CN104129965B - Add steam-pressing aero-concrete material prepared by saponins air entraining agent - Google Patents
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- CN104129965B CN104129965B CN201410394772.8A CN201410394772A CN104129965B CN 104129965 B CN104129965 B CN 104129965B CN 201410394772 A CN201410394772 A CN 201410394772A CN 104129965 B CN104129965 B CN 104129965B
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Abstract
The invention provides and a kind of add steam-pressing aero-concrete material prepared by saponins air entraining agent, it is with calcareous material and siliceous material as primary raw material, mix foaming agent, regulator and air entraining agent, through hydration reaction, pour into mould, in advance form base, excision forming, steam press maintenance, go out still processing, the steam pressurized foam concrete made.This goods dry density 235～790 kg/m3, comprcssive strength 0.6～10.1 MPa, pore average diameter ＜ 0.48 mm, freeze rear mass loss rate ＜ 4.8%, freeze rear comprcssive strength loss rate ＜ 19%, dry state heat conductivity 0.07～0.19 W/(m K), qualification rate ＞ 95%, higher than the requirement of the autoclave aerated concrete building block high-class product that national standard is formulated.The present invention, by adding a small amount of saponins air entraining agent, is remarkably improved production process ratio of water to material, unit aluminium powder gas forming amount and pouring stability, and the volume of goods, intensity and quality.Present inventive concept novelty, abundant raw material, technique are simple, with low cost, convenient to carry out, have bigger generalization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of to add steam-pressing aero-concrete material prepared by saponins air entraining agent, and prepared by the Green Chemistry relating to air entrained concrete, belong to novel environmental close friend's fine chemistry industry material and environment protecting and power-saving building materials field.
Background technology
Exploitation novel wall material is to promote China's economic society Sustainable Healthy Development and build the Strategic Demand of environmental country.Air entrained concrete is a kind of new green environment protection energy-saving material, refers to, with calcareous material and siliceous material as primary raw material, mix foaming agent, through the porous novel wall material that the techniques such as hydration reaction, moulding by casting, precuring cutting, steam press maintenance are formed.Air entrained concrete is a kind of environment-friendly energy-saving building materials realizing resource, environment, performance and cost best of breed, it it is the unique a kind of single materials for wall that can meet cold district more than 65% power conservation requirement in the world today, in Ye Shi China " 12 " period and following long term, the green building material new varieties that country widelys popularize.
Production process of gas concrete generally include raw material prepare, dispensing, cast, quiet stop, cut, steam press maintenance and go out the operations such as still processing, it it is critical only that casting process slurry to be stablized, to occur without mould phenomenon of collapsing, the quiet process base substrate that stops occurs without shrinkage phenomenon, and the building block product after steam press maintenance is wanted that unit weight is low, had light porous feature, masonry strength usage factor is high.
At present, production process of gas concrete generally exists that slurry water material match ratio is low, pouring stability is poor, easily occurring that slurry collapses mould and base substrate shrinkage phenomenon, building block product generally exists that qualification rate is low, unit weight is high, comprcssive strength is low, pore is big and the problem such as uneven, pore amount is few, heat conductivity is high, fire endurance is short, poor durability.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide and a kind of add steam-pressing aero-concrete material prepared by saponins air entraining agent, by dispensing mixes a small amount of air entraining agent, slurry ratio of water to material and pouring stability, the concrete durability of production process can be significantly improved, the high qualification rate of goods, low unit weight, high compressive strength and masonry strength usage factor can be ensured, the light porous characteristic of aerated concrete products can be fully demonstrated, can be that Resources for construction economizing type and environment protection ecological type society provide fine chemistry industry material and new green environment protection energy-saving wall material.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of add steam-pressing aero-concrete material prepared by saponins air entraining agent, in total siccative, the percentage by weight of each raw material is: calcareous material 25～37%, siliceous material 60～72%, foaming agent in terms of aluminum 0.035～0.310%, regulator 2.45～2.60%, air entraining agent in terms of Saponin 0.008～0.050%, the percentage by weight sum of each raw material is 100%；Mixing water and the weight ratio 0.56～0.84 of total siccative.By above-mentioned raw material mix after, through hydration reaction, pour into mould, in advance form base, excision forming, steam press maintenance, go out still processing, obtain steam pressurized foam concrete.
This goods dry density 235～790 kg/m3, comprcssive strength 0.6～10.1
MPa, pore average diameter ＜ 0.48 mm, freeze rear mass loss rate ＜ 4.8%, freeze rear comprcssive strength loss rate ＜ 19%, dry state heat conductivity 0.07～0.19 W/(m K), qualification rate ＞ 95%, higher than the requirement of the autoclave aerated concrete building block high-class product that national standard is formulated.
Described foaming agent is one or more in metallic aluminium, zinc, the powder of magnesium or unguentum, preferential selection water solublity aluminium powder cream.Described regulator is Gypsum Fibrosum.Described air entraining agent is saponins concrete air-entrainer.Described calcareous material is cement and Calx.Described siliceous material is fine sand, including one or more in sea sand, river sand, fluvial sand, Machine-made Sand, Weathered Sand.
The each raw-material Main Function of the present invention is as follows: the effect of aluminium powder is to provide enough gas forming amounts, ensure full mould and yield, reduction goods unit weight；The effect of cement is regulate base substrate setting rate and improve product strength；The effect of Calx is to regulate slurry bodying velocity, promote that aluminium powder is got angry and improves product strength；The effect of fine sand is to provide skeleton and SiO2, make goods obtain intensity；The effect of Gypsum Fibrosum is regulate cement setting time and prevent false set, regulation and control pouring stability, improve blank strength；The effect of saponins air entraining agent is to remove aluminium powder cream surface stearic acid protective agent, promotion aluminium powder cream is got angry, surely steep, regulate and control slurry pouring stability, improve job efficiency, raising aluminium powder and the utilization rate of Calx；The effect of mixing water is to provide enough hydration reaction substrate, raising aluminium powder and utilization rates of Calx.
The method can significantly improve it is critical only that by adding a small amount of saponins air entraining agent of casting aerated concrete stability, control the setting rate of production process slurry, bodying velocity and raising rate and match, occur without slurry and collapse mould and base substrate shrinkage phenomenon.
What the present invention can significantly reduce goods unit weight and aperture it is critical only that production process provides enough basicity and moisture, ensure effective gas forming amount of aluminium powder, make the bubble discharged can uniformly be diffused in slurry formation microcellular structure, then improve unit aluminium powder gas forming amount by adding a small amount of saponins air entraining agent.
The method can significantly improve product strength it is critical only that production process to provide enough siliceous and calcareous materials, makes generate hydrated calcium silicate and aquation calcium aluminosilicate crystallizable mineral under the conditions of steam press maintenance further, improves intensity after goods.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
1, compared with normal concrete, the air-entrained concrete building block goods of the present invention have that light porous, durability is strong, value of creeping under action of long-term load is little, thermal and insulating performance is excellent, absorb sound that soundproof effect is good, fire and heat endurance is good, quakeproof and quake-resistant function admirable, hydrophobic impermeability is good, machinability is strong, raw material sources are extensive, production efficiency is high, energy consumption is low, masonry strength usage factor advantages of higher, it is the following green building material new varieties widelyd popularize of country, country can be met and carry out the process of urbanization and build and the needs of economical and environment-friendly social construction.
2, in order to overcome existing air entrained concrete production technology defect, the present invention mixes a small amount of saponins air entraining agent by dispensing, hardening of cement speed, Calx bodying velocity just can be made more to mate with aluminium powder raising rate, improve slurry pouring stability, be difficult to occur that slurry collapses mould and base substrate shrinkage phenomenon, the qualification rate height of the air-entrained concrete building block goods of preparation, more lightweight, porous, high intensity, have beyond thought substantial advance.Compared with comparative example, the present invention can improve casting process ratio of water to material 8～38% and unit aluminium powder gas forming amount 3～15%, product volume 5～20% can be increased, the building block product of preparation is while unit weight reduces 6～17%, and comprcssive strength also can increase by 8～20%.
3, compared with existing air entrained concrete factory formula, the present invention with the addition of the saponins concrete air-entrainer (being called for short: saponins air entraining agent) (application publication number CN 103466984 A) with independent intellectual property right in formula.This saponins air entraining agent extracts from oil tea, Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi, Fructus Gleditsia, the wood plant containing saponin such as Semen arachidis hypogaeae, Lignum Xanthoceratis, and its main functional component is Saponin.Saponin is made up of sapogenin, saccharide ligand and organic acid three part, containing hydrophilic and lipophilic group, is a class Triterpenoids sapogenins saponins mixture, and close and distant equilibrium valve HLB is up to 16, and water solublity is fine.
4, the present invention adds saponins air entraining agent in formula and can bring following remarkable advantage:
(1) the saponins air entraining agent that the present invention uses also is a kind of nonionic surfactant simultaneously, its hydrophilic group is made up of the oxy radical of strong electronegativity, its lipophilic group is to be made up of nonpolar hydrocarbon ring key, aluminium powder cream can be made more soluble in alkaline medium, gas forming amount is bigger, and aluminium powder cream utilization rate is bigger.
(2) the saponins air entraining agent of the present invention can be adsorbed onto stearic acid protectant aluminum particle surface, by adsorbing, permeate, infiltrating, rolling off effect, makes stearic acid get off from aluminium powder sur-face peeling, makes aluminium powder surface the most exposed out, faster get angry.
(3) the saponins air entraining agent of the present invention is dissolved in air entrained concrete slurry, can form unimolecule arrangement at gas-liquid interface, make the surface tension of bubble reduce；Owing to the molecular weight of Saponin is big, the aquation thickness of formation, foam stabilizing effect is good, and Saponin molecule can cover at bubble surface, makes air bubble intensity bigger, is less susceptible to expand and rupture, make base substrate pore less, evenly, finer and close, be more likely formed non-interconnected hole.
5, compared with existing process for producing aerated concrete, the present invention only with the addition of a small amount of saponins air entraining agent in formula, so that it may increases substantially the ratio of water to material of production process, and the raising of ratio of water to material can bring following remarkable advantage:
(1) in the basic conditions, aluminium powder reaction equation of getting angry is 2Al+3Ca (OH)2 + 6H2O → 3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O + 3H2↑, after ratio of water to material improves, more water will be had to participate in aluminium powder and to get angry generation hydrogen, till aluminium powder is depleted, so, aluminium powder is got angry more complete, is remarkably improved aluminium powder utilization rate and goods yield, reduces goods unit weight and production cost.
(2) lime digestion reaction equation is CaO+H2O → Ca(OH)2 + Ca2+ + OH-, lime digestion can produce substantial amounts of Ca (OH)2、Ca2+And OH-, after ratio of water to material improves, more water will be had to participate in lime digestion, make lime digestion more completely, reaction deeper into, be remarkably improved slurry pouring temperature, Calx utilization rate and product strength, can obviously reduce production of articles cost；Simultaneously, under slurry bodying velocity higher strip part, water more than needed is also had to regulate denseness and the divergence of slurry, it is ensured that the aluminium powder hydrogen produced of getting angry readily diffuses into each corner of slurry, form more micro-bubble and be more evenly distributed, being remarkably improved goods porosity, reduce pore opening.
(3) lime digestion process can produce substantial amounts of Ca (OH)2, Ca (OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH-, after improving due to ratio of water to material, have more water to can be used for dissolving Ca (OH)2, in slurry, pH value is higher, is more beneficial for the Al of aluminium powder cream2O3Oxide-film is dissolved by alkali liquor, Al2O3 + 2OH- → 2AlO2 -
+ H2O, makes that aluminium powder surface is the most exposed out, faster gets angry, and follow-up aluminium powder gets angry more completely, it is in hgher efficiency to get angry；Meanwhile, under the conditions of being more beneficial for steam press maintenance, there is more Ca (OH)2And Ca2+With material SiO2And Al2O3Have an effect, generate hydrated calcium silicate and aquation aluminum silica gel calcium in Hydrothermal Synthesis mode, collectively promote the development of intensity after goods.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of add steam-pressing aero-concrete material prepared by saponins air entraining agent, each raw material weight percentage ratio in total siccative: cement 12.5～18.5%, Calx 12.5～18.5%, fine sand 60～72%, foaming agent in terms of aluminum 0.035～0.310%, regulator 2.45～2.60%, air entraining agent in terms of Saponin 0.008～0.050%；Mixing water and total siccative ratio (ratio of water to material) 0.56～0.84, after the mixing of above-mentioned raw material, through hydration reaction, pour into mould, form base, excision forming, steam press maintenance in advance, go out still processing, obtain adding the autoclave aerated concrete building block goods prepared of saponins air entraining agent.Goods dry density 235～790 kg/m3, comprcssive strength 0.6～10.1
MPa, pore average diameter ＜ 0.48 mm, freeze rear mass loss rate ＜ 4.8%, freeze rear comprcssive strength loss rate ＜ 19%, dry state heat conductivity 0.07～0.19 W/(m K), qualification rate ＞ 95%, higher than the requirement of the autoclave aerated concrete building block high-class product that national standard is formulated.
Described foaming agent is one or more in metallic aluminium, zinc, the powder of magnesium or unguentum, preferential selection water solublity aluminium powder cream.Described regulator is Gypsum Fibrosum.Described air entraining agent is saponins concrete air-entrainer, extracts from oil tea, Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi, Fructus Gleditsia, the wood plant containing saponin such as Semen arachidis hypogaeae, Lignum Xanthoceratis, and its main functional component is Saponin.Described fine sand is one or more in sea sand, river sand, fluvial sand, Machine-made Sand, Weathered Sand.
Mix Design is carried out according to " concrete admixture " (GB 8076-2008) specification and " normal concrete design discipline " (JGJ 55-2011).
Quality and the measured performance parameter of aerated concrete products are carried out according to " autoclave aerated concrete building block " (GB 11968-2006).The saponin content of air entraining agent uses vanillin-concentrated sulphuric acid colorimetric determination (application publication number CN 103466984 A).
Divergence is the parameter characterizing fluidity of slurry, uses cylinder mould algoscopy.By internal diameter 50 mm, the cylinder mould of highly 100 mm, it is placed in the cleaned glass plate center of horizontal positioned, after filling slurry, the most vertically mention cylinder mould, after slurry curtain coating is stable, measuring the extension diameter of two orthogonal directions of slurry, its meansigma methods is exactly slurry divergence.
The mix-design of various embodiments of the present invention and comparative example is shown in Table 1, and the Specifeca tion speeification of each goods collects and is shown in Table 2.
The each embodiment of table 1 and mix-design (mould internal volume 3.24 m of comparative example3)
The each embodiment of table 2 and the goods Specifeca tion speeification of comparative example
It is embodied as step:
By formula, quantitatively weigh various raw material, first in casting pool, squeeze into fine sand mixture, Gypsum Fibrosum and part mixing water, stir evenly formation sand cream slurry, then squeeze into Calx, cement and surplus mixing water, stir evenly the some time, control slurry temperature, when meeting minimum pouring temperature and requiring, then stream adds foaming agent and the suspension of air entraining agent formation, and the stirring some time controls slurry divergence, when meeting minimum divergence and requiring, it is 3.24 m that slurry injects internal volume3Mould, after casting complete, mould moves on to quiet stop the room maintenance some time, after base substrate meets solidification requirement, removing and quiet stop room, by vacateing mould after commercial specification excision forming, base substrate moves on to the still kettle High Temperature Curing some time, makes acceleration generate hydrated minerals, promote the rear strength development of base substrate, goods are rested 7 days in warehouse after going out still, make light porous autoclave aerated concrete building block goods.
Dry density 235～790 kg/m of goods3, comprcssive strength 0.6～10.1
MPa, pore average diameter ＜ 0.48 mm, freeze rear mass loss rate ＜ 4.8%, freeze rear comprcssive strength loss rate ＜ 19%, dry state heat conductivity 0.07～0.19 W/(m K), qualification rate ＞ 95%, higher than the requirement of the autoclave aerated concrete building block high-class product that national standard is formulated.These goods can be applied to processing and the construction of load bearing wall, non-load bearing wall, heat insulating block, wallboard and roof boarding as new green environment protection energy-saving wall material.
Compared with comparative example, the present invention can improve casting process ratio of water to material 8～38% and unit aluminium powder gas forming amount 3～15%, product volume 5～20% can be increased, the building block product of preparation is while unit weight reduces 6～17%, and comprcssive strength also can increase by 8～20%.
Embodiment
1
By table 1 formula, quantitatively weigh each raw material, first in casting pool, squeeze into fluvial sand 464 kg, Gypsum Fibrosum 19.6 kg and river 300 kg, stir evenly formation sand cream slurry, squeeze into Calx 140 kg, cement 140 kg and surplus mixing water again, stir evenly the some time, control slurry temperature, during temperature >=49 DEG C, flow adding water soluble aluminium powder cream 2.3 kg, saponins air entraining agent powder (in terms of Saponin) 0.35 kg and the suspension of water 2.0 kg formation again, the stirring some time controls slurry divergence, during the cm of divergence >=50, it is 3.24 m that slurry injects internal volume3Mould, after casting complete, mould moves on to quiet stop the room maintenance some time, after base substrate meets solidification requirement, removing and quiet stop room, by vacateing mould after commercial specification excision forming, base substrate moves on to the still kettle High Temperature Curing some time, makes acceleration generate hydrated minerals, promote the rear strength development of base substrate, goods are rested 7 days in warehouse after going out still, make light porous autoclave aerated concrete building block goods.This building block product is alternatively arranged as novel green materials for wall, further applies processing and the construction of load bearing wall, non-load bearing wall, heat insulating block, wallboard and roof boarding.
After testing, casting process ratio of water to material reaches 0.83, and product volume reaches 3.25 m3, resulting product dry density 235 kg/m3, comprcssive strength 0.6 MPa, pore average diameter ＜ 0.48 mm, freeze rear mass loss rate ＜ 4.9%, freeze rear comprcssive strength loss rate ＜ 19.5%, dry state heat conductivity ＜ 0.08 W/(m K), qualification rate ＞ 90%.
Compared with comparative example 1, casting process ratio of water to material and unit aluminium powder gas forming amount have been respectively increased 38.33% and 15.4%, prepared building block product, and volume adds 19.91%, unit weight decreases 17.48%, comprcssive strength adds 15.38%.
Comparative example
1
By table 1 formula, quantitatively weigh each raw material, first in casting pool, squeeze into fluvial sand 470 kg, Gypsum Fibrosum 19.8 kg and river 300 kg, stir evenly formation sand cream slurry, then squeeze into Calx 140 kg, cement 142 kg and surplus mixing water, stir evenly the some time, control slurry temperature, during temperature >=49 DEG C, more directly pouring aluminium powder 2.3 kg into, the stirring some time controls slurry divergence, during the cm of divergence >=50, it is 3.24 m that slurry injects internal volume3Mould, after casting complete, mould moves on to quiet stop the room maintenance some time, after base substrate meets solidification requirement, removing and quiet stop room, by vacateing mould after commercial specification excision forming, base substrate moves on to the still kettle High Temperature Curing some time, makes acceleration generate hydrated minerals, promote the rear strength development of base substrate, goods are rested 7 days in warehouse after going out still, make light porous autoclave aerated concrete building block goods.
After testing, under formulation condition same as in Example 1, when being not added with saponins air entraining agent, casting process ratio of water to material maximum can only achieve 0.60, exceedes this limit and there will be the mould that collapses, under optimum process state, and unit aluminium powder gas forming amount 0.871 m3/ kg, product volume reaches 2.73 m3, still cannot expire mould, resulting product dry density 286 kg/m3, comprcssive strength 0.52 MPa, pore average diameter ＞ 0.5 mm, freeze rear mass loss rate ＞ 5%, freeze rear comprcssive strength loss rate ＞ 20%, dry state heat conductivity ＞ 0.10 W/(m K), qualification rate ＜ 75%.
Above example and comparative example are further intended to citing and describe the present invention rather than limit the present invention by any way.All impartial changes done according to present patent application scope and modification, or directly or indirectly it is used in other correlative technology field, the most in like manner it is included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. one kind is added steam-pressing aero-concrete material prepared by saponins air entraining agent, it is characterized in that: in total siccative, the percentage by weight of each raw material is: cement 12.5～18.5%, Calx 12.5～18.5%, fine sand 60～72%, foaming agent in terms of aluminum 0.035～0.310%, Gypsum Fibrosum 2.45～2.60%, saponins concrete air-entrainer in terms of Saponin 0.008～0.050%, the percentage by weight sum of each raw material is 100%；Mixing water and the weight ratio 0.56～0.84 of total siccative；Described saponins concrete air-entrainer is prepared by the method for CN 103466984 A；
Dry density 235～790 kg/m3, comprcssive strength 0.6～10.1 MPa, pore average diameter ＜ 0.48 mm, freeze rear mass loss rate ＜ 4.8%, freeze rear comprcssive strength loss rate ＜ 19%, dry state heat conductivity 0.07～0.19 W m-1·K-1, job efficiency ＞ 95%, the requirement of autoclave aerated concrete building block high-class product formulated higher than national standard.
Steam-pressing aero-concrete material prepared by interpolation saponins air entraining agent the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described foaming agent is one or both in the powder of metallic aluminium or unguentum.
Steam-pressing aero-concrete material prepared by interpolation saponins air entraining agent the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described foaming agent is water solublity aluminium powder cream.
4. want to add the steam-pressing aero-concrete material prepared of saponins air entraining agent described in 1 according to right, it is characterised in that: described fine sand is one or more in sea sand, river sand, fluvial sand, Machine-made Sand, Weathered Sand.
Steam-pressing aero-concrete material prepared by interpolation saponins air entraining agent the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: processing and the construction of load bearing wall, non-load bearing wall, heat insulating block, wallboard and roof boarding it is applied to as materials for wall.
Steam-pressing aero-concrete material prepared by interpolation saponins air entraining agent the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: after above-mentioned raw material is mixed, through hydration reaction, pour into mould, form base, excision forming, steam press maintenance in advance, go out still processing, obtain adding the steam-pressing aero-concrete material prepared of saponins air entraining agent.
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| RU2266271C1 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2005-12-20 | Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В.Г. Шухова (БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова) | Method of production of heat-insulating cellular concrete (versions) |
| CN103466984A (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2013-12-25 | 福州大学 | Sasanqua saponin concrete air entraining agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN103641393A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-03-19 | 河南兴安新型建筑材料有限公司 | Steam-press air-entrainment concrete self-heat conserving building block by using sand of Yellow River and preparation method |
| CN103664073A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-03-26 | 河南兴安新型建筑材料有限公司 | Autoclaved aerated concrete block prepared by use of yellow river sands and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2266271C1 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2005-12-20 | Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В.Г. Шухова (БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова) | Method of production of heat-insulating cellular concrete (versions) |
| CN103466984A (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2013-12-25 | 福州大学 | Sasanqua saponin concrete air entraining agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN103641393A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-03-19 | 河南兴安新型建筑材料有限公司 | Steam-press air-entrainment concrete self-heat conserving building block by using sand of Yellow River and preparation method |
| CN103664073A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-03-26 | 河南兴安新型建筑材料有限公司 | Autoclaved aerated concrete block prepared by use of yellow river sands and preparation method thereof |
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