CN104117282A - Method and apparatus for reducing environmental pollution - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for reducing environmental pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN104117282A CN104117282A CN201310141460.1A CN201310141460A CN104117282A CN 104117282 A CN104117282 A CN 104117282A CN 201310141460 A CN201310141460 A CN 201310141460A CN 104117282 A CN104117282 A CN 104117282A
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- microorganism
- flavobacterium
- nitrosomonas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
The invention aims at providing a method for reducing environmental pollution compositions in atmosphere, especially nitrogen oxides, ammonia, fine dust and CO2. The method comprises properly conveying to-be processed atmosphere and fully contacting with pollution-removing compositions containing at least one denitrification microbe and at least one nitration microbe, wherein the denitrification microbe and the nitration microbe are both aerobic. An apparatus for reducing environmental pollution contains at least one aerobic denitrification microbe and at least one aerobic nitration microbe which are both attached to one or more carries suitable for being contacted with to-be processed atmosphere.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of environment protection method and device, especially a kind of for reducing the method and apparatus of environmental pollution.
Background technology
A large amount of pollutions in the current smog appearing in big city, such as fine dust (PM10 e PM2. 5) and nitrogen oxide (NOx), have caused serious social concern and public administration problem.
Up to now, industrial research concentrates on minimizing emission level most importantly, but does not also pay close attention to especially the pollutant component in atmosphere Already in.
Its reason is that any filter of existing conventional art that uses out of doors all needs very expensive connection and high operating cost.Have some commercial Application, it can reduce the level of pollution existing in air, such as special finish coating, watt or special antismog pitch.
Yet the application of this types of material is subject to their low efficiency levels (because reagent is partly less than a micron thickness) and the very high restriction of smog absorbing products cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of environmental pollution composition existing for reducing atmosphere, the method of nitrogen oxide, ammonia, fine dust and CO2 particularly, it is characterized in that need atmosphere to be processed to carry suitably, and contact with the depollution composition that contains at least one denitrifying microorganism and at least one nitrated microorganism, described denitrifying microorganism and nitrated microorganism are all aerobic.Described denitrifying microorganism is preferably selected from: Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium sp.) (ATCC 29790), denitrified pseudomonas (Pseudomonas denitrificans) (ATCC 13867), general foster secondary coccus (Paracoccus pantotrophus (ATCC 13543), differential branch gas denitrifier (Microvirgula aerodenitrificans) (DSM 15089), cold water Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium frigidarium) (ATCC 700810) and true oxygen nitrosomonas (Nitrosomonas eutropha).Described nitrated microorganism is preferably Nitrosomonas europaea (Nitrosomonas europaea) (ATCC 197181).
All mentioned microorganisms are all harmless to the mankind, therefore, use them can health risk for object of the present invention.The above-mentioned microorganism of enumerating shows has advantages of different optimum working temperatures, and therefore the good system multifunctional for Different climate and season is provided; Also confirm their nitrogen oxides reductions extremely effectively.Yet useful microorganism is not limited to above-mentioned those that list, under relevant environment condition, keep the nitrated microorganism of any other aerobic and the denitrifying microorganism of survival to may be used to object of the present invention.
Preferably, for each class (nitrification and denitrification), use and surpass a kind of microorganism with different optimum working temperatures, this shows under wide amount of heat or humidity range condition, on the whole larger stability and polyfunctional advantage.Especially, preferably use at least 2 kinds of denitrifying microorganisms, wherein a kind of is NO3-sensitivity (denitrified pseudomonas, general foster secondary coccus, cold water Flavobacterium), and another kind is NO2/NO-sensitivity (true oxygen nitrosomonas).In a preferred embodiment, use above-mentioned all microorganisms of listing simultaneously.
Following table has shown the optimum working temperature table of different microorganisms.
| Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium sp) (ATCC 29790) | 30℃ |
| Denitrified pseudomonas (Pseudomonas denitrificans) (ATCC 13867) | 30℃ |
| General foster secondary coccus (Paracoccus pantotrophus) (ATCC 13543) | 26℃ |
| Differential branch gas denitrifier (Microvirgula aerodenitrificans) (DSM 15089) | 28℃ |
| Cold water Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium frigidarium) (ATCC 700810) | 15℃ |
| Nitrosomonas europaea (Nitrosomonas europaea) (ATCC 197181) | 26℃ |
| True oxygen nitrosomonas (Nitrosomonas eutropha) | 25℃ |
Nitrated microorganism and denitrifying microorganism ratio each other can change in wide region, preferably between 60% to 40%.The amount of every kind of microorganism can change according to different operating conditions in wide range.When using mentioned microorganism, the best ratio of the nitrosomonas of total amount 100% (true oxygen nitrosomonas+Nitrosomonas europaea) and all the other microorganisms (being non-nitrosomonas) of other 100% is as follows:
Nitrosomonas
| Nitrosomonas europaea (Nitrosomonas europaea) (ATCC 197181) | 60% |
| True oxygen nitrosomonas (Nitrosomonas eutropha) | 40% |
Non-nitrosomonas
| Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium sp) (ATCC 29790) | 20% |
| Denitrified pseudomonas (Pseudomonas denitrificans) (ATCC 13867) | 30% |
| General foster secondary coccus (Paracoccus pantotrophus) (ATCC 13543) | 10% |
| Differential branch gas denitrifier (Microvirgula aerodenitrificans) (DSM 15089) | 20% |
| Cold water Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium frigidarium) (ATCC 700810) | 20% |
Above-mentioned percentage refers to the ratio between the amount of microorganism, and it is to measure according to the corresponding international unit (IU) of nitrated/denitrification activity.
Fig. 1 has shown the effect of the present invention according to preferred embodiment, the denitrifying microorganism that described embodiment comprises a kind of nitrated microorganism, a kind of NO3-sensitivity and a kind of denitrifying microorganism of NO2/NO-sensitivity.
NO3 circulation: the NO3 in environment is become NO2 by the Microbial denitrogenation of NO3-sensitivity, and is further become N2 by the Microbial denitrogenation of NO2/NO-sensitivity.
NO2/NO-circulation: in environment, NO2/NO is become N2. by the Microbial denitrogenation of NO2/NO-sensitivity.
NH3 circulation: the NH3 in environment and the NH3 producing during described process are become NO2 by nitrated microbial conversion; The NO2 obtaining is become N2 by the Microbial denitrogenation of NO2/NO-sensitivity successively.CO2 circulation: the CO2 in environment and the CO2 producing during described process are converted to organic compound.These organic compounds serve as the metabolic material of denitrifying microorganism (particularly P. denitrificans, P. pan totropus, F. frigidarium) successively, wherein organic substance is reoxidised into CO2, makes it can be again for nitration reaction.
H2O circulation: the nitration reaction of NH3 causes forming water by NH3 and oxygen.The water extraction so forming has supplied essential system humidification, therefore contributes to the metabolism of all above-mentioned bacterial species.
Substantially, by absorbing the pollutant component being conventionally present in atmosphere, and form water and organic substance, described system oneself operation, maintains this system running without other external nutrition.
The further advantage that Nitrosomonas europaea shows is to form mucosa surface, works the effect that absorbs fine dust (PM10, PM 2.5), advantageously with main target of the present invention---denitrification is combined.
Therefore, described system can provide many-sided advantage:
Due to above-mentioned different microorganisms, all nitrogen oxide and ammonia are all had to wide spectrum abatement of pollution ability;
Due to the synergy between nitrated microorganism and denitrifying microorganism, strengthened abatement of pollution efficiency;
Via the special role of Nitrosomonas europaea (N. europaea), may add the activity that reduces fine dust;
Owing to thering is the associating of the microorganism of different optimum working temperatures, under environmental condition different or that change, conventionally between 10 to 35 ℃, extensive multifunctionality and the response stability of purposes;
Due to nox adsorption circulation, and produce the related microorganisms needed water of metabolism and organic substance, system has self―sustaining ability.
The flow of the variation of whole abatement of pollution ability of system and the concentration of microorganism used therefor and institute's ingress of air is relevant.As a reference, be early more than or equal in the situation of 3000 cfm, above-mentioned seven kinds of microorganisms of 300 g, with above-mentioned preferred ratio, can be converted into nitrogen by the NOx of 240 g in every 24 hours.
The device that is suitable for implementing above-mentioned abatement of pollution method with and manufacture method form a further target of the present invention.This device is characterised in that it has the mentioned microorganism on the suitable carrier that is attached to the air stream that is suitable for contact stain, and described carrier is optionally placed in and is applicable to being exposed in the container of environment.
Form described carrier material can for have enough rigidity, simultaneously can be to stablize and great-hearted mode is fixed on any types of material of above-mentioned bacterium kind.Conventionally, can use porous or fibrous material, such as yarn fabric, adhesive-bonded fabric, cotton, glass fibre, cellulose pulp, for the material of Bacteria Culture such as agar, paper, cardboard, polymeric material.In polymeric material, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE or Telon) is effective especially: it is technology known in the art (cf. Appl. Env. Microbiol, 1991, p. 219-222) that the bacterium that can survive is stably fixed on PTFE.
Described carrier can be according to the environmental condition exposing with various multi-form and structure uses.The common trait of described carrier is that they can be caught processed air stream and can between air and the microorganism being fixed, provide large contact surface.For example, described carrier has plate structure (panel structure), and such as the plate of 1 m2 consisting of above-mentioned material, its superficial layer and/or internal layer comprise the stable microorganism adhering to.
For example, comprise the plate of the mentioned microorganism of 300 g altogether, be exposed to the air stream that is more than or equal to 3000 cfm, average denitrogenation 240 g NOX/24 hr.
Described carrier can separately or assemble complete use; For example can use 50 allegros, form a line, between each plate, have 2 cm gaps, form the independent unit of 1 m3 volume, and predetermined acceptance along described gap tangential air throughflow; The biological content of I Ei of supposing every allegro is 300 g, and the conversion capability of every cubic metre of this unit will be 12 (=0.240 * 50) Kgm NOX/24 hr.
No matter separately or complete described carrier,, can be inserted into and protect easily in container, and this container is suitable for resisting environmental factor, to optical transparency and/or carrier illuminator is housed; No matter be natural or artificial, carrier illuminator is the necessary condition for the object of the invention, because mentioned microorganism reaction is what to carry out under the existence of light.Preferably, described container comprises protective grille and/or air pre-filtration system, so that the material grains of any Latent destruction active surface remains on outside; These state air pre-filtration system can be with suitable liquid substance humidification and/or processing, or fills static so that trap dust, particularly fine dust (PM10, PM 2.5); These activity are effectively collaborative has strengthened denitrification of the present invention, and utilizes the anti-PM of Nitrosomonas europaea (N. europaea) active, even further plays a part to purify air.Preferably, described container also can comprise the suitable system that can strengthen/guide air flow carrier direction; These systems can be static state or dynamic.Static system comprise (such as) horn-like or funnelform air transverter, scroll, spiral case etc.Dynamical system comprises fan, turbine, movable plate, blade etc.For example, when the present invention is installed in while (out entering into the air of automobile and some other means of transports) on a kind of motion structure, preferably use static system.Dynamical system is advantageously used in fixed structure, such as Domestic air filter, or near the pollution abatement structure road covering of the NOx of close industrial water drainage or interception automobile exhaust tube drainage.
In a special embodiment, described carrier can not be used in container, and self forms a dynamic cell, as by fan as example, the blade of fan is made by PTFE, includes the microorganism of the present invention that is attached to blade surface.
Described container also can be equipped accessory system, such as air preheating system, contamination analysis detector before and after treatment, prevent that microorganism accidental release is to system in environment etc.
Fig. 2 and 3 illustrates two embodiments of the present invention in infinite mode, and these two embodiments can be used in motion structure, for example, be used on outer surface of automobile to purify the air that enters automotive interior.The difference of these two figure is only the illuminator of denitrification chamber (11): in Fig. 2, natural daylight is propagated by opaque plexiglass cover (1); Total at Fig. 3, surround lighting by solar panel (2) as stored energy, near low consumption illumination (3) power supply being positioned at abatement of pollution carrier.As follows for other factor of system that Fig. 2-3 are general: to enter air (4) inner by static conveyer (5) guide frame; Then air is by the water in blocking-up environment and the grid (6) of moisture; The airborne NOx content that entrance sensor (7) analysis is introduced, and data are sent to suitable reader (unlisted in figure).Then, air is by prefilter (8), and this prefilter stops all large-sized material grainses; Next be the preheating chamber with resistor (9), this resistor heats air is to the optimal temperature of denitrification reaction; Then be common electrostatic filter (10), for eliminating fine dust (PM10, PM 2.5); Then, air enters denitrogenation chamber (11), has wherein settled the carrier (not showing in figure) that comprises aforementioned micro organism; The air of output enters the sterilizing chamber (12) by UVA radiation exposure; This chamber is for any bacterium that may surprisingly discharge from carrier of deactivation.Suitable light separator (13) is inserted between (11) and Room (12) two, to prevent the contact between carrier and UVA ray.The air of output is analyzed pollutant component through outlet detector (14), and by with import figure comparison, the data of system depollution efficiency aspect are provided in real time; So, the air (15) of treated output just can be discharged into it by the environment being used.
Employing is at the protective grille in exit and lead to for controlling, clean, the shedding mechanism (16) of the various system elements of maintenance, maintenance etc., completed this system.
The present invention can, for reducing level of pollution, particularly reduce the total nitrogen oxide of lower column region (NOx), NH3, fine dust (PM10 e PM2.5) and CO2 in infinite mode:
Family and office are inner, mobile traffic is inner, the particularly pollution abatement in urban environment;
Further reduce and be present in from the particulate pollutant in the combustion fumes of burner and incinerator;
Further reduce the dusty gas discharge from internal combustion engine.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the operation principle flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2: the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention (illuminator 1);
Fig. 3: the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention (illuminator 2);
In figure: 1, plexiglass cover; 2, solar panel; 3, low consumption illumination; 4, enter air; 5, conveyer; 6, grid; 7, entrance sensor; 8, prefilter; 9, resistor; 10, electrostatic filter; 11, denitrogenation chamber; 12, sterilizing chamber; 13, light separator; 14, outlet detector; 15, delivery air; 16, shedding mechanism.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, concrete enforcement of the present invention is further described:
Fig. 1 has shown the action principle of the present invention according to preferred embodiment, and described embodiment comprises a kind of nitrated microorganism, a kind of NO
3-responsive denitrifying microorganism and a kind of NO
2the denitrifying microorganism of/NO-sensitivity.
Fig. 2 and 3 illustrates two embodiments of the present invention in infinite mode, and these two embodiments can be used in motion structure, for example, be used on outer surface of automobile to purify the air that enters automotive interior.The difference of these two figure is only the illuminator of denitrification chamber 11: in Fig. 2, natural daylight is propagated by opaque plexiglass cover 1; In Fig. 3, surround lighting by solar panel 2 as stored energy, near low consumption illumination 3 power supplies that are positioned at abatement of pollution carrier.As follows for other factor of system that Fig. 2-3 are general: to enter air 4 inner by static conveyer 5 guide frames; Then air is by the water in blocking-up environment and the grid 6 of moisture; Entrance sensor 7 is analyzed the airborne NOx content of introducing, and data are sent to suitable reader (unlisted in figure).Then, air is by prefilter 8, and this prefilter stops all large-sized material grainses; Next be the preheating chamber with resistor 9, this resistor heats air is to the optimal temperature of denitrification reaction; Then be common electrostatic filter 10, for eliminating fine dust (PM10, PM 2.5); Then, air enters denitrogenation chamber 11, has wherein settled the carrier (not showing in figure) that comprises aforementioned micro organism; The air of output enters the sterilizing chamber 12 by UVA radiation exposure; This chamber is for any bacterium that may surprisingly discharge from carrier of deactivation.Suitable light separator 13 is inserted between 11 and 12 liang of chambers, to prevent the contact between carrier and UVA ray.The air of output is analyzed pollutant components through outlet detector 14, and by with import figure comparison, the data of system depollution efficiency aspect are provided in real time; So, treated delivery air 15 just can be discharged into it by the environment being used.Employing is at the protective grille in exit and lead to for controlling, clean, the shedding mechanism 16 of the various system elements of maintenance, maintenance etc., completed this system.
Above-mentioned example is not construed as limiting the invention, and all employings are equal to replaces or technical scheme that the form of equivalent transformation obtains, within all dropping on protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. for reducing the method for environmental pollution, it is characterized in that need atmosphere to be processed to carry suitably, and contact with the depollution composition that contains at least one denitrifying microorganism and at least one nitrated microorganism, described denitrifying microorganism and nitrated microorganism are all aerobic, and described nitrated microorganism and denitrifying microorganism proportion are each other between 60% to 40%.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that described denitrifying microorganism is selected from: Flavobacterium, Pseuomonas denitrifican, general foster secondary coccus, differential branch gas denitrifier, cold water Flavobacterium and true oxygen nitrosomonas.
3. according to the process of claim 1 wherein, use all following microorganisms: Flavobacterium, denitrified pseudomonas, general foster secondary coccus, differential branch gas denitrifier, cold water Flavobacterium, Nitrosomonas europaea, true oxygen nitrosomonas simultaneously.
4. for reducing the device of environmental pollution, it is characterized in that it comprises at least one aerobic denitrification microorganism and at least one aerobic nitrification microorganism, described two kinds of microorganisms are all attached on the one or more carriers that are suitable for pending air streams contact.
5. according to the device of claim 4, wherein said denitrifying microorganism is selected from: Flavobacterium, denitrified pseudomonas, general foster secondary coccus, differential branch gas denitrifier, cold water Flavobacterium and true oxygen nitrosomonas, described nitrated microorganism is Nitrosomonas europaea.
6. according to the device of claim 4, wherein said carrier by porous or fibrous material such as yarn fabric, adhesive-bonded fabric, cotton, glass fibre, cellulose pulp, paper, cardboard, polymeric material are such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) forms.
7. according to the device of claim 4, wherein said carrier assembles complete plurality of plates by a plate and forms.
8. the environmental pollution composition, particularly nitrogen oxide, ammonia, fine dust and the CO that for reducing atmosphere, exist
2the manufacture method of device, it is characterized in that, by at least one aerobic denitrifying microorganism and the nitrated microbial adhesion of at least one aerobic on the one or more suitable carrier being suitable for processed air streams contact, and optionally, described carrier is placed in the suitable container that is applicable to being exposed in environment.
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| CN201310141460.1A CN104117282A (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2013-04-23 | Method and apparatus for reducing environmental pollution |
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| CN201310141460.1A CN104117282A (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2013-04-23 | Method and apparatus for reducing environmental pollution |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102097669B1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-04-06 | 한경대학교 산학협력단 | Novel denitrification bacteria Microvirgula aerodenitrificans dN46-6 showing excellent denitrification activity |
| KR102097670B1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-04-06 | 한경대학교 산학협력단 | Microorganism preparation for water purification and manufacturing method thereof |
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| US20030003037A1 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2003-01-02 | Ebara Corporation | Apparatus for treating exhaust gases containing nitrides |
| CN101107061A (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2008-01-16 | 保罗·瓦伦蒂 | Method and equipment for reducing the levels of polluting elements |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR102097669B1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-04-06 | 한경대학교 산학협력단 | Novel denitrification bacteria Microvirgula aerodenitrificans dN46-6 showing excellent denitrification activity |
| KR102097670B1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-04-06 | 한경대학교 산학협력단 | Microorganism preparation for water purification and manufacturing method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20141029 |