CN104120325B - Low thermal expansion coefficient NaMxAlySiz high entropy alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Low thermal expansion coefficient NaMxAlySiz high entropy alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN104120325B
CN104120325B CN201410319113.8A CN201410319113A CN104120325B CN 104120325 B CN104120325 B CN 104120325B CN 201410319113 A CN201410319113 A CN 201410319113A CN 104120325 B CN104120325 B CN 104120325B
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alloy
ingot
prealloy
expansion
crucible
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CN104120325A (en
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吕昭平
李世颖
王辉
刘雄军
吴渊
何骏阳
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

The invention relates to a low thermal expansion coefficient NaMxAlySiz high entropy alloy and a preparation method thereof, the chemical components of the alloy are as follows: 75 <= a <= 100%, 0 <= x <= 10%, 0<= y<= 10%, 0<= z<= 5%, N is arbitrary three or more than three of Ta, Nb, Hf, Zr, Ti, Mo and W, and M is any one or more than one of V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cr. The alloy phase structure is as follows: a body centered cubic solid solution and an intermetallic compound. The alloy is prepared by arc melting method in three stages. The NaMxAlySiz high entropy alloy has a low thermal expansion coefficient at the temperature in the range of room temperature to 1000 DEG C, the change rate is less than 20%, and the alloy has a broad application prospect in the high temperature industrial field.

Description

Low thermal coefficient of expansion namxalysizHigh-entropy alloy and preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to high-temperature alloy material field is and in particular to a kind of low thermal coefficient of expansion namxalysizHigh-entropy alloy And preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The expansion principle of metal and its alloy is the raw anharmonic vibration of lattice-site paroxysm, and the composition by material, The impact of structure and phase transformation etc..Expansion characteristics linear expansion coefficient or the coefficient of volume expansion represent.Common metal be heated after with temperature Degree raises the coefficient of volume expansion and almost ramps, within the temperature range of 20-800 DEG C, the linear expansion coefficient α of ordinary metallic material It is about 10-20 × 10-6/ DEG C.French physician c.e.guialme in 1896 finds when studying 36ni-fe alloy, its (α is about 1. 2 × 10 to have very little thermal coefficient of expansion near room temperature-6/ DEG C), this alloy is referred to as low-expansion alloy.Boat The fast development of empty cause and the outburst of energy crisis, cause jumping up of fuel price, have promoted commercial low bulk The appearance of high temperature alloy.The high temperature alloy of low expansion character can strictly control the gap between engine rotation part and stationary parts And tolerance, greatly improve energy output and fuel efficiency, be widely used in aerospace field.As certain electromotor outer shroud, by Other alloys are changed to ni-fe-co system low expansion superalloy, only use this part instead, and oil consumption rate just have dropped about 2%.This Outward, aerospace field also commonly uses the ceramic material of high temperature resistance, with the connection with more low-expansion ceramic material Low expansion superalloy need to be used.
For meeting required various low-expansion alloy under different temperatures, people have developed large quantities of low bulks or fixed expansion is closed Gold, from earliest commercial low bulk fe-ni alloy to ni-co-fe series low-expansion alloy again to the in738 being recently developed etc.. But, the deficiency of three aspects of these low-expansion alloy presence at present:
1) thermal expansion rates are not little
2) because the heat stability of microstructure is not enough, the coefficient of expansion improves with temperature and increases too fast
3) because fusing point is not high, service temperature is too low
Due to above reason, it is unfavorable for controlling between engine rotation part and stationary parts using existing low-expansion alloy Gap and tolerance.Further, since the use temperature of conventional Lo-Ex close to its fusion temperature it is impossible to meet Inlet temperature before higher turbine, hinders raising engine fuel efficiency further.Therefore research and development can be used for high temperature, larger Temperature range can keep more low-expansion novel alloy to become the recent studies on direction in this field.
Content of the invention
The use temperature that present invention is directed to current high temperature low-expansion alloy presence is limited, and expansion rate is larger, and swollen The shortcomings of swollen curve is precipitous is it is proposed that a kind of low-thermal-expansion namxalysizHigh-entropy alloy, alloy and preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme is that: a kind of low thermal coefficient of expansion namxalysizHigh-entropy alloy, the atom hundred of this alloying component Dividing than expression formula is namxalysiZ,Wherein, 75≤a < 100 at%, 0≤x≤10 at %, 0≤y≤10 at %, 0≤z ≤5at %.
Further, described n is 99% for purity tantalum ta, niobium nb, hafnium hf, zirconium zr, titanium ti, three kinds in molybdenum mo, tungsten w with On.
Further, one of described m is 99% for purity vanadium v, manganese mn, ferrum fe, cobalt co, nickel ni, chromium cr element or many Kind.
In alloy, the effect of essential element: n is high-melting point alloy element, is also to promote to form body-centered cubic structure simultaneously Element;The interpolation of si can form siliceous oxide on surface, puies forward heavy alloyed non-oxidizability, promote shape between crystal boundary simultaneously Become silicide;The aluminium oxide that the interpolation surface of al forms densification puies forward heavy alloyed non-oxidizability.
The hot expansibility of alloy, in addition to the composition influence by alloy, is also affected by the organizational structure of alloy.This Bright low heat expansion alloy adopts vacuum arc melting furnace melting, direct pouring molding, and technique is very simple.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide above-mentioned low thermal coefficient of expansion namxalysizThe preparation method of high-entropy alloy, bag Include following steps:
Step 1: first the atomic percent expression formula of design alloying component is namxalysiZ,The atom of raw material after determining again Percentage ratio is converted into mass ratio and weighs each raw material respectively;
Step 2: in the range of the n that step 1 is weighed, two kinds of metals of raw metal are one group of addition vacuum arc melting furnace, It is placed in crucible and the angle horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, melt back 2 times, obtain the prealloy ingot of two kinds of metals, then by institute The prealloy ingot having two kinds of metals melts together, obtains the prealloy ingot containing n;
Step 3: the prealloy ingot containing n that in the range of the m that step 1 is weighed, raw metal and step 2 obtain together is put Enter vacuum melting furnace, will the initial alloy ingot that be formed after fusing, be placed in crucible and horizontal by 20 ° -40 ° angle repeatedly Melting 3 times, obtains prealloy ingot;
Step 4: si and al that weigh step 1 and step 3 obtain prealloy ingot and together put into vacuum melting furnace, will melt The initial alloy ingot being formed after change, is placed in crucible and the angle melt back 5 times horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, smelting and pouring Become alloy pig, this alloy pig average coefficient of linear expansion between room temperature is to 1000 DEG C is not more than 12 × 10-6/ DEG C, and thermal expansion system Number rate of change is less than 20%, and this alloy is mainly body center cubic solid solution and a small amount of intermetallic compound for structure.
The low-thermal-expansion n that the preparation method of the present invention is madeamxalysizHigh-entropy alloy is average between room temperature is to 1000 DEG C Linear expansion coefficient is not more than 12 × 10-6/DEG C, thermal coefficient of expansion rate of change is less than 20%.The low bulk high-entropy alloy of the present invention is suitable It is applied to the part working under hot conditionss.
The present invention is compared with prior art had an advantage in that
(1) alloy melting point of the present invention is higher than 1600 DEG C, and more existing low-expansion alloy at least improves 300 DEG C using temperature;
(2) with existing low expansion superalloy, the thermal coefficient of expansion of alloy of the present invention reduces 3-10 × 10-6/DEG C model Enclose, and thermal coefficient of expansion rate of change reduces 10%-20%.
(3) by the xrd spectral line in the range of 50 DEG C -1000 DEG C of thermal dilatometry and Fig. 9 embodiment 2 of Fig. 8 embodiment 2 Find out, in temperature-rise period, alloy structure does not undergo phase transition, alloy of the present invention is described, and microstructure is highly stable at high temperature.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
1. alloying component
The alloying component of embodiment 1 is ta5nb17.5hf17.5zr17.5ti17.5mo5w5al10si5.
2. the melting of alloy
The melting of alloy comprises the following steps:
Step 1: design alloying component atomic percent expression formula be ta5nb17.5hf17.5zr17.5ti17.5mo5w5al10si5, then the atomic percent of raw material is converted into mass ratio and claims respectively after determining Take each raw material;
Step 2: mo, ti are set to one group, w, hf are set to one group, ta, nb, zr are set to one group, are separately added into vacuum electric Arc smelting furnace, is placed in crucible and the angle horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, melt back 2 times, obtains the prealloy of two kinds of metals Ingot, then the prealloy ingot of all two kinds of metals is melted together, obtain the prealloy ingot containing n;
Step 3: si, the al that weigh step 1 and step 2 obtain prealloy ingot and together put into vacuum melting furnace, will melt The initial alloy ingot being formed after change, is placed in crucible and the angle melt back 5 times horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, smelting and pouring Become alloy pig.
3. the tissue signature of alloy
Prepared by tissue topography's figure of the as cast condition of Fig. 1 embodiment 1 and the as cast condition xrd figure of Fig. 2 embodiment 1 can be seen that The alloy microstructure of embodiment, wherein dendrite are body center cubic solid solution, and intercrystalline is distributed intermetallic compound on a small quantity.
Embodiment 2
1. alloying component
The alloying component of embodiment 2 is ta10nb19hf5zr5ti7mo8w35v10si1.
2. the melting of alloy
The melting of alloy comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the atomic percent expression formula of design alloying component is ta10nb19hf5zr5ti7mo8w35v10si1, then will After determination, the atomic percent of raw material is converted into mass ratio and weighs each raw material respectively;
Step 2: mo, ti are set to one group, w, hf are set to one group, ta, nb, zr are set to one group, are separately added into vacuum electric Arc smelting furnace, is placed in crucible and the angle horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, melt back 2 times, obtains the prealloy of two kinds of metals Ingot, then the prealloy ingot of all two kinds of metals is melted together, obtain the prealloy ingot containing n;
Step 3: vacuum melting furnace together put into by the prealloy ingot containing n that the v that step 1 is weighed is obtained with step 2, will The initial alloy ingot being formed after fusing, is placed in crucible and the angle melt back 3 times horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, obtains pre- Alloy pig;
Step 4: si, the al that weigh step 1 and step 3 obtain prealloy ingot and together put into vacuum melting furnace, will melt The initial alloy ingot being formed after change, is placed in crucible and the angle melt back 5 times horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, smelting and pouring Become alloy pig.
3. the tissue signature of alloy
The alloy microstructure of prepared embodiment be can be seen that by tissue topography's figure of Fig. 3 embodiment alloy 2 as cast condition, Wherein dendrite is body center cubic solid solution, and intercrystalline is distributed intermetallic compound on a small quantity.Fig. 8,9 can be seen that alloy of the present invention is high The lower microstructure of temperature is highly stable.
Embodiment 3
1. alloying component
The alloying component of embodiment 3 is ta8nb5hf35zr12ti5mo15w15co1al1si3.
2. the melting of alloy
The melting of alloy comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the atomic percent expression formula of design alloying component is ta8nb5hf35zr12ti5mo15w15co1al1si3, then After determining, the atomic percent of raw material is converted into mass ratio and weighs each raw material respectively;
Step 2: mo, ti are set to one group, w, hf are set to one group, ta, nb, zr are set to one group, are separately added into vacuum electric Arc smelting furnace, is placed in crucible and the angle horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, melt back 2 times, obtains the prealloy of two kinds of metals Ingot, then the prealloy ingot of all two kinds of metals is melted together, obtain the prealloy ingot containing n;
Step 3: the prealloy ingot containing n that the co that step 1 is weighed is obtained with step 2 together puts into vacuum melting furnace, Will the initial alloy ingot that be formed after fusing, be placed in crucible and the angle melt back 3 times horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, obtain Prealloy ingot;
Step 4: si, the al that weigh step 1 and step 3 obtain prealloy ingot and together put into vacuum melting furnace, will melt The initial alloy ingot being formed after change, is placed in crucible and the angle melt back 5 times horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, smelting and pouring Become alloy pig.
3. the tissue signature of alloy
The alloy microstructure of prepared embodiment be can be seen that by tissue topography's figure of Fig. 4 embodiment alloy 3 as cast condition, Wherein dendrite is body center cubic solid solution, and intercrystalline is distributed intermetallic compound on a small quantity.
Embodiment 4
1. alloying component
The alloying component of embodiment 4 is ta35nb5.2hf5.2zr5.2ti5.2mo35w5.2fe2si2.
2. the melting of alloy
The melting of alloy comprises the following steps:
Step 1: design alloying component atomic percent expression formula be ta35nb5.2hf5.2zr5.2ti5.2mo35w5.2fe2si2, then the atomic percent of raw material is converted into mass ratio and claims respectively after determining Take each raw material;
Step 2: mo, ti are set to one group, w, hf are set to one group, ta, nb, zr are set to one group, are separately added into vacuum electric Arc smelting furnace, is placed in crucible and the angle horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, melt back 2 times, obtains the prealloy of two kinds of metals Ingot, then the prealloy ingot of all two kinds of metals is melted together, obtain the prealloy ingot containing n;
Step 3: the prealloy ingot containing n that the fe that step 1 is weighed is obtained with step 2 together puts into vacuum melting furnace, Will the initial alloy ingot that be formed after fusing, be placed in crucible and the angle melt back 3 times horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, obtain Prealloy ingot;
Step 4: the si step 3 that step 1 is weighed obtains prealloy ingot and together puts into vacuum melting furnace, shape after melting The initial alloy ingot becoming, is placed in crucible and the angle melt back 5 times horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, smelting and pouring becomes alloy Ingot.
3. the tissue signature of alloy
The alloy microstructure of prepared embodiment be can be seen that by tissue topography's figure of Fig. 5 embodiment alloy 4 as cast condition, Wherein dendrite is body center cubic solid solution, and intercrystalline is distributed intermetallic compound on a small quantity.
Embodiment 5
1. alloying component
The alloying component of embodiment 5 is ta8nb11hf15zr35ti15mo15w15al4ni2.
2. the melting of alloy
The melting of alloy comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the atomic percent expression formula of design alloying component is ta8nb11hf15zr35ti15mo15w15al4ni2, then After determining, the atomic percent of raw material is converted into mass ratio and weighs each raw material respectively;
Step 2: mo, ti are set to one group, w, hf are set to one group, ta, nb, zr are set to one group, are separately added into vacuum electric Arc smelting furnace, is placed in crucible and the angle horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, melt back 2 times, obtains the prealloy of two kinds of metals Ingot, then the prealloy ingot of all two kinds of metals is melted together, obtain the prealloy ingot containing n;
Step 3: the prealloy ingot containing n that the ni that step 1 is weighed is obtained with step 2 together puts into vacuum melting furnace, Will the initial alloy ingot that be formed after fusing, be placed in crucible and the angle melt back 3 times horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, obtain Prealloy ingot;
Step 4: the si step 3 that step 1 is weighed obtains prealloy ingot and together puts into vacuum melting furnace, shape after melting The initial alloy ingot becoming, is placed in crucible and the angle melt back 5 times horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, smelting and pouring becomes alloy Ingot.
3. the tissue signature of alloy
By tissue topography's figure of Fig. 6 embodiment 5 it can be seen that the phase structure of alloy of prepared embodiment is: body-centered cubic is solid Solution.
Implement to grin 6
1. alloying component
The alloying component of embodiment 2 is ta8nb35hf10zr10ti10mo10w10al4cr1si2.
2. the melting of alloy
The melting of alloy comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the atomic percent expression formula of design alloying component is ta8nb35hf10zr10ti10mo10w10al4cr1 si2, then the atomic percent of raw material is converted into mass ratio and weighs each raw material respectively after determining;
Step 2: mo, ti are set to one group, w, hf are set to one group, ta, nb, zr are set to one group, are separately added into vacuum electric Arc smelting furnace, is placed in crucible and the angle horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, melt back 2 times, obtains the prealloy of two kinds of metals Ingot, then the prealloy ingot of all two kinds of metals is melted together, obtain the prealloy ingot containing n;
Step 3: the prealloy ingot containing n that the cr that step 1 is weighed is obtained with step 2 together puts into vacuum melting furnace, Will the initial alloy ingot that be formed after fusing, be placed in crucible and the angle melt back 3 times horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, obtain Prealloy ingot;
Step 4: al, si step 3 that step 1 is weighed obtains prealloy ingot and together puts into vacuum melting furnace, will melt The initial alloy ingot being formed afterwards, is placed in crucible and the angle melt back 5 times horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, smelting and pouring becomes Alloy pig.
3. the tissue signature of alloy
Can be seen that the phase structure of alloy of prepared embodiment is: body-centered cubic by tissue topography's figure of Fig. 7 embodiment 6 Solid solution and a small amount of intermetallic compound.
7th, the hot expansibility of alloy of the present invention
The hot expansibility of alloy of the present invention is as shown in table 1:
The hot expansibility of table 1 alloy of the present invention
In sum, alloy of the present invention has high applicable temperature range, and thermal coefficient of expansion is not only low but also thermal expansion Process is slow, stable.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of low thermal coefficient of expansion namxalysizThe preparation method of high-entropy alloy is it is characterised in that the atom of this alloying component Percentage expression formula is namxalysiZ,Wherein, 75≤a < 100 at%, 0≤x≤10 at %, 0≤y≤10 at %, 0 Tantalum ta that≤z≤5at %, described n are 99% for purity, niobium nb, hafnium hf, zirconium zr, titanium ti, more than three kinds in molybdenum mo, tungsten w, institute State one or more of the vanadium v that m is 99%, manganese mn, ferrum fe, cobalt co, nickel ni, chromium cr element it is characterised in that including following Step:
Step 1: first the atomic percent expression formula of design alloying component is namxalysiZ,The atomic percent of raw material after determining again Weigh each raw material than being converted into mass ratio respectively;
Step 2: in the range of the n that step 1 is weighed, two kinds of metals of raw metal are one group of addition vacuum arc melting furnace, are placed in Angle in crucible and horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, melt back 2 times, obtain the prealloy ingot of two kinds of metals, then by all two The prealloy ingot planting metal melts together, obtains the prealloy ingot containing n;
Step 3: the prealloy ingot containing n that in the range of the m that step 1 is weighed, raw metal and step 2 obtain together is put into very Empty smelting furnace, will the initial alloy ingot that be formed after fusing, be placed in crucible and the angle melt back horizontal by 20 ° -40 ° 3 times, obtain prealloy ingot;
Step 4: si and al that weigh step 1 and step 3 obtain prealloy ingot and together put into vacuum melting furnace, after melting The initial alloy ingot being formed, is placed in crucible and the angle melt back 5 times horizontal by 20 ° -40 °, smelting and pouring becomes to close Ingot, this alloy pig average coefficient of linear expansion between room temperature is to 1000 DEG C is not more than 12 × 10-6/ DEG C, and thermal coefficient of expansion change Rate is less than 20%, and this alloy is mainly body center cubic solid solution and a small amount of intermetallic compound for structure.
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CN115287518B (en) * 2022-08-08 2023-08-18 攀枝花学院 Light high-temperature alloy with low expansion coefficient and preparation method thereof
CN115491562B (en) * 2022-08-31 2023-08-08 北京科技大学 Multi-principal element porous alloy, preparation method thereof and porous electrode for electrolysis of seawater
CN115747605B (en) * 2022-12-13 2024-03-19 中国科学院金属研究所 High-entropy refractory alloy resistant to 1300 ℃ high-temperature oxidation and preparation method thereof
CN116855811B (en) * 2023-07-05 2024-02-02 华中科技大学 Zero-expansion dual-phase high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof

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