CN104088638B - Large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell large-mining-height working surface coal wall caving and roof fall control technology - Google Patents
Large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell large-mining-height working surface coal wall caving and roof fall control technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell large-mining-height working surface coal wall caving and roof fall control technology, working resistance of support control technology and the leading pre-reinforcement technique guarantee of rib working face wall stability are taked in seam mining scene; Take top board coupling explosion roof technique to solve working face mining under tight roof condition; Take littlely to face upward pseudo-rake angle Working surface layout method and ensure that pseudo-oblique angle is in control range, take full-time dynamic duty face ore deposit to press monitoring technology to grasp face roof and press rule, ensure exactly different phase coal wall caving possibility to be forecast. Usefulness of the present invention has been effectively to improve wall caving and the roof fall frequency in high inclination-angle colliery.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seam mining technical field, relate to large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell large-mining-height workingFace coal wall caving and roof fall control technology.
Background technology
Large-inclination-angle coal bedly refer to that burying inclination angle is the coal seam of 35 °-55 °, equal in the each large mining area of ChinaHave to compose and deposit. Research shows with practice, large-inclination-angle coal bed realize mechanical mining since, coal seam is thickDegree reaches the more than 3.5m large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell longwall top coal caving that all adopts, production efficiency is low,The problems such as complex process are failed to improve always and are solved. Coking Coal Group subordinate mining area, Xinjiang is largePortion's tax has large-inclination-angle coal bed, since self-built ore deposit, has been engaged in large-inclination-angle coal bed mechanical mining alwaysPractice and tackling key problem, existing 2130 mine working face 5# coal seams are coking coal, are the rare coals of China,Coal seam thickness 3.58-9.77m, average thickness 5.77m, belongs to super high seam, if adopt former nowMove towards longwell longwall top coal caving, certainly will cause that top-coal recovery rate is low, such scarce resource waste is seriousEtc. problem. As everyone knows, under the condition of general inclination angle, coal wall caving is large-mining-height working surface exploitationTechnical barrier, wall caving has increased the probability of roof fall, serious threat safety and impact are produced. AndThe large mining height mining conditions of high inclination-angle is more complicated, and coal wall caving influence factor is numerous, safe workingDifficulty is larger, in conjunction with field trial working face reality, studies under multifactor condition large-inclination-angle coal bedLarge-mining-height working surface coal wall caving mechanism, optimizes production technique parameter, can be and prevents working face coalThe control of wall wall caving provides theory and technical support, and then realizes high inclination-angle large-mining-height working surface safetyProduce.
In the large mining height recovery process of large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell, working face wall wall caving has following spyPoint: (1) frequency is high: wall caving phenomenon is frequent, almost per tour exploitation all has wall caving in various degreeOccur. (2) scope is large: wall caving scope is large, generally can have influence on 1/3 of face length.(3) subregion: wall caving mainly occurs in the central region of face length direction, top timeIt is finally lower area. First there is wall caving in general rib top coal body, easily forms stepShape rib. Meanwhile, except thering is the feature identical with coal seam, general inclination angle wall caving, large-inclination-angle coal bedLarge-mining-height working surface also has following new feature:
(1) spreading property: wall caving has the feature of direction working face top expansion from working face,Occur among a small circle after wall caving, can continue to the top coal body diffusion of tilting.
(2) slide and emit feature: rib coal body emits backwardness among a small circle, above its falling space tiltsCoal body there are rib outside and two scope of freedoms of below falling space, have both direction inWithout restrained condition, now, the dividing under roof pressure, gravity edge are tilted at this scope coal bodyUnder power effect, there is slippage among a small circle, sheet emits, subsequently gradually expansion, form from this scope upwardsThe cunning that portion extends is gradually emitted phenomenon.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell large-mining-height working surface coal wall caving and roof fall controlTechnology, has solved wall caving in mining steeply dipping coal seam process and the problem of roof fall.
The technical solution used in the present invention is that working resistance of support control is taked at seam mining sceneThe leading pre-reinforcement technique guarantee of technology and rib working face wall stability; Take top board coupling quick-friedBroken roof technique solves working face mining under tight roof condition; Take the little pseudo-rake angle work of facing upwardFace method for arranging ensures that pseudo-oblique angle is in control range, takes full-time dynamic duty face ore deposit to press prisonSurvey technology is grasped face roof and is pressed rule, and ensureing exactly can to different phase coal wall cavingCan property forecast.
Technical characterstic of the present invention is also: working resistance of support control technology is: improve supportActual setting load and working resistance, improve the liquid supply pressure of pumping plant, adopt setting load maintaining valveImprove setting load, make setting load reach 80% of working resistance of support, i.e. 5200kN; In timeSliding advance of support, makes set cap withstand rib; Move after frame in unit coal cutting, open immediately wall supportingPlate wall supporting, before unit coal cutting, packs up face guard in coal-winning machine 1-2 frame in advance again, makes workThe face rib of work is expanding under side board support all the time; Transformation support flexible top girder construction, by flexible back timberTogether with rigidly fixing with rigid bar, reduce the command range of back timber to rib, prevent flexibilityBack timber bowing phenomena occurs; Utilize the effect of pushing and sliding bar side tune, ensure the control that support glides to scraper-trough conveyerSystem, to reduce the pseudo-rake angle of bowing. Top board coupling explosion roof technique comprise tunnel trend cut top andWorking face tendency is cut top scheme:
(1) two lane trend is cut top scheme:
Stope drift active workings cut apical pore arrange: return airway and transport lane within the scope of rib 50-100mArrange that leading single row of holes cuts top, wherein, return airway arranges perpendicular to top board, and adopt in transport big gun hole, laneWith with 20 ° of layouts of vertical direction angle, spacing of wells 300mm, bore diameter >=38mm,Boring length 10-15m, blast hole powder charge adopts spaced loading;
(2) working face tendency is cut top scheme:
Position in working face front every 100m, respectively return airway and transport lane to top boardDriving entry, and arrange the parallel top board of a row at entry to working face direction top boardCut off hole, hole depth 45m, pitch of holes 300mm, bore diameter >=45mm, adopts interval dressMedicine. The leading pre-reinforcement technology of rib comprises that the face of adopting moves towards hole Scheme of Strengthening and adopt the boring of face tendency to addGu scheme:
(1) adopt face and move towards hole Scheme of Strengthening:
Electricity consumption coal borer is in the double dislocation injected hole in coal face rib cloth hole, hole depth 8-10m, aperture42mm, pitch of holes 3.5m, grouting pressure 2.4MPa; Move towards hole reinforcement process: stop production andSecurity protection, rib punching, injected hole total length PVC intubate, sealing of hole, band pressure grouting >=8Hour pressurize is solidified, and safety check and reproducing is often moved towards to advance 6m to carry out 1 time to reinforce;
(2) adopt face tendency boring Scheme of Strengthening:
Arrange single injected hole and utilization with rig along coal seam tendency at the machine of coal face, air wayExisting mash gas pumping drilling, leading rib 3-8m adopts single hole slip casting reinforcing mode with pressure,Ask upper and lower boring all apart from roof 2-1.5m, pitch of holes 4.0m, the length in hole covers workDo the wall caving district that rib is easily caving, aperture sealed borehole length is greater than 8m, boring aperture >=75mm,The degree of depth of the lower pvc pipe of boring is: uphole is not less than hole depth 50%, the hole of bowing is not less than hole depth 80%,Sealing of hole pressure >=4.0MPa; Tendency boring reinforcement process: security protection, coal seam tendency punching orUtilize existing gas extraction hole, injected hole PVC intubate, sealing of hole, band pressure grouting >=8 are littleTime pressurize solidify, working face tendency single hole is reinforced minimum safe coal column >=3m. Littlely face upward pseudo-oblique angleDegree Working surface layout method is faced upward pseudo-rake angle for reducing working face, and it is tiltedly pseudo-strictly to control working faceAngle is less than 3 °. Full-time dynamic duty face ore deposit presses monitoring technology for arranging intelligent mine pressure monitor,Face Pressure is carried out to comprehensive continuous dynamic monitoring, working face periodic weighting has been carried out to realityTime tracking observation statistics, comprise pressing step pitch, carry out Compressive Strength, continue the parameters such as cycle, graspPress rule, ensure exactly different phase coal wall caving possibility to be forecast.
Usefulness of the present invention has been effectively to improve wall caving and the roof fall in high inclination-angle colliery and has sent outRaw number of times.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention's large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell large-mining-height working surface coal wall caving and roof fall controlTop schematic diagram is cut in technology processed two lanes;
Fig. 2 is working face open-off cut of the present invention top scheme schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is old top, goaf of the present invention crushing test scheme schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that the present invention adopts face and moves towards hole reinforcement experiment scheme schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention adopts face tendency boring reinforcement experiment scheme schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
Large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell large-mining-height working surface coal wall caving and roof fall control technology are by rightLarge-inclination-angle coal bed large-mining-height working surface coal wall caving, roof fall are analysed in depth, and scene need be takedFollowing technical measures: the measure of working resistance of support control technology, scientific and reasonable timbererDo resistance and and strict support manipulation technology be the key that ensures working face wall stability:
(1) improve actual setting load and the working resistance of support, improve as far as possible pumping plant for hydraulic pressurePower, adopts setting load maintaining valve to improve actual setting load. Generally, setting load should reach80% of working resistance of support, i.e. 5200kN.
(2) timely sliding advance of support, makes set cap withstand rib, adjusts in time the support of working faceWhat downslide caused skews, falls into the end, squeezes the phenomenons such as frame.
(3) the impaired parts investigation of reinforced support, changes in time and damages column, slop line and closeSealing rubber ring, fail safe valve etc., ensure that support moves under normal resistance state.
(4) utilization rate of raising face guard, moves after frame in unit coal cutting, opens immediately face guard and protectsSide, before unit coal cutting, packs up face guard in coal-winning machine 1-2 frame in advance again, makes working faceRib is expanding under side board support all the time.
(5) transformation support flexible top girder construction, is rigidly fixed in one by flexible back timber and rigid barRise, reduce the command range of back timber to rib, prevent that flexible back timber bowing phenomena from occurring.
(6) make full use of the effect of pushing and sliding bar side tune, ensure the control that support glides to scraper-trough conveyer, to subtractThe little pseudo-rake angle of bowing.
(7) strengthen training and the management that workman's support operates, the each manipulation details of strict implement support,Forbid to violate operational sequence manipulation support (as: face guard inserts rib etc.), ensure each workOrder high-quality completes.
Top board coupling explosion roof technique is optimized:
It is the key technology that solves working face mining under tight roof condition that the pre-explosion of top board weakensProblem, suits measures to local conditions that big gun hole arrangement parameter is carried out to dynamic optimization and just can ensure good cavingEffect, also can prevent the too high coal wall caving causing of working face subregion resistance effectively.Observation face roof layering promptly and accurately, varied in thickness, crack distribute, change of pitch angle feelingsCondition, adjusts layout angle, the powder charge in return airway, transport circulation caving big gun hole, lane targetedlyThe parameters such as amount and powder charge segments, ensure that between different big guns hole, coupling effect reaches optimum. Meanwhile,According to on-site actual situations, on original caving scheme basis, increase tunnel trend and cut top and workMake face tendency and cut top scheme:
(1) two lane trend is cut top scheme
Stope drift active workings are cut apical pore and are arranged: bad for face roof reduction effect, and increase and cut topMethod weakens top board, in return airway and transport lane apart from cloth within the scope of rib 50-100mPut leading single row of holes and cut top, wherein: return airway is arranged perpendicular to top board, the employing of transport big gun hole, laneWith 20 ° of layouts of vertical direction angle, spacing of wells 300mm, bore diameter >=38mm, boresHole length 10-15m, blast hole powder charge adopts spaced loading, as shown in Figure 1.
(2) working face tendency is cut top scheme
Position in working face front every 100m, respectively return airway and transport lane to top boardDriving entry, and arrange the parallel top board of a row at entry to working face direction top boardCut off hole, hole depth 45m left and right, pitch of holes 300mm, bore diameter >=45mm, between employingEvery powder charge, as shown in Figure 2.
(3) old top, goaf crushing test scheme
In order to check the old bursting of above goaf whether to go bad, push up apart from rib 10-15m at return airwayPlate place, arranges the hole of bowing to goaf, length 40m, ensures that sealed borehole length exceedes after supportSide, sealed borehole length >=20m, bore diameter >=75mm, as shown in Figure 3.
The leading pre-reinforcement technology of rib:
Coal body developmental joint fissure, thereby rib is reinforced is to ensure the having of rib stabilityEffect means, adopt cheap, practical reinforcement means and material, super in the upper and lower termination of working faceFront boring or make full use of the gas extraction hole of scrapping rib is reinforced in advance, neither impactWorking face normally advances, and has played again the effect of controlling rib. When working face, to run into tomography etc. differentWhen normal band or coal body are very broken, can adopt the method for grouting and reinforcing directly rib to be reinforced, to carryThe intensity of high rib, prevents wall caving, roof fall.
(1) adopt face and move towards hole reinforcement experiment scheme:
Electricity consumption coal borer is in the double dislocation injected hole in coal face rib cloth hole, hole depth 8-10m, apertureΦ 42mm, pitch of holes 3.5m (can regulate according to actual conditions), grouting pressure 2.4MPa,Pattern as shown in Figure 4. Move towards reinforcement process: stop production and security protection---rib punching---injected hole total length PVC intubate---sealing of hole---band pressure grouting---pressurize in >=8 hoursSolidify---safety check and reproducing, often move towards to advance 6m to carry out 1 time to reinforce safety prevention measureSeparately fixed by ore deposit.
(2) adopt face tendency boring reinforcement experiment scheme:
Arrange single injected hole and utilization with rig along coal seam tendency at the machine of coal face, air wayExisting mash gas pumping drilling, leading rib 3-8m adopts single hole slip casting reinforcing mode with pressure,Ask upper and lower boring all apart from roof 2-1.5m, pitch of holes 4.0m, the length in hole covers workDo the wall caving district that rib is easily caving, aperture sealed borehole length is greater than 8m, boring aperture Φ >=75mm,The degree of depth of the lower pvc pipe of boring is: uphole is not less than hole depth 50%, the hole of bowing is not less than hole depth 80%,Sealing of hole pressure >=4.0MPa, pattern is as shown in Figure 5; Tendency reinforcement process: security protection---coal seam tendency punching (or utilizing existing gas extraction hole)---injected hole PVC inserts------safety check, working face inclines band pressure grouting---pressurize in >=8 hours is solidified---sealing of hole pipeReinforce minimum safe coal column >=3m to single hole, safety prevention measure is separately fixed by ore deposit.
Littlely face upward pseudo-rake angle working face and arrange:
(1) reduce working face and face upward pseudo-rake angle, and strictly control the pseudo-rake angle of working face and be less than 3 °,Reduce the face of adopting and face upward the pseudo-possibility that causes coal wall caving of tiltedly arranging.
(2) arrange that special messenger carries out real-time tracking observation to the pseudo-rake angle of working face, ensures pseudo-oblique angle placeIn control range.
Monitoring technology is pressed in full-time dynamic duty face ore deposit:
(1) arrange in time intelligent mine pressure monitor, Face Pressure has been carried out comprehensive moving continuouslyState monitoring, binding isotherm calculates, and prediction face roof carrys out the pressure time, and at working faceDuring pressing, adopt an effective measure and reduce wall caving degree, as reinforced support support force, guarantee supportStability and strengthening management etc.
(2) specify special messenger to carry out real-time tracking observation statistics to working face periodic weighting, comprise pressingStep pitch, carry out Compressive Strength, continue the parameter such as cycle, press rule to grasp, ensure exactlyDifferent phase coal wall caving possibility is forecast.
Other control measure:
Can prevent that divided by the measure of above enumerating wall caving from occurring, under the premise that security is guaranteed, alsoCan adopt suitable raising face propulsion speed (being greater than 3m/d), reduce working face mining height in good time(3.5m left and right) reduces the probability of wall caving roof fall.
Implementation result:
Year November in June, 2013 to 2013, the large-inclination-angle coal bed large mining and high comprehensive mining coal according to the present inventionWall wall caving control technology, has carried out wall caving and has administered field trial, and effect shows:
(1) effectively solved the core technology of high inclination-angle large-mining-height working surface safe working, workRegion, face middle and upper part coal wall caving obviously improves, and the frequency obviously reduces, maximum 2-3 the sheets of per tour, there is not larger wall caving in side, has ensured that working face normally advances;
(2) gas exceeding limit being caused by wall caving is one of Derived Hazard of coal wall caving, Comprehensive ControlTechnology has been controlled the gas exceeding limit causing because of coal wall caving after implementing effectively, has reduced workFace gas exceeding limit number of times;
(3) coal wall caving jointly controls measure and has reduced the rehabilitation cost after coal wall caving roof fall simultaneously,Improve workman's operating environment, also ensured the safety of working face.
(4) coal wall caving jointly control technology effectively ensured force piece and and other equipmentsGood ruuning situation, has reduced the pseudo-dip angle of working face, has improved the pre-explosion of top board and has weakenedEffect, complete working face mine pressure monitoring means, make working face in benign recurrent state.
Claims (5)
1. large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell large-mining-height working surface coal wall caving and roof fall control method, is characterized in that: seam mining is existingField takes working resistance of support control method and the leading pre-reinforcement method of rib to ensure working face wall stability; Take top boardCoupling explosion caving method solves working face mining under tight roof condition; Take the little pseudo-rake angle Working surface layout method of facing upwardEnsure that pseudo-oblique angle is in control range; Take full-time dynamic duty face ore deposit to press monitoring method to grasp face roof and press ruleRule, ensures exactly different phase coal wall caving possibility to be forecast;
Described working resistance of support control method is: improve actual setting load and the working resistance of support, improve the feed flow of pumping plantPressure, adopts setting load maintaining valve to improve setting load, makes setting load reach 80% of working resistance of support, i.e. 5200kN;Sliding advance of support, makes set cap withstand rib in time; Move after frame in unit coal cutting, open immediately face guard wall supporting, at machineBefore group coal cutting, again face guard is packed up in coal-winning machine 1-2 frame in advance, working face wall is being expanded under side board support all the time;Transformation support flexible top girder construction, together with flexible back timber is rigidly fixed with rigid bar, reduces the control of back timber to ribDistance processed, prevents that flexible back timber bowing phenomena from occurring; Utilize the effect of pushing and sliding bar side tune, ensure the control that support glides to scraper-trough conveyerSystem, to reduce the pseudo-rake angle of bowing.
2. according to large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell large-mining-height working surface coal wall caving claimed in claim 1 and roof fall control method, itsBe characterised in that: described top board coupling explosion caving method comprises that tunnel trend is cut top method and working face tendency is cut top method:
(1) tunnel trend is cut top method: stope drift active workings are cut apical pore and arranged: in return airway and transport lane apart from rib 50-100m modelEnclose the leading single row of holes of interior layout and cut top, wherein, return airway is arranged perpendicular to top board, the employing of transport big gun hole, lane and vertical direction20 ° of layouts of angle, spacing of wells 300mm, bore diameter >=38mm, boring length 10-15m, blast hole powder charge adoptsSpaced loading;
(2) working face tendency is cut top method: the position in working face front every 100m, respectively in return airway and transport lane toTop board driving entry, and arrange that to working face direction top board one arranges the cut-out hole of parallel top board, hole depth at entry45m, pitch of holes 300mm, bore diameter >=45mm, adopts spaced loading.
3. according to large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell large-mining-height working surface coal wall caving claimed in claim 1 and roof fall control method, itsBe characterised in that: the leading pre-reinforcement method of described rib comprises that the face of adopting moves towards hole reinforcement means and adopts face tendency boring reinforcement means:
(1) adopt face and move towards hole reinforcement means: electricity consumption coal borer is at the double dislocation injected hole in coal face rib cloth hole, hole depth 8-10m,Aperture 42mm, pitch of holes 3.5m, grouting pressure 2.4MPa; Move towards hole reinforcement process: stop production and security protection, ribPunching, injected hole total length PVC intubate, sealing of hole, a band pressure grouting >=8 hour pressurize is solidified, safety check and reproducing, every trend pushes awayEnter 6m and carry out 1 reinforcing;
(2) adopt face tendency boring reinforcement means: machine, air way rig at coal face are arranged single injected hole along coal seam tendencyWith the existing mash gas pumping drilling utilizing, leading rib 3-8m adopts single hole slip casting reinforcing mode with pressure, requires upper and lower brillKong Jun is apart from roof 2-1.5m, pitch of holes 4.0m, the wall caving district that the length covering work rib in hole is easily caving, aperture envelopeHole length is greater than 8m, boring aperture >=75mm, and the degree of depth of the lower pvc pipe of boring is: uphole is not less than hole depth 50%, bowsHole is not less than hole depth 80%, sealing of hole pressure >=4.0MPa; Tendency boring reinforcement process: security protection, coal seam tendency punchingOr utilize existing gas extraction hole, and injected hole PVC intubate, sealing of hole, a band pressure grouting >=8 hour pressurize is solidified, working faceTendency single hole is reinforced minimum safe coal column >=3m.
4. according to large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell large-mining-height working surface coal wall caving claimed in claim 1 and roof fall control method, itsBe characterised in that: describedly littlely face upward pseudo-rake angle Working surface layout method and face upward pseudo-rake angle for reducing working face, and strictly control workThe pseudo-rake angle of the face of doing is less than 3 °.
5. according to large-inclination-angle coal bed longwell large-mining-height working surface coal wall caving claimed in claim 1 and roof fall control method, itsBe characterised in that: described full-time dynamic duty face ore deposit presses monitoring method for arranging intelligent mine pressure monitor, and Face Pressure is enteredGone comprehensive continuous dynamic monitoring, working face periodic weighting carried out to real-time tracking observation statistics, comprise pressing step pitch,Carry out Compressive Strength, continue cycle parameter, grasp and press rule, ensure exactly different phase coal wall caving possibility to be carried outForecast.
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| CN105626100B (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2018-03-20 | 程志恒 | A kind of three-soft seam rib inlet well increases coal rock strength method |
| CN106014475A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-10-12 | 安徽理工大学 | High-gas coal bed group dip orientation drilling cluster and gas extracting method |
| CN106837380A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-06-13 | 山西晋城无烟煤矿业集团有限责任公司 | Synchronous deep hole grouting method |
| CN109209367A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-15 | 攀枝花学院 | Fully mechanized mining for high working face coal wall |
| CN110043259B (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-05-26 | 中国矿业大学 | Regional stoping process for composite top working face with large mining depth and high mining height |
| CN110566204B (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-06-01 | 四川川煤华荣能源股份有限公司 | Mining method of large-dip-angle fully-mechanized coal mining face of local thick coal seam |
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