CN104076396A - Variable Q value calculation method based on unsteady state deconvolution - Google Patents

Variable Q value calculation method based on unsteady state deconvolution Download PDF

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CN104076396A
CN104076396A CN201410151541.4A CN201410151541A CN104076396A CN 104076396 A CN104076396 A CN 104076396A CN 201410151541 A CN201410151541 A CN 201410151541A CN 104076396 A CN104076396 A CN 104076396A
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孙学凯
孙赞东
韩剑发
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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Abstract

The invention discloses a variable Q value calculation method based on unsteady state deconvolution. According to the method, energy relation in hyperbolic stripes is fully utilized, counted and analyzed in a logarithm domain, a basic technique idea of Q calculation is established by utilizing linear fitting slope information, adverse effects of seismic wavelet are suppressed constantly with the help of an iteration mechanism, and the longitudinal and transverse stability and practicability of estimation of Q value are improved. According to the method, the Q value is calculated by utilizing an energy statistic relation for the first time, compared with a traditional method, data of a whole time-frequency domain can be utilized fully, information amount is sufficient, estimation results are more reliable, and matching situation with geological background is better. The idea of utilizing iteration linear fitting for suppressing the influences of the seismic wavelet constantly is emphasized, and approximation to precision of the underground Q value is further achieved.

Description

Change Q value computation based on unstable state deconvolution
Technical field
The present invention relates to belong to geophysical survey field, relate in particular to a kind of change Q value computation based on unstable state deconvolution.
Background technology
Unstable state feature is an important research aspect in seismic data process field.Existing most of deconvolution are all based upon on the basis of classical Robinson convolution model, but this convolution model is thought not temporal evolution of seismic wavelet approx, the unstable state feature understanding intrinsic to seismic signal is not enough, therefore this class deconvolution is called again static deconvolution, and its practical value is restricted to a great extent.Be different from static deconvolution technology, Gabor deconvolution is taking unstable state convolution model as basis, emphasis has been considered attenuation by absorption impact, the unstable state feature that removes seismic signal by remove the mode of attenuation by absorption and source wavelet (propagating wavelet) simultaneously, is called again unstable state deconvolution with this Gabor deconvolution.In the past decade, a large amount of scholars and researchist improve many technical elements of Gabor deconvolution, strengthen its stability and reliability, window function when content comprises, and time-frequency spectrum is estimated, phase correction and more rational smoothing method.These technological layers have also been consolidated status and the field of Gabor deconvolution in seismic data process field.
Different from traditional static deconvolution, Gabor deconvolution can solve the unstable state feature being caused by attenuation by absorption.According to the most widely used Q theory, attenuation by absorption shows as in time to be increased with frequency, and amplitude is exponential damping
α(t,f)=e -πtf/Q-iH(πtf/Q) (I)
Wherein,
T, f represents respectively Time And Frequency;
Q represents stratum quality factor;
H is Hilbert conversion.
It is generally acknowledged, attenuation by absorption has minimum phase property, so the imaginary part in above formula provides minimum phase information, H represents Hilbert conversion.In fact, non-stationary seismic trace s (t) is at attenuation by absorption α (t, f) and reflection coefficient r (t) dynamically on the basis of convolution, then with source wavelet carry out the result of static convolution,
s ( t ) = ∫ - ∞ ∞ w ^ ( f ) [ ∫ - ∞ ∞ α ( u , f ) r ( u ) e - 2 πifu du ] e 2 πift df - - - ( 2 )
Be equivalent to
s ( t ) = ∫ ∫ w ^ ( f ) α ( u , f ) r ( u ) e 2 πif [ t - u ] dfdu - - - ( 3 )
By means of Gabor conversion, above-mentioned unstable state convolution model can be decomposed into three amassing, as follows
s ^ g ( t , f ) ≈ w ^ ( f ) α ( t , f ) r ^ g ( t , f ) - - - ( 4 )
Wherein,
with represent the Gabor time-frequency spectrum of seismic trace and reflection coefficient.
The Gabor that the Gabor conversion of formula (4) expression unstable state seismic trace is approximately equal to Fourier transform, attenuation by absorption and the reflection coefficient of source wavelet converts this three products.If only consider magnitude relation, have
s ^ g ( t , f ) w ^ ( f ) ( t , f ) r ^ g ( t , f ) ( 5 )
Wherein, front two ripples of varitron while making to describe become possibility, are collectively referred to as the amplitude spectrum of making to propagate wavelet in brief, formula (5) has been described the unstable state convolution model in Gabor transform domain, has formed the basis of Gabor deconvolution (being unstable state deconvolution).Different from classical inverse convolution, unstable state deconvolution is by analyzing and the energy relationship of balanced each hyperbolic band is realized attenuation by absorption and compensated, and its outstanding feature is not need to estimate that Q has just realized the correction to unstable state feature.In fact, this feature has also limited academia and has utilized the thinking of unstable state deconvolution estimation Q value to a certain extent.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that current unstable state deconvolution research is trapped in raising resolution aspect, and asks calculation aspect never to relate to excavating its profound intension-Q value.In addition, current Q values is asked the information wretched insufficiency of calculation technology to time-frequency domain, causes and asks calculation result can depart from reality.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of change Q value computation based on unstable state deconvolution of the present invention is, in log-domain, make full use of and statistical study hyperbolic band in energy relationship, ask the basic fundamental thinking of calculation by utilizing the slope information of linear fit to set up Q, thereby and strengthen by the adverse effect of the continuous compacting of iteration mechanism seismic wavelet vertical lateral stability and the practicality that Q value is estimated.
The concrete steps of this method are as follows:
Step 1: take the logarithm on the basis of the seismic trace that does not carry out attenuation compensation being carried out to Gabor conversion, enter logarithm time-frequency domain;
Step 2: at logarithm time-frequency domain along time orientation by the true timing window of actual conditions, time window divide hyperbolic band and add up its energy relationship, form die-away curve;
Step 3: the major part that die-away curve is carried out is carried out linear fit, determines the Q value of this analysis window center according to fit slope;
Step 4: successively estimate Q size by seismic trace timesharing window;
Step 5: obtaining on the basis of Q achievement, rejecting wild value, interpolation, level and smooth and carry out histogram adjusting according to Given information, forming Q value and estimate result.
In step 2, in the time of logarithm Time-Frequency Analysis, in window, the die-away curve being formed by each hyperbolic band is realized being caused that by attenuation by absorption the quantification of unstable state feature represents, the comprehensive embodiment of Q value information in window when in fact its linear relationship has embodied.
In step 3, utilize best linear fit mode to realize the estimation to Q value, the method itself is a kind of statistical analysis means, has utilized more Time-Frequency Information, and the Q value estimation result of acquisition is more stable.
Change Q value computation based on unstable state deconvolution of the present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect.
1, realized first and utilized energy statistics relation to ask calculation Q value, compared with classic method, can utilize more fully the data of whole time-frequency domain, quantity of information abundance, estimation result is more reliable, with the identical better off of geologic background.
2, emphasize to utilize the thinking of iteration linear fit constantly to suppress seismic wavelet impact, and then realize the precision of underground Q value is approached.
The ultimate principle of the change Q value computation based on unstable state deconvolution provided by the invention is as follows:
At log-domain, unstable state convolution model is converted to linear equation
L s ^ g ( τ , f ) = - π Q tf + [ L w ^ ( f ) + L r ^ g ( τ , f ) ] - - - ( 6 )
Wherein, with represent the log-transformation of the Gabor time-frequency spectrum of seismic trace, source wavelet and reflection coefficient.
Slope and the quality factor q of this linear equation are closely related, and slope reacts the combined influence of source wavelet and reflection coefficient.At logarithm time-frequency domain, attenuation by absorption isoline still present hyperbolic form, difference is to transfer linear relationship to by exponential relationship between isoline.Similarly, the logarithm time-frequency spectrum of seismic trace carried out to the division of hyperbolic band and calculate each band average to form die-away curve.Say in essence, this die-away curve has been realized being represented by a kind of quantification of attenuation by absorption unstable state feature.Slope characteristics on this die-away curve is directly associated with Q value, according to the first term of formula (6), does not exist in the stratum of attenuation by absorption in perfect elasticity, and this die-away curve should present the straight line of basic horizontal, represents that stratum Q value is infinitely great; Being formed by compacted rock in weak attenuation by absorption stratum, this die-away curve there is less slope characteristics, represent that stratum Q value is relatively high; And at the near Faults being caused by unconsolidated formation or tectonic movement, the slope of this die-away curve is larger, represent that stratum Q value is relatively little.In sum, the slope of die-away curve has direct indicative function to the size of stratum quality factor q in essence, is the important foundation that the present invention solves Q value.
But be subject to the impact of seismic wavelet, and there is relatively large deviation in initial decay slope of a curve and actual value, and the present invention uses the iterative analysis in logarithm time-frequency domain to reduce wavelet impact, the true form of constantly approaching die-away curve for this reason.On the basis that obtains die-away curve, its major part is carried out to linear fit, the process of this linear fit is close to a least square inverting.Mathematical notation is
A'AX=A'b (7)
Wherein,
A represents parameter matrix,
X represents parameter vector to be solved.
For strengthening stability, the adverse effect of the disturbance that can produce in factors such as equation left end increase damping term reduction noises to estimation slope,
(A'A+μΙ)X=A'b (8)
In formula,
μ represents the prewhitening factor,
Ι represents unit matrix (matrix size is 1) herein.
Utilize the slope information X producing to ask calculation to Q value, obtain
Q = - π X - - - ( 9 )
Realize the Q value estimation in analysis window with the method.According to above-mentioned thinking, to seismic section press time-frequency figure along time orientation according to debugging and determining a series of analysis windows, successively add up die-away curve, linear fit, estimation Q value, and to its carry out smoothly, the whole Q value section of processing acquisition such as interpolation and correction.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the change Q value computation based on unstable state deconvolution of the present invention is described in further detail.
The hyperbolic of Fig. 1 (a)-Fig. 1 (b) logarithm time-frequency domain is divided and to slope iterative approach process;
In Fig. 2 (a)-Fig. 2 (e) actual seismic road, utilize time frequency distribution map and the die-away curve form of unstable state Deconvolution Correction front and back;
Fig. 3 (a)-Fig. 3 (b) does not make the actual seismic section of attenuation by absorption compensation and the Q value Profile Correlation that utilizes the present invention to solve;
Western certain work area of Fig. 4 (a)-Fig. 4 (b) China is contrasted by the coherence slice of conventional pre-stack time migration imaging results and the coherence slice based on the present invention calculates the prestack Q compensating offset imaging results of Q value.
Fig. 5 is the change Q value computation process flow diagram based on unstable state deconvolution of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1.Obtain the process of true slope feature with the division of numerical model test specification hyperbolic band and the impact of iteration compacting wavelet at this.In this model, have three layers of reflectivity model, this model is divided into three layers, and the reflection coefficient amplitude level in middle layer is upper and lower two-layer 1/3.In model measurement, source wavelet and this reflection coefficient sequence synthetic seismogram of minimum phase that to use dominant frequency be 40hz, given Q=32 decays to this seismic trace at time-frequency domain also subsequently, obtains thus final theogram.In Fig. 1 a, signal has shown 20 hyperbolic bands divisions (being the isoline of time and frequency product).If the data mean value feature of adding up for the first time under each hyperbolic band is set up die-away curve as shown in blue curve in Fig. 1 b, and affected by source wavelet, first linear fit result and true slope (black line in figure) certainly exist obvious errors.For this reason, adopt iteration thinking constantly estimate source wavelet and remove, progressively suppress its impact and realize constantly approaching true slope with this.After three iteration, can find out that fit slope is in close proximity to true slope.This example has confirmed that taking numerical model as basis iteration proposes the feasibility of slop estimation.
As shown in Figure 2, the die-away curve in actual seismic road also has linear feature conventionally.Fig. 2 a has shown the seismic section in certain marine site, and extracting wherein its corresponding time frequency distribution map is together 2b, and its die-away curve (see that Fig. 2 c) has obvious linear feature, caused by filtering in early stage by smooth top and bottom.Utilize unstable state deconvolution technology, the frequency difference (as shown in Figure 2 d) of this seismic trace top of balance and bottom gradually, smooths the die-away curve feature of this inclination that (Fig. 2 e) substantially.In fact this technical indicator that, unstable state deconvolution technology contains in realizing proposes initial inspiration of the present invention and power just.(to the explanation of Fig. 2 c?)
As shown in Figure 3, Fig. 3 a is a seismic section of the western Carbonate Reservoir of China, and the upper left quarter of this seismic section is fault development district, affected by the factors such as rock failure, and this district should have stronger attenuation by absorption effect, analyzes in theory this district and should present compared with low reactance-resistance ratio; The bottom of this seismic section is the Cambrian system rock of compacting densification, and its attenuation by absorption effect is very little, should have high Q value.Fig. 3 b becomes Q value section by utilizing the present invention to process to be obtained to this section.Compare with Basic Geological background, Q value Changing Pattern and the above-mentioned geologic background of Fig. 3 b match, the validity of proved invention in actual Q value estimation.
As shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 a be based on traditional pre-stack time migration imaging results target reservoir position, deep along layer coherence slice.For improving deep reservoir resolution, first utilize the present invention to ask for and become Q value information, and be applied to the imaging of Q compensating offset, corresponding target reservoir position along layer coherence slice as shown in Figure 4 b.Contrast two kinds of results, be not difficult to find that the latter has significant resolution, can effectively identify pinching line (shown in red arrow) and the river feature (shown in green arrow) in deep.
As shown in Figure 5, a kind of change Q value computation based on unstable state deconvolution of the present invention is, in log-domain, analyze the energy statistics relation in hyperbolic band, set up linear fit equation, realize the calculation of asking to Q value from the slope information obtaining, and utilize the means such as elimination of burst noise, interpolation, level and smooth and histogram adjusting to strengthen vertical lateral stability and the practicality that Q value is estimated.
The concrete steps of this method are as follows:
Step 1: take the logarithm on the basis of the seismic trace that does not carry out attenuation compensation being carried out to Gabor conversion, enter logarithm time-frequency domain;
Step 2: at logarithm time-frequency domain along time orientation by the true timing window of actual conditions, time window divide hyperbolic band and add up its energy relationship, form die-away curve;
Step 3: the major part that die-away curve is carried out is carried out linear fit, determines the Q value of this analysis window center according to fit slope;
Step 4: successively estimate Q size by seismic trace timesharing window;
Step 5: obtaining on the basis of Q achievement, rejecting wild value, interpolation, level and smooth and carry out histogram adjusting according to Given information, forming Q value and estimate result.
In step 2, in the time of logarithm Time-Frequency Analysis, in window, the die-away curve being formed by each hyperbolic band is realized being caused that by attenuation by absorption the quantification of unstable state feature represents, the comprehensive embodiment of Q value information in window when in fact its linear relationship has embodied.
In step 3, utilize best linear fit mode to realize the estimation to Q value, the method itself is a kind of statistical analysis means, has utilized more Time-Frequency Information, and the Q value estimation result of acquisition is more stable.
Change Q value computation based on unstable state deconvolution of the present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect.
1, realized first and utilized energy statistics to be related to ball calculation Q value, compared with classic method, can utilize more fully the data of whole time-frequency domain, quantity of information abundance, estimation result is more reliable, with the identical better off of geologic background;
2, emphasize to utilize the thinking of iteration linear fit constantly to suppress seismic wavelet impact, and then realize the precision of underground Q value is approached.
The ultimate principle of the change Q value computation based on unstable state deconvolution provided by the invention is as follows:
At log-domain, unstable state convolution model is converted to linear equation
L s ^ g ( τ , f ) = - π Q tf + [ L w ^ ( f ) + L r ^ g ( τ , f ) ] - - - ( 6 )
Wherein, with represent the log-transformation of the Gabor time-frequency spectrum of seismic trace, source wavelet and reflection coefficient.
Slope and the quality factor q of this linear equation are closely related, and slope reacts the combined influence of source wavelet and reflection coefficient.At logarithm time-frequency domain, attenuation by absorption isoline still present hyperbolic form, difference is to transfer linear relationship to by exponential relationship between isoline.Similarly, the logarithm time-frequency spectrum of seismic trace carried out to the division of hyperbolic band and calculate each band average to form die-away curve.Say in essence, this die-away curve has been realized being represented by a kind of quantification of attenuation by absorption unstable state feature.Slope characteristics on this die-away curve is directly associated with Q value, according to the first term of formula (6), does not exist in the stratum of attenuation by absorption in perfect elasticity, and this die-away curve should present the straight line of basic horizontal, represents that stratum Q value is infinitely great; Being formed by compacted rock in weak attenuation by absorption stratum, this die-away curve there is less slope characteristics, represent that stratum Q value is relatively high; And at the near Faults being caused by unconsolidated formation or tectonic movement, the slope of this die-away curve is larger, represent that stratum Q value is relatively little.In sum, the slope of die-away curve has direct indicative function to the size of stratum quality factor q in essence, is the important foundation that the present invention solves Q value.
But be subject to the impact of seismic wavelet, and there is relatively large deviation in initial decay slope of a curve and actual value, and the present invention uses the iterative analysis in logarithm time-frequency domain to reduce wavelet impact, the true form of constantly approaching die-away curve for this reason.On the basis that obtains die-away curve, its major part is carried out to linear fit, the process of this linear fit is close to a least square inverting.Mathematical notation is
A'AX=A'b (7)
Wherein,
A represents parameter matrix,
X represents parameter vector to be solved.
For strengthening stability, the adverse effect of the disturbance that can produce in factors such as equation left end increase damping term reduction noises to estimation slope,
(A'A+μΙ)X=A'b (8)
In formula,
μ represents the prewhitening factor,
Ι represents unit matrix (matrix size is 1) herein.
Utilize the slope information X producing to ask calculation to Q value, obtain
Q = - π X - - - ( 9 )
Realize the Q value estimation in analysis window with the method.According to above-mentioned thinking, to seismic section press time-frequency figure along time orientation according to debugging and determining a series of analysis windows, successively add up die-away curve, linear fit, estimation Q value, and to its carry out smoothly, the whole Q value section of processing acquisition such as interpolation and correction.
Above embodiment is to illustrate the invention and not to limit the present invention.
List of references
Margrave?G?F.Theory?of?nonstationary?linear?filtering?in?Fourier?domain?with?application?to?time-variant?filtering:Geophysics,1998,63,244-259.
Margrave,G.F.,M.P.Lamoureux,and?D.C.Henley,2011,Gabor?deconvolution:Estimating?reflectivity?by?nonstationary?deconvolution?of?seismic?data:Geophysics,76,W15-W30.
Margrave,G.F.,M.P.Lamoureux,D.C.Henley,2011,Gabor?deconvolution:Estimating?reflectivity?by?nonstationary?deconvolution?of?seismic?data:Geophysics,76,W15-W30.
Sacchi,M.D.,1997,Reweighting?strategies?in?seismic?deconvolution:Geophys.J.Int.,129,651-656.
Sun X.K., Sun Z.D., and Zhou X.Y., etc., 2013, Gabor deconvolution based on hyperbolic smoothing in log spectra:75th EAGE Conference & Exhibition Extended Abstract.
Sun X.K., Sun Z.D., Peng T., waits 2012, Gabor deconvolution:hyperbolic smoothing in logarithmic magnitude spectrum:82nd SEG annual meeting Expanded Abstract.
Sun,S.Z.,Y.Bai,S.Wu,and?D.Wang,2012,Two?promising?approaches?for?amplitude-preserved?resolution?enhancement,The?Leading?Edge,31,206-210.
Liu likes the pretty auspicious Zhang Gailan in Wuning, and 2009, Cauchy sparse constraint Bayesian estimates that earthquake blind deconvolution framework and algorithm improve: petroleum exploration, 48 (5), 459-464
Yuan Hemin, 2011, multiple dimensioned joint inversion and application thereof, China University Of Petroleum Beijing's Master's thesis.
Zhang Fanchang, Liu Jie, prints Xing Yao etc., and 2008, revise Cauchy and retrain earthquake blind deconvolution method: geophysical prospecting for oil 2008,43 (4), 391-396.

Claims (4)

1. the change Q value computation based on unstable state deconvolution, it is characterized in that: in log-domain, analyze the energy statistics relation in hyperbolic band, set up linear fit equation, realize the calculation of asking to Q value from the slope information obtaining, and utilize the means such as elimination of burst noise, interpolation, level and smooth and histogram adjusting to strengthen vertical lateral stability and the practicality that Q value is estimated.
2. the change Q value computation based on unstable state deconvolution according to claim 1, is characterized in that; The method step is as follows:
Step 1: take the logarithm on the basis of the seismic trace that does not carry out attenuation compensation being carried out to Gabor conversion, enter logarithm time-frequency domain;
Step 2: at logarithm time-frequency domain along time orientation by the true timing window of actual conditions, time window divide hyperbolic band and add up its energy relationship, form die-away curve;
Step 3: the major part that die-away curve is carried out is carried out linear fit, determines the Q value of this analysis window center according to fit slope;
Step 4: successively estimate Q size by seismic trace timesharing window;
Step 5: obtaining on the basis of Q achievement, rejecting wild value, interpolation, level and smooth and carry out histogram adjusting according to Given information, forming Q value and estimate result.
3. the change Q value computation based on unstable state deconvolution according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in step 2, in the time of logarithm Time-Frequency Analysis in window, the die-away curve being formed by each hyperbolic band is realized being caused that by attenuation by absorption the quantification of unstable state feature represents, the comprehensive embodiment of Q value information in window when in fact its linear relationship has embodied.
4. the change Q value computation based on unstable state deconvolution according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in step 3, utilize best linear fit mode to realize the estimation to Q value, the method itself is a kind of statistical analysis means, utilized more Time-Frequency Information, the Q value estimation result of acquisition is more stable.
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