CN104122227B - A kind of optic fibre refractive index sensor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of optic fibre refractive index sensor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104122227B CN104122227B CN201410367715.0A CN201410367715A CN104122227B CN 104122227 B CN104122227 B CN 104122227B CN 201410367715 A CN201410367715 A CN 201410367715A CN 104122227 B CN104122227 B CN 104122227B
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Abstract
The present invention is applied to technical field of optical fiber sensing, there is provided a kind of optic fibre refractive index sensor, and it is made up of superpower laser, 2 half-wave plates, the polarizer, coupled lens, suspension core photonic crystal fiber and spectrometers.The suspension core photonic crystal fiber of use, its covering is that several airports are hung over around silica core by sub-wavelength quartz arm sling, and fiber core is small, and covering airport is big, both can guarantee that optical fiber high nonlinear coefficient shortened sensor fibre length, the filling of liquid in airport had been facilitated again.In addition, there is provided a kind of preparation method of optic fibre refractive index sensor, because the zero-dispersion wavelength for hanging core photonic crystal fiber is located near pumping wavelength, the stokes wave and anti-Stokes wave of generation are very sensitive to fibre-optical dispersion, the refractive index sensing of hypersensitivity is capable of achieving, sensitivity may be up to 105Nm/RIU magnitudes.And Temperature cross-over sensitiveness is avoided, the micro- variable high-precision sensing measurement of ambient refractive index to external world is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, more particularly to a kind of suspension core photonic crystal fiber index sensor
And preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Refractive index is an important physical parameter of material, is had great importance in biochemical sensitive and detection.Relatively
In other sensors, optical fibre sensor structure is small, sensitivity is high, electromagnetism interference, good insulating, corrosion-resistant and remote distant
The advantages of survey, make it that there is a certain degree of advantage in refractometry.Typical optic fibre refractive index sensor includes at present：Light
Fine surface plasma body resonant vibration (SPR) index sensor, fiber grating index sensor, the optical fiber refraction based on evanescent wave
Rate sensor.This several optic fibre refractive index sensor is all that sensitivity is 10 using the linear effect of optical fiber4Nm/RIU magnitudes,
For biochemistry detection, sensitivity is needed to be further improved.Additionally, these sensor fibres are required for by post processing (ratio
Such as optical fiber side throwing, grating are inscribed, optical fiber draws cone), increased the difficulty and complexity of sensor production, and sensor ratio compared with
It is fragile easily broken.
Four-wave mixing effect is the nonlinear optical effect caused by four light wave interaction in medium.When two pumpings
When wave frequency is identical, referred to as degeneration four-wave mixing, two signal waves of the upper and lower frequency displacement of generation are referred to as stokes wave and anti-
Stokes wave.When pumping wavelength is located near zero-dispersion wavelength of fiber, phase-matching condition is readily satisfied, produce four ripples to mix
Frequency effect, and stokes wave and anti-Stokes wave are very sensitive to fibre-optical dispersion.When optical fiber structure (refractive index etc.) or
When person's external environment (temperature, pressure, pulling force, pressure etc.) occurs minor variations, the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber can change, from
And cause the stokes wave for producing and anti-Stokes wave wavelength to drift about.By stokes wave or anti-Stokes wave
Drift situation reflect the change of optical fiber structure or external environment, be namely based on the Fibre Optical Sensor mechanism of four-wave mixing effect.
In this field, Technical University Of Denmark is proposed using the four-wave mixing effect reality in high non-linear photon crystal optical fiber
Existing high sensitivity refractive index sensing.But the zero-dispersion wavelength of fiber that it is used is not near the pumping wavelength of light source, refractive index spirit
Sensitivity needs to improve.Additionally, the airport size of this kind of optical fiber is all very small, the nonlinear factor of optical fiber is passed than relatively low
Sense fiber lengths are about 1 meter or so.When for refractive index sensing, liquid can only be taken by the way of high-pressure pump injection
Several hours, can just be filled up completely with into the airport of optical fiber, reduce practicality of this kind of sensor in terms of biological detection.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of optic fibre refractive index sensor and preparation method thereof, it is intended to
Solution optical fiber airport size is small, and the nonlinear factor of optical fiber is low, and sensor fibre length is long, and liquid is difficult injection fibre airport
Problem, and further improve sensor sensitivity.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of optic fibre refractive index sensor, and the optic fibre refractive index sensor is along light path side
To including superpower laser, the first half-wave plate, the polarizer, the second half-wave plate, coupled lens, suspension core photonic crystal fiber and
Spectrometer；
The suspension core photonic crystal fiber has covering and fibre core, wherein, there are several to pass through sub-wavelength in covering
Quartzy arm sling hangs over the airport of fiber core, the core diameter of the aperture more than the fibre core of the airport, and the airport
In be filled with liquid sample.
Further, the centre wavelength of the superpower laser is 1064nm, and pulse width is ns magnitudes, repetition rate
<10KHz, peak power>10KW.
Further, the coupled lens multiplication factor is 20 times.
Further, the suspension core photonic crystal fiber core diameter<1 μm, quartzy arm thickness<1 μm, the aperture of airport is
20 μm -30 μm, the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber is close to pumping wavelength 1064nm.
Further, it is fixed with biomembrane in the suspension core photonic crystal fiber airport.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of optic fibre refractive index sensor, comprise the steps：
A. suspension core photonic crystal fiber two ends are cut flat with, makes stomatal opening, liquid sample is filled into suspension core
In the airport of photonic crystal fiber covering；The suspension core photonic crystal fiber has covering and fibre core, wherein, have in covering
There are several that the airport of fiber core is hung over by sub-wavelength quartz arm sling, and the aperture of the airport is more than the fibre core
Core diameter, the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber is close to pumping wavelength 1064nm；
B. along optical path direction successively by the first half-wave plate, the polarizer, the second half-wave plate, coupled lens, filled with prepare liquid
Suspension core photonic crystal fiber after body sample is fixed in adjustment frame with being capable of achieving the position relationship of Space Coupling, by the first half
Wave plate is connected with superpower laser by way of Space Coupling, and will hang one end of core photonic crystal fiber by connection
Head access spectrometer.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect is the present invention：The suspension core photonic crystal fiber of use, its covering is several
Individual airport is hung over around silica core by sub-wavelength quartz arm sling, and fiber core is small, and covering airport is big, both can guarantee that light
Fine high nonlinear coefficient shortens sensor fibre length, and the filling of liquid in airport is facilitated again.Additionally, it is provided a kind of be based on four ripples
The preparation method of the suspension core photonic crystal fiber index sensor of mixing effect, due to hanging the zero of core photonic crystal fiber
Dispersion wavelength is located near pumping wavelength, and the stokes wave and anti-Stokes wave of generation are very sensitive to fibre-optical dispersion, can
The refractive index sensing of hypersensitivity is realized, sensitivity may be up to 105Nm/RIU magnitudes.And Temperature cross-over sensitiveness is avoided,
Realize the micro- variable high-precision sensing measurement of ambient refractive index to external world.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of optic fibre refractive index sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is suspension core photonic crystal fiber cross-sectional view provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order that the technical problems to be solved by the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect become more apparent, below tie
Drawings and Examples are closed, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only
It is used to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention is realized to liquid by introducing optic fibre refractive index sensor as shown in Figure 1 and preparation method thereof
The detection of body variations in refractive index.
Optic fibre refractive index sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes superpower laser, the first half-wave along optical path direction
Piece, the polarizer, the second half-wave plate, coupled lens, suspension core photonic crystal fiber and spectrometer；The suspension core photonic crystal light
Fibre has covering and fibre core, wherein, there are several the airport of fiber core is hung over by sub-wavelength quartz arm sling in covering,
The aperture of the airport is more than the core diameter of the fibre core, and liquid sample, the zero of optical fiber are filled with the airport
Dispersion wavelength is close to pumping wavelength 1064nm.
The laser that superpower laser 1 will be produced by way of space propagation is input into the first half-wave plate 2, then passes through
The power of inclined device 3, half-wave plate 2 and the combined adjustable input light of the polarizer 3, the inclined of input light is can adjust by the second half-wave plate 4
Polarization state, then suspension core photonic crystal fiber 6 is coupled into by laser after the amplification of coupled lens 5, detect defeated by spectrometer 7
Go out.The refractive index of testing liquid changes in core photonic crystal fiber is hung, stokes wave or anti-this support in spectrometer
Ke Sibo can drift about, by observing the drift value of stokes wave or anti-Stokes wave, and then it can be inferred that prepare liquid
The change of body refractive index.Wherein, above-mentioned coupled lens 5 can be according to actual needs coupling efficiency selects suitable times magnification
Number.
The centre wavelength of above-mentioned superpower laser is 1064nm, and pulse width is ns magnitudes, repetition rate<10KHz, peak
Value power>10KW.
Above-mentioned superpower laser, can be femtosecond laser or high-capacity optical fiber laser, in relatively low mean power situation
Under, it is ensured that input light peak power is more than 10KW.
As described in Figure 2, for above-mentioned suspension core photonic crystal fiber, the core diameter of its fibre core 8<1 μm, the thickness of quartzy arm 10
<1 μm, the aperture of airport 9 is 20 μm -30 μm, and the quartzy refractive index of background material 10 is 1.44 or so, the number of airport and row
Row mode will ensure core shape close to circle, it is to avoid birefringence effect, and the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber is close to pumping wavelength
1064nm。
The size of the core diameter of the fibre core 8 of above-mentioned suspension core photonic crystal fiber, the size of airport 9, shape, number and
Arrangement mode is all adjustable, therefore can as needed change optical fiber structure, and changes the spectral characteristic of sensor.
Fixed biofilm in above-mentioned suspension core photonic crystal fiber airport, can be used as biology sensor.
Above-mentioned optic fibre refractive index sensor can be made using following methods, be comprised the following steps that：
A. suspension core photonic crystal fiber two ends are cut flat with, makes stomatal opening, can be by testing liquid sample by capillarity
Product are quickly filled in the airport of suspension core photonic crystal fiber covering；It is described suspension core photonic crystal fiber have covering and
Fibre core, wherein, there are several the airport of fiber core, and the airport are hung over by sub-wavelength quartz arm sling in covering
Core diameter of the aperture more than the fibre core, the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber is close to pumping wavelength 1064nm；
B. along optical path direction successively by the first half-wave plate, the polarizer, the second half-wave plate, coupled lens, filled with prepare liquid
Suspension core photonic crystal fiber after body sample is fixed in adjustment frame with being capable of achieving the position relationship of Space Coupling, by the first half
Wave plate is connected with superpower laser by way of Space Coupling, and will hang one end of core photonic crystal fiber by connection
Head access spectrometer.
The application method step of above-mentioned optic fibre refractive index sensor is as follows：
A. superpower laser output incident light, after first half-wave plate and the polarizer, both combine can adjust into
Penetrate the power of light, it is to avoid the excessive generation super continuous spectrums of incident power, flood four-wave mixing signal；
B. the polarization state that second half-wave plate controls incident light is adjusted；
C. the peak value size of stokes wave or anti-Stokes wave in spectrometer, adjustment coupled lens and suspension core are observed
The position of photonic crystal fiber so that the peak value of stokes wave or anti-Stokes wave reaches maximum；The suspension core photon
Crystal optical fibre has covering and fibre core, wherein, there are several to hang over fiber core by sub-wavelength quartz arm sling in covering
Airport, and the airport aperture more than the fibre core core diameter；
D. the temperature of filling rear-mounted core photonic crystal fiber is changed, thus it is possible to vary the refractive index of liquid, derivative spectomstry instrument
Middle spectrum drifts about, and measuring the drift of wavelength can find out the change of liquid refractivity；
E. liquid sample detection is finished, it is possible to use the mode of ultrasonic wave cleaning is entered to suspension core photonic crystal fiber
The cleaning of row airport, so as to recycling for optical fiber.
Wherein, four-wave mixing effect is produced in a fiber need to meet phase-matching condition and law of conservation of energy
Δ k=k3+k4-2k1=(n3ω3+n4ω4-2n1ω1)/c=0
Wherein, △ k represent wave vector amount of mismatch, k1,k3,k4Respectively pumping wave, stokes wave, anti-Stokes wave
Wave vector, n1,n3,n4Represent pumping wave, stokes wave, the refractive index of anti-Stokes wave, ω1,ω3,ω4Expression pumping wave,
The frequency of stokes wave, anti-Stokes wave, c is the light velocity.
Wherein, by propagation constant β with zero-dispersion wavelength ω0Centered on Taylor expansion, phase-matching condition can be converted into：
Wherein, △ k represent wave vector amount of mismatch,Represent propagation constant β with zero-dispersion wavelength ω0For in
The Taylor expansion of the heart, m=2,4,6 are used to represent exponent number that Δ ω represents the frequency drift of Stokes or anti-Stokes
Amount, you can be converted into wavelength shift, γ is the nonlinear factor of optical fiber, and P represents pump power.
The drift of above-mentioned stokes wave and anti-Stokes wave has substantial connection with the dispersion in optical fiber.
Above-mentioned optic fibre refractive index sensor, when refractometry is carried out, when liquid refractivity occurs small change in optical fiber
During change, the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber can change, so as to the stokes wave for causing four-wave mixing effect to produce and anti-this hold in the palm
Ke Sibo wavelength drifts about.Liquid refractivity can be detected by the drift situation of stokes wave or anti-Stokes wave
Change.
The suspension core photonic crystal fiber that the present embodiment is used, its covering is several airports by sub-wavelength quartz arm sling
Hang over around silica core, fiber core is small, covering airport is big, both can guarantee that optical fiber high nonlinear coefficient shortened sensor fibre
Length, facilitates the filling of liquid in airport again.Additionally, it is provided a kind of suspension core photonic crystal light based on four-wave mixing effect
The preparation method of fine index sensor, because the zero-dispersion wavelength for hanging core photonic crystal fiber is located near pumping wavelength,
The stokes wave and anti-Stokes wave of generation are very sensitive to fibre-optical dispersion, and the refractive index for being capable of achieving hypersensitivity is passed
Sense, sensitivity may be up to 105Nm/RIU magnitudes.And Temperature cross-over sensitiveness is avoided, the micro- change of ambient refractive index to external world is realized
Amount high-precision sensing measurement.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in essence of the invention
Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within god and principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of optic fibre refractive index sensor, it is characterised in that the optic fibre refractive index sensor is based on four-wave mixing effect, institute
State optic fibre refractive index sensor includes superpower laser, the first half-wave plate, the polarizer, the second half-wave plate, coupling along optical path direction
Close lens, suspension core photonic crystal fiber and spectrometer；
The suspension core photonic crystal fiber has covering and fibre core, wherein, there are several by sub-wavelength quartz in covering
Arm sling hangs over the airport of fiber core, the core diameter of the aperture more than the fibre core of the airport, and is filled out in the airport
Filled with liquid sample；
The number and arrangement mode of the airport make core shape close to circle；
Detect that the method and step of liquid refractivity change is as follows using the optic fibre refractive index sensor：
A, superpower laser output incident light, and by first half-wave plate and the polarizer and rises first half-wave plate
The power of the inclined adjustable incident light of device, it is to avoid the excessive generation super continuous spectrums of incident power, floods four-wave mixing signal；
B, adjusts the second half-wave plate to control the polarization state of incident light；
C, the peak value size of stokes wave or anti-Stokes wave in observation spectrometer, and coupled lens are adjusted with suspension core light
The position of photonic crystal fiber so that the peak value of stokes wave or anti-Stokes wave reaches maximum；
D, changes the temperature of the suspension core photonic crystal fiber filled with liquid sample, can change the refractive index of liquid, leads
Spectrum drifts about in causing spectrometer, and measuring the drift of wavelength can find out the change of liquid refractivity；
E, liquid sample detection is finished, and the mode cleaned using ultrasonic wave carries out airport to suspension core photonic crystal fiber
Cleaning, so that the suspension core photonic crystal fiber is recycled.
2. optic fibre refractive index sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the centre wavelength of the superpower laser
It is 1064nm, pulse width is ns magnitudes, repetition rate<10KHz, peak power>10KW.
3. optic fibre refractive index sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the coupled lens multiplication factor is 20
Times.
4. optic fibre refractive index sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the suspension core photonic crystal fiber core diameter
<1 μm, quartzy arm thickness<1 μm, the aperture of airport is 20 μm -30 μm, and the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber is close to pumping wavelength
1064nm。
5. optic fibre refractive index sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the suspension core photonic crystal fiber air
Biomembrane is fixed with hole.
6. the preparation method of a kind of optic fibre refractive index sensor as described in claim any one of 1-5, it is characterised in that described
Optic fibre refractive index sensor is based on four-wave mixing effect, comprises the steps：
A. suspension core photonic crystal fiber two ends are cut flat with, makes stomatal opening, liquid sample is filled into suspension core photon
In the airport of crystal optical fibre covering；The suspension core photonic crystal fiber has covering and fibre core, wherein, if having in covering
The dry airport that fiber core is hung over by sub-wavelength quartz arm sling, and the aperture of the airport is more than the core of the fibre core
Footpath；The number and arrangement mode of the airport make core shape close to circle；
B. along optical path direction successively by the first half-wave plate, the polarizer, the second half-wave plate, coupled lens, filled with testing liquid sample
Suspension core photonic crystal fiber after product is fixed in adjustment frame with being capable of achieving the position relationship of Space Coupling, by the first half-wave plate
It is connected by way of Space Coupling with superpower laser, and the one end for hanging core photonic crystal fiber is connect by connector
Enter spectrometer.
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| CN104655525A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-05-27 | 李学金 | Specific gravity hydrometer |
| CN107064098B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2023-12-05 | 中国计量大学 | Toluene-ethanol optical fiber sensor based on Raman scattering evanescent field |
| RU2685754C1 (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-23 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки "Федеральный исследовательский центр "Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук" | Method for determining refraction index of medium |
| CN109655434B (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2024-01-26 | 东北大学 | Optical fiber LMR sensor for multi-parameter measurement |
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| CN101825563B (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-09-14 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Distributed fiber-optic gas sensor based on suspension core optic fibers |
| KR101302412B1 (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2013-09-02 | 광주과학기술원 | Optical fiber for chemical sensor |
| CN203479701U (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2014-03-12 | 深圳大学 | Optical fiber sensor and measurement system |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| A method for refractive measurement of a liquid in susupendde core fiber using Brillouin dynamic grating;soodabeh Nouri Jouybari et al;《journal of modern Optics》;20131231;第343页左栏第1段至第349页左栏第1段，图2 * |
| Highly sensitive and simple method for refractive index sensing of liquids in microstructured optical fibers using four-wave mixing;Michael H. Frosz et al.;《OPTICS EXPRESS》;20110523;第19卷(第11期);摘要，第10474页倒数第1段，第10479页倒数第1段至第10482页第1段，以及图1，3-5 * |
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