CN102854530A - Hyperbolic smooth dynamic deconvolution method based on logarithm time-frequency domain - Google Patents
Hyperbolic smooth dynamic deconvolution method based on logarithm time-frequency domain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hyperbolic smooth dynamic deconvolution method based on logarithm time-frequency domain. Mass of absorptive attenuator and earthquake source wavelets is directly determined by selection of a time-frequency spectrum smooth method, which has crucial effect on a dynamic deconvolution result. According to a hyperbolic smooth method of a conventional time-frequency domain, separation of the absorptive attenuator and earthquake source functions is achieved by division, white noise factors are required to be added in a denominator so as to guarantee numerical stability, accordingly, iteration efficiency is remarkably reduced, estimation for the absorptive attenuator and the earthquake source wavelets is inaccurate, and a finally result can be definitely and badly influenced. Accordingly, according to the hyperbolic smooth dynamic deconvolution method based on the logarithm time-frequency domain, the hyperbolic smooth method is popularized in the logarithm time-frequency domain, a perfect separation of the absorptive attenuator and earthquake source functions is achieved by linear matching (eliminating intercept) and subtraction, the white noise factors are not required, and the iteration efficiency is improved. Besides, a piecewise linearization method is provided, and the defect that the absorptive attenuation curve is not in a single linearity during practical processing is overcome. The superiority of the hyperbolic smooth dynamic deconvolution method relative to traditional methods is proved from a lot of aspects by the aid of model tests and actual data processing results.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the geophysical survey field, relate at the logarithm time-frequency domain and realize that hyperbolic is level and smooth, and then finish dynamic deconvolution, improve seismic data resolution.
Background technology
Deconvolution is a basic link during seismic data is processed, and can not only effectively compress the seismic wavelet in the seismologic record, and can suppress singing and multiple reflection, can obviously improve the vertical resolution of geological data.Through the development of over half a century, the developed method of multiple maturation of deconvolution is such as least square deconvolution, predictive deconvolution, wavelet shape deconvolution, homomorphic deconvolution etc.Yet the most the Method of Deconvolution all is based upon on the conventional Robinson convolution model, thinks not temporal evolution of seismic wavelet, has ignored the effects such as attenuation by absorption on stratum, has limited its scope of application and actual value, belongs to the category of static deconvolution.
Dynamic convolution model has been considered the attenuation by absorption on stratum, by derive abbreviation and introduce field of seismic exploration (Margrave, 1998 of the people such as Margrave; Margrave etc., 2002).At time-frequency domain, this model representation is the form that source wavelet, attenuation by absorption and reflection coefficient multiply each other, if only consider magnitude relation, its form is:
Wherein
Represent source wavelet, | α (τ, f) | be attenuation by absorption,
Represent the reflection coefficient item.The purpose of dynamic deconvolution is to remove the impact of source wavelet and attenuation by absorption from the seismic trace time-frequency spectrum, only keep the reflection coefficient item, thereby reaches compensation attenuation by absorption, improves the purpose of vertical resolution.
Undoubtedly, the estimation of source wavelet and attenuation by absorption is crucial in the whole techniqueflow of dynamic deconvolution, and this estimation of two obtains by level and smooth seismic trace time-frequency spectrum, so the selection of smoothing method has vital impact to final Output rusults.Through development (Grossman etc., 2002 in recent years; Montana etc., 2005), mature main flow smoothing method has cross level and smooth, and the level and smooth hyperbolic with conventional time-frequency domain of rectangular window is level and smooth.Under study for action, many investigation and comparison work find that cross AGC effect level and smooth and that rectangular window is level and smooth is serious, have destroyed the vertical amplitude characteristic of seismic trace, and Output rusults can substantial deviation actual conditions (Margrave etc., 2003).By contrast, conventional hyperbolic is smoothly utilized the hypothesis of permanent Q and white noise reflection coefficient, carry out smoothly at the hyperbolic curve of time-frequency domain along the tf=constant, at first utilize iteration thought from the seismic trace time-frequency spectrum, to remove the impact of source wavelet, constantly purify to the estimation of attenuation by absorption.After iteration finishes, remove the attenuation by absorption of final estimation from the seismic trace time-frequency spectrum, and along the time orientation computation of mean values, level and smooth and then obtain the frequency response of source wavelet along frequency direction.The level and smooth Output rusults of conventional hyperbolic is stablized, and is a kind of more rational smoothing method (Margrave etc., 2011) that is applicable to dynamic deconvolution.
Yet, the weak point of conventional hyperbolic smoothing method mainly is, utilize in the process of iterative estimate attenuation by absorption, need to realize constantly removing the impact of source wavelet by division, yet for guaranteeing numerical stability, prevent the appearance of the phenomenon that divisor is very little, need in denominator, increase artificially the whitening factor item, this will reduce iteration efficient, cause attenuation by absorption and the source wavelet of finding the solution inaccurate, and this will affect final deconvolution effect.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of conventional hyperbolic smoothing method, the invention provides a kind of in the level and smooth method of logarithm time-frequency domain realization hyperbolic.By improvement of the present invention, can accurately obtain attenuation by absorption and source wavelet, acceleration of iterative convergence efficient reduces the artificial interference that is caused by whitening factor, obviously improves the resolution of seismic data, has important using value at petroleum exploration domain.
The present invention realizes that the specific embodiments of above-mentioned purpose is as follows:
Step 1: according to the POU condition, determine a cover analysis window and window when synthetic;
Step 2: realize the Gabor conversion by analysis window and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtain the time-frequency spectrum of input seismic trace, and its value is composed the acquisition log spectrum of taking the logarithm;
Step 3: determine effective amplitude level according to the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data, determine the time-frequency scope that hyperbolic is level and smooth and carry out the hyperbolic division;
Step 4: carry out hyperbolic with algorithm of the present invention at the logarithm time-frequency domain level and smooth, utilize iteration thought, by sectional linear fitting and cast out the method for intercept, continue to optimize the estimation to attenuation by absorption.Remove subsequently the impact of attenuation by absorption, average according to vertical (time orientation), horizontal (frequency direction) smoothly asks source wavelet;
Step 5: adopt the minimum phase hypothesis to make up the propagator wave spectrum, form deconvolution operator, carry out deconvolution at time-frequency domain;
Step 6: window and inverse Fourier transform realize anti-Gabor conversion when synthetic, and the deconvolution results conversion to time domain, is got its real part as final Output rusults.
Ultimate principle based on the level and smooth dynamic deconvolution method of logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic provided by the invention is as follows: at the logarithm time-frequency domain, dynamic convolution model is converted to (only considering the amplitude size):
First is the attenuation by absorption item in the formula, and Q represents the quality factor of rock; Rear two for being respectively wavelet item and reflection coefficient item, both have consisted of the intercept of this linear equation jointly.
The slope of this equation has directly embodied the attenuation by absorption on stratum, the impact of wavelet and reflection coefficient then comprise with intercept among.Therefore, utilizing iterative process to find the solution in the process of absorption function, attenuation by absorption curve (being made of the inner average of each hyperbolic band) is being carried out linear fit, giving up the intercept item and just can obtain accurately attenuation by absorption.Meanwhile, subtraction has replaced the division of former time-frequency domain in the logarithm frequency, has avoided the use of whitening factor, has accelerated iterative convergence speed, has reduced the artificial interference in the net result.
Then utilize the hypothesis of white noise reflection coefficient, from dynamic convolution model, remove the attenuation by absorption that obtains through iteration, and according to averaging along time orientation, frequency direction smoothly obtains the frequency response of source wavelet, and then form the source wavelet time-frequency spectrum with this.So far, attenuation by absorption time-frequency spectrum and source wavelet time-frequency spectrum all obtain, use the Hilbert conversion to ask minimum phase, can form final deconvolution operator.
When processing the actual seismic data, the attenuation by absorption curve that is made of the inner average of each hyperbolic band does not have unified linear rule usually, in most of the cases present piecewise linear feature, need according to this slope of a curve in this case, by the piece-wise linearization that is similar to well logs method realization attenuation by absorption curve.
Characteristic of the present invention is: greatly simplified dynamic convolution model, can calculate rapidly and accurately attenuation by absorption and source wavelet, avoided the use of whitening factor, reduced the impact of human factor on net result, improve the ability of dynamic deconvolution technology aspect the enhancing seismic data resolution, in reservoir prediction, had important value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a)～Fig. 1 (e) is the deconvolution result contrast by three kinds of time domains that different smoothing method obtains.
Fig. 2 (a)～Fig. 2 (d) is the time-frequency domain response characteristic contrast that is obtained the deconvolution result by three kinds of different smoothing methods.
Fig. 3 is by the frequency response of two kinds of level and smooth gained source wavelets of hyperbolic and real response contrast.
Fig. 4 is based on the actual treatment flow process of the level and smooth dynamic deconvolution method of logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic.
Fig. 5 (a)～Fig. 5 (d) is the piece-wise linearization flow process in the actual treatment.
Fig. 6 (a)～Fig. 6 (c) is based on the level and smooth dynamic deconvolution method of two kinds of different hyperbolics at the Contrast on effect of processing certain marine offset seismic profile.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the description of drawings specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 derive from same reflectivity model.This model is divided into three layers, and the reflection coefficient amplitude level in middle layer is upper and lower two-layer 1/3.In the model measurement, use dominant frequency to be the source wavelet of the minimum phase of 40hz and this reflection coefficient sequence synthetic seismogram, subsequently given Q=32 and time-frequency domain this seismic trace is decayed, obtain thus final theogram.
Fig. 1 (a)～Fig. 1 (e) is the deconvolution result contrast by three kinds of time domains that different smoothing method obtains.Because rectangular window is smoothly ignored the attenuation by absorption rule on stratum, there is serious AGC effect in the deconvolution result, has destroyed vertical magnitude relation of reflection coefficient among Fig. 1 (e); And the conventional hyperbolic shown in Fig. 1 (d) is level and smooth and Fig. 1 (c) shown in logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic smoothing method followed the attenuation by absorption rule on stratum, can recover well original magnitude relation, confidence level obviously improves, by contrast, the similarity based on the level and smooth deconvolution result of logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic and actual reflection coefficient sequence shown in Fig. 1 (c) to be higher than shown in Fig. 1 (d) based on the level and smooth deconvolution result of conventional hyperbolic.
Fig. 2 (a)～Fig. 2 (d) is the time-frequency response characteristic contrast that is obtained the deconvolution result by three kinds of different smoothing methods.Fig. 2 (a) is the time-frequency spectral amplitude of actual reflection coefficient sequence.The time-frequency response based on the level and smooth deconvolution result of logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic shown in Fig. 2 (b) is almost consistent with the energy distribution of Fig. 2 (a), and degree of agreement is the highest; The time-frequency response based on the level and smooth deconvolution result of logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic shown in Fig. 2 (c) is taken second place, and the energy of subregion is not accurately recovered, shown in oval delineation part among the figure; And the rectangular window shown in Fig. 2 (d) has smoothly embodied serious AGC effect again, and the energy in middle layer is obviously amplified.
Fig. 3 is by the frequency response of two kinds of level and smooth gained source wavelets of hyperbolic and real response contrast.The hyperbolic smoothing method of logarithm time-frequency domain be so that can accurately remove the impact of source wavelet when asking attenuation by absorption in utilizing iterative process, and limited the impact of whitening factor, and these advantages have improved the precision of estimation wavelet greatly.Shown in thick dot-and-dash line among Fig. 3, the hyperbolic smoothing method of logarithm time-frequency domain and the frequency response of the actual source wavelet shown in the heavy line have high similarity.And shown in Fig. 3 fine line, departed to a certain extent theoretical response by the frequency response of the level and smooth source wavelet of estimating of conventional hyperbolic.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 have proved respectively the superiority based on the level and smooth dynamic deconvolution method of logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic from different perspectives.
Fig. 4 is based on the actual treatment flow process of the level and smooth dynamic deconvolution method of logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic:
Step 1: according to the POU condition, determine a cover analysis window and window when synthetic;
Step 2: realize the Gabor conversion by analysis window and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtain the time-frequency spectrum of input seismic trace, and its value is composed the acquisition log spectrum of taking the logarithm;
Step 3: determine effective amplitude level according to the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data, determine the time-frequency scope that hyperbolic is level and smooth and carry out the hyperbolic division;
Step 4: carry out hyperbolic with algorithm of the present invention at the logarithm time-frequency domain level and smooth, use iteration thought, by sectional linear fitting and cast out the method for intercept, continue to optimize the estimation to attenuation by absorption.Remove subsequently the impact of attenuation by absorption, average according to vertical (time orientation), horizontal (frequency direction) smoothly asks source wavelet;
Step 5: adopt the minimum phase hypothesis to make up the propagator wave spectrum, form deconvolution operator, carry out deconvolution at time-frequency domain;
Step 6: window and inverse Fourier transform realize anti-Gabor conversion when synthetic, and the deconvolution results conversion to time domain, is got its real part as final Output rusults.
Fig. 5 (a)～Fig. 5 (d) is the piece-wise linearization flow process in the actual treatment.In the actual treatment, the attenuation by absorption curve does not have unified linear rule usually, needs to carry out piece-wise linearization.Fig. 5 (a) original attenuation by absorption curve that the inner average of each hyperbolic band consists of of serving as reasons; Fig. 5 (b) smoothly waits pre-service attenuation by absorption curve afterwards for Fig. 5 (a) is left out the beginning and the end; Fig. 5 (c) is slope curve corresponding to Fig. 5 (b), and this is the foundation of piece-wise linearization; Be similar to the well logs method, in Fig. 5 (c), utilize a certain number percent (being 50% in this example) of length value between peak-valley to determine the position of each separation of piece-wise linearization, shown in Fig. 5 (d).
Fig. 6 (a)～Fig. 6 (c) is based on the level and smooth dynamic deconvolution method of two kinds of different hyperbolics at the Contrast on effect of processing certain marine offset seismic profile.Fig. 6 (a) is original seismic section, and zone of interest is the organic reef with amygdaloidal structure.Fig. 6 (b) is that the present invention processes (hyperbolic that is the logarithm time-frequency domain is level and smooth) acquisition deconvolution section; Fig. 6 (c) is that conventional hyperbolic smoothly obtains the deconvolution section.Compare with classic method, be not difficult to find that the present invention can more clearly reflect the reefs internal structure, and the tuning effect of organic reef below has also obtained compacting to a certain extent.
Model measurement has all shown the vast improvement of the relative classic method of the present invention with actual treatment, and has advantageous advantage aspect the raising seismic data resolution.
Above embodiment only is used for explanation the present invention, but not is used for limiting the present invention.
List of references
Grossman，J.P.，G.F.Margrave，and?M.P.Lamoureux，2002，Constructing?adaptive，nonuniform?Gabor?frames?from?partitions?of?unity：CREWES?Research?Report，14，1-10.
Margrave，G.F.，1998，Theory?of?nonstationary?linear?fltering?in?Fourier?domain?with?application?to?time-variant?filtering：Geophysics，63，244-259.
Margrave，G.F.，D.C.Henley，M.P.Lamoureux?et?al，2003，Gabor?deconvolution?revisited：75th?Annual?International?Meeting，SEG，22，714-717
Margrave，G.F.，M.P.Lamoureux，D.C.Henley，2011，Gabor?deconvolution：Estimating?reflectivity?by?nonstationary?deconvolution?of?seismic?data，Geophysics，76，W15-W30.
Margrave，G.F.，M.P.Lamoureux，J.P.Grossman，and?V.Iliescu，2002，Gabor?deconvolution?of?seismic?data?for?source?waveform?and?Q?correction：72nd?Annual?International?Meeting，SEG，Expanded?Abstracts，2190-2193.
Montana，C.A.，G.F.Margrave，2005，Phase?correction?in?Gabor?deconvolution：75th?Annual?International?Meeting，SEG，Expanded?Abstracts，2173-2176。
Claims (5)
1. based on the level and smooth dynamic deconvolution method of logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic, it is characterized in that adopting following steps to realize:
Step 1: according to the POU condition, determine a cover analysis window and window when synthetic;
Step 2: realize the Gabor conversion by analysis window and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtain the time-frequency spectrum of input seismic trace, and its value is composed the acquisition log spectrum of taking the logarithm;
Step 3: determine effective amplitude level according to the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data, determine the time-frequency scope that hyperbolic is level and smooth and carry out the hyperbolic division;
Step 4: carry out hyperbolic with algorithm of the present invention at the logarithm time-frequency domain level and smooth, use iteration thought, by sectional linear fitting and cast out the method for intercept, continue to optimize the estimation to attenuation by absorption.Remove subsequently the impact of attenuation by absorption, average according to vertical (time orientation), horizontal (frequency direction) smoothly asks source wavelet;
Step 5: adopt the minimum phase hypothesis to make up the propagator wave spectrum, form deconvolution operator, carry out deconvolution at time-frequency domain;
Step 6: window and inverse Fourier transform realize anti-Gabor conversion when synthetic, and the deconvolution results conversion to time domain, is got its real part as final Output rusults.
2. according to claim 1 based on the level and smooth dynamic deconvolution method of logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic, it is characterized in that, step 4 adopts logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic smoothing method, solve conventional hyperbolic smoothing method and estimated and ask attenuation by absorption and the inaccurate shortcoming of source wavelet, and reduced the impact of whitening factor on net result.In the logarithm time-frequency domain, the attenuation by absorption function is converted into the linear representation L about tf
α(π/Q), the dynamic convolution model of seismic trace is converted to (t, f)=tf
The slope that is dynamic convolution model is closely related with the Q value that characterizes attenuation by absorption, and intercept then comprises wavelet item and reflection coefficient item.Therefore ask slope by best linear fit, cast out simultaneously the intercept item, can avoid in the process of estimating absorption function the impact of wavelet and the non-white noise of reflection coefficient, realize the Exact Solution of absorption function.
3. according to claim 1ly it is characterized in that based on the level and smooth dynamic deconvolution method of logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic, step 4 adopts the iteration thinking constantly to remove the impact of source wavelet, obtains accurately attenuation by absorption information.Afterwards, deduct this attenuation by absorption information from dynamic convolution model, and get average along time orientation, frequency direction is utilized the rectangular window convolution smoothly and then is obtained the frequency response of source wavelet.Realize propagating thus the estimation of wavelet.
4. according to claim 1 based on the level and smooth dynamic deconvolution method of logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic, it is characterized in that, step 4 converts the division arithmetic in the former time-frequency domain to the subtraction of logarithm time-frequency domain, has avoided the use of whitening factor, has reduced the impact of human factor on net result.
5. according to claim 1 based on the level and smooth dynamic deconvolution method of logarithm time-frequency domain hyperbolic, it is characterized in that, when processing the actual seismic data, simple linear fit is difficult to meet the demands, need to utilize each point slope on the attenuation by absorption curve, adopt the thinking that is similar to well logs to carry out sectional linear fitting.
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| CN110596758A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Seismic signal low-frequency energy compensation method |
| US11994639B2 (en) | 2019-05-15 | 2024-05-28 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Seismic velocity modeling |
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