CN104104264A - System and method for controlling actuator of active materials - Google Patents
System and method for controlling actuator of active materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN104104264A CN104104264A CN201410147887.7A CN201410147887A CN104104264A CN 104104264 A CN104104264 A CN 104104264A CN 201410147887 A CN201410147887 A CN 201410147887A CN 104104264 A CN104104264 A CN 104104264A
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/0005—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing non-specific motion; Details common to machines covered by H02N2/02 - H02N2/16
- H02N2/0075—Electrical details, e.g. drive or control circuits or methods
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- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
A system for controlling an actuator of active materials comprises an actuator for actuating the active materials when being electrified, a power supply which is configured to supply electric power and a control circuit which contains a plurality of circuits and is configured to selectively establish a control circuit of the electrical connection between the actuator of the active materials and the power supply based on the reception of an activation signal. The control circuit is configured to cut off at least one of the circuits when no activation signal is received in order to minimize parasitic current which is taken from the power supply.
Description
Technical field
The disclosure relates to for controlling the system and method for the actuating of active material actuator.
Background technology
Active material provides actuating with relatively low cost and quality.Active material can comprise marmem (SMA), electroactive polymer (EAP), piezoelectric, magnetostrictive material and electrical throttle material.Non-linear due to active material, the actuating of accurately controlling the active material that actuating is provided is difficult.
Summary of the invention
The disclosure relates to for controlling the system and method for active material actuator.In an embodiment, described system comprises and is constructed to the active material actuator activating when when energising, supply with the power supply of electric power and comprise a plurality of loops and be constructed to the acceptance based on activation signal and optionally set up the control circuit being electrically connected between active material actuator and power supply.Control circuit is constructed to when control circuit does not receive activation signal by least one loop power-off, to minimize the parasite current drawing from power supply.
In an embodiment, control circuit comprises voltage sensor loop, and this voltage sensor loop is constructed to measure the voltage potential of the electric power that power supply supplies with.Voltage sensor loop is constructed to power-off when control circuit does not receive activation signal.Voltage sensor loop can comprise low conducting resistance solid-state switch, and such as switch mosfet, this switch is constructed to when control circuit does not receive activation signal optionally from power supply off voltage sensing loop.
In an embodiment, control circuit comprises the power-supply filter that is electrically connected to power supply.Power-supply filter is constructed to filter the output voltage of being supplied with by power supply.Power-supply filter can comprise at least one diode, and this diode is constructed to prevent that reverse voltage from coming across on the circuit of following input filter.
In an embodiment, control circuit comprises the bias adjustment device that is electrically connected to power-supply filter.Bias adjustment device is constructed to the output voltage that regulates power supply to supply with.Bias adjustment device is constructed to power-off when control circuit does not receive activation signal.
In an embodiment, control circuit comprises power switch loop, and this power switch loop is constructed to optionally to set up being electrically connected between active material actuator and power supply when control circuit does not receive activation signal.Power switch loop can comprise low conducting resistance solid-state switch, such as switch mosfet, to control the electric current through active material actuator.
In an embodiment, control circuit comprises digital control processor, and this digital control processor is constructed to produce the pulse width modulating signal with duty ratio.Digital control processor is electrically connected to power switch loop.Like this, digital control processor is constructed to pulse width modulating signal to be delivered to power switch loop.Control circuit also comprises the computer program port that is a little connected to digital control processor.Computer program port is constructed to allow the transfer of data between digital control processor and remote computer.
In an embodiment, control circuit comprises temperature sensing loop, and this temperature sensing loop is constructed to measure and approaches the ambient temperature of dynamic material actuator and produce the temperature signal that represents ambient temperature.
In an embodiment, control circuit comprises position sensing loop, and this position sensing loop is constructed to the position of detection of active material actuator and produces the position signalling of the position that represents active material actuator.
In an embodiment, control circuit comprises current sense loop, and electric current generation that this current sense loop is constructed to measure through active material actuator represent by the current signal of the electric current of actuator.
In an embodiment, digital control processor is constructed to receive temperature signal, current signal, position signalling and voltage signal.Digital control processor is constructed to the duty ratio based on current signal, voltage signal, position signalling and temperature signal regulating impulse bandwidth modulation signals.In an embodiment, active material actuator comprises marmem.Control circuit can comprise the signal processing unit that is constructed to filter the activation signal of being supplied with by peripheral control unit.
The disclosure also relates to the method for controlling active material actuator.In an embodiment, the method comprises whether definite activation signal is received by control circuit.Control circuit can comprise a plurality of loops and be constructed to optionally set up being electrically connected between active material actuator and power supply.The method also can comprise if control circuit does not receive activation signal, by at least one power-off in a plurality of loops to minimize the parasite current drawing from power supply, if and control circuit receives activation signal, to a plurality of loops, switch on to set up being electrically connected between active material actuator and power supply, thereby activate active material actuator.
In an embodiment, described method comprises and monitors and to approach the ambient temperature of active material actuator, the voltage of the position of active material actuator, power supply and through the electric current of active material actuator.The method also can comprise to active material actuator supplies with pulse width modulating signal.The method also can comprise the position based on ambient temperature, active material actuator, the voltage of power supply and the duty ratio of passing the electric current regulating impulse bandwidth modulation signals of active material actuator.
When by reference to the accompanying drawings with appended claim, above-mentioned Characteristics and advantages of the present invention, and other Characteristics and advantages are from below to becoming obvious for realizing the detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and optimal mode.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is the explanatory view that comprises the actuating system of active material actuator, power supply and the switch in enable possition;
Figure 1B is the explanatory view of the actuating system of Figure 1A, and it is in the close position that it illustrates switch;
Fig. 2 is the schematic chart of control circuit of the actuating system of Figure 1A;
Fig. 3 be shown in Fig. 2 according to the in detail schematically chart of the control circuit of embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 4 is the detailed schematic chart according to the current sense loop of the control circuit of another embodiment of the present disclosure and power switch loop; And
Fig. 5 shows the flow chart of the method for controlling the actuating device shown in Figure 1A and 1B.
Embodiment
Referring now to accompanying drawing,, wherein similar Reference numeral represents part corresponding in several views, and the disclosure relates to the system and method for the actuating of controlling active material actuator.Term used " active material (active material) " refers to when the material that suffers or meet with its character while stimulating such as the activation of thermostimulation and can experience reversible variation.Active material includes but not limited to marmem (SMA), electroactive polymer (EAP), piezoelectric, magnetostrictive material and electrical throttle material etc.For example, SMA is a group material that shows the ability that returns to some shapes that limit before or size when suffering suitable thermostimulation.Particularly, SMA can experience crystal-phase transformation, and in phase transformation, their yield strength, rigidity, size and/or shape change based on temperature.SMA exist in several different temperature, rely on mutually in.For example, some SMA are because martensitic phase and the crystal variation between austenite phase show recoverable strain greatly.Applicable SMA includes but not limited to nickel titanium based alloy, indium titanium-base alloy, nickel-aluminum base alloy, nickel gallium-base alloy, acid bronze alloy (for example, ormolu, albronze, copper-gold alloy and signal bronze), golden cadmium base alloy, silver-colored cadmium base alloy, indium cadmium base alloy, manganese acid bronze alloy, iron platinum base alloy, iron platinum base alloy etc.
Figure 1A and 1B schematically show the actuating system 28 that comprises actuating device 30.Actuating device 30 comprises the active material actuator 36 that is constructed to actuating when energising.Actuating system 28 comprises actuating device 30.Active material actuator 36 can be the part of actuating device 30, and by least one, such as the active material of SMA, is made whole or in part.As detailed below, active material actuator 36 can change its shape or big or small another parts with mobile actuating device 30 under different temperature conditions.Except active material actuator 36, actuating device 30 comprises housing 32, be arranged in movable member 34 in housing 32, system controller 38 and such as the biasing member 34 of spring.Movable member 34 is connected to housing 32 movably.Like this, movable member 34 can with respect to housing 32 first or do not activated position (Figure 1A) and second or actuated position (Figure 1B) between move.In the embodiment shown, movable member 34 is rotatably attached to housing 32.Subsequently, movable member 34 can rotate not activateding between position and actuated position with respect to housing 32.Pin 39 or any other applicable securing member can be connected to housing 32 rotatably by movable member 34.Pin 39 can be connected to the inner surface 33 of housing 32.
Actuating device 30 also comprises position transducer 41, and position transducer 41 is constructed to detect the position of movable member 34.In the embodiment shown, position transducer 41 is such as rotary digital encoder or potentiometric rotational position sensor, and is coupled to pin 39.Position transducer 41 is with system controller 38 electric connections and therefore can provide position feed back signal to system controller 38.Position feed back signal represents that movable member 34 or active material actuator 36 are with respect to the position of housing 32.
Active material actuator 36 can be electric wire and comprise the first actuator end 35 and the second actuator end 37.Active material actuator 36 roughly U-shaped and therefore the first actuator end 35 can approach the second actuator end 37.Yet, be contemplated that the second actuator end 37 can be contrary with the first actuator end 35.The first actuator end 35 is mechanically connected to movable member 34, and the second actuator end 37 is mechanically connected to the inner surface 33 of housing 32.In one embodiment, active material actuator 36 is made by SMA whole or in part.Yet active material actuator 36 can be whole or in part by making such as other applicable active materials of electroactive polymer (EAP), piezoelectric, magnetostrictive material, electrical throttle material or their combination.Although accompanying drawing shows the electric wire of substantial linear, active material actuator 36 can the function of actuating device 30 and the actuation force of active material actuator 36 needs based on expectation have other shapes.No matter what shape it is, active material actuator 36 is electrically connected to the power supply 42 such as electrical storage device (ESD).Switch 44 is connected electrically between power supply 42 and active material actuator 36.Power supply 42 is constructed to supply with electric power.Switch 44 can be changed between opening (Figure 1A) and closure state (Figure 1B).In enable possition, do not have electricity to advance to active material actuator 36 from power supply 42.On the contrary, in make position, electric energy is enough advances to active material actuator 36 from power supply 42.Thereby active material actuator 36 can be energized when switch 44 is in the close position.If active material actuator 36 is made by SMA material whole or in part, electrical current flows through active material actuator 36 and causes that variations in temperature in active material actuator 36 is to cause the strain in active material actuator 36.As a result, active material actuator 36 is retracted the first actuator end 35 and the second actuator end 37 keeps fixing, thereby applies moment of torsion on movable member 34.
The biasing member 40 of actuating device 30 can be wind spring and be connected in movable member 34 and the part of housing 32 between.In the embodiment shown, biasing member 40 limits the first offset side 43 and second offset side 45 contrary with the first offset side 43.The first offset side 43 is mechanically connected to movable member 34, and the second offset side 45 is mechanically connected to the inner surface 33 of housing 32.When actuating device 30 does not activated (Figure 1A), biasing member 40 applies biased torque 94 on movable member 34.Biased torque 94 produces and applies the stress of strain and elongate thus active material actuator 36 in the active material actuator 36 not being activated.On the other hand, when actuating device 30 activated (Figure 1B), active material actuator 36 is because being electrically connected between power supply 42 and active material actuator 36 is activated.When actuating device 30 activated, the active material actuator 36 of energising makes the strain applying recover and on movable member 34, apply corresponding power 96, and this power is delivered to again the biasing member 40 of opposing biased torque 94.
System controller 38 can be printed circuit board (PCB) (PCB) and be connected to housing 32.For example, in the embodiment shown, system controller 38 is arranged on the outer surface 31 of housing 32.Yet conceivable, system controller 38 can be arranged on the inner surface 33 of housing 32 maybe can be positioned at the outside of actuating device 30.No matter its position where, and system controller 38 is all constructed to receive from the activation signal of peripheral control unit to start based on some vehicle condition or to close actuating device 30.
For example, system controller 38 can represent the activation signal that vehicle hatch door is opened and starts actuating device 30(and thereby make active material actuator 36 energisings based on receiving).Therefore, actuating device 30 can be used to the parts of moving vehicle on one's own initiative.For example, another part of movable member 34(or actuating device 30) be operably connected to hatch door hole to open on one's own initiative or closing chamber aperture of door based on some vehicle condition.As everyone knows, vehicle comprises the vehicle body that limits the inner space such as driving cabin space or luggage compartment space.Inner space is sealed by the hatch door such as door or luggage-boot lid.Hatch door or vehicle body comprise that seal is with tightly with respect to vehicle body sealing hatch door with the inner space that prevents fragment, water, noise etc. and enter vehicle everywhere.These seals also prevent that air from spilling in hatch door sealing, cause that thus the air pressure in the inner space of vehicle increases.Closing of the air pressure opposing hatch door increasing in inner space, has increased thus and has closed the needed strength of hatch door.In order to alleviate the increase of the air pressure in the inner space of vehicle when hatch door is closed, vehicle can comprise the aperture member that the fluid between the outside environment that can move optionally to set up inner space is communicated with.Thereby aperture member can comprise that one or more blades (vane) that can move to enable possition from detent position are to allow air to leave from the inner space of vehicle.Another part of the first actuator end 35(or actuating device 30) be operably connected to blade to make blade optionally move based on some vehicle condition between unlatching and detent position.For example, vehicle can comprise one or more whether hatch door transducers in opening and closing of fault position of hatch door that are constructed to detect.This hatch door transducer can send activation signal to system controller 38.Thereby, the reception based on representing the activation signal of hatch door in enable possition, system controller 38 can order actuating device 30 that the blade of aperture member is moved to enable possition.On the contrary, in order to respond, represent the activation signal of hatch door in detent position, system controller 38 can order actuating device 30 that the blade of aperture member is moved to detent position.Alternatively, system controller 38 can start or forbid actuating device 30 with based on other vehicle conditions other parts of moving vehicle optionally.
As detailed below, system controller 38 is constructed to receive electric power and effectively follows the trail of the time.In addition, system controller 38 can monitor the voltage from power supply 42, approaches the ambient temperature of active material actuator 36, the electric current that passes active material actuator 36 and movable member 34 or active material actuator 36 with respect to the position of housing 32.Thereby system controller 38 is constructed to receive via different electrical signal lines or Local Area Network bus the information about temperature, voltage, electric current and active material actuator history that comes from transducer.LAN bus provides the structuring communication signal between transducer and system controller 38.System controller 38 is constructed to produce and converts the voltage through pulse width modulation (PWM) duty ratio of active material actuator 36 to.Therefore,, by controlling the PWM duty ratio through the voltage through active material actuator 36, the root mean square of active material actuator 36 (RMS) electric current can be controlled effectively and accurately.Alternatively, system controller 38 can also be integrated into the micro controller unit (MCU) in actuating device 30 when controlling other actuating devices.
As mentioned above, the reception that active material actuator 36 can be based on electric energy and change its shape or size.For example, if active material actuator 36 is made by SMA material whole or in part, active material actuator changes its shape and flows through with response current the heat that it is produced.Yet because some situation, active material actuator 36 may need the electric current changing effectively to operate.For example, the desired locations of ambient temperature, movable member 34 and the behavior that for example, can affect active material actuator 36 such as the unusual situation of the active material actuator 36 of opening or shortening or vehicle part (, the hole of obstruction) of blocking and so on.Thereby, need to consider status and develop the system that can control actuating device 30.
In addition, from the reverse voltage of power supply and overvoltage can be bad affect the running of active material actuator 36.Thereby, need exploitation to prevent reverse voltage and the superpotential system from power supply by prolection material actuator 36.In addition, unacceptable high electric current also can affect the running of active material actuator 36 badly.Thereby, need exploitation can regulate regardless of mains voltage variations the system of the electric current that flows through active material actuator 36.Also need exploitation can minimize the system of the parasite current that draws power supply.As mentioned above, the activation signal that active material actuator 36 can be based on being produced by external electrical controller received and being activated.Yet when active material actuator 36 is not activated, system can be closed one or more loops to minimize the parasite current drawing from power supply.In addition, need exploitation can under different situations, effectively control able to programme, the system cheaply of actuating device 30.In some large-scale application such as motor vehicles application, exploitation can be effectively and the system cheaply of controlling efficiently actuating device 30 be important.
Fig. 2 and 3 schematically shows for controlling the control system 49 of active material actuator 36.Control system 49 comprises control circuit 50, and this control circuit 50 is parts of system controller 38.Control circuit comprise a plurality of loops and with peripheral control unit 58 electrical communication such as vehicle body controller.Therefore, control circuit 50 is constructed to receive the activation signal 78 from peripheral control unit 58.Activation signal 78 can be based on some situation, and such as vehicle condition, in these situations, active material actuator 36 must activated to meet described situation.For example, when vehicle doorn or hatch door open or close, peripheral control unit 58 can produce and send activation signal 78 to control circuit 50.Control circuit 50 is constructed to receiver selectivity based on activation signal 78 sets up being electrically connected between active material actuator 36 and power supply 42.In addition, control circuit 50 is constructed to when control circuit 50 does not receive activation signal 78 by least one loop power-off, to minimize the parasite current drawing from power supply 42.
Continuation is referring to Fig. 2 and 3, and activation signal 78 is sent to signal processing unit 60.Signal processing unit 60 can be the part of control circuit 50 and can process activation signal 78 to apply restriction on activation signal 78.For example, signal processing unit 60 can be used as traffic filter, voltage/current limiter or their combination.Therefore, signal processing unit 60 can be constructed to reduce frequency higher than the amplitude of the signal of cut-off frequency.Alternatively or extraly, signal processing unit 60 can be constructed to apply the upper limit on the voltage/current of activation signal 78.As shown in Figure 3, signal processing unit 60 can be constructed to electric loop and can therefore be called as signal conditioning circuit.In the embodiment shown, signal processing unit 60 comprises low pass filter loop 80 and the one or more diodes such as Zener diode 82, to apply restriction on activation signal 78, and produces thus control signal 114.Low pass filter loop 80 can comprise one or more resistors 84 and the one or more capacitors such as non-polarized capacitor 86.In the disclosure, control signal 114 also can refer to the activation signal of filtration.
Control signal 114 can be communicated with bias voltage adjustment device 56.When bias voltage adjustment device 56 receives activation control signal 114, the output voltage 98 that bias voltage adjustment device 56 can regulate power supply 42 to supply with.Bias voltage adjustment device 56 is constructed to when the power supply 42 of service voltage and peripheral control unit 58 are activated, and by control circuit 50, distributes suitable voltage.Voltage regulator 56 is constructed to not disconnect through regulation voltage 102(when control signal 114 is activated, bias voltage 102) to reduce the parasitic circuit consumption of control circuit 50.
Power supply 42 is electrically connected to control circuit 50 and therefore can supplies with output voltage 98 to control circuit 50.Should imagine, power supply 42 can be for example battery such as Vehicular battery, alternating current generator or any device that can store electrical energy.Thereby power supply 42 also can refer to vehicle power supply.Output voltage 98 is sent to power-supply filter 54.Power-supply filter 54 is constructed to alleviate reverse voltage.Alternatively or extraly, power-supply filter 54 is constructed to suppress electromagnetic interference (EMI).In Fig. 3 institute illustrated embodiment, power-supply filter 54 is constructed to power-supply filter loop and comprises the one or more diodes such as the Schottky diode 88 of p-n or low pressure drop that are constructed to prevent reverse voltage.Alternatively or extraly, power-supply filter 54 can comprise the one or more EMI transient filters that are constructed to suppress electromagnetic interference.In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the EMI transient filter of power-supply filter 54 comprises one or more capacitors, and such as non-polarized capacitor 86 and electrolytic capacitor 90, and at least one transient voltage suppresses (TVS) diode 92.Particularly, in the embodiment shown, power-supply filter 54 comprises a non-polarized capacitor 86, two electrolytic capacitors 90 and TVS diodes 92 that are arranged in parallel.Therefore power-supply filter 54 can filter the output voltage 98 of power supply 42 supplies and himself supply with protected voltage 100 to bias voltage adjustment device 56.
Power-supply filter 54 is electrically connected to bias voltage adjustment device 56.Thereby protected voltage 100 can be fed into bias voltage adjustment device 56.Bias voltage adjustment device 56 is constructed to regulate protected voltage 100 and supplies with through regulation voltage 102 to whole control circuit 50.As mentioned above, bias voltage adjustment device 56 can apply the upper limit on protected voltage 100, thereby distributes suitable voltage (that is, through regulation voltage 102) by control circuit 50.By doing like this, bias voltage adjustment device 56 is supplied with substantially stable voltage (that is, through regulation voltage 102) to the loop that comprises control circuit 50.
Continuation is referring to Fig. 2 and 3, and control circuit 50 also comprises the position transducer loop 68 that is electrically connected to bias voltage adjustment device 56.Therefore, through regulation voltage 102, can be passed to position transducer loop 68.Position transducer loop 68 comprises position transducer 41(Figure 1A) and position transducer loop be constructed to determine the position of active material actuator 36 and provide position signalling 104 to digital control processor 66.Position signalling 104 represents the position of active material actuator 36.Digital control processor 66 can utilize the information that position signalling 104 provides to control active material actuator 36.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, position transducer loop 68 comprises the potentiometer 106 as position transducer 41.Potentiometer 106 can there is high cycle life and be supplied to from bias voltage adjustment device 56 through regulation voltage 102.Potentiometer 106 can be connected to active material actuator 36 and therefore be constructed to determine the position of active material actuator 36.If any other part of movable member 34(or actuating device 30) be connected to hatch door aperture member, potentiometer 106 can determine that hatch door aperture member is whether in enable possition or detent position.Except potentiometer 106, position sensing loop 68 also can comprise that one or more filters are with minimum signal noise.For example, in the embodiment shown, position sensing loop 68 comprises the one or more capacitors such as non-polarized capacitor 86, and capacitor is constructed to as filter with minimum signal noise.At 68 at least two non-polarized capacitors 86 of position sensing loop, can be arranged in parallel to realize the noise suppression in wide frequency range.Except non-polarized capacitor 86, position sensing loop 68 also can comprise at least one buffer amplifier, such as amplifier buffer amplifier 108, to minimize position signal impedance.As mentioned above, position sensing loop 68 and digital control processor 66 electric connections.Thereby position signalling 104 can be passed to digital control processor 66.
Continuation is referring to Fig. 2 and 3, and control circuit 50 also comprises that being constructed to measurement approaches the ambient temperature of active material actuator 36 and the temperature sensing loop 70 that produces the temperature signal 110 that represents this ambient temperature.Temperature sensing loop 70 is electrically connected to bias voltage adjustment device 56 and can therefore from bias voltage adjustment device 56, receives through regulation voltage 102.In addition, temperature sensing loop 70 is also electrically connected to digital control processor 66 and can therefore transmits temperature signal 110 to digital control processor 66.Digital control processor 66 can the information based on comprising in temperature signal 110 be controlled active material actuator 36.
As shown in Figure 3, temperature sensing loop 70 can comprise such as temperature sensor negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor 112, that be constructed to respond to the ambient temperature that approaches active material actuator 36.Temperature sensor is alternately positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor.Temperature sensor (for example, thermistor 112) can be set near the first actuator end 35, the second actuator end 37 or both, to respond to the ambient temperature of contiguous active material actuator 36 and the abnormal temperature that any actuator end owing to shortening causes.Temperature sensing loop 70 can comprise that at least one resistor 84 to improve thermometric accuracy in predetermined temperature range extraly.Resistor 84 is arranged in the mode of connecting with thermistor 112, and is selected its resistance value to provide accurately temperature survey in the temperature range predetermined (for example,, between-40 degrees Celsius and 125 degrees Celsius).In addition, temperature sensing loop 70 can comprise one or more capacitors such as non-polarized capacitor 86, and capacitor is constructed to filter with minimum signal noise.In addition, temperature sensing loop 70 can comprise at least one buffer amplifier, such as amplifier buffer amplifier 108, to minimize temperature signal impedance.
Continuation is referring to Fig. 2 and 3, and control circuit 50 comprises the voltage sensor loop 62 that is electrically connected to power-supply filter 54 and signal processing unit 60 extraly.Voltage sensor loop 62 can be therefore receives the signal 100 of protection and from signal processing unit 60 reception control signal 114(, filtered activation signal from power-supply filter 54).Voltage sensor loop 62 is constructed to monitor the voltage potential in power-supply filter 54 and signal processing unit 60 and produces voltage signal 120.Voltage sensor loop 62 is electrically connected to digital control processor 66 and voltage signal 120 can be passed to digital control processor 66.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, voltage sensor loop 62 comprises voltage divider 136, and voltage divider 136 is formed by least two resistors 84 with arranged in series.Extraly, voltage sensor loop 62 comprises at least one capacitor, such as non-polarized capacitor 86, and one or more Zener diode 82, to limit transient voltage peak value.In addition, voltage sensor loop 62 comprises such as the electronic switch 138 of p-type channel mosfet 116 and relevant gate circuit element, thereby they are jointly constructed to cut off when activation signal 78 is not activated the parasite current that the restriction of voltage sensor loop is drawn from power supply 42.In other words, electronic switch 138 is constructed to when control circuit 50 does not receive activation signal 78 optionally from power supply 42 off voltage sensing loops 62.Gate circuit element comprises resistor 84, diode 88, Zener diode 82 and NPN transistor 118.Control circuit 50 also can draw with restriction 56 power-off of bias voltage adjustment device when it does not receive activation signal 78 parasite current from power supply 42.
Refer again to Fig. 2 and 3, control circuit 50 also comprises power switch loop 76, and power switch loop 76 is constructed to optionally to forbid being electrically connected between active material actuator 36 and power supply 42.Power switch loop 76 is also constructed to optionally to set up being electrically connected between active material actuator and power supply 42, and is connected electrically between active material actuator 36 and power supply 42.For example, power switch loop 76 can be electrically connected to power-supply filter 54, and can be constructed to thus receive the protection voltage 100 from power-supply filter 54.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, power switch loop 76 comprises low on-resistance solid-state switch 140, and such as downside MOSFET116, this conducting resistance solid-state switch 140 is constructed to optionally control the electric current supply to active material actuator 36.In addition, power switch loop 76 can comprise the fly-wheel diode such as diode 88, described fly-wheel diode be constructed to when MOSFET116 disconnects by be provided for dissipating load-sensing can path to prevent due to voltage spikes.In addition, power switch loop 76 comprises switching speed limiting part, such as resistor 84 and capacitor 86, to minimize the electromagnetic interference producing in power switch loop 76.
Power switch loop 76 is electrically connected to digital control processor 66 and can receives thus pulse width modulation (PMW) signal from digital control processor 66, as described below.The MOSFET116 in power switch loop 76 can as power switch and can forbid or power-on 42 and active material actuator 36 between be electrically connected to.One side of active material actuator 36 is electrically connected to the first terminal 122 in power switch loop 76, and the opposite side of active material actuator 36 is electrically connected to second terminal 124 in power switch loop 76.The first terminal 122 is electrically connected to power-supply filter 54 or is directly connected to power supply 42.The low on-resistance solid-state switch 140(that the second terminal 124 is electrically connected to power switch loop 76 for example, MOSFET116).Particularly, the second terminal 124 is electrically connected to the drain terminal 142 of the MOSFET116 in power switch loop 76.In power switch loop 76, the source terminal 144(of MOSFET116 or any other applicable switch return to terminal) be electrically connected to the earth terminal 146 of power supply 42.In power switch loop 76, the gate terminal 148 of MOSFET116 is electrically connected to digital control processor 66 to receive the pwm signal 132 from digital control processor 66.Thereby the pwm signal 132 that digital control processor 66 produces is depended in the operation of the MOSFET116 in power switch loop 76.
At this, referring to Fig. 2 and 3, control circuit 50 also comprises the current sense loop 74 that is electrically connected to power switch loop 76.Current sense loop 74 comprises shunt circuit (shunt) 126 and is constructed to measure the electric current through active material actuator 36.Can on shunt circuit 126, measure electric current, to produce the signal 128 representing through the electric current of active material actuator 36.Because the resistance of shunt circuit 126 is known, so electric current can be determined through the pressure drop of shunt circuit 126 by measuring.Current sense loop 74 also can comprise one or more diodes, and such as one or more Zener diodes 82, and one or more resistor 84 is with restriction transient voltage spike.
Referring to Fig. 4, in another embodiment, current sense loop 74A determines the electric current through the MOSFET116 in power switch loop 76.In fact, the voltage that can respond to MOSFET116 during PMW signal 132 is activated is to determine electric current.Particularly, current sense loop 74A comprises that non-polarized capacitor 86, resistor 84 and diode 88 are with the voltage of the MOSFET116 in induction power switch loop 76.In the embodiment shown, PMW signal 132 also can be called as MOSFET control signal.
Refer again to Fig. 2 and 3, control circuit 50 comprise be electrically connected to current sense loop 74(or 74A) digital control processor 66, power switch loop 76, bias voltage adjustment device 56, voltage sensor loop 62, temperature sensing loop 70 and position sensing loop 68.Thereby digital control processor 66 can receive several inputs, i.e. regulation voltage 102, voltage signal 120, current signal 128, position signalling 104 and temperature signal 110.
Digital control processor 66 can be that microprocessor, digital signal processor, field programmable gate array (FPGA), Programmable Logic Device (PLD) maybe can be carried out any applicable processor that is stored in the computer-readable instruction on computer scale storage medium.In an embodiment, digital control processor 66 comprises that plate (for example carries clock, programmable storage, for storing the EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) (EPROM) of computer program instructions), data storage (for example, random-access memory (ram)), timer, for generation of the pwm signal maker of pwm signal with for accepting analog signal and these signals being converted to the multichannel analog digital quantizer (A/D converter) of digital signal.Operating room, once it is substantially stable that control circuit 50 receives after the time delay that reset signal that activation signal 78 and bias voltage adjustment device 56 produce at the reset loop parts by being connected electrically between digital control processor 66 and bias voltage adjustment device 56 arranges, digital control processor 66 activates.Can be as seen from Figure 3, reset loop parts can comprise one or more resistors 84, non-polarized capacitor 86 and diode 88.Digital control processor 66 can utilize the signal (for example, position signalling 104, current signal 128, voltage signal 120 and temperature signal 110) of induction and predetermined control parameter to produce the pwm signal 132 of the operating condition that is applicable to active material actuator 36.In other words, digital control processor 66 can utilize the signal of induction and predetermined output parameter execution to be programmed into the computer instruction (for example, sequential logic) in its memory, to produce pwm signal 132.These induced signals can be analog signals, and can be passed to the A/D converter of digital control processor 66.The A/D converter of digital control processor 66 can convert the analog signal of these inductions to digital form.Should imagine, in nonrestrictive embodiment, the A/D converter of digital control processor 66 can have the resolution of minimum 10 bytes to realize the powerful control of active material actuator 36.
In addition, digital control processor 66 can receive the data 150 that comprise the computer program instructions (that is, control program) from remote computer via director demon port 64.Therefore, system controller 38 comprises the director demon port 64 that is electrically connected to digital control processor 66.Before assembling, such as the data 150 of computer program instructions, can be passed to digital control processor 66 via director demon port 64.In other words, the initial program of digital control processor 66 can be realized by data 150 are delivered to digital control processor 66 by director demon port 64 from outer computer.Thereby, be stored in data 150(on outer computer, control program) can before being fitted in actuating device 30, system controller 38 be downloaded in the memory of digital control processor 66.In addition, data 150 can be delivered to remote computer from digital control processor 66 via the director demon port 64 for diagnostic purpose.During operation, digital control processor 66 utilizes control program to detect the normal or abnormal situation of control circuit 50 or active material actuator 36, and thereby regulates or end pwm signal 132.These normal or abnormal situations comprise: whether overcurrent, overvoltage, the under voltage of power supply 42, active material actuator 36 by active material actuator 36 can not move active material actuator 36 of (that is situation about, blocking), the active material actuator 36 shortening, breakage etc.If actuating device 30 is connected to aperture member, whether whether digital control processor 66 can utilize control program detection hole to be plugged in " situation about blocking " based on active material actuator 36.In addition, digital control processor 66 can utilize the abnormal running of control program detecting sensor or active material actuator 36 and diagnostic feedback is provided.
Fig. 5 shows the flow chart of the method 200 of the actuating of controlling active material actuator 36.Method 200 can be used in the duty ratio of controlling the pwm signal 132 that is delivered to active material actuator 36, thereby controls the behavior of active material actuator 36.For example, digital control processor 66 can be for example, based on manners of execution 200 such as a plurality of induced signals (, position signalling 104, current signal 128, voltage signal 120 and temperature signal 110) to control the operation of active material actuator 36.
Continuation is referring to Fig. 5, and method 200 is from square frame 202.Then,, at square frame 204, system controller 38 is (" sleep patterns ") that are not activated, and electric current is not fed into active material actuator 36.At square frame 206, whether the peripheral control unit 58 that digital control processor 66 detects such as vehicle body controller sends activation signal 78 to control circuit 50.In other words, at square frame 206, control circuit 50 determines whether control circuit 50 has received activation signal 78.If activation signal 78 do not detected, method 200 turns back to square 204 and system controller 38 keeps not being activated.If activation signal 78 detected, at square frame 206, digital control processor 66 determines whether activation signal 78 is detected for the first time at square frame 208 alternatively.If this is control circuit 50, receive for the first time activation signal 78, digital control processor 66 can be carried out time delay (for example, about 2.5 seconds) to allow control circuit 50 to make square frame 210 stable.After time delay, square frame 212 initialization for causing.The initialization of system controller 38 makes to need the energising of all loops, the initialization microprocessor records device of control circuit 50 and the initial position that monitors and record active material actuator 36.The initial position of active material actuator 36 can be determined by position sensing loop 68.Thereby, method 200 comprises if control circuit 50 has received the activation signal 78 from peripheral control unit 58, be that the loop of control circuit 50 switches on to set up being electrically connected between active material actuator 36 and power supply 42, activate thus active material actuator 36.
After initialization, system controller 38 monitors and records the position of active material actuator 36, the close ambient temperature of active material actuator 36, the voltage of power supply 42 at square frame 214, and the electric current that passes active material actuator 36.Especially, at square frame 214, several sensing loops send the signal of induction to digital control processor 66, and digital control processor 66 reads and store these induced signals.Particularly, position sensing loop 68 sends position signalling 104 to digital control processor 66.Voltage sensor loop 62 sends voltage signal 120 to digital control processor 66.Current sense loop 74 sends current signal 128 to digital control processor 66.Temperature sensing loop 70 sends temperature signal 110 to digital control processor 66.
Turn back to square frame 208, if digital control processor 66 determines that this is not to receive for the first time activation signal 78, executive system time delay step is not (, square frame 208) and system initialization step (, square frame 212), and digital control processor 66 as above square frame 214 continue to read and record temperature, position, electric current and the information of voltage from sensing loop with describing.
After that, at square frame 216, digital control processor 66 determines that the value of temperature, electric current, position and voltages of induction is whether in the restriction of regulation.If at least one is not in the restriction of regulation in the value of these inductions, digital control processor 66 is carried out " run-time error operation " at square frame 218." run-time error operation " may make needs, and for example, the electric power of cutting system controller 38 is also waited until several seconds, and then turns back to square frame 206.For example, if ambient temperature higher than certain predetermined temperature threshold values, digital control processor 66 can order power switch loop 76 to cut off the electric power of active material actuator 36, thereby prevents that active material actuator 36 from activateding.Alternatively, " run-time error operation " can make the electric power of system controller 38 need to be reduced to certain level.
If digital control processor 66 determines that the value of voltage, temperature, position and electric current is in the restriction of regulation, digital control processor 66 determines at square frame 220 whether system controller 38 for example, operates in official hour (, about 4 seconds).If system controller 38 operations have surpassed official hour, the electric power that cuts off active material actuator 36 at square frame 222, and then method 200 turns back to square frame 206.On the contrary, if digital control processor 66 determines that system controller 38 operates in official hour, the position signalling 104 that digital control processor 66 produces at square frame 224 position-based sensing loops 68 determines whether active material actuator 36 can not move (that is the situation of, blocking or stopping up).
If situation about stopping up detected, digital control processor 66 produces pwm signal 132 at square frame 226 with the first duty ratio.The first duty ratio of pwm signal 132 can allow active material actuator 36 within the most of the time, to keep static, active material actuator 36 energisings simultaneously.If stopping state do not detected, digital control processor 66 produces pwm signal 132 to be different from the second duty ratio of the first duty ratio.Digital control processor 66 is determined the first and second duty ratios of pwm signal 132 based on the induced signal relevant to voltage, position, electric current, temperature or their combination at square frame 228.
Subsequently, digital control processor 66 is delivered to power switch loop 76 at square frame 230 by the pwm signal 132 with determined output duty cycle (i.e. the first or second duty ratio).By controlling the PWM duty ratio through active material actuator 36, the root mean square of active material actuator 36 (RMS) electric current can be controlled.
The description that these are detailed and diagram or figure are supportive and descriptive for the present invention, and scope of the present invention is only defined by the claims.Although described in detail for realizing optimal mode of the present invention, various equivalent modifications of the present invention will be recognized for implementing within the scope of the appended claims multiple alternative relating to and embodiment of the present invention.
The cross reference of related application
The application requires the priority in No. 61/811,890, the U.S. Provisional Application of on April 15th, 2013 application, and this application integral body is incorporated herein by reference.
Claims (10)
1. for controlling a system for active material actuator, it comprises:
Power supply, it is constructed to supply with electric power;
Control circuit, it comprises a plurality of loops, and is constructed to the reception based on activation signal and optionally sets up being electrically connected between described active material actuator and described power supply, described active material actuator is constructed to activate when energising; And
Wherein, described control circuit is constructed to when described control circuit does not receive activation signal at least one power-off in a plurality of loops, thereby minimizes the parasite current drawing from power supply.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said a plurality of loops comprise the voltage sensor loop of the voltage potential that is constructed to measure the electric power that power supply supplies with, described voltage sensor loop is constructed to power-off when control circuit does not receive activation signal.
3. system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said voltage sensor loop comprises low conducting resistance solid-state switch, and described low conducting resistance solid-state switch is constructed to optionally voltage sensor loop and power supply be disconnected when control circuit does not receive activation signal.
4. system as claimed in claim 3, wherein said a plurality of loops comprise the power-supply filter that is electrically connected to described power supply, described power-supply filter is constructed to filter the output voltage that described power supply is supplied with.
5. system as claimed in claim 4, wherein said power-supply filter comprises at least one diode that is constructed to prevent reverse voltage.
6. system as claimed in claim 4, wherein said a plurality of loops comprise the bias voltage adjustment device that is electrically connected to described power-supply filter, described bias voltage adjustment device is constructed the output voltage that regulates described power supply to supply with.
7. system as claimed in claim 6, wherein said bias voltage adjustment device is constructed to power-off when control circuit does not receive activation signal.
8. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said a plurality of loops comprise power switch loop, described power switch loop is constructed to optionally to set up being electrically connected between described active material actuator and power supply when control circuit receives activation signal.
9. system as claimed in claim 8, wherein said power switch loop comprises that low conducting resistance solid-state switch is to control the electric current through active material actuator.
10. system as claimed in claim 8, wherein said a plurality of loop comprises the digital control processor that is constructed to produce the pulse width modulating signal with duty ratio, and described digital control processor is constructed to be electrically connected to power switch loop and makes described digital control processor be constructed to pulse width modulating signal to be delivered to power switch loop.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201361811890P | 2013-04-15 | 2013-04-15 | |
| US61/811,890 | 2013-04-15 | ||
| US14/226,875 | 2014-03-27 | ||
| US14/226,875 US9732736B2 (en) | 2013-04-15 | 2014-03-27 | System and method for controlling an active material actuator |
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| CN104104264A true CN104104264A (en) | 2014-10-15 |
| CN104104264B CN104104264B (en) | 2018-02-09 |
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| CN110214381A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-09-06 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Actuator device based on electroactive material |
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| DE102015220545A1 (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-04-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Actuator device for a motor vehicle, motor vehicle |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104104264B (en) | 2018-02-09 |
| DE102014104959B4 (en) | 2021-05-12 |
| DE102014104959A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
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