace, first carry out conventional arc melting, conventional refining treatment is carried out again in refining furnace, then successively temperature be 910 DEG C process furnace in be incubated 5h after stove is cold carries out homogenizing annealing process, it is air-cooled after the process furnace of 900 DEG C is incubated 3h carry out normalizing treatment in temperature, being that after being incubated 4h in the process furnace of 500 DEG C, sky is cold in temperature carries out ageing treatment, obtain low-carbon microalloyed rocker arm of coal mining machine cast steel.
As shown in Figure 2, this cast steel is " perlite+ferrite " structure as shown in Figure 2 in the metallographic structure of the present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, and homogeneous microstructure is fine and close. The performance test data of the present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is in table 1.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.27%, Si0.41%, Mn1.13%, Cr0.33%, Ni0.35%, Mo0.45%, S0.006%, P0.013%, Al0.03%, Ce0.04%, surplus is Fe.
The preparation method of the present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is: prepare burden according to the composition design requirements of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, in electric arc furnace, first carry out conventional arc melting, conventional refining treatment is carried out again in refining furnace, then successively temperature be 930 DEG C process furnace in be incubated 4h after stove is cold carries out homogenizing annealing process, it is air-cooled after the process furnace of 920 DEG C is incubated 3h carry out normalizing treatment in temperature, being that after being incubated 3h in the process furnace of 550 DEG C, sky is cold in temperature carries out ageing treatment, obtain low-carbon microalloyed rocker arm of coal mining machine cast steel.
As shown in Figure 3, this cast steel is " perlite+ferrite " structure as shown in Figure 3 in the metallographic structure of the present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, and homogeneous microstructure is fine and close. The performance test data of the present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is in table 1.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.25%, Si0.42%, Mn1.1%, Cr0.40%, Ni0.29%, Mo0.42%, S0.007%, P0.012%, Al0.052%, Ce0.03%, surplus is Fe.
The preparation method of the present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is: prepare burden according to the composition design requirements of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, in electric arc furnace, first carry out conventional arc melting, conventional refining treatment is carried out again in refining furnace, then successively temperature be 930 DEG C process furnace in be incubated 4h after stove is cold carries out homogenizing annealing process, it is air-cooled after the process furnace of 900 DEG C is incubated 4h carry out normalizing treatment in temperature, being that after being incubated 3h in the process furnace of 500 DEG C, sky is cold in temperature carries out ageing treatment, obtain low-carbon microalloyed rocker arm of coal mining machine cast steel.
As shown in Figure 4, this cast steel is " perlite+ferrite " (F+P) structure as shown in Figure 4 in the metallographic structure of the present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, and homogeneous microstructure is fine and close. The performance test data of the present embodiment rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The difference of this comparative example rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel and embodiment 1 is only: not containing Ce. The preparation method of this comparative example rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is identical with embodiment 1, and its performance test data is in table 1.
The performance test data of table 1 rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel of the present invention
In table 1, each symbol represents respectively: Cel yield strength, Rm tensile strength, A unit elongation, Z relative reduction in area, HB Brinell hardness, aKUImpelling strength.
As shown in Table 1, the composition design of cast steel of the present invention and the thermal treatment process of correspondence thereof is adopted, it is possible to obtain high strong hardness and the foundry goods of excellent impelling strength, low carbon equivalent and low cost of alloy, more can meet the needs of coalcutter with large-scale rocking arm.
The above, be only the better embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention imposed any restrictions. Every any simple modification, change and equivalence change above embodiment done according to inventive technique essence, all still belongs in the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, it is characterised in that, it is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.22%��0.30%, Si0.30%��0.45%, Mn1.10��1.20%, Cr0.20%��0.40%, Ni0.20%��0.35%, Mo0.30%��0.45%, Al0.03%��0.06%, Ce0.03%��0.04%, S��0.015%, P��0.02%, surplus is Fe; The preparation method of described rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel is: prepare burden according to the composition design requirements of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel to be prepared, refining treatment is carried out after arc melting, then carry out homogenizing annealing process, normalizing treatment and ageing treatment successively, obtain rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel; The detailed process of described homogenizing annealing process is: be that after being incubated 4h��5h in the process furnace of 910 DEG C��930 DEG C, stove is cold in temperature, the detailed process of described normalizing treatment is: being air-cooled after being incubated 3h��4h in the process furnace of 900 DEG C��920 DEG C in temperature, the detailed process of described ageing treatment is: be empty cold after being incubated 3h��4h in the process furnace of 500 DEG C��550 DEG C in temperature.
2. a kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, it is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.27%, Si0.41%, Mn1.13%, Cr0.33%, Ni0.35%, Mo0.45%, S0.006%, P0.013%, Al0.03%, Ce0.04%, surplus is Fe.
3. a kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, it is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.25%, Si0.42%, Mn1.1%, Cr0.4%, Ni0.29%, Mo0.42%, S0.007%, P0.012%, Al0.052%, Ce0.03%, surplus is Fe.
4. a kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, it is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.22%, Si0.45%, Mn1.16%, Cr0.35%, Ni0.2%, Mo0.30%, S0.015%, P0.02%, Al0.06%, Ce0.036%, surplus is Fe.
5. a kind of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, it is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: C0.30%, Si0.30%, Mn1.20%, Cr0.20%, Ni0.31%, Mo0.39%, S0.008%, P0.010%, Al0.048%, Ce0.038%, surplus is Fe.
6. prepare the method for rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel as described in claim as any one of claim 1 to 5 for one kind, it is characterized in that, the method is: prepare burden according to the composition design requirements of rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel to be prepared, refining treatment is carried out after arc melting, then carry out homogenizing annealing process, normalizing treatment and ageing treatment successively, obtain rocker arm of coal mining machine low-carbon microalloyed cast steel; The detailed process of described homogenizing annealing process is: be that after being incubated 4h��5h in the process furnace of 910 DEG C��930 DEG C, stove is cold in temperature, the detailed process of described normalizing treatment is: being air-cooled after being incubated 3h��4h in the process furnace of 900 DEG C��920 DEG C in temperature, the detailed process of described ageing treatment is: be empty cold after being incubated 3h��4h in the process furnace of 500 DEG C��550 DEG C in temperature.
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