CN1041287C - Improved panel clinching methods - Google Patents
Improved panel clinching methods Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1041287C CN1041287C CN92114167A CN92114167A CN1041287C CN 1041287 C CN1041287 C CN 1041287C CN 92114167 A CN92114167 A CN 92114167A CN 92114167 A CN92114167 A CN 92114167A CN 1041287 C CN1041287 C CN 1041287C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rivet
- connecting portion
- drift
- sheet material
- riveted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
- B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/03—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of sheet metal otherwise than by folding
- B21D39/031—Joining superposed plates by locally deforming without slitting or piercing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/10—Riveting machines
- B21J15/36—Rivet sets, i.e. tools for forming heads; Mandrels for expanding parts of hollow rivets
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
In a clinched joint to secure panels together, a rivet or slug is driven into the clinched joint as it is formed, and the inner end of the rivet or slug is outwardly-deformed to increase both the shear and axial separation load strengths of the clinched joint . Rings or components , which may form parts of sub-assemblies, may also be secured to the pannels by the clinching methods, the rings or components acting as the dies for the joints .
Description
The present invention relates to an a kind of rivet, drift and pretension head panel clinching methods of riveting together of two boards material at least that utilizes, term " riveted " is also referred to as " punching press connections " or " integral body is fastening ".
In auto industry, spot welding is the most frequently used technology that is used to connect body part, but owing to for example between parts, existing impurity or the relatively poor intensity of each solder joint that makes of welding penetrability can not guarantee that the designer just must increase the quantity of solder joint to guarantee enough bonding strengths.
For the parts that connect galvanized steel or aluminium, spot welding does not also develop into a kind of method accurately and reliably.
For galvanized steel, the welding effect has destroyed the zinc coating around the solder joint, and makes it be easy to corrosion.
Aluminium has very big potentiality because weight is light at automotive field, is a reason that limits its application but lack suitable spot welding method.
The method of an alternative spot welding is to use from wearing rivet, with being disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 4,615,475 (Fuhrmeister, international publication number: WO 84/04710) from the method and apparatus of wearing rivet fastening metal plate.
Another kind of replacement method is the metal riveted, wherein uses the combination of a drift and punch die and makes two metallic plates be deformed into a kind of locked engagement, and the example of metal riveting method is disclosed in:
1.DE?4009813(Fraunhoffer-Ges?Ford?Ange)；
2.DE?1452820(Philips?Patentverwaltung?GmbH)；
3.DE?3726392(Kuka?Schweissanlage)；
4.EP?330061(Eckold?W.&?Co?GmbH)；
5.EP?215449(Rapp?E.)；
6.GB?2244946(Fairacre?Limited)；
7.GB?2123734(BTM?Corporation)；
8.US?3919955(Du?Vernay)；
9.US?387599(Ladouceur?et?al)；
Said method can link together metallic plate, but their shear strength and axial load intensity are lower, and not substantially flush with the metallic plate on every side outer surface of its connecting portion (so be not suitable for expose portion, for example, in engine room).
Other document discloses the various riveted modes of sheet material in addition.Have need be on sheet material punching earlier and then carry out riveted with corresponding rivet, self-evident this riveted mode has two operation-brills at least or towards, riveted, the production efficiency height is not.Need being implemented in by means of high-intensity rivet of having passes the hole along with carrying out riveted on the sheet material, or penetrate in the plate to be connected by means of high-intensity rivet and to carry out riveted, but this high strength rivet is inevitable owing to the material that need utilize its intensity to adopt to be different from sheet material to be connected is made, behind riveted, there is on the one hand the danger that produces electrochemical corrosion, also increased the power that rivet is out of shape realize riveted on the other hand.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of overcome equipment shortcoming, that need usefulness that prior art exists simple and easy and simple to handle, and can improve the panel clinching methods of the shear strength and the axial separation intensity of riveted connecting portion.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical solution, and this method utilizes a tubular rivet, a drift, a drift outer sleeve with a pretension head panel clinching to be in the same place.This method may further comprise the steps:
Sheet material to be connected driven in rivet in the sheet material to be pressed in advance with described pretension head before forming the riveted connecting portion at drift support on the punch die, be formed with a perforate of when sheet deformation, holding sheet material on the described supporting punch die;
Rivet is positioned at the top for the treatment of the riveted zone of sheet material, and liner ring is around drift;
Downwards described drift of feeding and described sleeve so that described sheet deformation enter the perforate of described supporting punch die and do not penetrate, to form the riveted connecting portion; With
The described sleeve of the described drift of feeding independently subsequently, so that the inner outwards distortion of the shaft of rivet forms that sheet deformation partly of riveted connecting portion thereby make, rivet can not penetrate sheet material when rivet and sheet deformation.
Terminology used here ' outwards distortion ' comprises that the body of rivet or pellet or bar portion are all or part of at least one distortion transverse to the direction of the longitudinal axis of this body or bar portion.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, first step feeding is to make the feeding downwards simultaneously of drift and rivet so that sheet material enters in the perforate of supporting mould, along with making the further downward feeding of sleeve make the inner outwards distortion of rivet and realizing that has a high-intensity riveted connecting portion.
Another technical solution of the present invention is that this method utilizes a pretension head that has the pellet of the core body of semicanal shape the inner, a drift and a drift periphery that panel clinching is in the same place.This method may further comprise the steps:
With sheet material to be connected at the feeding drift so that sheet deformation and pellet being driven in the sheet material to form before the riveted connecting portion to be pressed in advance with described pretension head supports on the punch die, a perforate of holding the sheet material that has become shape is arranged on the described supporting punch die;
The described drift of feeding is so that described sheet deformation enters the perforate of described supporting punch die and do not penetrate downwards, and to form the riveted connecting portion, drift subsequently raises;
Pellet is placed riveted connecting portion top and make it to aim at described drift;
The feeding drift to be driving in described pellet in the described riveted connecting portion once more, and continues the described drift of feeding so that the inner outwards distortion of the described core body of pellet, thereby makes that sheet deformation partly that forms the riveted connecting portion, and pellet can not penetrate sheet material.
Said method is a kind of two-step method significantly.Make depression earlier, drive in pellet then and make the inner outwards distortion of pellet, obtain having high-intensity riveted connecting portion equally.
The present invention also discloses a kind of drift with shoulder with the scheme that the pipe type rivet of an inner band inner conical end matches, the scheme that the drift that also disclose a kind of flush end matches with an inner solid pellet of being with the arch recess.Total all is that an operation, two steppings are so that the inner outwards distortion of rivet or pellet has high-intensity riveted connecting portion with formation.
A favourable structural development of the present invention is that at least one block of sheet material is that metallic plate and at least one block of sheet material are polymeric plate, and described polymeric plate is preheated in riveted connecting portion zone and promotes flowing of polymeric material with in sheet deformation the time.
Though the present invention is specially adapted to connect sheet metal, also be applicable to polymeric material (for example polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene, nylon), wherein one or more sheet metal can be replaced by polymeric material sheet material.For example, this method is applicable to an aluminium sheet is connected on the polypropylene board, can be with polymeric plate local preheating (for example by the supporting punch die), to promote " flowing " property of polymeric material when forming connecting portion.
Another structural development of the present invention is, at applied adhesives on the rivet to assist combining between sheet material and rivet or the pellet.Under rivet is tubular situation, adhesive can be applied in the endoporus of tubular rivet when tubular rivet is out of shape, adhesive clamp-oned in the riveted connecting portion to promote combining between sheet material and the rivet.
Another structural development again of the present invention is that rivet or pellet have at least one outer projection on its soma, to provide additional engagement between rivet or pellet and sheet material in the riveted connecting portion.
The endoporus of rivet or pellet can be processed into screw thread, zigzag or other configurations in order to engaging and to support a fixture, and it for example is used for a wiring grommet supporting, deckboard securing member or analog.Outer surface to provide one to flush on rivet or the pellet is provided an available plastics inserts.
The present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings by embodiment.In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is applicable to the hollow rivet that two metallic plates are riveted together or the sectional view of tubular pellet;
Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 is the sectional view of each step in the two step operations of formation riveted connecting portion of first embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the sectional view of the riveted connecting portion of first embodiment;
Fig. 7 is the tubular rivet of a change type or the sectional view of pellet;
Fig. 8 to Figure 11 is the sectional view of step of single step operation of the formation riveted connecting portion of second embodiment;
Figure 12 is the sectional view of the riveted connecting portion of second embodiment;
Figure 13 is the sectional view of solid rivet or pellet;
Figure 14 and Figure 15 are the sectional views of step of the formation riveted connecting portion of the 3rd embodiment;
Figure 16 is the sectional view of the riveted connecting portion of the 3rd embodiment;
Figure 17 is the sectional view of semitubular rivet or pellet;
Figure 18 to Figure 22 is the sectional view of step of the formation riveted connecting portion of the 4th embodiment;
Figure 23 is the sectional view of the riveted connecting portion of the 4th embodiment;
Figure 24 is a ring (a) vertical view, (b) sectional view and (c) upward view;
Figure 25 is the cutaway view of the riveted connecting portion of the 5th embodiment;
Figure 26 is the similar view of a change type of the riveted connecting portion of Figure 25;
Figure 27 is an element (a) vertical view, (b) sectional view and (c) upward view;
Figure 28 is the sectional view of the riveted connecting portion of the 6th embodiment;
Figure 29 is the similar view of a change type of the riveted connecting portion of Figure 28;
Figure 30 is one second element (a) vertical view, (b) sectional view and (c) upward view;
Figure 31 is the sectional view of the riveted connecting portion of the 7th embodiment;
Figure 32 is the sectional view that shows the riveted connecting portion of Figure 31, and wherein, element is bearing on the punch die.
Referring now to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6,, the tubular rivet 10 of Fig. 1 is driven in the sheet metal and forms the riveted connecting portion of Fig. 6.
The sheet metal 12,13 that is joined together is supported on the die assembly 14 of a riveting tool, die assembly has a distensible and contractile chuck 16, it matches with a base of the carrier head 17 and an anvil block 18, is arranged to make connecting portion 11 can be released after shaping.
Riveting tool 15 has a pretension head 19, is used for metallic plate 12,13 is pressed on die assembly, and has (spring-loaded) interior ball 19A with rivet 10 location and centerings.A drift 20 is contained in the sleeve 21 slidably, and sleeve 21 is contained in the pretension head 19 slidably, and drift 20 and sleeve 21 link to each other with separately hydraulic jack (not shown).
The work of riveting tool 15 is described now.
After pretension head 19 was pressed on metallic plate 12,13 on the die assembly 14, driving drift 20 made it pass rivet 10 and engages with upper plate 12; Sleeve 21 engages with rivet 10.Drift 20 and rivet 10 are advanced, make metallic plate 12,13 distortion enter die assembly 14 (seeing Fig. 4).Then sleeve 21 is advanced and makes the rivet 10 outside distortion in the inner (seeing Fig. 5 and 6).
The insertion of rivet and distortion assist metallic plate 12,13 is locked together in together, have improved its shear strength and axial separation intensity (promptly being respectively the direction of arrow A and B).
The hole 22 of rivet 10 can process screw thread and hold a fixture or a plug spare, with supporting electric wire wiring grommet for example, or holds a plastics inserts so that riveted connecting portion 11 is formed a lid that flushes.
Referring now to Fig. 7 to Figure 12,, the tubular rivet 110 of a change type has a tapered end 123 until its endoporus 122.
In this one-step method, omitted sleeve 21, drift 120 is contained in the pretension head 119 slidably, and metallic plate 112,113 is bearing on the die assembly 114, and is compressed by pretension head 119.Drift 120 engages (see figure 9) with rivet 110, and rivet 110 driven in distortion enters (see figure 10) in the metallic plate 112,113 of die assembly 114.Further advance drift 120 (seeing Figure 11) to make rivet 110 inner distortion and formation riveted connecting portion 111 (seeing Figure 12).
In order to improve the intensity of riveted connecting portion 11,111, can adopt a rivet or a pellet solid or semicanal shape.
Referring now to Figure 13 to Figure 16,, a solid pellet 210 (seeing Figure 13) has an arch recess 222 in its lower end, is used to form the riveted connecting portion 211 of Figure 16.
Pretension head 219 is pressed on metallic plate 212,213 on the die assembly 214 (sees Figure 14).Drift 220 is advanced pellet 210 (as the extension of drift 220) is driven in metallic plate 212,213, make the plate distortion enter die assembly 214 and form riveted connecting portion 211.Should be noted that the head of pellet 210 flushes with the outer surface of plate 212, this connecting portion is applicable to the place of requirement attractive in appearance, for example at car body can observable surface.
Semicanal core piece 310 (seeing Figure 17) has a tapered end 323 until its endoporus 322.
To two step operations shown in Figure 23, pretension head 319 is pressed on metallic plate 312,313 on the die assembly 314 in advance at Figure 18, and makes drift 320 advance (seeing Figure 19) to form the button type riveted connecting portion 311A (seeing Figure 20) of a routine.Drift 320 is return, and a semicanal core piece 310 is put into riveting tool.
Referring now to Figure 24 and Figure 25,, rivet or pellet (10,110,210,310) can be replaced by rings 410 metal or plastics, this ring engages with lower plate 413 and riveted connecting portion 411 is locked, and sheet material 412,413 is deformed in the cone-shaped inner hole 422 of the expansion that enters ring 410.When the drift (not shown) made sheet material 412,413 distortion, ring 410 was supported by a die assembly (not shown), and the effect of ring 410 is as die body.
As shown in figure 26, band or intermediate plate 424 can come for example wiring to be fixed on the car body with ring 410 monolithic moldings., ring 410 can be combined to method shown in Figure 23 with Figure 17, wherein, a pellet solid or semicanal shape is pressed in the riveted connecting portion 411 to form a surface that flushes with sheet material 412 if needed.
Also can use an element 510 (seeing Figure 27 to Figure 29), it has a conical socket or hole 522, with a screwed hole 525 (as the part of unshowned accessory part), element 510 can be used as the punch die of riveted connecting portion 511, and provides a bearing for the accessory part that is fixed on the sheet material 512,513.
As shown in figure 29, a solid pellet 210 can be pressed in the riveted connecting portion 511.(pellet 210 can have screw thread, and a groove is arranged, and crosshead groove or hex shaped groove are so that can take off pellet 210 when needs are taken connecting portion 511 apart).
Figure 30 to Figure 32 has shown the connection of one second element 610, and it has a hole 622 and a smooth bolt head (Figure 30) or a screwed plug head 626 (Figure 31), and second element 610 is fixed in the riveted connecting portion.(profile of bolt head also can engage with for example clamp or locking device).
Figure 32 has shown that element 610 is supported by a die assembly 614 during the riveted step.
In the method shown in Figure 24 to 26, Figure 27 to 29 and Figure 30 to 32, shown the two boards 412,413,512,513,612,613 that is fixed on ring 410 and the element 510,610.This method also can be used for a veneer is fixed on ring 410 or element 510,610.
In addition, in all methods, one or two boards can be polymeric plate (for example polypropylene), and preferably inner panel (for example 13,113) is a polymeric plate, can be with die assembly in the heating of the position of riveted connecting portion, to impel polymeric material " flowing ".
In order to improve recovery, best rivet 10,110, pellet 210,310, ring 410, or element 510,610 is the material of same type with sheet material, because this does not just need to have dismantled connecting portion.
A sign as the advantage of the inventive method, different with spot welding, the solid rivet of use 8mm or pellet and riveted connecting portion binding energy make the shear strength of metallic plate connecting portion improve 50%, and the intensity of shear strength and axial separation direction can both remain within the limit of being controlled.This just means the quantity much less of the comparable spot welding of quantity of riveted connecting portion, but and also bearing assisted assembly of these connecting portions.
Can make various variations and modification for top description and illustrated embodiment, but can not break away from claims of the present invention institute restricted portion.
Claims (8)
1. one kind is utilized a tubular rivet, drift, drift outer sleeve and the pretension head panel clinching methods that rivets together of two boards material at least, and this method may further comprise the steps:
Sheet material to be connected driven in rivet in the sheet material to be pressed in advance with described pretension head before forming the riveted connecting portion at drift support on the punch die, be formed with a perforate of when sheet deformation, holding sheet material on the described supporting punch die;
Rivet is positioned at the top for the treatment of the riveted zone of sheet material, and liner ring is around drift;
Downwards described drift of feeding and described sleeve so that described sheet deformation enter the perforate of described supporting punch die and do not penetrate, to form the riveted connecting portion; With
The described sleeve of the described drift of feeding independently subsequently, so that the inner outwards distortion of the shaft of rivet forms that sheet deformation partly of riveted connecting portion thereby make, rivet can not penetrate sheet material when rivet and sheet deformation.
2. panel clinching methods as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that at least one block of sheet material is that metallic plate and at least one block of sheet material are polymeric plate, and described polymeric plate is preheated in riveted connecting portion zone and promotes flowing of polymeric material with in sheet deformation the time.
3. panel clinching methods as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that at applied adhesives on the rivet to assist combining between sheet material and the rivet.
4. panel clinching methods as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that adhesive is applied in the endoporus of tubular rivet, and adhesive is squeezed in the riveted connecting portion to assist combining between sheet material and the rivet when tubular rivet is out of shape.
5. panel clinching methods as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that rivet has a shaft of rivet, has at least one outer projection on it, in order to additional engagement to be provided between rivet and sheet material in the riveted connecting portion.
6. one kind is utilized a pretension head that has the pellet of the core body of semicanal shape the inner, a drift and the drift periphery panel clinching methods that rivets together of two boards material at least, and this method may further comprise the steps:
With sheet material to be connected at the feeding drift so that sheet deformation and pellet being driven in the sheet material to form before the riveted connecting portion to be pressed in advance with described pretension head supports on the punch die, a perforate of holding the sheet material that has become shape is arranged on the described supporting punch die;
The described drift of feeding is so that described sheet deformation enters the perforate of described supporting punch die and do not penetrate downwards, and to form the riveted connecting portion, drift subsequently raises;
Pellet is placed riveted connecting portion top and make it to aim at described drift;
The feeding drift to be driving in described pellet in the described riveted connecting portion once more, and continues the described drift of feeding so that the inner outwards distortion of the described core body of pellet, thereby makes that sheet deformation partly that forms the riveted connecting portion, and pellet can not penetrate sheet material.
7. panel clinching methods as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that at least one block of sheet material is that metallic plate and at least one block of sheet material are polymeric plate, and described polymeric plate is preheated in riveted connecting portion zone and promotes flowing of polymeric material with in sheet deformation the time.
8. panel clinching methods as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that at applied adhesives on the pellet to assist combining between sheet material and the pellet.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPK9742 | 1991-11-27 | ||
| AUPK974291 | 1991-11-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1078672A CN1078672A (en) | 1993-11-24 |
| CN1041287C true CN1041287C (en) | 1998-12-23 |
Family
ID=3775852
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN92114167A Expired - Fee Related CN1041287C (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1992-11-27 | Improved panel clinching methods |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0614405B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3346566B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100270634B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1041287C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE186484T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9206821A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2123886A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69230291T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2141115T3 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN178893B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9206870A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993010925A1 (en) |
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- 1992-11-25 DE DE69230291T patent/DE69230291T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-25 EP EP92923611A patent/EP0614405B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-25 JP JP50963593A patent/JP3346566B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-25 CA CA002123886A patent/CA2123886A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-25 ES ES92923611T patent/ES2141115T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-25 BR BR9206821A patent/BR9206821A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-25 KR KR1019940701787A patent/KR100270634B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-25 AT AT92923611T patent/ATE186484T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-25 WO PCT/AU1992/000631 patent/WO1993010925A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-11-26 IN IN862CA1992 patent/IN178893B/en unknown
- 1992-11-27 MX MX9206870A patent/MX9206870A/en unknown
- 1992-11-27 CN CN92114167A patent/CN1041287C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN100383409C (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2008-04-23 | 达方电子股份有限公司 | Riveting method and device for metal plate |
| CN105414437A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-23 | 西安交通大学 | Plate connecting method capable of using prepressing holes of soft rivet column and riveting compounding |
| CN105414437B (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2018-01-16 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of precompressed hole using soft riveting post and the compound sheet material connection method of riveting |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0614405B2 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
| EP0614405A1 (en) | 1994-09-14 |
| ATE186484T1 (en) | 1999-11-15 |
| IN178893B (en) | 1997-07-19 |
| EP0614405B1 (en) | 1999-11-10 |
| BR9206821A (en) | 1995-12-12 |
| ES2141115T3 (en) | 2000-03-16 |
| DE69230291T3 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
| WO1993010925A1 (en) | 1993-06-10 |
| JP3346566B2 (en) | 2002-11-18 |
| MX9206870A (en) | 1993-07-01 |
| CN1078672A (en) | 1993-11-24 |
| KR100270634B1 (en) | 2000-12-01 |
| EP0614405A4 (en) | 1997-02-05 |
| DE69230291T2 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
| DE69230291D1 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
| JPH07503663A (en) | 1995-04-20 |
| CA2123886A1 (en) | 1993-06-10 |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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| C15 | Extension of patent right duration from 15 to 20 years for appl. with date before 31.12.1992 and still valid on 11.12.2001 (patent law change 1993) | ||
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| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |