The method of vanadium, potassium technique is comprehensively reclaimed in flyash acidleach
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydrometallurgy field, be specifically related to comprehensively reclaim containing the generating of vanadium type stone coal combustion, flyash acidleach the method for vanadium, potassium technique.
Background technology
Extracting vanadium from stone coal is an importance of bone coal comprehensive utilization of resources, correlative study and the production of China's extracting vanadium from stone coal since the sixties, extracting vanadium from stone coal state of the art has obtained very large lifting, but in process for extracting vanadium, exists the problems such as vanadium total yield is low, reagent consumption is large, cost is high, easy generation pollution still more outstanding; And extracting vanadium from stone coal theoretical investigation is less, and research method is single, especially weaker for the correlation theory research of roasting process, leaching process, this has seriously restricted the development of vanadium extraction technology.
Bone coal resource is very abundant in Ankang Prefecture, Shaanxi Province, compares with domestic similar resource, and its feature shows as: 1. calorific value is high, is used for the thermo-efficiency of coal fired power generation high; 2. burned-coal fly ash vanadium, potassium content are high, can have valency to extract this element; 3. the waste residue after extracting also can partly be used as the industries such as building materials.4. the processing technology routine of whole project meets " resources conservation is strategy preferentially; strengthen Mineral resources saving and comprehensive utilization; raising resources development and utilization efficiency and level " spirit that " 12 " planning > > was saved and fully utilized to national < < Mineral resources, and main project field category.
The whole nation utilizes bone coal type navajoite to refine the producer of Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES at present, and its technological process of production is that raw ore is directly smelted, raw ore Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES grade 0.9-1%, smelting recovery is in 60% left and right, and the rate of recovery is low, and the wasting of resources is larger, the material consuming is many, and cost is higher.If bone coal type navajoite is carried out to high Ore Leaching, the Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES rate of recovery is brought up to more than 80%, there will be again foreign ion and the enrichment in leach liquor of association Hubeiwan, further removal of impurities and comprehensively reclaim the series of problems such as Hubeiwan.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed in flyash vanadium extraction technique the series of problems must high Ore Leaching bringing, a kind of method that provides flyash acidleach comprehensively to reclaim vanadium, potassium technique, it makes technique smooth, reclaims other valuable element potassium simultaneously.
Technical solution of the present invention is: the method for vanadium, potassium technique is comprehensively reclaimed in flyash acidleach, comprises the following steps:
(1) in leaching-flyash and operation
Sulfuric acid and the direct acidleach of leaching agent Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) for flyash, sulfuric acid consumption is and flyash quality per-cent 30%~50%, and leaching agent Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) consumption is with flyash quality per-cent 3.5~5%, extraction time 7~12h, 90 ± 5 ℃ of extraction temperatures, leaches the ratio 2.5~3:1 of liquid volume and solid weight; Leach operation and complete and filters solid-liquid separation, leach supernatant liquor and adopt flyash neutralization, its consumption is 30~60% of acidleach flyash consumption, 50~60 ℃ of flyash neutral temperatures, in and time 3~4h; Leached mud is carried out to adverse current pulping and washing four times, and each leaching requirement is identical with leaching operation liquid volume, and the 4th time washing water are lime and wash water preparation, and each wash water adverse current is returned, and soaks slag filtration and stores up;
(2) potassium aluminium sulfate crystallization operation
In flyash, with supernatant liquor stirred crystallization, obtain Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate crystallization, 5~10 ℃ of Tcs;
(3) in lime and operation
Under potassium aluminium sulfate crystallization tail washings normal temperature, carry out lime neutralization, pH=1.8 ± 0.2, merges in lime and enters restore job with supernatant liquor and a wash water; In and slag muck deposit;
(4) restore job
In lime, add iron reduction time 1.5~2h with supernatant liquor, iron filings add-on is V in reducing solution
2o
55.5~6 times of amount of metal, 38~42 ℃ of temperature ±, current potential 305~315mv left and right, adds polyacrylamide flocculation agent consumption 20~30g/t-flyash, sedimentation standing 2~3h, and solid-liquid separation, reduction supernatant liquor is as extraction stoste, and reducing slag is stored up;
(5) extraction-reextraction operation
Neutralizer extraction adopts 7 stage countercurrent extractions, 8 stage countercurrent back extractions, 3 stage countercurrent regeneration, 1 stage countercurrent washing, organic phase forms 12.5%2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid+5% tributyl phosphate+82.5% sulfonated kerosene, the sulphuric acid soln that reverse-extraction agent is 1.5mol, the sulphuric acid soln that regenerator is 3mol; The wastewater treatment of raffinate is to obtain lime mud and reuse water with lime neutralization, and reuse water returns to leaching operation, and after back extraction, lean organic phase is regenerated and returned in extraction operation through organic phase;
(6) crystallization-precipitation operation
Under strip liquor normal temperature, add the crystallization of ammoniacal liquor adjust pH to 2.0~2.2, crystallization time 4~5h, crystallization tschermigite, solid-liquid separation post crystallization tail washings adds sodium chlorate and is oxidizing to solution potential 1050~1100mV, 60 ± 5 ℃ of oxidizing temperatures, oxidization time 1~2h, add ammoniacal liquor to 2.2~2.5 precipitations of pH value, 92~95 ℃ of precipitation temperature, precipitation time 2~4h, obtains red vanadium;
(7) red vanadium calcining operation
The calcining furnace that enters after red vanadium is dried is calcined 2~3h at 530~560 ℃, output essence vanadium product.
Described flyash is that low heat value 3500 kilocalories are below containing the flying dust after vanadium type stone coal mine or the burning of the following bone coal type of low heat value 2000 kilocalorie navajoite.
Advantage of the present invention and positively effect are: the present invention uses and leaches supernatant liquor crystallization recovery potassium, effectively utilizes partial impurities aluminium; Crystalline tschermigite from turn one's coat, except further recycling impurity aluminum, is also the guarantee of the qualified smart vanadium quality of final output; Raffinate is treated returns to leaching operation, outside non-wastewater discharge, has also improved the rate of recovery of potassium simultaneously.Adopt after present method:
(1) in the situation that sulfuric acid consumption is constant, add appropriate leaching agent amount, improve V
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5leaching yield; Leaching supernatant liquor is adopted flyash neutralization reduces lime consumption amount greatly.
(2) from flyash neutralizer extract Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate, the byproduct such as extraction ten sulfate dihydrate aluminium ammoniums from turn one's coat, this set has not only been guaranteed the unimpeded of whole technique, main vanadium product qualified, also obtains byproduct in this link, has improved the profit margin of product.
(3) crystallization-precipitation operation can guarantee the smart vanadium product that output is qualified.
(4) technological process non-wastewater discharge.Raffinate purifying regeneration returns vanadium extraction index is not exerted an influence, and also can improve the rate of recovery of potassium.
(5) precipitation tail water neutralization, in and slag muck deposit, neutral water can be recycled; The chlorine of precipitation oxidation, leaching evolving gas can be up to standard through alkali liquor absorption.Environmental pollution is very little.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Following examples are intended to further illustrate the present invention, and unrestricted the present invention.
Embodiment:
Adopt somewhere, present method Shaanxi flyash.This ore deposit essential mineral is quartzy, clay mineral, V
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5content 0.92%.Described flyash is that low heat value 3500 kilocalories are below containing the flying dust after vanadium type stone coal mine or the burning of the following bone coal type of low heat value 2000 kilocalorie navajoite.
(1) in leaching-flying dust and operation
Add the sulfuric acid of flyash 40% and 3.50% leaching agent Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), liquid-solid ratio (leaching the ratio of liquid volume and solid weight) 2.5:1, at 90 ℃, Leaching reaction 7h.Leach operation and complete and carries out solid-liquid separation, leach supernatant liquor and adopt flyash neutralization, its consumption is for leaching 55% of flyash consumption, 50 ℃ of flyash neutral temperatures, in and time 4h.Solid-liquid separation is unobstructed.Neutralizer is containing V
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5content 5.5g/L left and right.V
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5leaching yield is 82.90%, K
2o leaching yield 51.30%.
Leached mud carries out adverse current pulping and washing four times, and each leaching requirement is identical with leaching operation liquid volume, and the 4th washing is liming, and wash water adverse current is returned, and soaks slag muck to deposit; With raffinate reuse water, washing and add lime for the 4th time is neutralized to pH and is greater than 5.V in leached mud
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5containing 0.15%, slag productive rate is 102%.
(2) potassium aluminium sulfate crystallization operation
Leach supernatant liquor and add flyash neutralization, its consumption, for leaching 30-60% of flyash consumption, with supernatant liquor stirred crystallization, obtains Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate crystallization, 5-10 ℃ of Tcs in flyash.In flying dust, carrying out potassium aluminium sulfate crystallization with supernatant liquor is to ensure the unimpeded prerequisite of whole process for extracting vanadium, 5-10 ℃ of Tcs, and in crystalline product, the potassium oxide rate of recovery accounts in flying dust and the more than 45% of rear liquid amount of metal.Product Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate meets GB.
(3) in lime and operation
Under potassium aluminium sulfate crystallization tail washings normal temperature, carry out lime neutralization, pH=1.8 ± 0.2.Merge in lime and enter lower step operation with supernatant liquor and a wash water.In lime and operation vanadium recovery is 97.09%, slag productive rate 4.7%.In lime N-process, must strictly control pH value of solution < 2, otherwise V
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5loss fast rise.
(4) restore job
With about 2h of machining iron reduction time, iron filings add-on is V in reducing solution
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56 times of amount of metal, 40 ℃ of temperature ±, current potential 310mv left and right, adds flocculating agent A L9020, flocculation agent consumption 20-30g/t-flyash, sedimentation standing 2-3h.Adopt a minute bucket solid-liquid separation, reduction supernatant liquor is as extraction stoste, and reducing slag is stored up.Restore job vanadium recovery is 99.65%.(5) extraction-reextraction operation
Extraction adopts 7 stage countercurrent extractions, 8 stage countercurrent back extractions, 3 stage countercurrent regeneration, 1 stage countercurrent washing.Organic phase forms 12.5% (2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid)+5% (tributyl phosphate)+82.5% (sulfonated kerosene), reverse-extraction agent is the sulphuric acid soln of 1.5mol, regenerator is the sulphuric acid soln of 3mol, raffinate wastewater treatment is to obtain lime mud and reuse water with lime neutralization, reuse water returns to leaching operation, and after back extraction, lean organic phase is regenerated and returned in extraction operation through organic phase; Extract reextraction output product for turning one's coat, its V
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5content 40g/l left and right, total iron content is 0.30g/l left and right.Expanding test extraction and stripping rate are 97.21%.
(6) crystallization-precipitation operation
Under strip liquor normal temperature, add the crystallization of ammoniacal liquor adjust pH to 2.0, crystallization time 4h, crystallization tschermigite, after solid-liquid separation, crystallization tail washings adds sodium chlorate and is oxidizing to solution potential 1050-1100mV, 60 ℃ of oxidizing temperatures, oxidization time 1h, add ammoniacal liquor to 2.5 precipitations of pH value, 93 ℃ of precipitation temperature, precipitation time 2h; Obtain red vanadium, crystallization wash water (0.5 times of amount of turning one's coat) returns to configuration reverse-extraction agent.Crystallization tschermigite in crystallization-precipitation process, crystallisation process V
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5the rate of recovery 99.44%, precipitation rate 98.34%.Crystallization-precipitation operation V
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5the rate of recovery 97.76%.(7) red vanadium calcining operation
Red vanadium after oven dry enters calcining furnace and calcine 3.0h at 530~560 ℃, output product V
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5grade is 98.13%, and quality has reached GB1895-2004 standard, and red vanadium calcining output ammonia-contaminated gas, absorbs with precipitation second wash water+tri-time washing water.
From raw material powder coal ash to smart vanadium product, V
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5total yield is 76.52%, and the total yield of potassium oxide is more than 39.57%.
The feature that technique of the present invention embodies:
While 1, leaching, sulfuric acid concentration and leaching agent are to guarantee V
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5the leaching yield most important condition.
2, use the scheme of lime neutralization for the general acid leaching process of coal ash instead instead, not only effectively reduce lime consumption amount, also avoided the loss of vanadium.
3, raffinate purifying regeneration water is returned to extracting stage, not only water obtains recycle, and has improved the total yield of potassium.
4, from flying dust neutralizer extract potassium aluminium sulfate, from turn one's coat the byproduct such as extraction tschermigite, the unimpeded of whole technique guaranteed in this technique setting, the finished product qualified.In this link, obtain byproduct, reduced production cost, improved to greatest extent the profit margin of byproduct.
5, waste water: more than 90% water is recycled, 10% the treated meet the requirement of environmental protection of waste water; Waste water is without discharge.
6, waste residue is through preliminary textual criticism and test, and part slag can be used as building material.