CN104115556A - 次级侧切相调光角检测 - Google Patents

次级侧切相调光角检测 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104115556A
CN104115556A CN201380005981.2A CN201380005981A CN104115556A CN 104115556 A CN104115556 A CN 104115556A CN 201380005981 A CN201380005981 A CN 201380005981A CN 104115556 A CN104115556 A CN 104115556A
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Prior art keywords
microcontroller
phase angle
signal
circuit
angle information
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CN201380005981.2A
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CN104115556B (zh
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B.西斯格
T.波利尚斯基
M.诺德豪森
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Osram Sylvania Inc
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Osram Sylvania Inc
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    • H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
    • H05B45/14—Controlling the intensity of the light using electrical feedback from LEDs or from LED modules
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • H01L27/153—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission in a repetitive configuration, e.g. LED bars
    • H01L27/156—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission in a repetitive configuration, e.g. LED bars two-dimensional arrays
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    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
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    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33571—Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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Abstract

公开了用于切相调光照明电路的相角检测技术。切相照明驱动器电路可包括具有初级侧和次级侧的电流隔离电路。可在驱动器电路的次级侧上，检测切相信号的相角信息，以及微控制器按照相角信息，创建调节驱动器输出功率的调光信号。在一些实施例中，可利用相角检测技术于控制照明驱动器电路，诸如切相调光LED驱动器的输出。

Description

次级侧切相调光角检测
相关申请
本申请要求2012年1月20日提交的美国临时申请No.61/588,838的优先权，该申请在此整体引为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及照明电路，且更具体地，涉及用于切相调光电路的相角检测。
背景技术
基于发光二极管(LED)的照明设计，以及其它照明驱动器电路设计牵涉许多不平凡的挑战，并且可调光灯具已面临特定的复杂情况。
附图说明
图1示出按照本发明的一个实施例的调光LED驱动器的高水平方框图。
图2示出按照本发明的一个实施例的调光LED驱动器的更详细方框图。
图3a示出按照本发明的一个实施例配置的利用反激转换器的调光LED驱动器的电路设计。
图3b示出按照本发明的一个实施例的包括通信接口的切相调光系统的电路设计。
图4示出按照本发明的一个实施例构成的利用替换的感测网络的调光LED驱动器的电路设计。
图5a示出按照本发明的一个实施例构成的具有外部比较器的调光LED驱动器的电路设计。
图5b是与沿着图5a的电路的不同点对应的计时图。
图6示出按照本发明的一个实施例构成的利用推挽转换器的调光LED驱动器的电路设计。
图7示出按照本发明的一个实施例的具有简化的检测电路的LED驱动器的电路设计。
图8示出按照本发明的一个实施例的具有简化的检测电路，和用相同的调光信号控制的多个LED串的LED驱动器的电路设计。
图9是图解说明按照本发明的一个实施例的测量和利用相角信息的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
公开了用于基于前沿或后沿切相调光，检测照明电路中的相角信息的技术。照明驱动器电路可包括例如LED驱动器，荧光或高强度放电(HID)照明系统用电子镇流器，白炽照明电路，或者其它适当的照明电路。为了达到输入电流的低谐波失真，并同时实现输出电流的低纹波，可用功率因数校正(PFC)实现LED驱动器。在一些实施例中，采用驱动器的输出与其输入的电流隔离。调光电路可检测相角信息，并创建调光信号，以控制LED的亮度水平。在一些实施例中，调光电路可在电流隔离的LED驱动器电路的次级侧。调光信号可基于连接到LED驱动器的线路输入的切相调光器的导通相角。调光信号还可包括根据切相信号的相角计算的亮度值。在一些情况下，关于在电路的初级侧的相角的信息由在电路的次级侧的处理器检测。作为结果的灯具具有广泛的应用，诸如办公室照明，商业照明，广播招牌（signage）照明，显示器背光照明应用，或者期望调光的任何照明应用。鉴于本公开，许多的结构和变化将是显而易见的。
概述
如前所述，照明驱动器电路设计牵涉许多不平凡的挑战。例如，考虑被配置以为切相照明驱动器电路达到相角检测的可调光灯具。一般而言，在次级侧必须可以容易取得在变压器的初级侧的相角信息，为了按照线路输入的相角，适配输出功率。典型地，可在初级侧检测该相角信息，并使用光耦传送给变压器的次级侧。为了控制照明系统的亮度水平，可以实现数字可寻找照明接口(DALI)控制器或0-10V调光控制器，以把期望的调光值提供给电路的输出。也可实现其它调光控制器。光耦是昂贵的组件，并且常常不可靠，于是，光耦以及调光控制电路添加了复杂性和成本。
从而，依照本发明的实施例，提供一种照明电路拓扑，所述照明电路拓扑不需要光耦或者其它初级侧相位检测电路；相反，在次级侧检测相角信息。在一些实施例中，存在PFC和电流隔离电路。例如，可用变压器提供电流隔离。鉴于本公开，这种架构的许多应用将是显而易见的。例如，在变压器的次级侧，测量相角信息，并把该相角信息映射成有用的调光值的能力允许切相调光器可以和LED驱动器电路(或者诸如镇流器电路之类的其它光驱动器)一起利用，而不需要光耦，也不使用独立的DALI或0-10V调光控制器，从而减少电路复杂性、尺寸和成本。另外，在一些实施例中，公开的技术允许接近于单位1的功率因数，和线路输入电路中的低谐波失真，同时提供输出电流的低纹波。
电路架构
图1示出按照本发明的一个实施例的切相调光LED驱动器的高水平方框图。电力源向连接到信号调节元件的调光器提供电力。按照一个实施例，信号调节元件包括电压整流器，以及线路切相调光器可连接到整流器输入，以提供初始切相信号。信号调节元件还可包含由电压整流器的输出馈送的高频发生器。被调节的信号随后可被发送给LED驱动器中的电流隔离电路的初级侧。电流隔离电路的次级侧检测相角信息，并基于检测的相角，调整给LED串的输出功率。可在变压器的次级侧检测相角信息，而不利用光耦或其它初级侧检测电路。
图2示出按照本发明的一个实施例，实现次级侧相角检测的LED驱动器的展开方框图。变压器为驱动器电路提供电流隔离，并可连接到PFC电路的一部分，或者是PFC电路的一部分。功率因数校正(PFC)电路可由在初级侧的控制电路(未图示)，变压器和次级侧电力电路构成。PFC电路是包括变压器和次级侧电力电路的一个或多个电力转换器的一部分。次级侧电力电路可包括整流器级和能量存储，例如，储能电容或中间总线电容器。除了连接到次级侧电力电路之外，变压器的次级侧还连接到调光电路，在这个特定的实施例中，所述调光电路包括分压器，低通滤波器，和用于检测相角信息的微控制器。在一个具体实施例中，由变压器自电压整流器接收信号。在一个这样的实施例中，可实现反激转换器，以提供电流隔离以及PFC功能。在另一个实施例中，推挽转换器可提供电流隔离和PFC功能。鉴于本公开，如将理解那样，可以实现其它适当的转换器来提供这些功能。低通滤波器可用于消除AC信号的高频分量，或者由调光器开关或信号调节元件造成的任何不需要的开关尖峰。微控制器通过分析在低通滤波器的输出端的信号的脉宽，来检测相角信息，并创建调光信号，所述调光信号可被发送给V-I转换器。在一个特别的实施例中，V-I转换器是降压转换器，而在另一个实施例中，可以使用线性调节器。不过，鉴于本公开，其它适当的转换器将是显而易见的。转换器一般被称为V-I转换器，因为它由电压源馈送，并且对LED来说，其输出表现为电流源。与现有的单级拓扑(通常用在“LED灯”中，用于改进基于螺纹的白炽灯，例如利用单级反激转换器，而没有额外的V-I转换器)相比，所述的两级方法 (两个功率级，例如，如在本发明的一个实施例中使用的后随有降压转换器的反激转换器)允许LED的减少的光调制，尤其是两倍于工频(line frequency)的减少的光调制。
在一个示例实施例中，调光电路，以及V-I转换器可在单个芯片上实现，所述单个芯片在操作上可与变压器的次级侧耦接。PFC电路也可集成在芯片上。鉴于本公开，如将理解的，关于LED驱动器电路的各种元件的集成度将因实施例而异。可以用组装在例如印刷或布线电路板上的离散组件，实现其它实施例。进一步注意，在给定的设计中，可能已存在微控制器，并且所述微控制器可被进一步编程或以其它方式配置以实现这里提供的技术，包括相角检测和调光信号生成。鉴于本公开，为相角信息的次级侧检测和调光信号生成而配置的集成度不同的许多其它实施例和配置将是显而易见的。
图3a示出按照本发明的一个实施例的LED驱动器的电路设计。该电路包括AC电压源301，调光器开关302，电压整流器303，具有PFC功能的反激转换器，调光电路，V-I转换器315和一串LED 317。在这个特定实施例中，反激转换器包括连接到变压器305的初级侧的晶体管304，和都在变压器305的次级侧的二极管306，和电容器307以及驱动晶体管304的反激控制电路(未图示)。可利用调光电路，在变压器305的次级侧检测相角。在这个特定实施例中，调光电路包括具有电阻器308和309的分压器，整流二极管310，包含电阻器311和电容器313的低通滤波器，与电容器313并联连接的放电电阻器312，和微控制器314。该调光电路基于利用微控制器检测的切相调光器302的相角，来提供调光信号。
操作中，如果调光器302处于导通状态，并且晶体管304在开关，那么在变压器305次级侧，存在AC信号。当调光器302未导通时，原则上不存在AC信号，即使通过取决于实际实现，可能发现一些噪声和来自晶体管304的潜在的一些开关尖峰。包含电阻器308和309的分压器和二极管310一起工作，以按比例缩小 AC信号的幅度，并对信号整流，以使之适合于输入到微控制器314。包含电阻器311和电容器313的低通滤波器可过滤AC信号的可能存在的任何高频分量，包括晶体管304的开关频率。在一个特定实施例中，滤波器的时间常数可被选择成在100微秒的量级上，约为当303开关时，晶体管304的平均开关周期的1 0倍；不过鉴于本公开，可以使用许多其它适当的时间常数是显而易见的。低通滤波器还用来消除上面提及的在调光器302的非导通期间，由晶体管304创建的开关尖峰。电阻器312用来使电容器313不断放电，以防止电容器313充电到AC信号的最大电压，从而确保在调光器302未导通时，电容器313上的电压降低。
在一个特定实施例中，微控制器314被编程或以其它方式被配置以分析电容器313上的信号，并通过分析该信号的脉宽，推断相角。取决于输入信号的相角，可在微控制器314的输出端创建对应的调光信号，并发送给转换器315。微控制器314的输出可以是例如数字输出信号(标准IO引脚，脉宽调制(PWM)模块的输出)，或者模拟输出(具有低通滤波的DAC输出或PWM输出)，以及可用于为转换器315设定基准信号，并且于是建立可被提供给LED串317的电流幅度(模拟调光)或平均电流(PWM调光)。是否使用模拟调光还是PWM调光取决于应用，设计约束，和就LED驱动器的设计来说考虑的其它因素。经常利用高于200 Hz的PWM频率的PWM调光优选于模拟调光，因为与模拟调光相比，PWM调光允许更高的调光范围，并且归因于大于200 Hz的高PWM频率，确保生成来自LED的无频闪(有时也称为无闪烁)光。LED串可与电容器316并联连接。在转换器315由电压源馈送，并且对LED 317来说，其输出表现为电流源的情况下，它一般可被称为V-I转换器。在一个特定实施例中，V-I转换器315是降压转换器。在另一个实施例中，可以使用线性调节器来实现转换器；不过，鉴于本公开，在本领域中，其它适当的转换器将是显而易见的。
图3b示出按照本发明的一个实施例的包括通信接口的切相调光系统的电路设计。类似于参考图3a描述的电路，该示例电路包括AC电压源301，调光器开关302，电压整流器303，具有PFC功能的反激转换器，调光电路，线性调节器318和一串LED 317。不过，该特定的示例电路包括代替图3a中所示的LED串的通信接口319。在这个示例实施例中，二极管306，电容器307和线性调节器318向(其与主干线电流隔离)微控制器和通信接口提供电压Vcc。这样的实施例可用在除LED驱动器或LED电源外的其它照明设备；即，无电力处理(只有信息处理)的照明设备中。
在一个示例实施例中，通信接口可包括DALI接口，以使得切相调光系统充当对于DALI转换器进行切相，这也可被称为 “桥”或“变换器”设备。在这样的示例中，“转换器”不一定意味着电力转换器，而是信息转换器-把对信息编码的一种方式转换成对信息编码的另一种方式。这个特定的示例电路把相角信息或DALI照明亮度值提供给与DALI通信接口连接的其它设备。其它转换器，比如DMX切相或-无线切相也是可行的。在一个这样的示例中，微控制器感测切相角，并通经由信接口319，把该信息传送给其它设备。在一些实施例中，该类型通信可以是DALI，DMX，比如基于ZigBee无线通信的无线通信，电力线路通信等。在一个示例实施例中，微控制器314可把调光信号或切相角传送给通信接口319。值可以是微控制器314和通信接口319之间的模拟值或数字通信。在一些实施例中，通信接口可包括它自己的微控制器。在一些实施例中，通信接口可连接到DALI总线。在这个特定示例中，微控制器314和通信接口319被描述成截然不同，不过，在一些情况下，一个微控制器能够检测相角，把相角转换成调光信号，并与其它照明设备通信，从而把微控制器314和通信接口319结合成单一的微控制器或芯片集。
图4示出按照本发明的一个实施例的LED驱动器的另一个电路设计。该特定实施例包括AC电压源401，调光器开关402，电压整流器403，晶体管404，变压器405，二极管406和电容器407。与图3a中所示的电路相比，本实施例用电阻器408，电容器409和Zener二极管410代替电阻器分压器308和309。使用电容器409，在变压器404的次级侧上的电压的AC分量可耦接到调光电路。Zener二极管410可对微控制器看到的信号的幅度箝位，以使得微控制器输入电压范围不会被超过。电阻器408限制通过二极管411和410的峰值电流，是可选组件。包含电阻器412和电容器414的低通滤波器可过滤AC信号的可能存在的任何高频分量，包括晶体管404的开关频率。低通滤波器还用来消除在调光器402的非导通阶段期间，由晶体管404创建的开关尖峰。电阻器413用来使电容器414连续放电，以防止电容器414充电到AC信号的最大电压，从而确保在调光器402未导通时，电容器414上的电压降低。
微控制器415被编程或以其它方式被配置以分析电容器414上的信号，并通过分析该信号的脉宽，检测相角。取决于输入信号的相角，可在微控制器的输出端创建上对应的调光信号，并发送给转换器416。微控制器的输出可以是例如数字输出信号(标准I/O引脚，脉宽调制(PWM)模块的输出)，或者模拟输出(用低通滤波的数字-模拟转换器(DAC)输出或PWM输出)，所述输出设定转换器416的基准信号，并且于是建立可被提供给 LED串418的电流幅度(模拟调光)或平均电流(PWM调光)。LED串可以与电容器417并联连接。可以看出，转换器416由电压源馈送，对LED来说，其输出表现为电流源，从而它一般被称为V-I转换器。在一个特定实施例中，V-I转换器是降压转换器。在另一个实施例中，可以使用线性调节器，不过，鉴于本公开，在本领域中，其它适当的转换器将是显而易见的。
为了确定相角信息，包含电阻器412和电容器414的低通滤波器的时间常数可被选择成在几个线周期的量极上，显著大于前面参考图3a的示例实施例论述的100微秒。在这个特定实施例中，电容器414上的电压的幅度，以及因此微控制器415的输入信号的幅度可用于确定相角。电压越低，调光越大(并且将由LED生成越少的光)。而后，存在于输入端上的模拟信号可由微控制器415内的模-数转换器(ADC)数字化。
取决于所述实现，电容器414上的电压可能仍然存在两倍于工频的一些纹波。通过例如增加电容器414的电容，可以减少该电压纹波，不过这会限制动态性能。为了避免使LED电流被利用两倍线路电压调制，可以使该电压的A/D转换与主干线同步，以使得在每个线路的半周期内，总是在相同的时间对电压采样。另外，数字滤波器可以用微控制器415内的固件实现，并且可被利用以滤出不需要的频率分量(例如，具有2倍于工频的频率分量)。
图5a示出按照本发明的一个实施例的LED驱动器的另一个电路设计。该特定实施例包括AC源501，调光器开关502，电压整流器503，和包括电阻器504，驱动晶体管504的反激控制电路(未图示)，变压器505，二极管506和电容器507的反激转换器。反激转换器可提供电流隔离以及PFC功能。这种反激-PFC实现可以使得能够在前沿和尾沿切相调光器可调光的经济有效的输入级。在这个特定示例中，调光电路包括具有电阻器508和509的分压器，整流二极管510，包含电阻器511和电容器513的低通滤波器，与电容器513并联连接的放电电阻器512，和微控制器518。包含电阻器508和509的分压器可以和二极管510一起工作，从而按比例缩小AC信号的幅度，以使之适合于输入进入微控制器518。包含电阻器511和电容器513的低通滤波器可过滤AC信号的可能存在的任何高频分量，包括晶体管504的开关频率。低通滤波器还用来消除在调光器502的非导通期间，由晶体管504创建的开关尖峰。电阻器512用来使电容器513连续放电，以防止电容器513充电到AC信号的最大电压，从而确保在调光器502未导通时，电容器513上的电压降低。尽管微控制器518具有芯片上模拟比较器，不过（如图）所示，也可使用外部比较器517。电阻器515和516及电容器514可创建为例如比较器517的供给电压Vcc一半的基准。供给电压Vcc是在LED驱动器内创建的，但是为了简明和易读，未在图5a中示出。在这个示例实施例中，比较器517创建被馈送给微控制器518的数字信号。微控制器518的输出可被发送给降压转换器519(或者其它适当的V-I转换器)，降压转换器519在其输出端连接到到电容器520和LED串521。
在图5a中所示的电路的一种特定的示例实现中，使用表1中列举的分量值。例如，微控制器518可用Atmel公司的AVR ATtiny10 6-引脚微控制器实现，尽管鉴于本公开，如将理解的，可以使用任意数量的适当的微控制器。相对于输出转换器519，微控制器518模仿DALI控制板。每当调光角变化时，就向输出转换器519(它可用例如Microchip Technology Inc的PIC16F微控制器来实现)的控制输入端发送串行命令。该串行命令与Optotronic DALI控制器的命令兼容。为了方便，选择具有插入的外围接口控制器(PIC)的该实现，并且替换地，可以实现用于直接控制输出转换器519的来自于微控制器518的PWM信号。在该特定实施例中选择的比较器是STMicroelectronics的TS951ILT。在其它实施例中，如将理解的，可使用微控制器518内的比较器。在这种情况下，微控制器内的固件可被编程或以其它方式被配置以检测斜率的方向(识别上升沿对或下降沿对，以使得在这两个相似的斜率之间，能够进行计时测量)。这些示例的分量值仅仅为了图解说明的目的而提供的，并且要求保护的发明并不意图限制于任何特定的一组组件或值，鉴于本公开，许多的其它值和配置将是显而易见的。
表1：示例组件和值
附图标记 组件/值
513 10nF
514 100nF
510 L4150
508 62k
509 10k
511 10k
512 10k
515 100k
516 100k
517 TS951ILT(ST)
518 ATtiny10(ATMEL)
图5b是示出按照本发明的一个实施例实现的在图5a的电路中的各种点的测量波形的计时图。通道1示出随切相调光器502之后，在电压整流器503之前的输入电压。通道2示出在变压器505的次级侧，在二极管506和电阻器508之前的电压。当调光器502开启(导通)时，该波形代表与切相线路电压类似的AC信号，具有归因于反激开关的高频波动。不过，如所见，在这个示例情况下，在存在噪声尖峰的调光器502的非导通期间，存在额外的短周期。通道3示出检测电路的输出信号(穿过电容器513的电压)。在该点，所述信号与微控制器518使用的输入水平匹配。在该点，大部分的开启时间开关频率和关闭时间噪声被滤出。通道4示出用于LED串521的电流。在这个特定实施例中，以240 Hz和近似对应于在LED串521上的光的40%调光水平的40%占空度，脉宽调制LED电流。
注意，这里提供的技术的适用性与LED驱动器是否提供恒流，恒压，还是恒定电力作为其给LED的输出无关。对这些情况任意之一来说，可以使用为如这里描述的检测相角信息，进行信号处理和产生调光信号而概述的原理。如将进一步理解的，所述技术可用于其它隔离拓扑，以及用于非隔离PFC拓扑，如以下概述那样。
其它隔离 PFC 拓扑
PFC反激转换器是一个隔离PFC拓扑，其可用于LED驱动器，不过，人们可以使用其它隔离的单开关PFC拓扑，诸如隔离的单端初级电感转换器(SEPIC)，Ćuk转换器或ZETA转换器。对更高电力水平来说，在这种情况下也可使用电压馈送半桥转换器或电流馈送推挽转换器。注意，电流馈送推挽转换器不是用于LED驱动器的通常或其他方式典型的PFC拓扑，因为开关电压趋向于高，并且从而该拓扑主要适合于低线路电压(例如，120Vac)。鉴于本公开，如将理解的，所要求保护的发明并不意图限制于具有任何特定的转换器，微控制器或V-I转换器结配置的实现，而是具有许多配置的在许多应用使用。
图6示出通过调光器602，由AC电压源601馈电的按照本发明的一个实施例的LED驱动器的电路设计。电流馈送推挽转换器被用作LED驱动器的一部分，来提供电流隔离。在这个特定实施例中，至推挽转换器的电力被连接到通过AC电压源601，调光器602和整流器603充电的电容器640。推挽转换器包括连接到电容器604的电感器605，变压器609，推挽开关607和608，二极管610和611，和电容器612。变压器609具有中心抽头的 初级以及中心抽头的次级侧。在变压器的初级侧上的开关607和608可交替地对它们各自的变压器的端头供电。二极管610和611每个都连接到变压器的次级侧的相对端，并与电容器612串联连接。这个特定实施例中的相角检测电路包括包含电阻器613和614的分压器，整流二极管615，包含电阻器616和电容器618的低通滤波器，放电电阻器617和微控制器619。包含电阻器613和614的分压器和二极管615一起工作，以按比例缩小AC信号的幅度，从而使之适合于输入进入微控制器619中。包含电阻器616和电容器618的低通滤波器可滤出AC信号的可能存在的不期望的高频分量。电阻器617用来使电容器618连续放电，以防止电容器618充电到AC信号的最大电压，从而确保在调光器602未导通时，电容器618的电压降低。
微控制器619被编程或以其它方式被配置以分析电容器618上的信号，并通过分析该信号的脉宽，推断相角信息。微控制器619的输出可被馈送给转换器620，转换器620的输出驱动LED串622。从而，取决于初始切相信号的相角，可在微控制器619的输出端上创建对应的调光信号，并发送给转换器620。如前所述，微控制器619的输出可以是数字输出信号(标准IO引脚，PWM模块的输出，等等)，或者是模拟输出(具有低通滤波的DAC输出或PWM输出)，所述输出为转换器设定基准信号，并于是建立可被提供给LED串622的电流幅度(模拟调光)或平均电流(PWM调光)。LED串可以与电容器621并联连接。
简化的检测电路
图7示出按照本发明的一个实施例的具有简化的检测电路的LED驱动器的电路设计。该具体实施例包括AC电压源701，调光器开关702，电压整流器703，和具有PFC功能的反激转换器。在这个特定实施例中，反激转换器提供两个输出电压，并且包括晶体管704，变压器705，二极管706和707，及电容器708和709。在这个示例中，变压器705包括两个次级绕组，第一个次级绕组经二极管706连接到V-I转换器716，以及第二个次级绕组经二极管707连接到辅助供给715。简化的检测电路连接到变压器705的次级侧，并且包括二极管710，电阻器711-712，和电容器713。该特定例子图解说明与参考图6描述的电路相比，更简化的检测电路设计，因为在功能保持不变的同时，代替四个，仅仅使用2个电阻器。在这个特定实施例中，电阻器712是低通滤波器的一部分，并且同时随着时间的过去使电容器713排电（drain）。该简化的检测电路连接到微控制器714，微控制器714向V-I转换器716提供调光信号。转换器716的输出驱动LED串718，并且LED串可与电容器717并联连接。
在这个特定的示例实施例中，在和向V-I转换器716提供电力的一个次级绕组不同的次级绕组，进行相角的检测。这可能是有利的，因为在提供电力的绕组上的电压可能高于在用于辅助电力供给715(它可为微控制器和其它控制电路提供例如Vcc=5V)的绕组上的电压，从而不需要为高电压选定分压器(电阻器711-712)，这会导致损耗更低。
图8示出按照本发明的一个实施例，具有简化的检测电路，和用相同的调光信号控制的多个LED串的LED驱动器的电路设计。本特定示例电路包括AC电压源801，调光器开关802，电压整流器803和具有PFC功能的反激转换器。在这个特定实施例中，反激转换器在电容器809-811上提供3个输出电压，并且包括晶体管804，变压器805，二极管806-808和电容器809-811。在这个示例中，变压器705包括3个次级绕组，第一个次级绕组经二极管806连接到V-I转换器814和815，第二个次级绕组经二极管807连接到V-I转换器813，以及第三个次级绕组经二极管808连接到辅助供给812。简化的检测电路连接到变压器805的次级侧，并且包括二极管816，电阻器817-818和电容器819。简化的检测电路连接到微控制器820，微控制器820向每个V-I转换器813-815提供调光信号或亮度值。调光信号可包括DALI亮度值，0-10V亮度值，或者任何其它适当的亮度值。转换器815的输出驱动LED串824，并且该LED串可与电容器821并联连接。转换器814的输出驱动LED串825，并且该LED串可与电容器822并联连接。转换器813的输出驱动LED串826，并且该LED串可与电容器823并联连接。
非隔离 PFC 拓扑
如将理解的，如前所指，这里提供的技术并不需要限制于具有隔离PFC电路的拓扑。例如，用具有非隔离PFC级的拓扑，可以实现用于检测相角信息的相同原理，在非隔离PFC级中，PFC开关信号的感测可在位于中间总线电容器之前的节点发生。例如，在具有升压-PFC（Boost-PFC）的驱动器中，人们可把相角检测电路(诸如图3a-b，4，5a或6各自的电阻器308,408,508或613)连接到PFC控制IC的栅极驱动引脚。一个示例的这种IC是可从STMicroelectronics获得的L6562。取决于具体实施例的需求，输出级可提供电流隔离。假定输出级(无论是隔离的还是非隔离的)的控制位于初级侧，计算调光信号的微控制器也可被利用于控制输出级。对于隔离的PWM可调光输出级，一个示例实施例可以使用额外的光耦把调光信号从初级侧传送给次级侧。在具有模拟电流调光输出级(例如，正向转换器或者谐振半桥转换器)的其它实施例中，或者在非隔离的驱动器的情况下，可以使用这里提供的相角检测技术。
方法
图9是图解说明按照本发明的一个实施例，用于测量切相线路电压的相角信息，并控制LED驱动器的输出的方法的流程图。所述方法可，例如，至少部分由编程或以其它方式被配置到微控制器(例如固件)中的相位测量模块实现，如上分别参考图3a-b，4，5a，6，7和8的314,415,518,619,714和820所论述。在一个特定的示例实施例中，在由ATMEL制造的ATtiny10微控制器(或者任何其它适当的微控制器)内的计时器可接收切相信号。每当微控制器的对应引脚上的电压变化时(或者上升沿或者下降沿)，微控制器内的固件可被编程或以其它方式被配置以保存计时器的值。随后处理这些被保存的时间值，并且在两个连续的下降沿和上升沿之间，用计时器测量的时间差Δt对应于相角。在相同种类的两个边缘之间(例如，在两个下降沿之间，或者在两个上升沿之间)测量的时间对应于工频。在测得的频率过低的情况下，可忽视被捕捉到的最后的计时器值，以便再同步和避免生成错误的调光水平。为此目的，可相应地配置微控制器固件。
时间差Δt随后可被映射成亮度值。在一个特定实施例中，Δt值被映射成DLAI调光水平，以使切相调光器与DALI电路兼容。在其它示例实施例中，用微控制器检测的相角信息可被映射，例如，从而对应于0-10V调光值，或者任何其它适当的亮度值。继续具有DALI示例，与计时器相比，DALI水平的较低分辨率代表第一水平滤波。因为正半波和负半波的相角经常不同，因此可进行两个或更多(最好偶数个)测量值的求平均值。尽管进行了这些两个水平的滤波，虽然如此，作为结果的信号可能非常嘈杂，并且于是需要DALI水平的额外的滤波。从而，在一些实施例中，为了减少噪声，可以应用Kalman式滤波，或者线性二次评估。可以实现该滤波，例如，以创建两个分量：实际值(新的输入)和先前计算的平均值的加权平均。计算用于这种求平均值运算的权重，以使得直接在启动(电路的通电)之后，实际值的权重为高。就每个计算的平均值来说，权重向比新值大的在先值权重移动。换句话说，设备通电时间越长，它越信任旧值，而不是由最近的测量得到的新值，直到达到某个的权重终止值为止。所述终止值和变化速率，以及开始值可被保存在控制器内。Kalman式滤波器的时间常数相当短。求平均值的计算权重可在6-7次测量(例如，在一些实施例中，对应于启动之后约50-70微秒)之后达到其最终值。从而，通常的加权的平均值和上面描述的一个平均值仅在LED驱动器的启动期间不同。
就这个示例实施例来说，启动时的LED驱动器具有与期望的调光水平接近的调光水平。随后传送新的调光水平。在一个具体的这种情况下，在滤波之后，微控制器314把该信息经通信接口319，传送给其它设备，最好是照明设备。在另一个具体的这种情况下，在滤波之后，ATtiny10微控制器向输出转换器，例如输出转换器内的由Microchip制造的PIC微控制器(用于输出转换器，比如图3a-b，4，5a，6，7和8各自的315,416,519,620,716和813-815的控制)发送2字节的信息，从而ATtiny10微控制器模仿DALI控制板或DALI接口板。在这个具体实施例中，第一个字节含有关于渐变时间的信息，而第二个字节含有DALI调光水平，DALI调光水平可以是0～254的值。要求保护的发明并不意图限制于在本示例情况下描述的序列或动作，并且鉴于本公开，所述方法的许多变化将是显而易见的。
许多的实施例将是显而易见的，并且这里描述的特征可被组合到任何数量的配置中。本发明的一个示例实施例提供一种切相调光系统。所述切相调光系统包括具有初级侧和次级侧的电流隔离电路，耦接到电流隔离电路的次级侧，并被配置以检测相角信息的调光电路，和耦接到调光电路，并被配置以按照相角信息，控制输出功率的输出电路。在一些情况下，系统进一步包括提供电流隔离的功率因数校正电路。在一些情况下，电流隔离电路包括推挽转换器。在一些情况下，电流隔离电路包括反激转换器。在一些情况下，电流隔离电路包括半桥转换器。在一些情况下，系统进一步包括在调光电路内的分压器。在一些情况下，系统包进一步括在调光电路内的整流器。在一些情况下，系统进一步包括在调光电路内的低通滤波器。在一些情况下，调光电路包括具有至少一个二极管的整流器。在一些情况下，调光电路包括被配置以通过分析在驱动器的次级侧的信号，来检测相角信息的微控制器。在一些情况下，系统进一步包括低通滤波器和用于通过分析低通滤波器的电容器上的信号，来检测相角信息的微控制器。在一个这样的情况下，微控制器把相角信息映射成照明亮度值。在一个这样的情况下，照明亮度值控制至少一个照明元件的亮度。在一个这样的情况下，微控制器把相角信息映射成DALI亮度值。在一个这样的情况下，微控制器把相角信息映射成0-10V亮度值。在一个这样的情况下，微控制器连接到通信接口。在一些情况下，输出电路进一步包括电压-电流(V-I)转换器，以提供恒流输出。在一个这样的情况下，V-I转换器是降压转换器。在一个这样的情况下，恒流输出向至少一串的LED供电。在一些情况下，输出电路包括通信接口，以把相角信息或照明亮度值提供给与通信接口连接的其它设备。
本发明的另一个实施例提供一种用于检测相角信息的方法。所述方法包括接收切相信号，监测切相信号的电压水平，测量切相信号的电压水平中的变化之间的时间差Δt，并基于测量的时间差，生成调光信号。在一些情况下，接收切相信号发生在电流隔离的LED驱动器电路的次级侧上。在一些情况下，所述方法进一步包括通过测量两个下降沿或两个上升沿之间的时间，计算工频。在一些情况下，所述方法进一步包括把Δt映射成0-10V亮度值。在一些情况下，所述方法进一步包括把Δt映射成DALI亮度值。在一个这样的情况下，调光信号包括两个字节，第一个字节包括关于与调光信号相关的渐变时间的信息，第二个字节包括与调光信号相关的DLAI调光水平值。在一些情况下，所述方法进一步包括通过求至少两个Δt值的平均值，计算平均Δt。在一些情况下，所述方法进一步包括对测得的Δt值，进行额外的线性二次评估滤波。
本发明的另一个实施例提供一种用于检测相角信息的系统。在这个示例情况下，系统包括用于接收切相信号的微控制器，微控制器内的用于检测切相信号的相角的相角检测模块，和微控制器内的用于基于相角，来计算照明亮度值的亮度模块。在一些情况下，相角检测模块包括用于测量切相信号的电压变化之间的时间差Δt的计时器。在一个这样的情况下，亮度模块把Δt映射成照明亮度值。在一些情况下，系统进一步包括通过求至少两个Δt值的平均值，计算平均Δt的滤波模块。
已经为了图解和描述的目的而提出本发明实施例的上述描述。并不意图穷举或将本发明限制于所公开的精确形式。根据本公开，很多修改和变化是可能的。意图不由该详细的描述而是由所附的权利要求来限制本发明的范围。

Claims (27)

1.一种切相调光系统，包括：
具有初级侧和次级侧的电流隔离电路；
调光电路，操作地耦接到电流隔离电路的次级侧，并被配置以检测相角信息；和
输出电路，操作地耦接到调光电路，并被配置以按照相角信息，控制输出功率。
2.按照权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包括提供电流隔离的功率因数校正电路。
3.按照权利要求1所述的系统，其中电流隔离电路包括推挽转换器，反激转换器和/或半桥转换器至少之一。
4.按照权利要求1所述的系统，其中调光电路包含分压器，整流器和/或低通滤波器至少之一。
5.按照权利要求1所述的系统，其中调光电路包含整流器，并且其中所述整流器包含至少一个二极管。
6.按照权利要求1所述的系统，其中调光电路包含被配置以通过分析在驱动器的次级侧上的信号，来检测相角信息的微控制器。
7.按照权利要求1所述的系统，其中调光电路包含低通滤波器，和被配置以通过分析低通滤波器的电容器上的信号，来检测相角信息的微控制器。
8.按照权利要求7所述的系统，其中微控制器被进一步配置以把相角信息映射成照明亮度值。
9.按照权利要求7所述的系统，其中照明亮度值控制至少一个照明元件的亮度。
10.按照权利要求7所述的系统，其中微控制器被进一步配置以把相角信息映射成DALI亮度值。
11.按照权利要求7所述的系统，其中微控制器被进一步配置以把相角信息映射成0-10V亮度值。
12.按照权利要求7所述的系统，其中微控制器连接到通信接口。
13.按照权利要求1所述的系统，其中输出电路包含被配置以提供恒流输出的电压-电流(V-I)转换器。
14.按照权利要求13所述的系统，其中V-I转换器是降压转换器。
15.按照权利要求13所述的系统，其中恒流输出被配置以向至少一串的LED供电。
16.按照权利要求1所述的系统，其中输出电路包含通信接口，以把相角信息或照明亮度值中的至少一个提供给连接到通信接口的其它设备。
17.一种用于检测相角信息的方法，包括：
接收切相信号；
监测切相信号的电压水平；
测量切相信号的电压水平中的变化之间的时间差Δt；和
基于测量的时间差，生成调光信号。
18.按照权利要求17所述的方法，其中接收切相信号发生在电流隔离的LED驱动器电路的次级侧上。
19.按照权利要求17所述的方法，进一步包括通过测量两个下降沿或两个上升沿之间的时间，来计算工频。
20.按照权利要求17所述的方法，进一步包括把Δt映射成0-10V亮度值。
21.按照权利要求17所述的方法，进一步包括把Δt映射成DALI亮度值。
22.按照权利要求21所述的方法，其中调光信号包含两个字节，第一个字节包括关于与调光信号相关联的渐变时间的信息，第二个字节包括与调光信号相关的DLAI调光水平值。
23.按照权利要求17所述的方法，进一步包括通过求至少两个Δt值的平均值，来计算平均Δt。
24.按照权利要求17所述的方法，进一步包括对测得的Δt值，进行额外的线性二次评估滤波。
25.一种用于检测相角信息的系统，包括：
被配置以接收切相信号的微控制器；
微控制器内的被配置以检测切相信号的相角的相角检测模块；和
微控制器内的被配置以基于相角，计算照明亮度值的亮度模块。
26.按照权利要求25所述的系统，其中相角检测模块包括被配置以测量切相信号的电压变化之间的时间差Δt的计时器，并且亮度模块被配置以把Δt映射成照明亮度值。
27.按照权利要求25所述的系统，进一步包括被配置以通过求至少两个Δt值的平均值，来计算平均Δt的滤波模块。
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