CN104073622A - Light path converting device applicable to laser impact treatment - Google Patents
Light path converting device applicable to laser impact treatment Download PDFInfo
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
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Abstract
一种适用于激光冲击处理的光路转换装置，该光路转换装置包括光路反射装置、光路折射装置和光路转换装置支架；将光路折射装置固定在光路转换装置支架的中间位置；将光路反射装置固定在光路转换装置支架的上端，调节光路反射装置的位置使激光指示光位于平面镜的中心位置；通过不断调节光路折射装置与光路反射装置之间的距离得到所需要的光斑大小；光路转换装置能将激光器发出的激光经过反射和折射到达待冲击试件的表面，对其进行激光冲击处理。本发明能够实现将激光简单高效地作用于待冲击试件表面，对其进行激光冲击处理，从而改善材料的性能。
An optical path conversion device suitable for laser shock treatment, the optical path conversion device includes an optical path reflection device, an optical path refraction device and an optical path conversion device bracket; the optical path refraction device is fixed at the middle position of the optical path conversion device bracket; the optical path reflection device is fixed on On the upper end of the bracket of the optical path conversion device, adjust the position of the optical path reflection device so that the laser indicator light is located at the center of the plane mirror; the required spot size can be obtained by continuously adjusting the distance between the optical path refraction device and the optical path reflection device; the optical path conversion device can convert the laser The emitted laser light reaches the surface of the test piece to be impacted through reflection and refraction, and it is subjected to laser impact treatment. The invention can realize the simple and efficient action of laser on the surface of the test piece to be impacted, and perform laser impact treatment on it, so as to improve the performance of the material.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于机械制造与激光加工应用技术领域，尤其涉及一种适用于激光冲击处理的光路转换装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical manufacturing and laser processing applications, and in particular relates to an optical path conversion device suitable for laser shock processing.
背景技术Background technique
激光冲击处理技术是高功率密度、短脉冲的激光束与物质相互作用产生强冲击波来改善材料表面物理及机械性能的一种新颖的表面处理技术。激光冲击处理产生的高压力学效应使金属表面产生高应变率的塑性变形，从而改善材料表面的微观组织并产生高幅值的残余压应力，提高材料的抗疲劳、抗腐蚀等性能。Laser shock treatment technology is a novel surface treatment technology in which high-power density, short-pulse laser beams interact with substances to generate strong shock waves to improve the physical and mechanical properties of material surfaces. The high-pressure mechanical effect produced by laser shock treatment causes plastic deformation with a high strain rate on the metal surface, thereby improving the microstructure of the material surface and generating high-amplitude residual compressive stress, improving the fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance of the material.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为实现激光冲击处理提供光路转换装置。由于进行激光冲击处理的试件表面要进行涂黑，并要将涂黑的试件放入盛有水的器皿内，这导致水平方向上发射出的激光很难照射到试件表面。为了使水平发射出的激光能够垂直地作用于物体表面，就需要引入光路转换装置，从而实现激光冲击处理，改善材料的抗疲劳、抗腐蚀等性能。The object of the present invention is to provide an optical path conversion device for realizing laser shock treatment. Since the surface of the test piece undergoing laser shock treatment needs to be painted black, and the blackened test piece must be placed in a vessel filled with water, it is difficult for the laser emitted in the horizontal direction to irradiate the surface of the test piece. In order to enable the horizontally emitted laser to act on the surface of the object vertically, it is necessary to introduce an optical path conversion device to achieve laser shock treatment and improve the fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance of materials.
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为一种适用于激光冲击处理的光路转换装置，该装置包括光路反射装置1、光路折射装置2、待冲击试件3、光路转换装置支架4、激光器5；其中，光路反射装置1包括光路反射装置支座11、平面镜固定架12、平面镜13；光路折射装置2包括光路折射装置支座21、调节滑块22、凸透镜23、凸透镜固定架24；具体而言，激光器5向光路反射装置1发射激光，经由光路反射装置1反射后进入光路折射装置2，并对待冲击试件3进行激光冲击处理；所述平面镜13安装在平面镜固定架12上，平面镜固定架12安装在反射装置支座11上，反射装置支座11安装在光路转换装置支架4顶部，且平面镜13与水平面呈45°夹角，可将水平射入的激光竖直方向进行反射；In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is an optical path conversion device suitable for laser shock treatment. 5; Wherein, optical path reflection device 1 comprises optical path reflection device support 11, plane mirror fixed mount 12, plane mirror 13; Optical path refraction device 2 comprises optical path refraction device support 21, adjustment slide block 22, convex lens 23, convex lens fixed mount 24; Specifically In other words, the laser 5 emits laser light to the optical path reflection device 1, enters the optical path refraction device 2 after being reflected by the optical path reflection device 1, and performs laser shock treatment on the test piece 3 to be impacted; the plane mirror 13 is installed on the plane mirror fixing frame 12, and the plane mirror The fixed frame 12 is installed on the reflector support 11, and the reflector support 11 is installed on the top of the optical path conversion device support 4, and the plane mirror 13 is at an angle of 45° with the horizontal plane, which can reflect the vertical direction of the horizontally injected laser light;
凸透镜23固定在凸透镜固定架24上且水平布置，调节滑块22固定在光路折射装置支座21上，凸透镜固定架24安装在光路折射装置支座21上；所述光路折射装置2安装在光路转换装置支架4中间位置；待冲击试件3置于光路转换装置支架4的底部工作台上。The convex lens 23 is fixed on the convex lens fixing frame 24 and arranged horizontally, the adjusting slider 22 is fixed on the optical path refraction device support 21, and the convex lens fixing frame 24 is installed on the optical path refraction device support 21; the optical path refraction device 2 is installed on the optical path The middle position of the bracket 4 of the conversion device; the specimen 3 to be impacted is placed on the bottom worktable of the bracket 4 of the optical path conversion device.
该装置的具体实施步骤如下：The concrete implementation steps of this device are as follows:
步骤1)提供光路反射装置1、光路折射装置2和光路转换装置支架4，所述光路反射装置1包括光路反射装置支座11、平面镜固定架12和平面镜13；光路折射装置2包括光路折射装置支座21、调节滑块22、凸透镜23和凸透镜固定架24；Step 1) Provide optical path reflection device 1, optical path refraction device 2 and optical path conversion device support 4, described optical path reflection device 1 comprises optical path reflection device support 11, plane mirror fixing frame 12 and plane mirror 13; Optical path refraction device 2 comprises optical path refraction device Support 21, adjusting slider 22, convex lens 23 and convex lens fixing frame 24;
步骤2)取出光路转换装置支架4，竖直放置在工作台上；Step 2) Take out the optical path conversion device bracket 4 and place it vertically on the workbench;
步骤3)通过拧紧螺栓将光路折射装置支座21固定于光路转换装置支架4的中间位置；Step 3) Fix the optical path refraction device support 21 to the middle position of the optical path conversion device bracket 4 by tightening the bolts;
步骤4)将调节滑块22插入光路折射装置支座21的滑槽内；Step 4) Insert the adjusting slider 22 into the chute of the support 21 of the optical path refraction device;
步骤5)将凸透镜23固定架的手柄插入调节滑块的内孔中，旋转手柄使凸透镜23固定架处于水平状态；Step 5) Insert the handle of the convex lens 23 fixing frame into the inner hole of the adjustment slider, and rotate the handle so that the convex lens 23 fixing frame is in a horizontal state;
步骤6)手持凸透镜23，将凸透镜23轻放于凸透镜固定架24的方形框内；Step 6) Hold the convex lens 23 in hand, and gently place the convex lens 23 in the square frame of the convex lens holder 24;
步骤7)通过拧紧螺栓将光路反射装置支座11固定于光路转换装置支架4的上端；Step 7) Fix the optical path reflection device support 11 on the upper end of the optical path conversion device bracket 4 by tightening the bolts;
步骤8)将背面涂有胶水的平面镜13放入平面镜固定架12的方形壳内，待胶水干透后进行下一步；Step 8) Put the flat mirror 13 coated with glue on the back into the square shell of the flat mirror fixing frame 12, and proceed to the next step after the glue is completely dry;
步骤9)将平面镜13固定架的手柄插入光路反射装置支座11的另一个内孔中，通过螺栓固定；Step 9) Insert the handle of the plane mirror 13 fixing frame into another inner hole of the optical path reflection device support 11, and fix it by bolts;
步骤10)通过调整光路反射装置支座11的高度以及转动平面镜固定架12手柄，使激光指示光照射在平面镜13的中心位置；Step 10) By adjusting the height of the optical path reflection device support 11 and turning the handle of the plane mirror fixing frame 12, the laser indicating light is irradiated on the center position of the plane mirror 13;
步骤11)通过滑动调节滑块22，改变其在光路折射装置支座21的滑槽内的位置以及转动凸透镜固定架23手柄，使经过平面镜13反射的激光指示光照射在凸透镜23的中心位置；Step 11) by sliding and adjusting the slider 22, changing its position in the chute of the optical path refraction device support 21 and turning the handle of the convex lens fixing frame 23, so that the laser indicating light reflected by the plane mirror 13 is irradiated on the center of the convex lens 23;
步骤12)通过上下调节光路折射装置支座21的高度，得到指定尺寸的光斑；Step 12) By adjusting the height of the support 21 of the optical path refraction device up and down, a light spot of a specified size is obtained;
进一步，步骤5)所述的凸透镜固定架24要处于水平状态；步骤10)所述的平面镜13与入射激光指示光呈45°且入射激光指示光要照射在平面镜13的中心位置；步骤11)所述的经平面镜13反射后的激光指示光要照射在凸透镜23的中心位置。Further, the convex lens holder 24 described in step 5) will be in a horizontal state; the plane mirror 13 described in step 10) is 45° with the incident laser indicating light and the incident laser indicating light will be irradiated on the center position of the plane mirror 13; Step 11) The laser indicating light reflected by the plane mirror 13 is to be irradiated on the central position of the convex lens 23 .
本文发明的光路转换装置的创新在于：进行激光冲击处理的试件表面需要覆盖涂覆层，并放入盛有水的器皿内，而激光器发出的激光束是水平的，难以照射到试件表面。本文发明的光路转换装置实现了将水平发射的激光垂直地作用到试件表面，进行激光冲击处理，从而改善材料的抗腐蚀、抗疲劳等性能。The innovation of the optical path conversion device invented in this paper lies in the fact that the surface of the specimen subjected to laser shock treatment needs to be covered with a coating layer and placed in a container filled with water, while the laser beam emitted by the laser is horizontal and it is difficult to irradiate the surface of the specimen . The optical path conversion device invented in this paper enables the horizontally emitted laser to act vertically on the surface of the test piece for laser shock treatment, thereby improving the corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance of the material.
本发明的有益效果在于：不但实现了将水平发射出的激光垂直地作用于试件表面，而且该装置成品低，安装简单，实用性强。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: not only can the horizontally emitted laser light act on the surface of the test piece vertically, but also the finished product of the device is low, the installation is simple, and the practicability is strong.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中光路转换装置的原理图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path conversion device in the present invention.
图2为本发明中光路转换装置的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path conversion device in the present invention.
图3为本发明中激光冲击处理的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of laser shock treatment in the present invention.
图中：1、光路反射装置，2、光路折射装置，3、待冲击试件，4、光路转换装置支架，5、激光器，11、光路反射装置支座，12、平面镜固定架，13、平面镜，21、光路折射装置支座，22、调节滑块，23、凸透镜，24、凸透镜固定架。In the figure: 1. Optical path reflection device, 2. Optical path refraction device, 3. Test piece to be impacted, 4. Optical path conversion device bracket, 5. Laser, 11. Optical path reflection device support, 12. Plane mirror fixing frame, 13. Plane mirror , 21, optical path refraction device support, 22, adjustment slider, 23, convex lens, 24, convex lens holder.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图，通过举例进一步阐明本发明的具体操作流程，请参阅图1至图3。激光冲击处理修复承受最大主应力为140MPa的脉动循环且已存在40％损伤程度的铜薄膜缺口试件，其步骤为：The specific operation process of the present invention will be further illustrated by examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 . The laser shock treatment repairs the copper film notch specimen that bears the pulsation cycle of the maximum principal stress of 140MPa and has 40% damage. The steps are as follows:
步骤1)提供光路反射装置1、光路折射装置2和光路转换装置支架4，所述光路反射装置1包括光路反射装置支座11、平面镜固定架12和平面镜13；光路折射装置2包括光路折射装置支架21、调节滑块22、凸透镜23和凸透镜固定架24；Step 1) Provide optical path reflection device 1, optical path refraction device 2 and optical path conversion device support 4, described optical path reflection device 1 comprises optical path reflection device support 11, plane mirror fixing frame 12 and plane mirror 13; Optical path refraction device 2 comprises optical path refraction device Support 21, adjusting slide block 22, convex lens 23 and convex lens fixing frame 24;
步骤2)取出光路转换装置支架4，竖直放置在工作台上；Step 2) Take out the optical path conversion device bracket 4 and place it vertically on the workbench;
步骤3)通过拧紧螺栓将光路折射装置支座21固定于光路转换装置支架4的中间位置；Step 3) Fix the optical path refraction device support 21 to the middle position of the optical path conversion device bracket 4 by tightening the bolts;
步骤4)将调节滑块22插入光路折射装置支座21的滑槽内；Step 4) Insert the adjusting slider 22 into the chute of the support 21 of the optical path refraction device;
步骤5)将凸透镜固定架24的手柄插入调节滑块22的内孔中，旋转手柄使凸透镜固定架24处于水平状态，其中凸透镜固定架24手柄的尺寸与调节滑块22内孔的尺寸相同，间隙极小；Step 5) Insert the handle of the convex lens holder 24 into the inner hole of the adjustment slider 22, rotate the handle so that the convex lens holder 24 is in a horizontal state, wherein the size of the handle of the convex lens holder 24 is the same as the size of the inner hole of the adjustment slider 22, very small gaps;
步骤6)手持凸透镜23，将凸透镜23轻放于凸透镜固定架24的方形框内；Step 6) Hold the convex lens 23 in hand, and gently place the convex lens 23 in the square frame of the convex lens holder 24;
步骤7)通过拧紧螺栓将光路反射装置支座11固定于光路转换装置支架4的上端；Step 7) Fix the optical path reflection device support 11 on the upper end of the optical path conversion device bracket 4 by tightening the bolts;
步骤8)将背面涂有胶水的平面镜13放入平面镜固定架12的方形壳内，待胶水干透后进行下一步；Step 8) Put the flat mirror 13 coated with glue on the back into the square shell of the flat mirror fixing frame 12, and proceed to the next step after the glue is completely dry;
步骤9)将平面镜固定架12的手柄插入光路反射装置支座11的另一个内孔中，通过螺栓固定，其中平面镜固定架12手柄的尺寸以及与其配合的光路反射装置支座11的内孔尺寸相同，间隙极小；Step 9) Insert the handle of the plane mirror holder 12 into another inner hole of the optical path reflection device support 11, and fix it by bolts, wherein the size of the plane mirror holder 12 handle and the inner hole size of the optical path reflection device support 11 matched therewith the same, the gap is extremely small;
步骤10)通过调整光路反射装置支座11的高度以及转动平面镜固定架12手柄，使激光指示光照射在平面镜13的中心位置，且平面镜13与入射激光指示光呈45°；Step 10) By adjusting the height of the optical path reflection device support 11 and turning the handle of the plane mirror fixing frame 12, the laser indicating light is irradiated on the center position of the plane mirror 13, and the plane mirror 13 and the incident laser indicating light are at 45°;
步骤11)通过滑动调节滑块22，改变其在光路折射装置支座21的滑槽内的位置以及转动凸透镜固定架24手柄，使经过平面镜13反射的激光指示光照射在凸透镜23的中心位置；Step 11) by sliding and adjusting the slider 22, changing its position in the chute of the optical path refraction device support 21 and turning the handle of the convex lens holder 24, so that the laser indicating light reflected by the plane mirror 13 is irradiated on the center of the convex lens 23;
步骤12)通过上下调节光路折射装置支座21的高度，使光斑大小为45*1mm2；Step 12) By adjusting the height of the support 21 of the optical path refraction device up and down, the size of the light spot is 45*1mm 2 ;
步骤13)在待冲击试件3，即存在40％损伤程度的铜薄膜缺口试件的表面喷一层厚度为50-100微米的黑色涂层以增加材料对激光的吸收率，待黑色涂层干透后，将其固定到金属基体上，并将金属基体放入盛有水的培养皿中，往培养皿中注入清水，直至在铜薄膜表面形成一层厚度为1-1.5毫米的水层，即约束层，将培养皿放在工作台上，调节培养皿的位置，使经凸透镜23折射后的激光指示光照射在铜薄膜缺口试件的缺口处；Step 13) spray a layer of black coating with a thickness of 50-100 microns on the surface of the test piece 3 to be impacted, that is, the copper film notch with 40% damage degree, to increase the absorption rate of the material to the laser, and to treat the black coating After it dries up, fix it on the metal substrate, put the metal substrate into a petri dish filled with water, pour clean water into the petri dish until a water layer with a thickness of 1-1.5 mm is formed on the surface of the copper film , that is, the constrained layer, placing the petri dish on the workbench, adjusting the position of the petri dish, so that the laser indicating light refracted by the convex lens 23 is irradiated on the notch of the copper film notch test piece;
步骤14)通过激光器5的控制系统调整单脉冲能量为10000J/m2，脉冲个数为18，进行激光冲击处理。Step 14) Adjust the single pulse energy to 10000 J/m 2 and the number of pulses to 18 through the control system of the laser 5, and perform laser shock treatment.
激光器发射出的激光经过光路转换装置中平面镜的反射以及凸透镜的折射，穿过水层照射到黑色涂层上，从而在缺口铜薄膜试件表面上产生冲击压力，极大地改善了材料的抗疲劳性能。激光冲击处理后继续进行最大主应力为140MPa的脉动循环，直至试件断裂。试验结果显示：铜薄膜缺口试件循环至52292才断裂，已知该缺口试件的原始寿命为10322，由此可知该损伤程度为40％的铜薄膜缺口试件经激光冲击处理后残余疲劳寿命提高了5.1倍。The laser light emitted by the laser is reflected by the plane mirror in the optical path conversion device and refracted by the convex lens, and passes through the water layer to irradiate the black coating, thereby generating impact pressure on the surface of the notched copper film test piece, which greatly improves the fatigue resistance of the material performance. After the laser shock treatment, the pulsating cycle with a maximum principal stress of 140MPa was continued until the specimen fractured. The test results show that the notched copper film specimen does not break until 52292 cycles, and the original life of the notched specimen is known to be 10322, so it can be known that the copper film notched specimen with a damage degree of 40% has a residual fatigue life after laser shock treatment Increased by 5.1 times.
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| CN103074469A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-05-01 | 北京工业大学 | Laser shock method for healing fatigue damage of polycrystal rolling copper film |
| CN103302399A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-09-18 | 江苏大学 | Micro-leveling device based on high-energy pulse laser power effect and method thereof |
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| CN103487898A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2014-01-01 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Optical path switching module and optical fiber coupling connector |
| CN103074469A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-05-01 | 北京工业大学 | Laser shock method for healing fatigue damage of polycrystal rolling copper film |
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