CN113555974B - Mixed shielding structure for inhibiting leakage magnetic field of wireless power supply system and optimization method thereof - Google Patents
Mixed shielding structure for inhibiting leakage magnetic field of wireless power supply system and optimization method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113555974B CN113555974B CN202110865295.9A CN202110865295A CN113555974B CN 113555974 B CN113555974 B CN 113555974B CN 202110865295 A CN202110865295 A CN 202110865295A CN 113555974 B CN113555974 B CN 113555974B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/70—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed shielding structure for inhibiting a leakage magnetic field of a wireless power supply system and an optimization method thereof, belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic shielding, and solves the problem of the leakage magnetic field caused by loose coupling characteristics of the existing wireless power supply system, and the method comprises the following steps: step 1: constructing a passive hybrid shielding structure formed by combining a metal conductor and a shielding coil; step 2: analyzing the influence of the passive mixed shielding structure parameters on the shielding effect, and determining parameters to be optimized; step 3: the working performance of the system is synthesized, a passive mixed shielding structure parameter optimization model is built, and the working performance of the system comprises transmission efficiency and shielding effectiveness; step 4: and (3) solving the parameter optimization model in the step (3) to obtain the optimal parameters of the passive hybrid shielding structure. The invention solves the problem of magnetic field enhancement of partial areas caused by purely relying on the shielding coil as a shielding structure, improves the electromagnetic shielding effect of the wireless power supply system under the condition that the coil is opposite to the coil, and still has good shielding effect under the offset condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic shielding, and particularly relates to a hybrid shielding structure for inhibiting a leakage magnetic field of a wireless power supply system and an optimization method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the use of fossil fuels in large quantities brings serious challenges to the environment of partial regions and countries, and electric vehicles are widely focused on the characteristic of being friendly to the environment, and wireless power supply technology is also being researched more and more as an effective solution for improving the charging flexibility and convenience of the electric vehicles.
The current resonant wireless power supply system of the electric automobile comprises the following components in part by working process: the method comprises the steps of rectifying single-phase power frequency alternating current into direct current, inverting the direct current into high-frequency alternating current, acting on a primary side coil as excitation to generate a high-frequency magnetic field, wherein the faraday electromagnetic induction principle shows that a secondary side coil in a resonance state can induce voltage and current, rectifying and filtering the voltage and current, and then charging a battery of an electric automobile, so that non-contact transmission of electric energy is realized; however, because the system is in a loose coupling state, the magnetic field can not be leaked outwards, and serious threat is brought to the safety of human bodies.
In order to suppress the leakage magnetic field of the wireless power supply system, shielding modes are generally classified into an active shielding and a passive shielding according to whether or not an additional power supply is used; the active shielding relies on an external power supply to generate a magnetic field with a counteracting effect so as to achieve the purpose of inhibiting a leakage magnetic field, but the extra power supply occupies space, has a larger influence on an original system, and has a poorer shielding effect under the condition of misalignment of coils; whereas the passive shield side suppresses the leakage magnetic field by adding high permeability, high conductivity, meit, etc. materials, or LC coils. Due to the law of conservation of energy, if only an LC coil is used for suppressing a leakage magnetic field, the situation that the magnetic field of a partial region of a space is weakened and the magnetic field of the partial region is enhanced still occurs, and the shielding effect and the shielding range are still poor. Therefore, a passive shielding structure with good shielding effect, wide shielding range and good shielding effect under the offset condition is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at:
in order to solve the problem of leakage magnetic field caused by loose coupling characteristic of the existing wireless power supply system, a hybrid shielding structure for restraining the leakage magnetic field of the wireless power supply system and an optimization method thereof are provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a mixed shielding structure of suppression wireless power supply system magnetic leakage field, includes transmitting coil, receiving coil and passive mixed shielding structure, passive mixed shielding structure includes horizontal metal sheet, receiving coil installs in horizontal metal sheet, all be connected with banded metal sheet on the perpendicular all around the horizontal metal sheet, install the shape metal sheet that returns in the horizontal metal sheet, the shape metal sheet that returns comprises inner circle metal sheet and the outer lane metal sheet that the cover was located inner circle metal sheet outlying, and the shape metal sheet that returns is close to one of them perpendicular and is on a parallel with the perpendicular setting of horizontal metal sheet, and the lower extreme part of shape metal sheet stretches out horizontal metal sheet, installs rectangular shielding coil in the shape metal sheet that returns, transmitting coil below and receiving coil all are connected with the strip magnetic core.
Further, the strip-shaped magnetic cores are manganese-zinc ferrite magnetic cores, nx strip-shaped magnetic cores are respectively arranged at the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, and are radially arranged below the transmitting coil and above the receiving coil, wherein Nx is a natural number greater than zero.
Further, an adjusting capacitor is connected in series in the rectangular shielding coil, and the rectangular shielding coil is formed by winding Nc turn litz wires, wherein Nc is a natural number larger than zero.
A hybrid shielding structure optimization method for inhibiting a leakage magnetic field of a wireless power supply system comprises the following steps:
step 1: constructing a passive hybrid shielding structure formed by combining a metal conductor and a shielding coil;
step 2: analyzing the influence of the passive mixed shielding structure parameters on the shielding effect, and determining parameters to be optimized;
step 3: the working performance of the system is synthesized, a passive mixed shielding structure parameter optimization model is built, and the working performance of the system comprises transmission efficiency and shielding effectiveness;
step 4: and (3) solving the parameter optimization model in the step (3) to obtain the optimal parameters of the passive hybrid shielding structure.
Further, step 1 includes the steps of:
step 1.1: placing a horizontal metal plate over the receiving coil;
step 1.2: the litz wire and a series capacitor C thereof form a rectangular shielding coil, and the series capacitor C is used for changing the equivalent impedance of the rectangular shielding coil;
step 1.3: and (2) placing a rectangular shielding coil in the cavity of the rectangular metal plate, and then placing the structure below the horizontal metal plate in the step (1.1), wherein the horizontal metal plate has the characteristics of high conductivity and low magnetic conductivity.
Further, the step 2 includes the following steps:
step 2.1: p target surfaces for measuring the intensity of the leakage magnetic field are selected;
step 2.2: selecting N target points on each target surface, and taking the average magnetic field density on the selected target surface as a reference index for measuring the magnetic field environment of the surface;
step 2.3: and changing parameters of the passive hybrid shielding structure, respectively calculating the magnetic field density on the selected target surface, and determining parameters to be optimized which have influence on the shielding effectiveness of the passive hybrid shielding structure, wherein the parameters of the passive hybrid shielding structure comprise the size of a metal conductor, the number of turns of a rectangular shielding coil, the equivalent inductance and the spatial position.
Further, the step 3 includes the following steps:
step 3.1: taking an influence value brought by a passive hybrid shielding structure to an original system as a constraint condition, wherein the constraint condition comprises increased weight and cost and the reduction of transmission efficiency caused by the increased weight and cost;
step 3.2: calculating the magnetic field density of the target point on the selected target surface, taking the average magnetic field density of the target point on the selected target surface as an optimization target, and minimizing the value through optimization;
step 3.3: based on the constraint conditions and the optimization targets in the steps 3.1 and 3.2, P is the number of the selected target surfaces, N is the number of the selected target points on the target surfaces, and B is used ijx ,B ijy And B ijz Representing the magnetic field density in the x, y, z direction of the target point, expressed in terms of constraints, by W, C, η for system weight, cost, transmission efficiency, and subscript sh and 0 for systems with and without passive hybrid shielding structures, α, β, δ beingAnd a constant larger than 0 is valued according to the actual application scene, and the passive hybrid shielding structure parameter optimization model is as follows:
s.t.W sh -W 0 ≤α·W 0
C sh -C 0 ≤β·C 0
η 0 -η sh ≤δ·η 0 。
further, the step 4 includes the following steps:
step 4.1: solving the passive hybrid shielding structure parameter optimization model in the step 3.3 based on the set constraint conditions;
step 4.2: and selecting optimal passive mixed shielding structure parameters, and determining the size of the horizontal metal plate, the number of turns of the rectangular shielding coil, the equivalent inductance and the spatial position.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention provides a passive hybrid shielding structure composed of a metal conductor and a shielding coil. The electromagnetic shielding mechanism of the metal conductor is combined, the problem of magnetic field enhancement of a partial area caused by purely relying on the shielding coil as a shielding structure is effectively solved, the electromagnetic shielding effect of the wireless power supply system under the condition that the coil is just opposite is improved, the electromagnetic shielding effect is good under the offset condition, the electromagnetic shielding range is effectively enlarged, and the influence on the energy transfer characteristic of the original system is small.
2. The invention provides a more accurate important index for measuring the magnetic field environment, solves the problem that the single observation point can not well reflect the spatial magnetic field distribution by adopting an observation mode of multiple target surfaces and multiple target points, and also provides an index for measuring the shielding effect for optimizing the structural parameters and experimental verification.
3. In order to improve engineering applicability of the shielding structure, the invention considers the installation simplicity of the shielding structure, takes the weight, the transmission efficiency reduction degree and the shielding efficiency which are increased relative to the original system as constraint conditions, optimizes the position and the parameters of the shielding structure, and lays a foundation for the installation and the implementation of the shielding structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the design concept of the coupling structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wireless power supply system and passive hybrid shielding structure thereof;
FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the present invention with a passive hybrid shield structure;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the selection of a target surface and a target point and the positional relationship thereof;
FIG. 5 is an optimized three-dimensional view of the placement of the shielding structure and the equivalent inductance of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the magnetic field density of the target point on the target surface A in the case of coil facing of different shielding structures;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the magnetic field density of the target point on the target surface B with the coils facing each other;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the magnetic field density of target points of different shielding structures under the condition that the energy-transfer coil is shifted by 100mm in the Y positive direction;
fig. 9 is a graph of system power distribution under different shielding configurations with coils facing.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2, the passive hybrid shielding structure and the parameter optimization method thereof of the present invention are used for realizing suppression of a leakage magnetic field of a wireless power supply system, wherein the wireless power supply system is composed of an energy transmission part and a passive hybrid shielding structure thereof, the energy transmission part is composed of a transmitting coil positioned below and a receiving coil positioned above, and the passive hybrid shielding structure is composed of a horizontal metal aluminum plate, a strip-shaped metal aluminum plate, a loop-shaped metal aluminum plate, a rectangular multi-turn coil and a strip-shaped magnetic core.
A wireless energy transmission part, a vertical distance h between a transmitting coil and a receiving coil 1 To reduce the proximity effect and skin effect of the coils, both coils were wound with 30 turns of litz wire of 3mm diameter, 0.1mm x 450 strand gauge, with an outer radius R 1 ＝200mm。
The passive mixed shielding structure is composed of passive shielding materials, wherein the length l of the rectangular metal aluminum plate 1 =390 mm, width l 2 =35 mm, height l 3 =60 mm, with an internal packing thickness of 5mm; the rectangular shielding coil is formed by winding litz wires with the specification of 3mm and 0.1mm by 450 strands and the length of the litz wires is 380mm and the width of the litz wires is 12mm, and the rectangular shielding coil is placed on the inner wall of a cavity of the rectangular metal aluminum plate; a capacitor is connected in series with the rectangular shielding coil to adjust the inductance value of the rectangular shielding coil, and L is used for eq Representing the equivalent inductance of a rectangular shielding coil; mn-Zn ferrite with high magnetic flux characteristic is selected as magnetic core, its length l 4 Width l =200 mm 5 =50mm, thickness l 6 The core is placed beyond the inner diameter d of the coil =10mm 1 A position of =50mm, and six magnetic cores are uniformly placed under the transmitting coil and above the receiving coil in a radial shape; the horizontal aluminum plate is square, and the side length of the horizontal aluminum plate is l 7 =800 mm, thickness 3mm; strip-shaped metal aluminum plates are arranged at the four edges of the horizontal aluminum plate, and the length l of the strip-shaped metal aluminum plates is equal to 7 =800 mm, width l 8 =32 mm, thickness 3mm; a rectangular coil with a series capacitor is placed under a horizontal aluminum plate with four vertical strip aluminum plates, the distance from the edge is denoted by distance, and the above-mentioned hybrid structure is placed over the receiving side coil core.
Example 2
Please refer to fig. 3, which is an equivalent circuit diagram under the shielding coil mechanism, U in And U out For inputting and outputting voltage, U 1 ,I 1 And U 2 ，I 2 For primary side, secondary side voltage and current, I out To output current, R L For the load, capacitance C d And plays roles of filtering and voltage stabilization. L (L) 1 、R 1 And L 2 、R 2 Inductance and resistance of primary side and secondary side coils respectively, C 1 、C 2 For the corresponding resonance capacitance L 3 、R 3 C for shielding the equivalent inductance and resistance of the coil under the action of the aluminum plate 3 To adjust the capacitance of the equivalent inductance of the shielding coil, M 12 、M 13 、M 23 For mutual inductance between every two coils, MOS tube S 1 -S 4 And diode D 1 -D 4 An inverter bridge and a rectifier bridge are formed.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 4, in order to solve the problem that the observation point is single and the shielding effect expression has limitation, the invention provides a wireless power supply system d 2 =40 mm, height h 2 =320 mm, 680mm width, height h from ground 3 Target surface of =131 mm as target surface a, at distance a surface d 3 A position of=180 mm, a target surface of the same size is set as a target surface B; because the target surface is symmetrically placed, the magnetic field density of the left side and the right side of the target surface is measured only in a half area of the target surface, the position relation of target points on the target surface is shown in the figure, 25 points are divided into 5 rows, the distances between the rows are the same, and the distance between the rows is an arithmetic progression taking 40mm as the first 20mm as a tolerance.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 5, a wireless power supply system and a passive hybrid shielding structure model thereof are built by utilizing Ansys Maxwell finite element simulation software, and important parameters L thereof are calculated eq And performing optimization processing on distance, and selecting efficiency and shielding effect as constraint conditions, wherein the influence on the efficiency of the original system is required to be within +/-2%, and the shielding effect on the target surface is required to be more than 50%. For L eq When no capacitor is connected in series, the inductance of the rectangular shielding coil is 8.62 mu H, so that the equivalent inductance can be scanned from 1.62 mu H to 8.62 mu H with 1 mu H as a tolerance; similarly, for distance, scanning can be performed from 0 to 120mm with a tolerance of 10mm, each matched for 104 combinations, and measuring the selected object under each combinationThe magnetic field density of the target point on the target surface is added, and the sum is divided by the total number to obtain the average magnetic field density B of the two surfaces, and the result is presented in the form of a three-dimensional graph as shown in FIG. 5, at L eq The average magnetic field density B was minimized in the combination of =5.62 μh, distance=40 mm, so the next experiment was performed using this set of data.
Example 5
Please refer to fig. 6 and 7, which show the magnetic field density of the target point on the target surface A, B under different shielding structures (horizontal aluminum plate, horizontal aluminum plate with LC coil, hybrid shielding structure, LC coil, i.e. coil+capacitor combination of rectangular shielding coil), it can be seen that the passive hybrid shielding structure has 55% shielding effect on the a surface close to the system, 68% shielding effect on the B surface, and 88% shielding effect on individual points, which verifies that the passive hybrid shielding structure has the advantages of good shielding effect and wide shielding range.
Example 6
Referring to fig. 8, the shielding effect of different shielding structures (horizontal aluminum plate, horizontal aluminum plate with LC coil, hybrid shielding structure) on the target surface B is shown in the present invention when the receiving coil is shifted by 100mm in the Y positive direction, and the result shows that the passive hybrid shielding structure still has 51% shielding effect on the target surface B under the shifting condition, and the anti-shifting capability and shielding stability of the passive hybrid shielding structure are verified.
Example 7
Referring to fig. 9, the graphs (a) and (b) show the power distribution diagrams of the system using the hybrid shielding structure and the horizontal aluminum plate, respectively, in the case of the coil facing, and it is known from the experimental results that the shielding loss increases by 0.7% due to the addition of the metal ring, the overall efficiency decreases by 1.2%, and the efficiency decreases in an acceptable range considering the shielding effect thereof.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The hybrid shielding structure optimizing method for inhibiting the leakage magnetic field of the wireless power supply system is characterized by comprising a transmitting coil, a receiving coil and a passive hybrid shielding structure, wherein the passive hybrid shielding structure comprises a horizontal metal plate, the receiving coil is arranged in the horizontal metal plate, strip-shaped metal plates are connected to the vertical surfaces around the horizontal metal plate, a rectangular metal plate is arranged in the horizontal metal plate, the rectangular metal plate consists of an inner ring metal plate and an outer ring metal plate sleeved on the periphery of the inner ring metal plate, the rectangular metal plate is close to one of the vertical surfaces of the horizontal metal plate and is arranged parallel to the vertical surface, the lower end part of the rectangular metal plate extends out of the horizontal metal plate, a rectangular shielding coil is arranged in the rectangular metal plate, and strip-shaped magnetic cores are arranged below the transmitting coil and above the receiving coil;
the strip-shaped magnetic cores are manganese-zinc ferrite magnetic cores, at least one strip-shaped magnetic core is arranged at the transmitting coil and the receiving coil respectively, and the strip-shaped magnetic cores are arranged below the transmitting coil and above the receiving coil in a radial manner;
the hybrid shielding structure optimization method for suppressing the leakage magnetic field of the wireless power supply system comprises the following steps:
step 1: constructing a passive hybrid shielding structure formed by combining a metal conductor and a shielding coil;
step 2: analyzing the influence of the passive mixed shielding structure parameters on the shielding effect, and determining parameters to be optimized;
step 3: the working performance of the system is synthesized, a passive mixed shielding structure parameter optimization model is built, and the working performance of the system comprises transmission efficiency and shielding effectiveness;
step 4: solving the parameter optimization model in the step 3 to obtain the optimal parameters of the passive hybrid shielding structure;
the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: taking an influence value brought by a passive hybrid shielding structure to an original system as a constraint condition, wherein the constraint condition comprises increased weight and cost and the reduction of transmission efficiency caused by the increased weight and cost;
step 3.2: calculating the magnetic field density of the target point on the selected target surface, taking the average magnetic field density of the target point on the selected target surface as an optimization target, and minimizing the value through optimization;
step 3.3: based on the constraint conditions and the optimization targets in the steps 3.1 and 3.2, P is the number of the selected target surfaces, N is the number of the selected target points on the target surfaces, and B is used ijx ,B ijy And B ijz The magnetic field density in x, y and z directions of the target point is expressed, in terms of constraint conditions, W, C and eta are used for expressing the weight, cost and transmission efficiency of the system, subscript sh and 0 are used for representing the system with the passive mixed shielding structure and the system without the shielding structure, alpha, beta and delta are constants larger than 0, the values are taken according to the actual application scene, and the parameter optimization model of the passive mixed shielding structure is as follows:
s.t.W sh -W 0 ≤α·W 0
C sh -C 0 ≤β·C 0
η 0 -η sh ≤δ·η 0 。
2. the method for optimizing a hybrid shielding structure for suppressing leakage magnetic fields of a wireless power supply system according to claim 1, wherein an adjusting capacitor is connected in series in the rectangular shielding coil, and the rectangular shielding coil is formed by winding at least one turn of litz wire.
3. The method for optimizing a hybrid shielding structure for suppressing a leakage magnetic field of a wireless power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 comprises the steps of:
step 1.1: placing a horizontal metal plate over the receiving coil;
step 1.2: the litz wire and a series capacitor C thereof form a rectangular shielding coil, and the series capacitor C is used for changing the equivalent impedance of the rectangular shielding coil;
step 1.3: and (2) placing the rectangular shielding coil in the cavity of the rectangular metal plate, and then placing the rectangular metal plate below the horizontal metal plate in the step (1.1).
4. The hybrid shielding structure optimization method for suppressing a leakage magnetic field of a wireless power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 comprises the steps of:
step 2.1: p target surfaces for measuring the intensity of the leakage magnetic field are selected;
step 2.2: selecting N target points on each target surface, and taking the average magnetic field density on the selected target surface as a reference index for measuring the magnetic field environment of the target surface;
step 2.3: and changing parameters of the passive hybrid shielding structure, respectively calculating the magnetic field density on the selected target surface, and determining parameters to be optimized which have influence on the shielding effectiveness of the passive hybrid shielding structure, wherein the parameters of the passive hybrid shielding structure comprise the size of a metal conductor, the number of turns of a rectangular shielding coil, the equivalent inductance and the spatial position.
5. The hybrid shielding structure optimization method for suppressing a leakage magnetic field of a wireless power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 comprises the steps of:
step 4.1: solving the passive hybrid shielding structure parameter optimization model in the step 3.3 based on the set constraint conditions;
step 4.2: and selecting optimal passive mixed shielding structure parameters, and determining the size of the horizontal metal plate, the number of turns of the rectangular shielding coil, the equivalent inductance and the spatial position.
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