CN104125762B - Z type longitudinal groove type mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Z type longitudinal groove type mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104125762B
CN104125762B CN201410260934.9A CN201410260934A CN104125762B CN 104125762 B CN104125762 B CN 104125762B CN 201410260934 A CN201410260934 A CN 201410260934A CN 104125762 B CN104125762 B CN 104125762B
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electromagnetic shielding
composite material
shielding composite
nickel plating
silver
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CN104125762A (en
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田小建
孙恒
孙恒一
高博
吴戈
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a Z type longitudinal groove type mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic shielding composite materials. The electromagnetic shielding composite material is formed by clamping a layer of graphite nickel plating conductive rubber (2) between two net structure metal film layers (1), one surface of the graphite nickel plating conductive rubber (2) is provided with a row of strip-shaped grooves (4) with the cross sections being parallelograms and the tops provided with openings, and each net structure metal film layer (1) forms a net structure formed by coating a base material of a polyurethane material with a mixed metal film of aluminum, copper and silver. According to the Z type longitudinal groove type mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material, random incident electromagnetic waves are reflected to a framework of a Z type structure, energy of the electromagnetic waves is gradually absorbed and consumed, and the Z type longitudinal groove type mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material has excellent electromagnetic shielding effect especially under the frequency band of 11.8-13 GHz and further has the advantages of ventilation, heat dissipation, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance.

Description

Mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic shielding composite material, more particularly to a kind of new electromagnetic wave absorption shielding radiating Composite and preparation method thereof.Slot type mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material in Z-type longitudinal direction of the present invention is in structure design It is significantly improved with processing technique, meets the indices required by technical field of electromagnetic compatibility.
Background technology
In military field, because electromagnetic wave can penetrate military equipment and components and parts, to radar, communication apparatus, various The interference of the mass destruction weapon such as guided missile and cannon, makes its out of control cause huge loss and threat.Electromagnetism battlefield goes out It is existing, make to develop into informationization from mechanization in military affairs, the land, sea, air army occur in that new military affairs on original three dimensions The mode of operation --- electronic warfare, electronic warfare is exactly as its name suggests as force by using electromagnetic equipment or the electromagnetic wave of equipment generation Device, should intactly launch and receive electromagnetic signal, disturb again, hold transmitting and receive electromagnetic signal.Electromagnetic screen Cover composite to can apply in electronic warfare, play a protective role, prevent interference, prevent military secrecy from revealing.According to The electromagnetic wave transmission principle that Schelkunoff is proposed, electromagnetic shielding composite material is to the absorption of electromagnetic wave more than reflection and throwing The material penetrated can serve as in military stealth material.
On medical domain, the electromagnetic wave produced by some armarium, chronic exposure to people knows from experience cause cancer, heart and brain The various serious diseases such as blood vessel.Rational arrangement electromagnetic shielding composite material, can make the armarium for producing unwanted electromagnetic wave Absorption masks harmful electromagnetic wave, reduces Expectancy.
On sphere of life, the automobile of high-end automatization can cause the important portion of automobile after the interference by electromagnetic wave Part failure, causes casualties or property loss.Electromagnetic shielding composite material is applied to the equipment for producing Electromagnetic Interference source On, can not only prevent external electromagnetic wave from disturbing it, the electromagnetic wave for masking source device oneself generation can also be absorbed.
Electromagnetic interference and harm in eliminate or reducing different industries field, the species of electromagnetic shielding composite material is increasingly Increase.Basic electromagnetic shielding composite material has conductive rubber, electrically-conducting paint, conducting resinl conductive grease, adhesive sticker aluminium strip, conductive paper Conductive fabric etc., though these electromagnetic shielding composite materials are easy to use, cost performance is excellent, its limitation than larger, for random The absorption of frequency electromagnetic and shield effectiveness be not high.
The prior art close with the present invention is that copper disclosed in ZL200310115960.4-nickel-copper electromagnetic wave shielding absorbs Alloy disorder for shielding net, window.With sponge-like foam as base material, with the method for magnetron sputtering, sponge shape foam plasticss base is made Material metallizes.The preparation of such common disordered structure hole electromagnetic shielding material, only need to be carried out on spongy foam sheet material Simple pretreatment, is then obtained cystose hole and closes using magnetron sputtering technique method by metal deposition to sponge surface Golden net.Pore structure that this method is formed is fairly simple and metallic copper is easily aoxidized, and causes the conductive capability of metal net surface Significantly decline, so as to reduce electromagnet shield effect.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, by Z-type longitudinal direction slot type structure designing for electromagnetic shielding material, Shielding material internal networking structure can be limited in quasi- one-dimensional square, due to its special construction type skeleton, for entering into Z-type The electromagnetic wave of the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of longitudinal slot type has the reflection-absorption effect of orientation, therefore to the suction of electromagnetic wave Receive and improved with shield effectiveness, can meet higher to electromagnetic shielding requirements and higher with the relative compactness of object to shielding material Environment.
The present invention is that two kinds of different electromagnetic shielding materials are formed by mixed pressure complex method.In design, it is to meet to dissipate The conditions such as heat ventilation, the slit area of shielding material requirement of trying one's best reaches minimum, and with the higher conductive gasket of shielding propertiess come Reduce the electromagnetic wave leakage produced by gap.The mode of general perforate mainly has order arrangement and Heterogeneous Permutation, low-frequency range perforate The shield effectiveness of order arrangement mode apparently higher than Heterogeneous Permutation mode because the slit of Heterogeneous Permutation can increase electromagnetic wave The length of magnetic path, affects the absorbent properties of shielding material.In order to increase performance of ventilation and heat dispersion, area identical Heterogeneous Permutation mode dissipates Hot meeting is more than order arrangement mode.The factors such as shield effectiveness and the ventilation of shielding material are considered, so selecting with unordered Property dislocation slit structure elastico-plastic mesh skeleton structure type polyurethane material and be designed to the plating of slit tactic graphite The version that nickel conductive rubber is composited, to expand the usage range of shielding material.
The concrete technical scheme of the electromagnetic shielding composite material of the present invention is as follows.
The mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of a kind of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type, by graphite nickel plating conductive rubber 2 and netted knot The metallic diaphragm 1 of structure is composited;Characterized in that, described graphite nickel plating conductive rubber 2, a surface is provided with platoon leader's bar Groove 4, the cross section of strip groove 4 be parallelogram, open top;Described cancellated metallic diaphragm 1, is with poly- ammonia Ester material is base material, and the hybrid metal film that aluminum, copper and silver are plated with base material slit wall forms network structure;The netted knot of two-layer It is viscous and integral that the metallic diaphragm 1 of structure is sandwiched between one layer of graphite nickel plating conductive rubber 2.
Described metallic diaphragm, can be order being plated on base material slit wall for Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding-silver or silver-copper-aluminum Hybrid metal film, or aluminum, copper and silver do not have the sequential mixed and disorderly hybrid metal film being plated on base material slit wall.
The present invention for the parallelogram elongated slot size being provided with graphite nickel plating conductive rubber, according to rectangle slit Length, width, depth, cavity thickness have affected on shield effectiveness.Therefore the present invention devises the rhombus hole slot that the length of side is 3mm. That is, described strip groove 4, is the groove of the diamond-shaped cross-section that the length of side is 3mm, and the drift angle of rhombus is 30 °~60 °.
The mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type of the present invention has quasi-one-dimensional architectural feature, because of Z Type knot electromagnetic wave propagation in the perpendicular direction when, limited by spatially, and by force by the reflection of electromagnetic wave in Z-type tie Inside mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material, by internal metal alloy electromagnetic wave is consumed and absorbed.Because of electromagnetic wave After being transferred in the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type structure, most of electromagnetic wave can only be anti-by horizontal direction Penetrate, therefore claim quasi- one-dimensional square.
The mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type of the present invention is in 2~15GHz of bandwidth of operation, shielding Efficiency is in 70~120dB.Optimal bandwidth of operation is 11.8GHz~13GHz, during this bandwidth of operation shield effectiveness 110~ 120dB.Shield effectiveness will height with respect to other shielding materials.
On the basis of existing electromagnetic shielding composite material graphite nickel plating conductive rubber, design improves its knot to the present invention Structure, the Z-type longitudinal direction slot type structure for having optimized and having met the present invention on capability of electromagnetic shielding is setting for electromagnetic shielding material Meter is required.Graphite nickel plating conductive rubber adds the compound type electromagnetic screen that is prepared into of graphite packing after nickel plating as base material with silicone rubber Cover material, it may have electric conductivity is high, high temperature resistant the features such as.The mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite wood of Z-type longitudinal direction of the present invention slot type Material can apply to various different fields, can be to incident electro-magnetic wave absorption and internally reflected loss, by electromagnetic wave The interference of object is reached minimum.
In the preparation, the first electromagnetic shielding material of the invention is to be with elastico-plastic mesh skeleton structure type polyurethane Base material, by the method for magnetron sputtering plating, is plated on mixed metal alloy substrate surface and forms hybrid metal film, base material slit Wall and inner skeleton structure be made up of hybrid metal copper, aluminum, silver (speciality of polyurethane material itself be exactly randomness slit knot Structure, after metal ion is coated on completely the surface of polyurethane material, forms metallic framework, as framing structure).Due to poly- ammonia The network structure on ester surface is randomness, therefore shape, the size of its slit net are also all random.Second of the present invention is electric Magnetic shielding material is to use graphite nickel plating conductive rubber, and graphite nickel plating conductive rubber is existing product, is passed through the side for slotting Formula, makes the rectangular channel that n column pitch in a row is that 2mm sizes are 3mm × 3mm, as shown in Figure 1 as new base material.By inciting somebody to action The first electromagnetic shielding material (elastico-plastic mesh skeleton structure type polyurethane material) after the mixed metal alloy of plating directly with Twin-screw extrusion and solution mixing method and the mixed pressure of second electromagnetic shielding material (graphite nickel plating conductive rubber), after mixed pressure Original shape and angle are changed, the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding material of Z-type structural type is obtained as shown in Figure 2.
The technical scheme of the preparation method of the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type of the present invention is concluded It is as follows.
A kind of preparation method of the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type, with polyurethane as base material, leads to The process of magnetron sputtering plating is crossed, the surface with slit that aluminum, copper, silver are plated on base material is formed into hybrid metal film, be obtained Cancellated metallic diaphragm 1, described magnetron sputtering plating is to make sputtering source with aluminum, copper, silver respectively, by Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding-silver or The order of silver-copper-aluminum is successively plated on substrate surface and forms hybrid metal film, or while is sputtered with aluminum, copper, silver Source, is plated on together substrate surface and forms hybrid metal film;Output a row on a surface of graphite nickel plating conductive rubber 2 to cut Face is the elongated slot 3 of rectangle, and the height of elongated slot 3 is less than the thickness of graphite nickel plating conductive rubber 2;The graphite nickel plating of elongated slot 3 will be provided with Conductive rubber 2 is placed in overlapping mixed pressure in the middle of the cancellated metallic diaphragm of two-layer 1, and the elongated slot 3 for making rectangular cross-section is pressed into and cuts Face is the strip groove 4 of parallelogram, and makes the graphite nickel plating conductive rubber of the cancellated metallic diaphragm 1 of two-layer and centre 2 are bonded into one.
Described graphite nickel plating conductive rubber 2, thickness can be 4~5mm;It is described in graphite nickel plating conductive rubber 2 The elongated slot 3 of row's rectangular cross-section, the elongated slot 3 of square sectional preferably are outputed on one surface, the foursquare length of side is 3mm;After overlapping mixed pressure, the elongated slot 3 of square sectional becomes the strip groove 4 of diamond-shaped cross-section, and is depressed into the drift angle of rhombus and is 30 °~60 °.
The graphite nickel plating conductive rubber that the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type of the present invention is selected Shear strength is 50ppi, and tensile strength is 150psi (1.02Mpa), and specific insulation is 3.17 × 10-3Ω cm, graphite plating The bulk density of the graphite powder of nickel conductive rubber is 1.0~1.8g/cm3, the accumulation graphite powder of galvanoplastic can be passed through.
The polyurethane base material that the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type of the present invention is selected, is ensureing In the case of base material thickness, the hole density of substrate surface is bigger, obtained shielding material shield effectiveness is higher, but due to base Material cannot ensure in process of production the uniform of its hole density, thus selected by the present invention be thickness be 1.5~2mm, average hole Density is 620~660g/m2Elastane.
After magnetron sputtering plating forms hybrid metal film, it is also possible to annealing plasticizing, annealing plasticizing is 600~800 Constant temperature 2.5 hours at DEG C, make polyurethane plasticizing deformation.
Magnetron sputtering membrane process condition can be, 350~384V of running voltage, 1.9~2KW of power, sputtering time 25 ~90 minutes.
During the present invention is according to the existing processing technology of electromagnetic shielding composite material, magnetron sputtering embrane method and mixed pressure side have been selected The preparation method of formula.Magnetron sputtering embrane method is to use magnetic-controlled sputtering coating equipment, by one or more metals with high-speed low temperature Mode is plated on material surface.The technological requirement is completed under vacuum conditions, by arranging sputtering current, sputtering voltage or sputtering Power, under certain sputtering pressure, required coating film thickness is weighed with sputtering time.Magnetron sputtering membrane process are one strong Metal ion deposition processed material surface process, the material obtained using this technique, the attachment of its metallic diaphragm and base material Power is significantly larger than other coating process.Mixed pressure technique is that twin-screw extrusion equipment and solution batch mixing will be squeezed after different materials molding Go out.The technique will be plastified uniform melting charge equipressure and equally extruded by the stable persistence operating of screw rod, meet high score The molding of sub- material and the high request of hybrid technique.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is, slot type mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material in Z-type longitudinal direction possesses special Z Type slot type structure, can absorb the electromagnetic wave of Random Incident in its internal reflection, and electromagnetic wave is constantly reflected in Z-type structure On skeleton, the energy for consuming electromagnetic wave is gradually absorbed.While with excellent effectiveness, also with ventilation and heat With high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant feature.The design of this electromagnetic shielding composite material can be advantageously applied to military Stealth weapons On equipment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the assembling schematic diagram for preparing the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type.
Fig. 3 is graphite nickel plating sheet rubber schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is graphite nickel plating conductive rubber and cancellated metallic diaphragm assembling schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type after mixed pressure is combined.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1 combines the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material structure of Fig. 2 explanation Z-types longitudinal direction slot type.
As shown in Fig. 21 is cancellated metallic diaphragm, 2 is graphite nickel plating conductive rubber, and 4 is parallel four side of strip The groove of tee section.Cancellated metallic diaphragm 1 is the plating on the base material slit wall of plasticizing with polyurethane material as base material The hybrid metal film for having aluminum, copper and silver forms network structure.There is the parallelogram section groove of strip on one of surface 4, the open top of the parallelogram section groove 4 of strip.The groove 4 of parallelogram section be by preparation in graphite What the extruding of square-section groove 3 carved on one face of nickel plating conductive rubber 2 was formed.
The groove 4 of the parallelogram section of preferred strip, is the groove of diamond-shaped cross-section, and the drift angle of rhombus is at 30 ° ~60 ° of scopes.
Embodiment 2 combines the preparation method that Fig. 2 illustrates the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type
1) it is 2mm that elastico-plastic polyurethane material selects thickness, and slit density is relatively large;Its surface aperture density For 660g/m2, be placed on vacuum magnetron sputtering film plating machine, in order respectively to its plating aluminum, copper, three kinds of metals of silver ( Can be the order of silver, copper, aluminum), make it that there is mixed metal alloy film, and 30cm × 30cm is cut to, netted knot is obtained The metallic diaphragm 1 of structure.
Different sputtering times is adopted to not same metal, every layer of metallic diaphragm thickness is made in 300~500nm scopes.It is right Sputter 25~40 minutes in copper, the thickness of 300~500nm can be obtained, for aluminum, silver sputtering 55~90 minutes, can obtain The thickness of 300~500nm.
2) thickness of the sheet rubber selected is 5mm, passes sequentially through chemical plating and galvanoplastic and is deposited on nikel powder and graphite powder On sheet rubber, graphite nickel plating conductive rubber 2 is formed, and be cut to 30cm × 30cm.
3) by graphite nickel plating sheet rubber on a side surface cutting elongated groove 3, formed a line n row sectional dimension be 3mm × 3mm Strip square sectional elongated slot 3, the distance between the adjacent edge of elongated slot 3 of two square sectionals is 2mm.
4) the graphite nickel plating conductive rubber 2 for being provided with the elongated slot 3 of square sectional is assembled in into the cancellated metal of two-layer In the middle of film layer 1, by way of mixed pressure is compound, i.e. the preparation method of twin-screw extrusion and solution batch mixing is compound to together, is formed Accurate one-dimensional mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material (as shown in Figure 2).
5) by the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type under shield effectiveness test environment, in work During with a width of 2GHz~15GHz, its shield effectiveness is about 70~110dB, and maximum can reach 120dB, and radiating effect is good.
Embodiment 3 combines the preparation method that Fig. 2 illustrates the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type
1) it is 2mm that elastico-plastic polyurethane material selects thickness, and slit density is relatively large;Its surface aperture density For 630g/m2, vacuum magnetron sputtering film plating machine is placed on simultaneously to its plated copper, aluminum, silver-colored three kinds of metals, make it have mixed Metal alloy film, and 30cm × 30cm is cut to, cancellated metallic diaphragm 1 is obtained.
For aluminum, copper, silver are sputtered 60~90 minutes together, the thickness of 900~1400nm can be obtained.
2) from the graphite nickel plating conductive rubber 2 of commercialization, its thickness is 4mm, the bulk density of graphite powder is 1.0~ 1.8g/cm3, shear strength is 50ppi, and tensile strength is 150psi (1.02Mpa), and specific insulation is 3.17 × 10-3Ω· cm.It is cut to 30cm × 30cm.
Later technical process 3), 4) and process conditions with embodiment 2.
5) by the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type under shield effectiveness test environment, in work During with a width of 2GHz~15GHz, its shield effectiveness is minimum 95dB, maximum 120dB, and radiating effect is good.
The preparation method of the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type
Summary:The slit combination of electromagnetic shielding material directly affects its shield effectiveness, limits and uses field.The present invention Design and will possess unordered dislocation slit the is arranged, polyurethane material of elastico-plastic mesh skeleton structural type and the arrangement of slit order Graphite nickel plating conductive rubber be combined, form the mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type.In 40M~3GHz (2~15GHz is defined as 2-15GHz by later experiments, bandwidth of operation, and this bandwidth of operation application scope is space flight boat Sky, high-frequency communication, industry etc.) under frequency range, electromagnet shield effect is 90~120dB, and heat dissipation ventilation works well.
Key word:Electromagnetic shielding material;Slit;Shield effectiveness;Mixed metal.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type mixes metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material, by graphite nickel plating conductive rubber (2) and netted knot The metallic diaphragm (1) of structure is composited;Characterized in that, the thickness of described graphite nickel plating conductive rubber is 4~5mm, graphite Content of the powder in conductive rubber is 1.0~1.8g/cm3, described graphite nickel plating conductive rubber (2), a surface is provided with one Platoon leader's bar groove (4), described strip groove (4), be the length of side be 3mm diamond-shaped cross-section groove, open top, the top of rhombus Angle is 30 °~60 °;Described cancellated metallic diaphragm (1), is with polyurethane material as base material, on base material slit wall The hybrid metal film for being plated with aluminum, copper and silver forms network structure;The cancellated metallic diaphragm of two-layer (1) is sandwiched between one layer Graphite nickel plating conductive rubber (2) is viscous and integral.
2. Z-type longitudinal direction according to claim 1 slot type mixes metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material, it is characterised in that institute The metallic diaphragm stated, is that order is Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding-silver or the hybrid metal film being plated on base material slit wall of silver-copper-aluminum, or It is that aluminum, copper and silver do not have the sequential mixed and disorderly hybrid metal film being plated on base material slit wall.
3. a kind of Z-type longitudinal direction slot type of claim 1 mixes the preparation method of metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material, with polyurethane For base material, by the process of magnetron sputtering plating, aluminum, copper, silver are plated on into surface of the base material with slit and form hybrid metal Film, is obtained cancellated metallic diaphragm (1), and described magnetron sputtering plating is to make sputtering source with aluminum, copper, silver respectively, is pressed The order of Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding-silver or silver-copper-aluminum is successively plated on base material slit wall formation hybrid metal film, or while with Aluminum, copper, silver make sputtering source, and formation hybrid metal film on base material slit wall is plated on together;In graphite nickel plating conductive rubber (2) It is foursquare elongated slot (3) that a row section is outputed on one surface, and the described foursquare length of side is 3mm, and graphite nickel plating is conductive The thickness of rubber is 4~5mm, and the bulk density of graphite powder is 1.0~1.8g/cm3;The graphite nickel plating for being provided with elongated slot (3) is led Electric rubber (2) is placed in overlapping mixed pressure in the middle of the cancellated metallic diaphragm of two-layer (1), and the elongated slot (3) for making rectangular cross-section is suppressed It is the strip groove (4) of parallelogram into section, and makes the graphite nickel plating of the cancellated metallic diaphragm of two-layer (1) and centre Conductive rubber (2) is bonded into one.
4. Z-type longitudinal direction according to claim 3 slot type mixes the preparation method of metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material, and it is special Levy and be, it is 620~660g/m that described polyurethane base material is thickness for 1.5~2mm, average cell density2Elastic polyurethane Material.
CN201410260934.9A 2014-06-12 2014-06-12 Z type longitudinal groove type mixed metal alloy electromagnetic shielding composite material and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN104125762B (en)

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CN113555974B (en) * 2021-07-29 2023-10-10 西南交通大学 Mixed shielding structure for inhibiting leakage magnetic field of wireless power supply system and optimization method thereof

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