CN104124886B - A kind of sequential multiplication current type pulse power for Electromagnetic Launching - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of sequential multiplication current type pulse power for Electromagnetic Launching, belong to ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY field.Including pulsed capacitance, first switch, load, first diode and the switches set of n cascade, the anode of pulsed capacitance positive pole and the first switch connects, make it constitute with the first switch to connect, its negative pole and the first diode anode connect, the negative electrode of the first switch and the negative electrode of the first diode connect, constitute in parallel with the first diode after making pulsed capacitance and the first switch series connection, first diode cathode is connected with the end that becomes a mandarin of n cascaded switch group, n cascaded switch group go out to flow end be connected in parallel after with load become a mandarin hold be connected, after its earth terminal parallel connection, the earth terminal with load is connected.The pulse power of the present invention make system complementary energy need not directly in gun muzzle blow-out with form of thermal energy consumption, thus reduce system loss, improve system effectiveness, and shorten the transmitting cycle of whole system, realize the most multiple target for system and provide effective way.

Description

A kind of sequential multiplication current type pulse power for Electromagnetic Launching

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of sequential multiplication current type pulse power for Electromagnetic Launching, belong to ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY field.

Background technology

The research of Electromagnetic Launching has had the history of more than 100 year, along with aggravation and power technology, the control of energy crisis The development of technology, ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY receives more and more attention, particularly the entering of computer technology and Power Electronic Technique One step development, accelerates the process that ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY has moved towards practical.

Pulse power technology is as the core technology of Electromagnetic Launching, and its power-supply system is typically by primary source, intermediate energy storage link And pulse shaping system 3 part composition.For intermediate energy storage link, 3 kinds of relatively common stored energy form be mechanical energy storage, Inductive energy storage and capacitance energy storage.The Typical Representative of mechanical energy storage has rotation function energy storage and gravitional force energy storage etc..Due to machinery The energy storage density of energy storage mode is relatively big, is the most once causing many concerns and research.But, mechanical energy storage is by factors Restriction, such as voltage is low, induction charging time length, energy need storage etc. immediately, and then limit it in actual combat system Development and application.Inductive energy storage is compared with mechanical energy storage, and device is the least and control device is flexible.But inductance has at normal temperatures Resistance, for reducing system capacity loss, it usually needs utilize chiller to reduce inductive resistance；Inductance energy is difficult to store, Use Limitation is required higher.Control system when this makes inductive energy storage be applied in actual combat system becomes complicated, reliably Property is relatively low.The research and development starting relatively morning of capacitance energy storage, though its energy storage density is not as good as above two energy storage mode, but its skill Art is ripe, it is simple to control, and charge power is relatively low, only need to can meet capacitance voltage linear by constant current charge The requirement risen.This makes capacitance energy storage application in actual combat system easy to be reliable, thus becomes currently used the most extensive Intermediate energy storage mode.

Along with the quickening of various countries' national defense construction step, Electromagnetic Launching gradually manifests at the importance of military field, the most several What year proposed launches strategic objective continuously, it is desirable to the overall performance of emission system must promote.But with regard to existing real system Emission effciency for, armature goes out thorax kinetic energy and accounts for and be typically less than 20% when time launching the ratio of system gross energy provided.Meanwhile, Owing to being limited by capacitor charge time, the emission duration of capacitor energy storage type electromagnetic path gun system is up to minute volume Level, compared with the millisecond magnitude duration of emission process, system twice emitting interval time, some was oversize rather.Therefore, electric capacity Accumulation energy type electromagnetic path gun system emission duration is long, ineffective systems is the big realistic problems of urgently to be resolved hurrily two.

Fig. 1 is that the most widely used capacitor energy storage type traditional pulse forms unit (Pulse Forming Unit, below letter Claim PFU) circuit structure diagram.PFU is the basic component units of capacitor energy storage type pulse power system, although in different demands Under the conditions of its profile, volume and capacity be different from, but its composition form and operation principle are but similar.PFU In storage capacitor C can select single capacitor or the electric capacity formed by multiple connection in series-parallel according to actual experiment energy storage demand Device group；Pulse adjusts inductance L_PFUAlso known as pulse shaping inductance, can control to export arteries and veins by the inductance value size regulating it Rush the waveform of electric current, amplitude, and isolate spreading of fault between different PFU；Inverse parallel sustained diode is at storage capacitor Voltage U on C_CIt is discharged to conducting when zero, plays the effect of drain afterflow, be possible not only to improve the efficiency of electric discharge transmission, with Time it also avoid the pulse current reverse charging to storage capacitor so that capacitor need not bear too high back-pressure, extend electricity The service life of container.Several PFU is divided into many segmentations (segment) according to actual demand, same with PFU in segmentation One time trigger, is had Time delay between different segmentations, is connected by cable the most in parallel, thus between all PFU Constitute whole pulse power system.

During Electromagnetic Launching, railgun load can be by connect approximation, the then pulse power system of a small resistor with small inductor In system, the main body of PFU is electric capacity and inductance.Now, the discharge process of PFU circuit is divided into two stages, is first by energy storage Electric capacity C, pulse adjust inductance L_PFUAnd the RLC second-order circuit that the load of little resistance sense is constituted, now anti-paralleled diode D is visual For open circuit.As the voltage U on storage capacitor C_CWhen being discharged to zero, anti-paralleled diode conducting afterflow, formed by inverse parallel two Pole pipe D, pulse adjust inductance L_PFUAnd the RC firstorder circuit that the load of little resistance sense is constituted.

Tradition PFU also exists the discharge current long drawback of hangover, and this makes the energy in PFU be difficult to the most completely to release Put.Therefore, for the pulsewidth restrictive condition of armature effective current ms magnitude in Electromagnetic Launching, the tail current of tradition PFU Energy is generally not fully utilized and directly with form of thermal energy consumption in gun muzzle blow-out, becomes system loss.Tradition PFU The tail currents that structure is brought not only makes system losses energy increase thus reduces system emission effciency, meanwhile, current tail And the corresponding blow-out increased periods transmitting cycle of whole system, be obstruction system realize the most multiple target factor it One.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of sequential multiplication current type pulse power for Electromagnetic Launching, store up for existing electric capacity The problems such as energy type electromagnetic railgun ineffective systems, emission duration are long, improve the structure of tradition PFU, By single or multiple CMC-PFU module sectional parallels to load discharge, i.e. constitute the sequential multiplication current for Electromagnetic Launching The type pulse power, to improve system effectiveness, to shorten transmission interval.

The sequential multiplication current type pulse power for Electromagnetic Launching that the present invention proposes, including pulsed capacitance C, the first switch S, load R_Load, the first diode D₁With the switches set of n cascade, the positive pole of described pulsed capacitance and the sun of the first switch Pole connects, and makes pulsed capacitance and the first switch constitute series connection, and the negative pole of pulsed capacitance and the anode of the first diode connect, the The negative electrode of one switch and the negative electrode of the first diode connect, and constitute with the first diode after making pulsed capacitance and the first switch series connection Parallel connection, the end that becomes a mandarin of the negative electrode of the first diode and n described cascaded switch group is connected, n cascaded switch group go out to flow End is connected with the end that becomes a mandarin of load after being connected in parallel, and after the earth terminal parallel connection of n cascaded switch group, the earth terminal with load is connected； Described switches set includes the first inductance L_PFU1, the second diode D₂, two-way switch S₁With the 4th switch S₂, described is two-way Switch S₁" N-A " direction be second switch, two-way switch S₁" N-B " direction be the 3rd switch, described first electricity One end of sense as the end that becomes a mandarin of switches set, the other end of the first inductance simultaneously with anode and the 3rd sun switched of second switch Pole connects, and the negative electrode of the 3rd switch goes out to flow end as switches set, the negative electrode connection of the negative electrode of second switch and the second diode, As the cascade end between n switches set, the negative electrode of the anode of the second diode and the 4th switch connects, and makes the second diode Connecting with the 4th switch, the anode of the 4th switch is as the earth terminal of switches set.

The sequential multiplication current type pulse power for Electromagnetic Launching that the present invention proposes, its advantage is, solves tradition PFU The discharge current long drawback of hangover existed so that the energy in PFU can the most substantially all release.Therefore, For the pulsewidth restrictive condition of armature effective current ms magnitude in Electromagnetic Launching, the sequential multiplication current type arteries and veins that the present invention proposes Rush power supply and solve the problem that traditional pulse power supply tail current energy is not fully utilized so that system complementary energy need not be direct With form of thermal energy consumption in gun muzzle blow-out, thus reduce system loss, improve system effectiveness, and shorten whole system In the transmitting cycle of system, realize the most multiple target for system and provide effective way.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is existing widely used capacitor energy storage type traditional pulse circuit construction of electric power figure.

Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of the sequential multiplication current type pulse power that the present invention proposes.

Fig. 3 is that the 750kJ capacitor energy storage type railgun that the sequential multiplication current type pulse power that the present invention proposes is constituted is sent out continuously Penetrating system construction drawing, in Fig. 3,1 is pulse power system, and 2 is control system, and 3 is orbit launching system.

Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of the pulse power with 5 grades of switches set of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the single-shot system rail currents waveform of existing capacitor energy storage type traditional pulse electric power generating composition.

Fig. 6 is double the system guideways current waveforms that the sequential multiplication current type pulse power that the present invention proposes is constituted.

Fig. 7 is the single-shot system armature velocity wave form of existing capacitor energy storage type traditional pulse electric power generating composition.

Fig. 8 is double the system armature velocity wave forms that the sequential multiplication current type pulse power that the present invention proposes is constituted.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention propose the sequential multiplication current type pulse power for Electromagnetic Launching, its circuit theory diagrams as in figure 2 it is shown, Including pulsed capacitance C, the first switch S, load R_Load, the first diode D₁With the switches set of n cascade, described pulse The positive pole of electric capacity and first switch anode connect, make pulsed capacitance with first switch constitute series connection, the negative pole of pulsed capacitance and The anode of the first diode connects, and the negative electrode of the first switch and the negative electrode of the first diode connect, and make pulsed capacitance and first open Constituting in parallel with the first diode after closing series connection, the negative electrode of the first diode becomes a mandarin end even with n described cascaded switch group Connect, n cascaded switch group go out to flow end be connected in parallel after with load become a mandarin hold be connected, the earth terminal of n cascaded switch group After parallel connection, the earth terminal with load is connected；Described switches set includes the first inductance L_PFU1, the second diode D₂, two-way switch S₁With the 4th switch S₂, described two-way switch S₁" N-A " direction be second switch, two-way switch S₁" N-B " side To for the 3rd switch, one end of the first described inductance is as the end that becomes a mandarin of switches set, and the other end of the first inductance is simultaneously with the The anodes of two switches and the anode of the 3rd switch connect, and the negative electrode of the 3rd switch goes out to flow end as switches set, second switch The negative electrode of negative electrode and the second diode connects, as the cascade end between n switches set, the anode of the second diode and the 4th The negative electrode of switch connects, and makes the second diode and the 4th switch series connection, and the anode of the 4th switch is as the earth terminal of switches set.

In capacitor energy storage type electromagnetic path gun system, armature goes out storage capacitor in thorax moment pulse power system PFU and has put Electricity is complete, in the equivalent inductance during now the dump energy of system mainly remains in power supply, cable and load.Due to inductance There is the character that electric current can not suddenly change, it is easy to associate, this part complementary energy can be utilized.Additionally, at railgun In the emission process of load, generally load current waveform being included, the factors dictate such as amplitude, pulsewidth is higher, and for gun muzzle two The voltage of end but considers less.From the Acceleration Formula of railgun load it can be seen that armature acceleration and pulse power system Go out square being directly proportional, as shown in formula (1) of stream.

$a=\frac{L^{\′}{(i\·\frac{R_{muz}}{R_{muz}+R_a+R_{VSEC}\left(v\right)\·per})}^2}{2m}---\left(1\right)$

Shown in system effectiveness computing formula such as formula (2).Affected bigger it can easily be seen that system effectiveness is gone out stream by the pulse power.

$\mathrm{\ξ}=\frac{E_e}{E_s}\×100\%---\left(2\right)$

Therefore, the basic ideas of continuous emission system design are that armature goes out system complementary energy compression after thorax, particularly as being armature After going out thorax, track tail currents energy puts together, and forms an electric current with certain amplitude and pulsewidth, for the second generating The transmitting of pivot, thus improve system effective energy i.e. armature kinetic energy, and then make system effectiveness be improved.

Fig. 2 is the sequential multiplication current type pulse forming unit (Chronological-that the present invention proposes Multiplicative-Current PFU, CMC-PFU) circuit topology figure.Circuit structure in definition Fig. 2 dotted line frame For sequential multiplication current type pulse forming unit switches set.In a CMC-PCU circuit, containing several such switches set Then what CMC-PFU this CMC-PFU is called.

The work of the sequential multiplication current type pulse power for Electromagnetic Launching that the present invention propose is discussed in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing Making principle and work process, work process is broadly divided into electric capacity charging stage, discharge regime and secondary discharge stage:

A) the electric capacity charging stage, discharge switch S disconnects, and charge switch closes, and primary source is to pulse power system PFU In storage capacitor C charging.

B) charge switch is disconnected after charging, by two-way switch S₁Being placed in " N-A " and connect conducting state, Guan Bi electric discharge is opened Close S, define the discharge regime that this state is circuit.Now, the discharge process of CMC-PFU discharged with tradition PFU Journey is consistent, and initially enter is to be adjusted inductance L by storage capacitor C, pulse_PFU1, pulse adjust inductance L_PFU2, load resistance R_LoadThe RLC second order discharge regime constituted.

C) after storage capacitor C electric discharge terminates, anti-paralleled diode D₁Afterflow turns on, and circuit enters by diode D₁, arteries and veins Reconstitute whole inductance L_PFU1, pulse adjust inductance L_PFU2, load resistance R_LoadThe single order RL discharge regime constituted.According to concrete need Ask, switch motion can be carried out in single order discharge regime sometime, by two-way switch S₁Push from " N-A " conducting state " N-B " conducting state, meanwhile single-way switch S₂Guan Bi, it is achieved module goes out the sequential multiplication of stream.Definition circuit now State is the secondary discharge stage of circuit.

As a example by double emission systems, based onThe electric capacity storage that the platform building CMC-PFU pulse power is constituted Energy type railgun continuous emission system model, as shown in Figure 3.Pulse power system is by 30 5 grades CMC-PFU module groups Becoming, overall system capacity is 750kJ.5 grades of CMC-PFU circuit structures as shown in Figure 4, adjust inductance with tradition PFU pulse On the basis of, in 5 grades of CMC-PFU used by experiment, every section of pulse adjusts inductance value for dividing equally gained.Remaining systematic parameter all with Actual experiment data are reference, are no longer given for saving length herein.

Legacy transmission system with in the improvement system being made up of CMC-PFU pulse power system, rail currents waveform such as Fig. 5, Shown in Fig. 6, armature velocity wave form is as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8.

Fig. 5 is equivalent capability, i.e. the rail currents curve of 750kJ capacitor energy storage type electromagnetic railgun single emission system.Its Pulse power system is made up of 30 traditional PFU with double system model same segment and triggering sequential, and railgun loads It is made up of the single armature with double system model equals in quality.The rail currents of single-shot system is made up of two parts, and one is stream Electric current on armature resistance, the effective current i.e. accelerated to armature；Two is to flow through gun muzzle blow-out resistance finally with heat energy shape The electric current that formula dissipates, is the electric current constituting system losses energy.From the figure, it can be seen that the pulse power prolongs in single-shot system The rail currents peak value that Shi Fang electricity obtains reaches 657kA.

Fig. 6 is the rail currents curve of double emission systems of capacitor energy storage type electromagnetic railgun.Starting armature U₁Guide rail Current peak is that the rail currents peak value in 657kA, with single-shot system is more or less the same；Secondary generating pivot U₂Rail currents peak value For 770kA, can be within tolerance range at rail currents.

Fig. 7 is the armature rate curve of above-mentioned single emission system.Going out the thorax moment, the speed of service of armature reaches 2226m/s。

Fig. 8 is the armature rate curve of above-mentioned double emission systems.From the figure, it can be seen that start to starting from once electric discharge Armature U₁Go out thorax, and secondary discharge starts to secondary generating pivot U₂Go out thorax, the armature travel time of the two all within 3ms, The system that complies fully with is launched pulse power system electric current pulsewidth requirement.Going out the thorax moment, starting armature U₁Speed reach 2083m/s, is slightly reduced compared with during single-shot, but impact is little；Secondary generating pivot U₂Speed reach 1781m/s, also at electricity In the range of the available velocity of magnetic railgun launch requirements.

Being calculated by emulation data, in capacitor energy storage type electromagnetic railgun single emission system, armature obtains kinetic energy and is about 140.5kJ, system effectiveness is 18.7%；In double emission systems of capacitor energy storage type electromagnetic railgun, starting armature U₁Obtain Kinetic energy E_k1=123.0kJ, secondary generating pivot U₂Obtain kinetic energy E_k2=90.0kJ, system obtains total kinetic energy, and i.e. system acquisition is effective Energy is E_k=213.0kJ, system effectiveness has reached 28.4%.Data above row are written on table 1.

Table 1 Dan Shuanfa system emission results compares

By upper table data, following conclusion can be obtained:

Although starting armature U in the most double systems₁Kinetic energy less compared with the kinetic energy of single-shot system armature, but double systems The total kinetic energy that two generating pivots obtain, 1.5 times of the effective energy that the effective energy that i.e. system obtains, about single-shot system obtain.

2. a pair system effectiveness is 28.4%, and single-shot system efficiency is 18.7%, and the ratio of the two is about 3:2, and system effectiveness carries High by 50%.The program is the effect of being significantly improved to system effectiveness.

3. emission system twice emitting time interval is shortened to ms magnitude by min magnitude continuously, efficiently solves capacitance energy storage The problem that type electromagnetic path gun system generally exists twice emitting interval time is long, it is achieved that capacitor energy storage type electromagnetic path The target that gun system is the most multiple.

CMC-PFU, compared with tradition PFU, can realize making full use of electric discharge tail current, effectively improve tradition PFU The capacity usage ratio that tail currents brings is low and launches the shortcomings such as cycle length, the capacitor energy storage type electricity built based on CMC-PFU What magnetic railgun system can realize system launches target continuously.This design can economy system space, raising stock utilization And raising system effectiveness, it is often more important that, this can be greatly shortened the waiting time between two pieces of armatures transmittings, in the future Whole railgun emission system realizes quick repeat its transmission will produce far-reaching influence.

According to the above-mentioned introduction to CMC-PFU work process, table 2 gives the design of each device when CMC-PFU implements Parameter and related description.

Table 2 CMC-PFU component design parameter and related description

Claims (1)

1. the sequential multiplication current type pulse power for Electromagnetic Launching, it is characterised in that this pulse power includes pulse Electric capacity C, the first switch S, load R_Load, the first diode D₁With the switches set of n cascade, described pulsed capacitance is just Pole is connected with the anode of the first switch, makes pulsed capacitance and the first switch constitute series connection, the negative pole of pulsed capacitance and the one or two pole The anode of pipe connects, and the negative electrode of the first switch and the negative electrode of the first diode connect, after making pulsed capacitance and the first switch series connection Constituting in parallel with the first diode, the negative electrode of the first diode is connected with the end that becomes a mandarin of n described cascaded switch group, n Cascaded switch group go out to flow end be connected in parallel after with load become a mandarin end be connected, after the earth terminal parallel connection of n cascaded switch group and The earth terminal of load connects；Described switches set includes the first inductance L_PFU1, the second diode D₂, two-way switch S₁With the 4th Switch S₂, described two-way switch S₁" N-A " direction be second switch, two-way switch S₁" N-B " direction be the 3rd Switch, one end of the first described inductance is as the end that becomes a mandarin of switches set, with second switch while of the other end of the first inductance The anode of anode and the 3rd switch connects, and the negative electrode of the 3rd switch goes out to flow end as switches set, the negative electrode of second switch and the The negative electrode of two diodes connects, as the cascade end between n switches set, the anode of the second diode and the moon of the 4th switch Pole connects, and makes the second diode and the 4th switch series connection, and the anode of the 4th switch is as the earth terminal of switches set.