CN104121019A - Radial cutter bit with cutting insert having edge preparation - Google Patents
Radial cutter bit with cutting insert having edge preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104121019A CN104121019A CN201410166529.0A CN201410166529A CN104121019A CN 104121019 A CN104121019 A CN 104121019A CN 201410166529 A CN201410166529 A CN 201410166529A CN 104121019 A CN104121019 A CN 104121019A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cutting edge
- face
- shape land
- land surface
- rear knife
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/19—Means for fixing picks or holders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
Abstract
A radial cutter bit includes a non-rotatable shank portion, a head portion including a tip region distal from the non-rotatable shank portion, and a cutting insert mounted at the tip region of the head portion. The cutting insert includes a body having a leading face, an opposing trailing face, a first side and a second side. The leading face has a central face portion, a first side face portion extending toward the first side of the body and a second face portion extending toward the second side of the body. The cutting insert further includes a top surface having a relief surface, a T-land surface extending between at least a portion of the leading face and the relief surface of the top surface and a cutting edge formed at the intersection of the T-land surface and the relief surface of the top surface.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to a kind of excavating tools, for example, for cutting the cutter head of wearing Different Strata and other materials.Or rather, the present invention relates to a kind of radial cutter head that comprises the cutting insert with edge processing.
Background technology
The dissimilar cutter assembly with cutter head is used to mining, construction and associative operation, wherein be typically, cutter head comprise handle for inserting tool holder and on this handle for example, for engaging an anterior operate portions of stratum (, coal seam or layer mineral or other day combustible material or similar item).In this front portion operate portions, provide a kind of and damaged the independent empiecement that forms of material by hard, wear-resistant, for cutting among stratum and the life-span when the removing materials for increasing cutter head.
Have cutter head, for digging up mine and the example of the cutter assembly of constructing operation is a kind of radial cutting tool.The cutting tool of these types generally includes the multiple cutter heads that are arranged on rotatable dish, rake, chain, cylinder or rotary drum, and wherein each cutter head comprises a flat cutting insert of being made up of hard material substantially.These substantially flat cutting insert be attached on the anterior working end of cutter head.But, it has been determined that due to this shape and the configuration of flat cutting empiecement substantially, these cutting empiecements are not to wear and tear equably.This inhomogeneous wearing and tearing have reduced total application life of cutting insert.In particular, the cutting edge of flat cutting empiecement in use has the possibility of adze sword or fracture due to the shape of this cutting edge substantially.
Therefore, the desirable improvement cutting tool that is to provide the limitation and the shortcoming that overcome known this class cutter.In addition, desirable being to provide overcomes the limitation of known cutter head and shortcoming and in operating process, provides the wearing and tearing of improvement and the improvement cutter head of efficiency.In addition, desirable be to provide the wearing and tearing that overcome the limitation of known cutting insert and shortcoming and improvement is provided in operating process and efficiency, for the improvement cutting insert of cutter head.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind ofly comprise for the radial cutter head that engages earth formation material: a non-rotatable shank; A head, this head be integrally formed with this non-rotatable shank and comprise a tip region away from this non-rotatable shank; And be arranged on the cutting insert at the tip region place of this head.This cutting insert comprises a body, and this body has a front guide face, a contrary face of trailing, first side and second side.This leading mask has a central authorities face, first side surface part of extending towards the first side of this body and second face extending towards the second side of this body.This cutting insert also comprises: a T shape land surface of have a top surface of knife face after, extending between at least a portion of this front guide face and the rear knife face of this top surface and the cutting edge forming in this T shape land surface and the intersection of the rear knife face of this top surface.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of for comprising a body with the cutting insert being combined with for the cutter head that engages earth formation material, this body has a front guide face, a contrary face of trailing, first side and second side.This leading mask has a central authorities face, first side surface part of extending towards the first side of this body and second face extending towards the second side of this body.This cutting insert also comprises: a T shape land surface of have a top surface of knife face after, extending between at least a portion of this front guide face and the rear knife face of this top surface and the cutting edge forming in this T shape land surface and the intersection of the rear knife face of this top surface.
These and other aspects of the present invention will more fully be understood after checking this manual and accompanying drawing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of cutter head according to an aspect of the present invention, the lateral view of for example radial cutter head.
Fig. 2 is the elevation of cutter head shown in Figure 1 according to an aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 3 be according to an aspect of the present invention with the elevation of the cutting insert using together with the cutter head shown in Fig. 2 at Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the top view of cutting insert shown in Figure 3 according to an aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 4 A is the cross sectional view that the line 4A-4A along Fig. 4 intercepts according to a further aspect in the invention.
Fig. 4 B is the cross sectional view that the line 4B-4B along Fig. 4 intercepts according to a further aspect in the invention.
Fig. 4 C is the cross sectional view that the line 4C-4C along Fig. 4 intercepts according to a further aspect in the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below explanation is not only for the object limiting the scope of the invention for showing the object of different aspect of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 C, this shown the cutter head of the radial cutter head form of being for example appointed as generally 10 and use together with this cutter head be appointed as generally a cutting insert of 22.This radial cutter head 10 comprises a shank 12, this shank is non-rotatable, and in the operating process by assembling this radial cutter head 10 in the shank of this radial cutting tool 10 12 being inserted into a tool holder base portion (not shown), this shank 12 does not rotate.In one aspect, shank 12 has a non-circular cross section generally, for example a cross section for rectangle generally.
This radial cutter head 10 comprises an anterior working end, and this working end comprises a head 14, and this head is that be integrally formed with this shank 12 and has a tip region 16 away from this shank 12.This cutting insert 22 is installed in tip region 16 places of head 14.This cutting insert 22 typically uses conventional composition known to persons of ordinary skill in the art and technology, is installed to or is attached on this head 14 by for example mechanical attachment or by hard solder, gluing or pressure fitted.
This cutting insert 22 is to be for example made up of a kind of cemented tungsten carbide, and this cemented tungsten carbide is the mixture of cobalt and tungsten carbide.Can use other superhard wears to damage material (for example, polycrystalline diamond, pottery or cermet) thing and/or alternative as a supplement.According to many aspects of the present invention, for example, scribble the metal of chromium carbide and can be wherein the candidate material of trim material to other cermets that added titanium carbide or vanadium carbide in tungsten carbide.Substituting pottery for this class application comprises variant and glass variant aluminium base, silica-based, zirconium base.Other trim material alternatives in addition comprise the Cubic transition metal carbide of infusibility or any other known or one or more materials harder than this base material of exploitation subsequently.Also can use the coating of these empiecements, for example PVD or CVD coating.
In one aspect, this cutting insert 22 is for example made with a kind of press by powder metallurgy method, and this press comprises that a matrix and top and bottom ram/drift are for being pressed into shape.Multiple parts can be pressed into net shape or be modified as net shape by wet method/dry method injection (blast) or diamond grinding other materials manufacturing process, and other materials manufacturing process is such as but not limited to EDM (Electrical Discharge Machine processing), EDG (electric discharge grinding), green compact machine, laser ablation.Advantageously, the present invention makes the critical cutting edge of empiecement move this from matrix cover (die case) and the crosspoint of pressure head in manufacturing process.According to an aspect of the present invention, this critical cutting edge is shaped completely now in pressure head/drift.Avoid like this forming burr on this cutting edge.Burr are undesirable, for example, concentrate thing because burr are stress.Should be realized that, of the present invention as these and other aspect set forth herein contributes to obtain desirable edge (the being cutting edge) processing of this cutting insert.
Cutting insert 22 has a cutting insert body, is appointed as generally 24, and this cutting insert body has a top surface 26, basal surface 28, the first sidepiece 134 and second sidepiece 36.This cutting insert body 24 also comprises the rear that front guide face 40 is contrary with or trails face 42.
Front guide face 40 comprises a facial 40a of central authorities, a first side surface part 40b who extends towards the first sidepiece 34 of this body 24 and the second side surface part 40c extending towards the second sidepiece 36 of this body 24.In one aspect, the face 40a of this central authorities and this first side surface part 40b be adjacency and be not coplanar.On the other hand, the face 40a of this central authorities and this second side surface part 40c be adjacency and be not coplanar.
Knife face 44 after the top surface 26 of this cutting insert 22 comprises one.In one aspect, this rear knife face 44 is towards the rear of this cutting insert 22 or trail face 42 and extend.In yet another aspect, this rear knife face 44 extends to this rear or trails face 42.In yet another aspect, this rear knife face is bending or arc generally.
According to a further aspect in the invention, this cutting insert 22 comprises edge processing, for example, be appointed as generally 48 T shape land surface for one, and extend generally between at least a portion of front guide face 40 and the rear knife face 44 of this top surface 26 on this T shape land surface.In one aspect, this T shape land surface 48 comprises a central T shape land surface 48a, a first side T shape land surface 48b and a second side T shape land surface 48c, the extension between the central authorities faces 40a of this front guide face 40 and the rear knife face 44 of this top surface 26 of the T of these central authorities shape land surface, extend between the first side surface part 40b of this front guide face 40 and the rear knife face 44 of this top surface 26 on this first side T shape land surface, and the extension between the second side surface part 40c of this front guide face 40 and the rear knife face 44 of this top surface 26 of this second side T shape land surface.In one aspect, thus central T shape land surface 48a, the first side T shape land surface 48b and the second side T shape land surface 48c are the continuous T shape land surfaces 48 that provides being adjacent to each other.In one aspect, central T shape land surface 48a and the face 40a of this central authorities are adjacency, this first side T shape land surface 48b and this first side surface part 40b be adjacency and the surperficial 48c of this second side T shape land and this second side surface part 40c be adjacency.On the other hand, the T of these central authorities shape land surface 48a is adjacency with this rear knife face 44, this first side T shape land surface 48b and this rear knife face 44 be adjacency and the surperficial 48c of this second side T shape land and this rear knife face 44 are adjacency.Should be realized that, this or these T shape land surface 48 can be flat surface or can be other surfaces except flat surface, and for example it can comprise a sphering or bending (nonplanar) T shape land surface.
This cutting insert 22 is also included in a cutting edge 50 of the intersection formation of the rear knife face 44 of this T shape land surface 48 and this top surface 26.In one aspect, this cutting edge 50 be included in a central cutting edge 50a that the T of these central authorities shape land surface 48a and the intersection of the rear knife face 44 of this top surface 26 form, first side cutting edge 50b forming in the first side T shape land surface 48b and the intersection of the rear knife face 44 of this top surface 26 and a second side cutting edge 50c in the intersection formation of the rear knife face 44 of the surperficial 48c of the second side T shape land and this top surface 26.On the other hand, thus central cutting edge 50a, the first side cutting edge 50b and the second side cutting edge 50c are the continuous cutting edges 50 that provides being adjacent to each other.On the other hand, the cutting edge 50a of these central authorities, the first side cutting edge 50b and the second side cutting edge 50c can be sphering or bending.
Having central this configuration of cutting edge 50a forming in the intersection of the T of these central authorities shape land surface 48a and this rear knife face 44 makes this cutting edge 50a have a negative axial rake Ra (for example, seeing Fig. 4 A).In one aspect, this negative axial rake Ra arrives in the scopes of approximately 60 degree at approximately 10 degree.In a concrete example, this anterior angle Ra shown in Fig. 4 A is about negative 35 degree.
The T of central authorities shape land surface 48a locates (for example, seeing Fig. 4 A) with respect to this rear knife face 44 with angle Xa.Angle Xa can be called with respect to or about the relief angle of cutting edge 50a.In one aspect, this T shape land surface 48a locates with an angle Xa who is greater than 90 degree with respect to this rear knife face 44.In a concrete example, this angle Xa shown in Fig. 4 A is about 110 degree.
In yet another aspect, the width W a (for example, seeing Fig. 4 A) that the T of these central authorities shape land surface 48a can have is in the scope of approximately 0.002 inch to approximately 0.090 inch.In a concrete example, width W a is about 0.010 inch.
Having first this configuration of side cutting edge 50b forming in the intersection of this first side T shape land surface 48b and this rear knife face 44 makes this cutting edge 50b have a negative axial rake Rb (for example, seeing Fig. 4 B).In one aspect, this negative axial rake Rb arrives in the scopes of approximately 60 degree at approximately 10 degree.In a concrete example, this anterior angle Rb shown in Fig. 4 B is about negative 50 degree.
This first side T shape land surface 48b locates (for example, seeing Fig. 4 B) with respect to this rear knife face 44 with angle Xb.Angle Xb can be called with respect to or about the relief angle of cutting edge 50b.In one aspect, this first side T shape land surface 48b locates with an angle Xb who is greater than 90 degree with respect to this rear knife face 44.In a concrete example, this angle Xb shown in Fig. 4 B is about 125 degree.
On the other hand, the width W b (for example, seeing Fig. 4 B) that the first side T shape land surface 48b can have is in the scope of approximately 0.002 inch to approximately 0.090 inch.In a concrete example, width W b is about 0.015 inch.
Having second this configuration of side cutting edge 50c forming in the intersection of this second side T shape land surface 48c and this rear knife face 44 makes this cutting edge 50c have a negative axial rake Rc (for example, seeing Fig. 4 C).In one aspect, this negative axial rake Rc arrives in the scopes of approximately 60 degree at approximately 10 degree.In a concrete example, this anterior angle Rc shown in Fig. 4 C is about negative 50 degree.
This second side T shape land surface 48c locates (for example, seeing Fig. 4 C) with respect to this rear knife face 44 with angle Xc.Angle Xc can be called with respect to or about the relief angle of cutting edge 50c.In one aspect, this second side T shape land surface 48c locates with an angle Xc who is greater than 90 degree with respect to this rear knife face 44.In a concrete example, this angle Xc shown in Fig. 4 C is about 125 degree.
On the other hand, the width W c (for example, seeing Fig. 4 C) that the second side T shape land surface 48c can have is in the scope of approximately 0.002 inch to approximately 0.090 inch.In a concrete example, width W c is about 0.015 inch.
Should be realized that, thus this or these T shape land 48, cutting edge 50, negative axial rake R and/or relief angle X independent and/or the configuration of combination has advantageously avoided the sharp transitions of this or these cutting edge 50 in the operating process of cutter head 10, to make this or these cutting edge 50 fracture or the possibility of cutting sword with an adze reduces or minimizes.In addition, thus this or these T shape land 48 is configured to for the cutting force along this or these cutting edge 50 being changed to direction and has reduced the shear stress along this or these cutting edge 50.
Although multiple concrete aspect of the present invention has been described hereinbefore for the object explaining orally, obviously can has carried out numerous variations and not deviate from the present invention as limited in appended claims details of the present invention for those of ordinary skill in the art.
Claims (17)
1. for engaging a radial cutter head for earth formation material, this radial cutter head comprises:
A non-rotatable shank;
A head, this head be integrally formed with this non-rotatable shank and comprise a tip region away from this non-rotatable shank; And
A cutting insert that is arranged on the tip region place of this head, wherein this cutting insert comprises:
A body, this body has a front guide face, a contrary face of trailing, first side and second side;
This leading mask has a central authorities face, first side surface part of extending towards the first side of this body and second face extending towards the second side of this body;
A top surface, knife face after this top surface has;
A T shape land surface, extend between at least a portion of this front guide face and the rear knife face of this top surface on this T shape land surface; And
A cutting edge, this cutting edge is to form in this T shape land surface and the intersection of the rear knife face of this top surface.
2. radial cutter head as claimed in claim 1, wherein this T shape land surface comprises a central T shape land surface, extend between the central authorities face of this front guide face and the rear knife face of this top surface on the T of these central authorities shape land surface.
3. radial cutter head as claimed in claim 2, wherein this cutting edge is included in a central cutting edge of the intersection formation of the rear knife face of the T of these central authorities shape land surface and this top surface.
4. radial cutter head as claimed in claim 3, wherein this central authorities' cutting edge has a negative axial rake.
5. radial cutter head as claimed in claim 1, wherein this T shape land surface is included in a first side T shape land surface of extending between the first side surface part of this front guide face and the rear knife face of this top surface.
6. radial cutter head as claimed in claim 5, wherein this cutting edge is included in a first side cutting edge of the intersection formation of the rear knife face of this first side T shape land surface and this top surface.
7. radial cutter head as claimed in claim 6, wherein this first side cutting edge has a negative axial rake.
8. radial cutter head as claimed in claim 1, wherein this T shape land surface is included in a second side T shape land surface of extending between the second side surface part of this front guide face and the rear knife face of this top surface.
9. radial cutter head as claimed in claim 8, wherein this cutting edge is included in a second side cutting edge of the intersection formation of the rear knife face of this second side T shape land surface and this top surface.
10. radial cutter head as claimed in claim 9, wherein this second side cutting edge has a negative axial rake.
11. 1 kinds for the cutting insert being combined with for the cutter head that engages earth formation material, this cutting insert comprises:
A body, this body has a front guide face, a contrary face of trailing, first side and second side;
This leading mask has a central authorities face, first side surface part of extending towards the first side of this body and second face extending towards the second side of this body;
A top surface, knife face after this top surface has;
A T shape land surface, extend between at least a portion of this front guide face and the rear knife face of this top surface on this T shape land surface; And
A cutting edge, this cutting edge is to form in this T shape land surface and the intersection of the rear knife face of this top surface.
12. cutting inserts as claimed in claim 11, wherein this T shape land surface is included in a central T shape land surface of extending between the central authorities face of this front guide face and this rear knife face, this cutting edge is included in a central cutting edge of the intersection formation of the T of these central authorities shape land surface and this rear knife face, and this central authorities' cutting edge has a negative axial rake.
13. cutting inserts as claimed in claim 12, wherein this T shape land surface is included in a first side T shape land surface of extending between the first side surface part of this front guide face and this rear knife face, this cutting edge is included in a first side cutting edge of the intersection formation of this first side T shape land surface and this rear knife face, and this first side cutting edge has a negative axial rake.
14. cutting inserts as claimed in claim 13, wherein this T shape land surface is included in a second side T shape land surface of extending between the second side surface part of this front guide face and this rear knife face, this cutting edge is included in a second side cutting edge of the intersection formation of this second side T shape land surface and this rear knife face, and this second side cutting edge has a negative axial rake.
15. cutting inserts as claimed in claim 12, wherein the negative axial rake of this central authorities' cutting edge is to spend to the scopes of approximately 60 degree approximately 10.
16. cutting inserts as claimed in claim 13, wherein the negative axial rake of this first side cutting edge is to spend to the scopes of approximately 60 degree approximately 10.
17. cutting inserts as claimed in claim 14, wherein the negative axial rake of this second side cutting edge is to spend to the scopes of approximately 60 degree approximately 10.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/871,012 | 2013-04-26 | ||
| US13/871,012 US20140319898A1 (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2013-04-26 | Radial cutter bit with cutting insert having edge preparation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104121019A true CN104121019A (en) | 2014-10-29 |
Family
ID=51685168
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410166529.0A Pending CN104121019A (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2014-04-24 | Radial cutter bit with cutting insert having edge preparation |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140319898A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104121019A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2014201700A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102014105399A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1463137A (en) * | 1974-04-24 | 1977-02-02 | Coal Ind | Rock cutting tip inserts application |
| DE2618335A1 (en) * | 1976-04-27 | 1977-11-03 | Titanit Bergbautechnik Gmbh & | Coal pick and support block - has stems of main and auxiliary picks fitting into recesses in support |
| US4674802A (en) * | 1982-09-17 | 1987-06-23 | Kennametal, Inc | Multi-insert cutter bit |
| DE3315624C1 (en) * | 1983-04-29 | 1984-11-15 | Fa. Astrid Komotzki, 4600 Dortmund | Cutter body for coal ploughs |
| US4903609A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-02-27 | Kennametal Inc. | Tamping blade with improved inserts |
| GB9125536D0 (en) * | 1991-11-30 | 1992-01-29 | Hydra Tools Int Plc | Mineral cutter tip and pick |
| US5297853A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1994-03-29 | The Sollami Company | Insert for radial cutter |
| DE29720261U1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 1998-01-08 | Bauer Spezialtiefbau | Milling tooth for earth working |
| DE502005002851D1 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2008-03-27 | Bauer Maschinen Gmbh | Milling tooth for a soil cultivator |
| US8789894B2 (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2014-07-29 | Diamond Innovations, Inc. | Radial tool with superhard cutting surface |
-
2013
- 2013-04-26 US US13/871,012 patent/US20140319898A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2014
- 2014-03-21 AU AU2014201700A patent/AU2014201700A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-04-15 DE DE102014105399.0A patent/DE102014105399A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2014-04-24 CN CN201410166529.0A patent/CN104121019A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2014201700A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
| US20140319898A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
| DE102014105399A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104121021A (en) | Flat cutter bit with cutting insert having edge preparation | |
| AU2009337061B2 (en) | Radial tool with superhard cutting surface | |
| EP0103391A2 (en) | Cutter inserts for picks, picks and pick blanks | |
| US20100244545A1 (en) | Shearing Cutter on a Degradation Drum | |
| AU2014201702B2 (en) | Rotary drill bit with cutting insert for engaging earth strata | |
| EP3042022B1 (en) | Drill bit having gouging and shear cutters | |
| AU2016246137A1 (en) | Cutting bit and extraction tool for same | |
| US9347276B2 (en) | Two prong rotary drill bit with cutting insert having edge preparation | |
| US9428968B2 (en) | Rotary drill bit with cutting insert having edge preparation | |
| CN101297098A (en) | Cold-formed rotatable cutting tool and method of making the same | |
| CN104121020A (en) | A stump grinding cutter bit having edge preparation | |
| CN104121019A (en) | Radial cutter bit with cutting insert having edge preparation | |
| US20130300183A1 (en) | Multi-Faced Cutting Tool | |
| CN103422418A (en) | Cutting bit | |
| US9033424B2 (en) | Wear resistant cutting tool | |
| AU2013231148B2 (en) | A method of manufacturing a cutting insert | |
| JP4190271B2 (en) | Drilling blade | |
| AU2013100719A4 (en) | Friction Reducing Cutting Tool |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20141029 |