CN104073611B - A kind of teeth preparation method - Google Patents
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- CN104073611B CN104073611B CN201410307748.6A CN201410307748A CN104073611B CN 104073611 B CN104073611 B CN 104073611B CN 201410307748 A CN201410307748 A CN 201410307748A CN 104073611 B CN104073611 B CN 104073611B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-NJFSPNSNSA-N oxygen-18 atom Chemical compound [18O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 13
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 108010038629 Molybdoferredoxin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Mo] Chemical compound [Fe].[Mo] HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000000332 tooth crown Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 even tissue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A kind of teeth preparation method, the steps include: 1) selection；2) raw material is put into intermediate frequency furnace and carry out melting；3) casting mold in pouring molten steel to plycast is made teeth；4), after teeth cooling, excise rising head, cast gate, and clear up polishing；5) after teeth entirety normalizing, being tempered, air cooling of coming out of the stove；6), by teeth crown impewdance matching, after held for some time, water-cooled is carried out；7) teeth is tempered, after held for some time, air cooling of coming out of the stove, complete the preparation of teeth.The teeth obtained by the method for the invention, its overall composition and even tissue, crystal grain is tiny, has both made teeth have high combination of strength and toughness, good tissue is provided again for follow-up impewdance matching, and use crown impewdance matching, and make crown have high hardness and wearability, impewdance matching crown programming rate is fast simultaneously, crystal grain is more tiny than the crystal grain that existing chamber type electric resistance furnace heating obtains, not only wearability is good, and obdurability is the highest, effectively extends the service life of teeth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering excavation machine part technical field, be specifically related to the teeth preparation side of a kind of engineering excavation machine
Method.
Background technology
Teeth is excavator key accessory, domestic annual requirement about 150,000 tons, and teeth is by crown and tooth root two parts structure
Become.During excavator work, tip portions withstands shocks abrasive wear, need to possess higher hardness and wearability；Root portions leads to
Cross pivot pin to be connected with excavator toothholder, bear bigger bending load, need higher intensity and toughness.Therefore the crown of teeth is wanted
There is high-wearing feature and tooth root has high obdurability, it is achieved wearability and the cooperation of obdurability.
It mostly is potassium steel and low-carbon alloy steel for preparing the material used by teeth.Potassium steel obdurability is high, but hardness is low,
Wear no resistance, and steel alloy prepares teeth Technology for Heating Processing frequently with integral quenching, crown and root portions hardness, intensity, tough
Property is identical, it is ensured that the wearability of crown, and it cannot be guaranteed that the toughness reguirements of height of teeth root, and easily occur that teeth early fracture loses
Effect, also because of that, teeth carbon content is generally less than 0.35%, and teeth hardness is the highest.
The Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN102400051A discloses a kind of teeth and preparation method thereof, this teeth
Composition be C:0.29～0.33, Mn:0.9～1.4, Si:0.8～1.2, Cr:1.4～1.7, B:0.001～
0.005, Al:0.02～0.06, surplus are Fe.900 DEG C of quenchings, be incubated 2～4h, 220～250 DEG C of tempering, be incubated 2～
4h, hardness ＞ HB447.
The Chinese invention patent of publication number CN101397632A discloses a kind of multielement low-alloy water quenching abrasion resistant steel, and it becomes
Be divided into C:0.28～0.34, Si:0.8～1.2, Mn:1.2～1.7, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Cr:1.0～
1.5, Mo:0.25～0.35, Ti:0.05～0.08, V:0.1～0.12, surplus is Fe.Heat treatment 1000～1050
DEG C quenching, be incubated 3h, shrend；150～200 DEG C of tempering, insulation 3h, hardness ＞ HB500, impact flexibility α k are 20J/cm2。
Above-mentioned two patent is all to use integral quenching method, crown and the same hardness of tooth root, intensity, it is ensured that crown has height
Wearability, but tooth root hardness (＞ HB447, ＞ HB500), during teeth uses, owing to hardness is the highest, tooth root position is easy
Fracture failure.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to above-mentioned existing problems and deficiency, it is provided that a kind of crown has high wearability and tooth
Root has high combination of strength and toughness, thus effectively extends the teeth preparation method in the service life of teeth.
The technical scheme is that and be achieved in that:
Teeth preparation method of the present invention, is characterized in comprising the steps:
1) selection；
2) raw material chosen is put into intermediate frequency furnace and carries out melting, and use precipitation desoxydation and diffusion heavy oxygen that melt is taken off
Gas deslagging refining, molten steel tapping temperature 1600～1650 DEG C；
3) casting mold in pouring molten steel to plycast is made teeth, shell mould temperature ＜ 100 DEG C, pouring temperature 1460～
1530℃；
4) after teeth cools down, excise rising head, cast gate, and clear up polishing；
5) by after teeth entirety normalizing, tempering, air cooling of coming out of the stove, wherein normalizing temperature is 860～960 DEG C, and temperature is
600～650 DEG C；
6) using induction generator to teeth crown impewdance matching, hardening heat is 850～920 DEG C, is incubated 10～15s
After, carry out water-cooled；
7) being tempered by teeth, temperature is 200～250 DEG C, after insulation 4～6h, and air cooling of coming out of the stove, i.e. complete the system of teeth
Standby, the hardness of this teeth tooth root is HB200～280, and impact flexibility is α ku >=35J/cm2, the hardness >=HRC50 of teeth crown.
Wherein, above-mentioned raw material uses low-alloy steel, and the C content in described low-alloy steel is 0.35～0.48, Cr,
The total amount of Mo, Ni, Mn, Si alloying element is less than 4, and wherein Mn content is not less than 0.4, and Si content is not less than 0.4, surplus
For Fe, above percentage ratio is all weight percentage.
Above-mentioned steps 5) and step 7) in, the normalizing of teeth, tempering, when temperature less than 650 DEG C time, programming rate be less than 80
DEG C/h, and 650 DEG C be incubated at least 1 hour；When temperature is more than 650 DEG C, programming rate is less than 100 DEG C/h, and normalizing, tempering guarantor
The temperature time is incubated 1 hour by every 20mm casting thickness.
Above-mentioned steps 6) in, the frequency of induction generator is more than 2500HZ.
Above-mentioned steps 6) in, the teeth crown monolateral through hardening layer depth of impewdance matching is not less than the 1/4 of teeth thickness.
Above-mentioned steps 6) in, the cooling water temperature that water-cooled is used is not higher than 38 DEG C.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantage that
1, the raw material that the present invention uses is the most conventional production dipper tooth material low-alloy steel, draws materials conveniently；
2, the present invention uses overall normalizing+high tempering Technology for Heating Processing, and teeth entirety composition, even tissue, crystal grain is thin
Little, it is ensured that teeth has high combination of strength and toughness, provides good tissue for follow-up impewdance matching simultaneously；
3, the present invention uses crown impewdance matching, it is ensured that crown has high hardness and wearability, simultaneously impewdance matching
Crown programming rate is fast, and crystal grain is more tiny than the crystal grain that existing chamber type electric resistance furnace heating obtains, and not only wearability is good, obdurability
The highest；
4, using the preparation method of the present invention, teeth carbon content can be up to 0.35～0.48, teeth crown high frequency sense
After should quenching, hardness is high, and wearability is more preferable.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the teeth crown impewdance matching schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
Teeth thickness 120mm, in raw material the percentage by weight of each composition be C:0.39, Cr:1, Mn:0.6,
Si:0.6, Mo:0.2, Ni:0.2.By alloy composition requirement, by raw materials such as steel scrap, low-carbon ferrochromium, molybdenum-iron, ferrosilicon
Loading in intermediate frequency furnace, intensification melting, smelting temperature 1580 DEG C, casting mold uses plycast, comes out of the stove and be cooled to 100 after roasting
Pour steel below DEG C, pouring temperature 1520 DEG C；After teeth cooling, excise rising head, cast gate, cleaning polishing；Heat treatment is just using
Fire 920 DEG C, is incubated 6h；Temperature 610 DEG C, is incubated 6h, air cooling of coming out of the stove；Crown uses impewdance matching, as it is shown in figure 1, sensing
The induction coil 2 of generator 1 is looped around on the crown 3 of teeth, induction frequencies 3000HZ, temperature 910 DEG C, insulation 14s, shrend,
Through hardening layer thickness 35mm；230 DEG C of lonneals, are incubated 6h, air cooling of coming out of the stove.Following table is present invention process and the most conventional low-carbon (LC)
Steel alloy whole heat treatment process performance comparison:
As can be seen from the above table, integral quenching+tempering process that tradition is conventional is organized as tempered martensite, tooth root and crown
Hardness is almost consistent, and owing to this preparation method tooth root hardness is high, impact flexibility is low, and teeth fracture tendency is big, and fracture rate reaches
10.And use present invention process, tooth root 4 have employed normalizing+tempering process, and toughness is high, teeth fracture tendency as little as 0.1,
And by normalizing+high tempering, providing uniform formation and composition for crown impewdance matching, crown 3 is by sensing heating, water
Quench, lonneal, owing to sensing heat temperature raising speed is fast, crystal grain refines, crown hardness more traditional chamber type electric resistance furnace heat treatment
Height, its wearability improves 20.
Embodiment 2:
Teeth thickness 100mm, in raw material the percentage by weight of each composition be C:0.40, Cr:1, Mn:0.6,
Si:0.6, Mo:0.15, Ni:0.15.By alloy composition requirement, by former materials such as steel scrap, low-carbon ferrochromium, molybdenum-iron, ferrosilicon
Material loads in intermediate frequency furnace, intensification melting, smelting temperature 1560 DEG C, and casting mold uses plycast, comes out of the stove and be cooled to after roasting
Less than 100 DEG C pour steels, pouring temperature 1500 DEG C；After teeth cooling, excise rising head, cast gate, cleaning polishing；Heat treatment uses
Normalizing 890 DEG C, is incubated 5h；Temperature 625 DEG C, is incubated 5h, air cooling of coming out of the stove；Crown uses impewdance matching, as it is shown in figure 1, sense
The induction coil 2 answering generator 1 is looped around on the crown 3 of teeth, induction frequencies 3500HZ, temperature 870 DEG C, is incubated 13s, water
Quench, through hardening layer thickness 27mm；225 DEG C of lonneals, are incubated 5h, air cooling of coming out of the stove.Following table is present invention process and commonly uses at present
Low-carbon alloy steel whole heat treatment process performance comparison:
As can be seen from the above table, integral quenching+tempering process that tradition is conventional is organized as tempered martensite, tooth root and crown
Hardness is almost consistent, and owing to this preparation method tooth root hardness is high, impact flexibility is low, and teeth fracture tendency is big, and fracture rate reaches
10.And use present invention process, tooth root 4 have employed normalizing+tempering process, and toughness is high, teeth fracture tendency as little as 0.11,
And by normalizing+high tempering, providing uniform formation and composition for crown impewdance matching, crown 3 is by sensing heating, water
Quench, lonneal, owing to sensing heat temperature raising speed is fast, crystal grain refines, crown hardness more traditional chamber type electric resistance furnace heat treatment
Height, its wearability improves 30.
Embodiment 3:
Teeth thickness 80mm, in raw material the percentage by weight of each composition be C:0.45, Cr:1, Mn:0.6,
Si:0.6, Mo:0.1, Ni:0.1.By alloy composition requirement, by raw materials such as steel scrap, low-carbon ferrochromium, molybdenum-iron, ferrosilicon
Loading in intermediate frequency furnace, intensification melting, smelting temperature 1550 DEG C, casting mold uses plycast, comes out of the stove and be cooled to 100 after roasting
Pour steel below DEG C, pouring temperature 1480 DEG C；After teeth cooling, excise rising head, cast gate, cleaning polishing；Heat treatment is just using
Fire 880 DEG C, is incubated 4h；Temperature 640 DEG C, is incubated 4h, air cooling of coming out of the stove；Crown uses impewdance matching, as it is shown in figure 1, sensing
The induction coil 2 of generator 1 is looped around on the crown 3 of teeth, induction frequencies 4000HZ, temperature 860 DEG C, insulation 12s, shrend,
Through hardening layer thickness 22mm；240 DEG C of lonneals, are incubated 4h, air cooling of coming out of the stove.Following table is to select this technique of material and commonly use at present
Low-carbon alloy steel whole heat treatment process performance comparison:
As can be seen from the above table, integral quenching+tempering process that tradition is conventional is organized as tempered martensite, tooth root and crown
Hardness is almost consistent, and owing to this preparation method tooth root hardness is high, impact flexibility is low, and teeth fracture tendency is big, and fracture rate reaches
10.And use present invention process, tooth root 4 have employed normalizing+tempering process, and toughness is high, teeth fracture tendency as little as 0.12,
And by normalizing+high tempering, providing uniform formation and composition for crown impewdance matching, crown 3 is by sensing heating, water
Quench, lonneal, owing to sensing heat temperature raising speed is fast, crystal grain refines, crown hardness more traditional chamber type electric resistance furnace heat treatment
Height, its wearability improves 40.
The present invention is described by embodiment, but does not limit the invention, with reference to description of the invention, institute
Other changes of disclosed embodiment, as the professional person for this area is readily apparent that, such change should belong to
Within the scope of the claims in the present invention limit.
Claims (3)
1. a teeth preparation method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
1) selection；
2) raw material chosen is put into intermediate frequency furnace and carries out melting, and use precipitation desoxydation and diffusion heavy oxygen that melt degassing is removed
Slag refine, molten steel tapping temperature 1600～1650 DEG C；
3) casting mold in pouring molten steel to plycast is made teeth, shell mould temperature ＜ 100 DEG C, pouring temperature 1460～1530 DEG C；
4) after teeth cools down, excise rising head, cast gate, and clear up polishing；
5) will teeth entirety normalizing, tempering after, air cooling of coming out of the stove, wherein normalizing temperature is 860～960 DEG C, temperature be 600～
650℃；
6) using induction generator to teeth crown impewdance matching, hardening heat is 850～920 DEG C, after insulation 10～15s, enters
Row water-cooled；Wherein, the frequency of induction generator is more than 2500Hz, and the teeth crown monolateral through hardening layer depth of impewdance matching is not less than
The 1/4 of teeth thickness, the cooling water temperature that water-cooled is used is not higher than 38 DEG C；
7) being tempered by teeth, temperature is 200～250 DEG C, after insulation 4～6h, and air cooling of coming out of the stove, i.e. complete the preparation of teeth,
The hardness of this teeth tooth root is HB200～280, and impact flexibility is α ku >=35J/cm2, the hardness >=HRC50 of teeth crown.
Teeth preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned raw material uses low-alloy steel, described low
C content in steel alloy is 0.35～0.48, and the total amount of Cr, Mo, Ni, Mn, Si alloying element is less than 4, wherein Mn content
Not less than 0.4, Si content is not less than 0.4, and surplus is Fe, and above percentage ratio is all weight percentage.
Teeth preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned steps 5) and step 7) in, teeth is just
Fire, tempering, when temperature is less than 650 DEG C, programming rate is less than 80 DEG C/h, and 650 DEG C are incubated at least 1 hour；When temperature is more than
When 650 DEG C, programming rate is less than 100 DEG C/h, and normalizing, tempering insulation time were by every 20mm casting thickness insulation 1 hour.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104532899B (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2017-06-06 | 西安理工大学 | Teeth and preparation method thereof |
| CN105316586A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-10 | 安徽省三方新材料科技有限公司 | High manganese steel lining plate for hard rock crusher and preparing method for high manganese steel lining plate |
| CN105369143A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-03-02 | 安徽省三方新材料科技有限公司 | Chrome, molybdenum and nickel alloy steel shovel tooth and preparing method thereof |
| CN115029615A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-09-09 | 江苏中兴蓝光科技咨询有限公司 | Manufacturing process of cutting pick for coal mining heading machine |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002235144A (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2002-08-23 | Komatsu Ltd | Wear resistant high strength steel, cutting edge, bucket tooth and bucket lip |
| CN101397632B (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-12-22 | 郭玉宝 | Multielement low-alloy water quenching abrasion resistant steel |
| CN102010964A (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2011-04-13 | 柳州市友军机械配件铸造有限公司 | Heating treatment technology for low-alloy bucket lip mesh tape |
| CN102152078A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-08-17 | 浙江迪特高强度螺栓有限公司 | Processing technique for high-strength bolt adopted by bulldozer or excavator pedrail |
| CN102925819A (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2013-02-13 | 王军祥 | High-toughness wear-resistant multiphase steel pick and manufacturing process |
| CN102400051B (en) * | 2011-11-13 | 2013-06-12 | 宁波嘉达精密铸造有限公司 | Relieved tooth and preparation method thereof |
| CN202925597U (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-05-08 | 宜都市万鑫精密铸造有限公司 | Bucket tooth for excavator |
| CN103834789A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-06-04 | 大连乾宝铸铁有限公司 | Heat treatment process for gear |
| CN103785817B (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2016-01-20 | 佳木斯大学 | A kind of production method of biliquid metal composite casting teeth |
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