CN104108131A - 3D printing forming method for ceramic materials - Google Patents
3D printing forming method for ceramic materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN104108131A CN104108131A CN201410315556.XA CN201410315556A CN104108131A CN 104108131 A CN104108131 A CN 104108131A CN 201410315556 A CN201410315556 A CN 201410315556A CN 104108131 A CN104108131 A CN 104108131A
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- printing
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- freezing
- ceramic material
- shaping method
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
Abstract
The invention provides a 3D printing forming method for ceramic materials. Sol with the low-temperature freezing feature is adopted to be mixed with powder such as ceramic or metal to be prepared into sizing with the freezing and coagulating property, the sizing is sprayed on a low-temperature printing platform through a printing nozzle to be frozen and coagulated, and various materials and products are printed layer by layer. According to the 3D printing forming method for the ceramic materials, the feature that some sol can be coagulated and solidified in a low-temperature freezing state is utilized, the preparing technology of raw materials is simple, convenient to conduct and fast, cost is low, coagulation and solidification can be achieved simply in the freezing state, and the application field of the 3D printing technology is expanded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of 3D printing shaping method of ceramic material, belong to function, structural ceramic material 3D printing technique field.
Background technology
It is a kind of 3D solid rapid shaping manufacturing technology that 3D prints, combine the advantage of the multinomial technology such as computer graphical processing, digital information and control, laser technology, mechanical & electrical technology and material technology, this technique functions comes from " rapid prototyping manufacture " technology being born in 1988.RP technique has adopted a kind ofly brand-new manufactures Three-dimensional Entity Components without mold freedom forming principle, obtains certain 3D shape by increasing gradually the method for material.This forming method does not need mould, has saved the processes such as Design of Dies, manufacture and matched moulds, the demoulding, has significantly shortened research and development and manufacturing cycle, has reduced the cost of product.
The basic functional principle that 3D prints is discrete-accumulation.First the physical form of product is converted into 3-dimensional digital three-dimensional model by modeling software or spatial digitizer, by discrete at Z axis this model, forms a series of thin layers with specific thicknesses by delamination software.Then utilize the whole bag of tricks that these a series of thin layers are successively piled up.Finally by excessively suitable post-processing approach, obtain required product.
3D printing shaping technology can be divided into two large classes: the first kind is the forming method based on laser technology, as stereolithography (Sterolithography Apparatus, SLA), quires layer (Laminated Object Manufacturing, LOM), selective laser sintering (Select ive Laser Sintered, SLS), selective laser melting (Select ive Laser Melted, SLM) etc.; Equations of The Second Kind is the forming method of non-laser technology, as fuse deposition (Fused Depos ition Modeling, FDM), mask photocuring (Mask Stereolithography, MS), impact particulate manufacture (Ballistic Particle Manufacturing, BPM), (Solid Ground, SGC) etc. solidified in entity grinding.From current development, non-laser technology does not need expensive laser system, and equipment reliability of operation is better, has exceeded the 3D printing technique based on laser, becomes the main flow of rapid shaping technique.But these 3D printing techniques are had relatively high expectations to adopted raw material, as the shape and size of powder material will be convenient to transport, photocuring raw material will add according to technological requirement the compositions such as dispersant, polymerization inhibitor, multiple light trigger, these raw materials all need the synthetic or manufacture by special producer according to certain principles and equipment conventionally, have limited further applying of 3D printing technique.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome prior art deficiency, provide that a kind of versatility is good, cost is low, be convenient to the 3D printing shaping method of the ceramic material of promoting.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of 3D printing shaping method of ceramic material, comprises the following steps:
Set up the threedimensional model of product, model is carried out to layering processing, set up 3D print routine.
In threedimensional model, the thickness of each layering cross section structure can not be too thick, otherwise can affect the combination between two-layer, and in threedimensional model, the thickness of each layering cross section structure is no more than 0.5mm and can meets the demands.
Preparation has the slurry of freezing gel character,
The slurry with freezing gel character is mixed and is formed by colloidal sol and powder material, colloidal sol meeting gel solidification under cryogenic freezing state that the present invention is selected, shape and size when curing base substrate still keeps freezing in the time that thaw point is above, are not also significantly out of shape after being fully dried and shrink.This type of conventional colloidal sol with freezing gel character comprises Ludox, aluminium colloidal sol, mullite sol and zirconium colloidal sol, but not as limit, the Ludox that preferably solid volume fraction is 10～25%.Powder material comprises the powder of ceramic powder or containing metal element etc., can be formed by the oxide of metal and/or one or more elements, mixed oxide, nitride or carbide, metal can magnesium, aluminium, potassium, calcium, titanium, iron, copper, zinc, tin, lead etc., element comprises boron, sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, tin, lead, barium etc., and concrete powder kind is determined according to product to be prepared.In slurry, also can need to add other additives such as dispersant, binding agent according to technique.
The slurry with freezing gel character will have mobility, can transport under pressure by pipeline, and its solid volume fraction is 35～85%, can ensure carrying out smoothly of follow-up 3D printing, if solid volume fraction is too little, slurry is too rare, easily produce trickling at 3D print procedure, be unfavorable for gel; If solid volume fraction is too large, slurry is too thick, sprays and has some setbacks at 3D print procedure, is unfavorable for printing.
The workbench of 3D printing device is placed in to reefer space;
The temperature of reefer space will be lower than the freezing point of slurry with freezing gel character, slurry can be with certain speed at this temperature freezing and gel solidification.The colloidal sol generally with freezing gel character≤all can freezing gel-40 DEG C in the situation that, the most common for being filled with liquid nitrogen in engineering operation.
3D prints, and 3D printing device is printed preset program according to 3D and on workbench, sprayed the slurry with freezing gel character, obtains the model base substrate that 3D prints.
Start 3D printing device, printhead is along x to moving with y direction guiding rail, spray slurry according to predetermined print routine, complete after the printing of first layer cross section, workbench, along z to the bed thickness that declines, carries out the printing of second point of layer cross section, repeats said process, successively complete the printing of each point of layer cross section of threedimensional model, obtain model base substrate.
The jet velocity of slurry should not be too fast, taking selected collosol and gel speed as standard, ensures that slurry can complete freezing gel, is generally advisable at 2～200mL/h, selects as the case may be; In printhead or workbench motion process, both relative velocities are unsuitable too fast, corresponding with jet velocity and every layer of print thickness of slurry, are generally advisable at 1～100mm/s, select as the case may be; Printhead divides the distance of layer cross section to be≤10mm with the threedimensional model of printing, and apart from too far away, the continuity of the slurry ejecting is bad, forms drop, is unfavorable for that slurry forms uniform material at each point of layer cross section.
Being dried and/or sintering according to technological requirement of the model base substrate that 3D prints, obtains final products.
Body drying mode is freeze drying and/or common dry, and temperature is≤100 DEG C, and pressure condition is negative pressure or normal pressure.The sintering processing of base substrate is air calcination, pressureless sintering, gas pressure sintering or hot pressed sintering.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art:
(1) the present invention utilizes the characteristic of some colloidal sol meeting gel solidification under cryogenic freezing state, and raw material preparation technology is simple and efficient, and cost is low, as long as can be at gel solidification under freezing state, have expanded the application of 3D printing technique;
(2) 3D of the present invention prints without special printing device, and equipment is simple, only workbench need be placed in to freezing environment, does not need Design of Dies and manufacture simultaneously, has shortened the research and production cycle, has reduced cost;
(3) blank strength of moulding of the present invention is high, and good uniformity can be used for preparing the product of various sizes and complicated shape;
(4) the present invention is based on the 3D forming method of freezing gel, cost is low, versatility good, is easy to be extended and applied.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is process principle figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is structural representation of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention utilizes some colloidal sol meeting gel solidification under cryogenic freezing state, and shape and size when curing base substrate still keeps freezing in the time that thaw point is above are not also significantly out of shape after being fully dried and shrink.Based on this character of colloidal sol, the colloidal sol that employing has cryogenic freezing characteristic is mixed with into the slurry with freezing gel character with the powder such as pottery or metal, slurry is injected in freezing, gel solidification on the print platform of low temperature by printhead, successively print and obtain various types of materials and product.
The present invention as shown in Figure 1, realizes by following steps:
1, set up the threedimensional model of product as shown in Figure 2, model is carried out to layering processing, the thickness of each layering cross section structure is≤0.5mm, sets up print routine.
2, adopt ball milling or high-speed stirred technique that colloidal sol is mixed with ceramic powder or metal powder etc., obtain having the slurry of freezing gel character, its solid volume fraction is 35～85%, this slurry is joined in the storage tank of syringe pump 3 (printing device as shown in Figure 2).
3, the temperature in space, target product place on print job platform 2 is set, temperature≤-40 DEG C of reefer space.
4, start printing device, printhead 1 moves along x direction guiding rail 4 and y direction guiding rail 5, under driving, syringe pump 3 sprays slurry according to preset program, the jet velocity of slurry is 2～200mL/h, completes after first layer cross section prints, and workbench is along z direction guiding rail 6 bed thickness that declines, carry out the printing of second point of layer cross section, repeat said process, successively complete the printing of each point of layer cross section of threedimensional model, obtain model base substrate.When printing, in printhead 1 or workbench 2 motion processes, both relative velocities are 1～100mm/s, and printhead 1 divides the distance of layer cross section to be≤10mm with the threedimensional model of printing.
5, base substrate is dried moisture in temperature is the common or vacuum drying chamber of 1～100 DEG C, completes the moulding of goods.
Explain in detail the present invention by accompanying drawing and instantiation below.
Embodiment 1
Utilize computer to set up three-dimensional entity model, along z to generating the stratified model that every layer thickness is 2.0mm, complete the scanning pattern program of every layer cross section.
Measure 100mL Ludox, solid volume fraction is 23%; Take 176g silicon-dioxide powdery, particle diameter is 15 microns, and purity is 98%.Above-mentioned raw materials is mixed under high-speed stirred, obtain solid volume fraction and be 72% slurry, add in the storage tank of syringe pump.
Print job platform temperature is set and is-75 DEG C, the jet velocity that printhead is set is 30mL/h, and the distance of printhead and print platform is 1.5mm.
Start printing device, operation print routine, printhead completes the printing in first layer cross section according to default scanning pattern.Workbench decline 2.0mm, starts second point of layer cross section and prints, and said process loops, and successively obtains model base substrate.
Base substrate is transferred in drying box, dried 48h at 40 DEG C, complete the moulding of silica goods.
Embodiment 2
Utilize computer to set up three-dimensional entity model, along z to generating the stratified model that every layer thickness is 1.0mm, complete the scanning pattern program of every layer cross section.
Take 88.96 grams of beta-silicon nitride powders, α phase content is 93%, and particle diameter is 0.40～0.60 micron; Take 81.98 grams of aluminium nitride powders, particle diameter is 0.50～6.00 micron, and purity is 98.5%; Take 20 grams of silicon-dioxide powderies, particle diameter is 15 microns, and purity is 98%; Take 11 grams of yttrium oxide powders, particle diameter is 0.6～0.8 micron, and purity is 99.5%; Measure 80 milliliters of silicon dioxide gels, its solid concentration is 23%; Above-mentioned powder and colloidal sol are mixed, and ball milling is after 30 minutes, obtains solid content and be 57% slurry, adds in the storage tank of syringe pump.
Print job platform temperature is set for-196 DEG C (reefer space topping up nitrogen), the jet velocity that printhead is set is 10mL/h, and the distance of printhead and print platform is 1.5mm.
Start printing device, operation print routine, printhead completes the printing in first layer cross section according to default scanning pattern.Workbench decline 1.0mm, starts second point of layer cross section and prints, and said process loops, and successively obtains model base substrate.
Base substrate is transferred in drying box, dried 48h at 40 DEG C, complete the moulding of Sialon ceramic.
Embodiment 3
Utilize computer to set up three-dimensional entity model, along z to generating the stratified model that every layer thickness is 0.5mm, complete the scanning pattern program of every layer cross section.
Measure 20mL aluminium colloidal sol, solid volume fraction is 12%; Take 28g alumina powder jointed, particle diameter is 8 microns, and purity is 99%.Above-mentioned raw materials is mixed under high-speed stirred, obtain solid volume fraction and be 35% slurry, add in the storage tank of syringe pump.
Print job platform temperature is set and is-196 DEG C, the jet velocity that printhead is set is 2mL/h, and the distance of printhead and print platform is 1.0mm.
Start printing device, operation print routine, printhead completes the printing in first layer cross section according to default scanning pattern.Workbench decline 0.5mm, starts second point of layer cross section and prints, and said process loops, and successively obtains model base substrate.
Base substrate is transferred in vacuum drying chamber, at 30 DEG C of vacuum drying 36h, completed the moulding of alumina article.
The unspecified part of the present invention is known to the skilled person technology.
Claims (6)
1. a 3D printing shaping method for ceramic material, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Preparation has the slurry of freezing gel character,
The slurry with freezing gel character is mixed and is formed by colloidal sol and powder material, and the solid volume fraction of the slurry of freezing gel character is 35～85%;
The workbench of 3D printing device is placed in to reefer space; With
3D printing device is printed preset program according to 3D and on workbench, is sprayed the slurry with freezing gel character, obtains the model base substrate that 3D prints.
2. the 3D printing shaping method of a kind of ceramic material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described colloidal sol is for comprising Ludox, aluminium colloidal sol, mullite sol or zirconium colloidal sol.
3. the 3D printing shaping method of a kind of ceramic material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the temperature of described reefer space for≤-40 DEG C.
4. the 3D printing shaping method of a kind of ceramic material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness that described 3D prints each layering cross section structure of threedimensional model in preset program is≤0.5mm.
5. the 3D printing shaping method of a kind of ceramic material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described powder material comprises the powder of ceramic powder or containing metal element.
6. the 3D printing shaping method of a kind of ceramic material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described 3D print procedure, the printhead of 3D equipment and the threedimensional model of current printing divide the distance of layer cross section to be≤10mm.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105777180A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-07-20 | 贵州师范大学 | Method for preparing porous silicon nitride through three-dimensional printing |
| CN106003363A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 西安工业大学 | 3D printing method for biological ceramic green body |
| CN106426506A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-02-22 | 西安工业大学 | Manufacturing method of biological ceramic blank |
| CN106885496A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-06-23 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Metal bridge transducing unit and its manufacture method |
| CN107698261A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2018-02-16 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of 3D printing ceramic material |
| CN107698260A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2018-02-16 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of method of ceramic 3D printing shaping |
| CN107696233A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2018-02-16 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of ceramic 3D printing equipment |
| CN107957404A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-24 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of method of regulation and control THz wave optical window response characteristic |
| CN108582416A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-28 | 湖南筑巢智能科技有限公司 | A kind of large and medium-sized ware manufacturing method |
| CN109485430A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-19 | 中南大学 | A method of it prepares with biomimetic porous complex three-dimensional structural ceramics |
| CN110355991A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2019-10-22 | 北京大学 | 3D printing method and 3D printing equipment |
| CN110815491A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-02-21 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | 3D (three-dimensional) freezing printing method of ceramic component |
| CN111943688A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-17 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | 3D (three-dimensional) freezing printing method |
| CN112299855A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-02 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | MgAlON ceramic powder preparation method based on 3D printing forming |
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| DE102006055281B4 (en) * | 2006-11-23 | 2009-02-12 | Universität Bremen | Process for producing a ceramic shaped body |
| CN1962547A (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2007-05-16 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Method for preparing alumina porous ceramic using gelatin wrapping-freeze drying process |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105777180A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-07-20 | 贵州师范大学 | Method for preparing porous silicon nitride through three-dimensional printing |
| CN106003363A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 西安工业大学 | 3D printing method for biological ceramic green body |
| CN106003363B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-09-11 | 西安工业大学 | A kind of 3D printing method of bioceramic green body |
| CN106426506A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-02-22 | 西安工业大学 | Manufacturing method of biological ceramic blank |
| CN106426506B (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-10-12 | 西安工业大学 | A kind of manufacturing method of bioceramic green body |
| CN107957404A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-24 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of method of regulation and control THz wave optical window response characteristic |
| CN106885496A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-06-23 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Metal bridge transducing unit and its manufacture method |
| CN107698261A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2018-02-16 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of 3D printing ceramic material |
| CN107696233A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2018-02-16 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of ceramic 3D printing equipment |
| CN107698260A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2018-02-16 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of method of ceramic 3D printing shaping |
| CN110355991A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2019-10-22 | 北京大学 | 3D printing method and 3D printing equipment |
| CN108582416A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-28 | 湖南筑巢智能科技有限公司 | A kind of large and medium-sized ware manufacturing method |
| CN109485430A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-19 | 中南大学 | A method of it prepares with biomimetic porous complex three-dimensional structural ceramics |
| CN110815491A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-02-21 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | 3D (three-dimensional) freezing printing method of ceramic component |
| CN111943688A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-17 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | 3D (three-dimensional) freezing printing method |
| CN111943688B (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-04-26 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | 3D (three-dimensional) freezing printing method |
| CN112299855A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-02 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | MgAlON ceramic powder preparation method based on 3D printing forming |
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