CN104071925A - A zero-discharge treatment system and method for nickel-plating wastewater in a steel workshop - Google Patents
A zero-discharge treatment system and method for nickel-plating wastewater in a steel workshop Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于污水处理系统技术领域,特别涉及一种钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放处理系统及方法。 The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment systems, and in particular relates to a zero-discharge treatment system and method for nickel-plating wastewater in iron and steel workshops.
背景技术 Background technique
在钢铁表面镀镍的工艺主要包括三个步骤,一是前处理工艺,主要用于清洁和活化金属表面,其常用到光亮剂、络合剂和缓蚀剂等;二是电镀镍工艺,电镀过程中的电镀溶液主要由主盐、络合剂、导电盐、缓冲剂、阳极活化剂和添加剂等组成,其中主盐一般为硫酸镍;三是后处理工艺,主要包括清洗及干燥工作。在整个生产过程中,前处理阶段和镀镍之后的工件都需要用水冲洗镀件,由此形成镀镍废水。 The process of nickel plating on the steel surface mainly includes three steps. One is the pretreatment process, which is mainly used to clean and activate the metal surface. It is commonly used in brighteners, complexing agents and corrosion inhibitors, etc.; The electroplating solution in the electroplating solution is mainly composed of main salt, complexing agent, conductive salt, buffer, anode activator and additives, among which the main salt is generally nickel sulfate; the third is the post-treatment process, which mainly includes cleaning and drying. In the whole production process, the workpieces in the pretreatment stage and after nickel plating need to be rinsed with water, thus forming nickel plating wastewater.
镀镍废水中的镍是一种致癌物质,如果该镀镍废水不加处理就任意排放,不仅会造成资源浪费,还会对环境和人体健康造成严重的危害。 Nickel in nickel-plating wastewater is a carcinogen. If the nickel-plating wastewater is discharged without treatment, it will not only cause waste of resources, but also cause serious harm to the environment and human health.
此外,水作为一种越来越稀缺的资源,若能将钢铁车间的镀镍废水进行零排放处理,使其能够回收再利用,那无疑能够为环保事业做出一定的贡献。 In addition, water is an increasingly scarce resource. If the nickel-plating wastewater in steel workshops can be treated with zero discharge so that it can be recycled and reused, it will undoubtedly make a certain contribution to the cause of environmental protection.
有鉴于此,确有必要提供一种钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放处理系统及方法,以使钢铁车间排出的镀镍废水能够达到零排放标准,以避免对环境和人体健康造成危害,并使得钢铁车间的镀镍废水能够被有效的回收利用。 In view of this, it is necessary to provide a zero-discharge treatment system and method for nickel-plating waste water in steel workshops, so that the nickel-plating wastewater discharged from steel workshops can reach zero discharge standards, so as to avoid harm to the environment and human health, and The nickel-plating waste water in the iron and steel workshop can be effectively recycled. the
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的之一在于:针对现有技术的不足, 而提供一种钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放处理系统,以使钢铁车间排出的镀镍废水能够达到零排放标准,以避免对环境和人体健康造成危害,并使得钢铁车间的镀镍废水能够被有效的回收利用。 One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a zero-discharge treatment system for nickel-plating waste water in iron and steel workshops, so that the nickel-plating waste water discharged from iron and steel workshops can reach the zero-discharge standard to avoid environmental pollution. and human health, and enables the nickel-plating wastewater in steel workshops to be effectively recycled. the
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用如下技术方案: In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放处理系统,包括收集曝气水箱、反应曝气水箱、浓缩水箱、管式膜过滤系统、活性炭过滤器、回调曝气水箱、保安过滤器、一级RO系统、浓水箱、二级RO系统、淡水箱、出水泵和板框压滤机,所述收集曝气水箱的出口与所述反应曝气水箱的入口连接,所述反应曝气水箱的出口与所述浓缩水箱的废水入口连接,所述浓缩水箱的液体出口与所述管式膜过滤系统的入口连接,所述浓缩水箱的固体出口与所述板框压滤机的入口连接,所述板框压滤机的滤液出口与所述收集曝气水箱的入口连接,所述管式膜过滤系统的产水出口与所述活性炭过滤器连接,所述管式膜过滤系统的浓水出口与所述浓缩水箱的浓水入口连接,所述活性炭过滤器的出口与所述回调曝气水箱的入口连接,所述回调曝气水箱的出口与所述保安过滤器的入口连接,所述保安过滤器的出口通过一级高压泵与所述一级RO系统的入口连接,所述一级RO系统的浓水出口与所述浓水箱的入口连接,所述浓水箱的出口通过二级高压泵与所述二级RO系统的入口连接,所述二级RO系统的浓水出口与所述收集曝气水箱的入口连接,所述反应曝气水箱还连接有加碱装置,所述回调曝气水箱还连接有加酸装置。 A zero-discharge treatment system for nickel-plating wastewater in a steel workshop, including a collection aeration water tank, a reaction aeration water tank, a concentrated water tank, a tubular membrane filtration system, an activated carbon filter, a callback aeration water tank, a security filter, and a first-stage RO system, concentrated water tank, secondary RO system, fresh water tank, outlet pump and plate-and-frame filter press, the outlet of the collection aeration water tank is connected to the inlet of the reaction aeration water tank, and the outlet of the reaction aeration water tank is connected to the The waste water inlet of the concentrated water tank is connected, the liquid outlet of the concentrated water tank is connected with the inlet of the tubular membrane filtration system, the solid outlet of the concentrated water tank is connected with the inlet of the plate and frame filter press, and the plate The filtrate outlet of the frame filter press is connected to the inlet of the collecting aeration water tank, the produced water outlet of the tubular membrane filtration system is connected to the activated carbon filter, and the concentrated water outlet of the tubular membrane filtration system is connected to the The concentrated water inlet of the concentrated water tank is connected, the outlet of the activated carbon filter is connected with the inlet of the callback aeration water tank, the outlet of the callback aeration water tank is connected with the inlet of the security filter, and the security filter The outlet of the first-stage RO system is connected to the inlet of the first-stage RO system through a primary high-pressure pump, the concentrated water outlet of the primary RO system is connected to the inlet of the concentrated water tank, and the outlet of the concentrated water tank is connected to the secondary high-pressure pump. The inlet of the secondary RO system is connected, the concentrated water outlet of the secondary RO system is connected to the inlet of the collection aeration water tank, the reaction aeration water tank is also connected with an alkali addition device, and the callback aeration water tank is also connected There is an acid adding device connected.
作为本发明钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放处理系统的一种改进,所述处理系统还包括淡水箱,所述一级RO系统的产水出口和所述二级RO系统的产水出口均与所述淡水箱的入口连接。 As an improvement of the zero-discharge treatment system for nickel-plating wastewater in iron and steel workshops in the present invention, the treatment system also includes a fresh water tank, and the water production outlet of the first-level RO system and the water production outlet of the second-level RO system are both Connect with the inlet of the fresh water tank.
作为本发明钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放处理系统的一种改进,所述收集曝气水箱和所述反应曝气水箱之间设置有第一提升泵。 As an improvement of the zero discharge treatment system for nickel-plating wastewater in iron and steel workshops of the present invention, a first lift pump is arranged between the collection aeration water tank and the reaction aeration water tank.
作为本发明钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放处理系统的一种改进,所述反应曝气水箱和所述浓缩水箱的废水入口之间设置有第二提升泵。 As an improvement of the zero-discharge treatment system for nickel-plating wastewater in iron and steel workshops of the present invention, a second lift pump is arranged between the wastewater inlet of the reaction aeration water tank and the concentrated water tank.
作为本发明钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放处理系统的一种改进,所述浓缩水箱的液体出口和所述管式膜过滤系统之间设置有循环泵。 As an improvement of the zero-discharge treatment system for nickel-plating wastewater in iron and steel workshops of the present invention, a circulating pump is arranged between the liquid outlet of the concentrated water tank and the tubular membrane filtration system.
作为本发明钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放处理系统的一种改进,所述浓缩水箱的固体出口与所述板框压滤机的入口之间设置有污泥压滤泵。 As an improvement of the zero-discharge treatment system for nickel-plating wastewater in iron and steel workshops of the present invention, a sludge filter press pump is arranged between the solid outlet of the concentrated water tank and the inlet of the plate and frame filter press.
作为本发明钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放处理系统的一种改进,所述管式膜过滤系统包括箱体、微孔滤膜、水洗装置和药洗装置,所述微孔滤膜、所述水洗装置和所述药洗装置均设置于所述箱体内。 As an improvement of the zero-discharge treatment system for nickel-plating wastewater in iron and steel workshops of the present invention, the tubular membrane filtration system includes a box body, a microporous membrane, a water washing device and a medicine washing device, the microporous membrane, the The water washing device and the medicine washing device are both arranged in the box.
作为本发明钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放处理系统的一种改进,所述一级RO系统和所述二级RO系统内均设置有清洗装置。 As an improvement of the zero-discharge treatment system for nickel-plating wastewater in iron and steel workshops of the present invention, both the primary RO system and the secondary RO system are provided with cleaning devices.
作为本发明钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放处理系统的一种改进,所述处理系统还包括PLC控制系统和与所述PLC控制系统连接的触摸屏。 As an improvement of the zero-discharge treatment system for nickel-plating wastewater in iron and steel workshops of the present invention, the treatment system further includes a PLC control system and a touch screen connected to the PLC control system.
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种利用本发明的系统对钢铁车间的镀镍废水进行零排放处理的方法,其包括以下步骤: Another object of the present invention is to provide a method utilizing the system of the present invention to carry out zero-discharge treatment of nickel-plating waste water in iron and steel workshops, comprising the following steps:
第一步,废水先收集至收集曝气水箱中缓存,然后打入反应曝气水箱中,然后从加碱装置中向反应曝气水箱中加入碱溶液,使废水中的污染物与碱反应后生成固体沉淀; In the first step, the waste water is first collected in the collection aeration water tank for buffering, and then poured into the reaction aeration water tank, and then the alkali solution is added to the reaction aeration water tank from the alkali adding device to make the pollutants in the waste water react with the alkali generate solid precipitates;
第二步,包含该固体沉淀的废水被打入浓缩水箱中,在浓缩水箱中,固体颗粒物沉淀下来,使得其内的废水分成上层清液和下层沉淀,其中的上层清夜打入管式膜过滤系统中,而下层沉淀则压至板框压滤机进行压滤,压滤后的污泥外运出去,形成的滤液则进入收集曝气水箱; In the second step, the waste water containing the solid precipitation is pumped into the concentrated water tank, and the solid particles are precipitated in the concentrated water tank, so that the waste water in it is divided into a supernatant liquid and a lower layer sediment, and the upper clear liquid is pumped into a tubular membrane filter In the system, the sediment in the lower layer is pressed to the plate and frame filter press for pressure filtration, the filtered sludge is transported out, and the formed filtrate enters the collection aeration water tank;
第三步,上层清液在管式膜过滤系统中不断浓缩,使得含有固体沉淀的浓水与产水分离,浓水回流至浓缩水箱,产水则经过活性炭过滤器后进入到回调曝气水箱,然后从加酸装置向回调曝气水箱中加入酸溶液,调节pH至中性后进入保安过滤器; In the third step, the supernatant is continuously concentrated in the tubular membrane filtration system, so that the concentrated water containing solid precipitation is separated from the product water. , and then add acid solution from the acid adding device to the callback aeration water tank, adjust the pH to neutral and then enter the security filter;
第四步,从保安过滤器中流出的水通过一级高压泵泵入一级RO系统中,从一级RO系统中出来的产水可直接利用,而浓水则进入到浓水箱中; In the fourth step, the water flowing out of the security filter is pumped into the first-level RO system through the first-level high-pressure pump, and the produced water from the first-level RO system can be directly used, while the concentrated water enters the concentrated water tank;
第五步,第二高压泵将浓水箱中的水泵入二级RO系统中,从二级RO系统中出来的产水可直接利用,而浓水则回流至收集曝气水箱中。 In the fifth step, the second high-pressure pump pumps the water in the concentrated water tank into the secondary RO system. The produced water from the secondary RO system can be used directly, while the concentrated water is returned to the collection aeration water tank.
相对于现有技术,本发明首先通过向废水中加入碱来进行化学预处理,使得镍、铜、锌等金属离子变成沉淀,然后通过使用管式膜过滤系统来过滤经过化学预处理的废水,使得沉淀污泥经过板框压滤机后外运出去,从而可以很好地清除钢铁车间的镀镍废水中的镍、铜、锌等金属离子,而且在整个过滤过程中无需再另设沉降池,也无需使用聚凝剂(PAM),过滤之后的水质清澈、很少夹带微细的悬浮物,不用砂炭和超滤就可将废水中的SDI降至1-3之间,因此可以做到达标排放。此外,管式膜过滤系统中的微孔滤膜可以承受酸性、碱性、漂白和氧化药剂的清洗,因此,管式膜过滤系统具有较长的使用寿命,通常使用寿命为3~5年。 Compared with the prior art, the present invention firstly carries out chemical pretreatment by adding alkali to wastewater, so that metal ions such as nickel, copper, zinc become precipitates, and then filters the chemically pretreated wastewater by using a tubular membrane filtration system , so that the precipitated sludge is transported out after passing through the plate and frame filter press, so that metal ions such as nickel, copper, and zinc in the nickel-plating wastewater in the iron and steel workshop can be well removed, and no additional sedimentation is required during the entire filtration process pool, and there is no need to use coagulant (PAM), the water after filtration is clear and rarely contains fine suspended matter, and the SDI in wastewater can be reduced to between 1-3 without sand carbon and ultrafiltration, so it can be done Reach the standard discharge. In addition, the microporous membrane in the tubular membrane filtration system can withstand the cleaning of acidic, alkaline, bleaching and oxidizing agents. Therefore, the tubular membrane filtration system has a long service life, usually 3 to 5 years.
而且,本发明中的活性炭过滤器能降低水中的COD、吸附胶体和颗粒物杂质,从而进一步清除废水中的不宜排放的物质,使得从钢铁车间排放出的镀镍废水变成符合标准的水。 Moreover, the activated carbon filter in the present invention can reduce COD, adsorb colloids and particulate impurities in the water, thereby further removing substances that are not suitable for discharge in the waste water, so that the nickel plating waste water discharged from the iron and steel workshop becomes standard water.
在回调曝气水箱之后设置保安过滤器、一级RO系统、浓水箱和二级RO系统,可以实现钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放,这是因为,保安过滤器可以清除水中遗留的颗粒物杂质,以保证一级RO系统和二级RO系统的正常运行,一级RO系统和二级RO系统利用反渗透法,通过反渗透膜可将溶质(离子、分子)与水分离,两级RO系统的联用能把经过管式膜过滤系统处理后的废水中遗留的镍、铜等金属离子清除,从而实现零排放。 Set up a security filter, a primary RO system, a concentrated water tank and a secondary RO system after calling back the aeration water tank to achieve zero discharge of nickel-plating wastewater in the iron and steel workshop, because the security filter can remove particulate impurities left in the water , to ensure the normal operation of the first-level RO system and the second-level RO system. The first-level RO system and the second-level RO system use reverse osmosis to separate the solute (ions, molecules) from water through the reverse osmosis membrane. The two-level RO system The combined use can remove nickel, copper and other metal ions left in the wastewater treated by the tubular membrane filtration system, so as to achieve zero discharge.
与传统的离子交换树脂相比,RO系统具有如下优点:不需酸、碱再生,从而可以节约大量酸、碱和清洗用水,大大降低劳动强度,且无废酸废碱液排放,因此可较好的保证清洁生产;可以做到长时间连续供水;占地面积极小(不到传统工艺1/4) ,操作简单。 Compared with the traditional ion exchange resin, the RO system has the following advantages: no acid and alkali regeneration is required, which can save a lot of acid, alkali and cleaning water, greatly reduce labor intensity, and there is no waste acid and waste alkali discharge, so it can be compared It guarantees clean production; it can supply water continuously for a long time; it occupies a very small area (less than 1/4 of the traditional process), and it is easy to operate.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1 为本发明的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
图2 为本发明中管式膜过滤系统的结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is the structural representation of tubular membrane filtration system in the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施方式和说明书附图,对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。 The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
如图1所示,本发明提供的一种钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放处理系统,包括收集曝气水箱1、反应曝气水箱2、浓缩水箱3、管式膜过滤系统4、活性炭过滤器5、回调曝气水箱6、保安过滤器7、一级RO系统8、浓水箱9、二级RO系统10和板框压滤机11,收集曝气水箱1的出口与反应曝气水箱2的入口连接,反应曝气水箱2的出口与浓缩水箱3的废水入口连接,浓缩水箱3的水出口与管式膜过滤系统4的入口连接,浓缩水箱3的固体出口与板框压滤机11的入口连接,板框压滤机11的滤液出口与收集曝气水箱1的入口连接,管式膜过滤系统4的产水出口与活性炭过滤器5连接,管式膜过滤系统4的浓水出口与浓缩水箱3的浓水入口连接,活性炭过滤器5的出口与回调曝气水箱6的入口连接,回调曝气水箱6的出口与保安过滤器7的入口连接,保安过滤器7的出口通过一级高压泵12与一级RO系统8的入口连接,一级RO系统8的浓水出口与浓水箱9的入口连接,浓水箱9的出口通过二级高压泵13与二级RO系统10的入口连接,二级RO系统10的浓水出口与收集曝气水箱的1入口连接,反应曝气水箱2还连接有加碱装置21,回调曝气水箱6还连接有加酸装置14。 As shown in Figure 1, a zero-discharge treatment system for nickel-plating wastewater in a steel workshop provided by the present invention includes a collection aeration water tank 1, a reaction aeration water tank 2, a concentrated water tank 3, a tubular membrane filtration system 4, and activated carbon filtration Device 5, callback aeration water tank 6, security filter 7, primary RO system 8, concentrated water tank 9, secondary RO system 10 and plate and frame filter press 11, collecting the outlet of aeration water tank 1 and reaction aeration water tank 2 The inlet of the reaction aeration water tank 2 is connected to the waste water inlet of the concentrated water tank 3, the water outlet of the concentrated water tank 3 is connected to the inlet of the tubular membrane filtration system 4, and the solid outlet of the concentrated water tank 3 is connected to the plate and frame filter press 11 The inlet of the plate and frame filter press 11 is connected to the inlet of the collection aeration water tank 1, the water outlet of the tubular membrane filtration system 4 is connected to the activated carbon filter 5, and the concentrated water outlet of the tubular membrane filtration system 4 It is connected with the concentrated water inlet of the concentrated water tank 3, the outlet of the activated carbon filter 5 is connected with the inlet of the callback aeration water tank 6, the outlet of the callback aeration water tank 6 is connected with the inlet of the security filter 7, and the outlet of the security filter 7 passes through a The first-stage high-pressure pump 12 is connected to the inlet of the first-stage RO system 8, the concentrated water outlet of the first-stage RO system 8 is connected to the inlet of the concentrated water tank 9, and the outlet of the concentrated water tank 9 passes through the second-stage high-pressure pump 13 and the inlet of the second-stage RO system 10 Connection, the concentrated water outlet of the secondary RO system 10 is connected to the inlet 1 of the collection aeration water tank, the reaction aeration water tank 2 is also connected to the alkali adding device 21, and the callback aeration water tank 6 is also connected to the acid adding device 14.
其中,保安过滤器7又叫精密过滤装置,其内部装PP棉,PP棉的孔隙为5μm左右,可以去除水中的微小悬浮物、细菌和其他杂质等,使水质达到反渗透膜的要求。 Among them, the security filter 7 is also called a precision filter device, which is filled with PP cotton. The pore size of the PP cotton is about 5 μm, which can remove tiny suspended solids, bacteria and other impurities in the water, so that the water quality can meet the requirements of the reverse osmosis membrane.
其中,处理系统还包括淡水箱15,一级RO系统8的产水出口和二级RO系统10的产水出口均与淡水箱15的入口连接。淡水箱15用于将处理干净的水存储起来,当需要回用至车间时,只需要使用出水泵20将其泵出至车间内需要水的地方即可。 Wherein, the treatment system further includes a fresh water tank 15 , and the water production outlet of the primary RO system 8 and the produced water outlet of the secondary RO system 10 are both connected to the inlet of the fresh water tank 15 . The fresh water tank 15 is used to store the treated clean water. When it needs to be reused in the workshop, it only needs to use the water outlet pump 20 to pump it out to the place where water is needed in the workshop.
收集曝气水箱1和反应曝气水箱2之间设置有第一提升泵16,用于将废水从收集曝气水箱1中泵入反应曝气水箱2中。 A first lift pump 16 is arranged between the collection aeration water tank 1 and the reaction aeration water tank 2 for pumping wastewater from the collection aeration water tank 1 into the reaction aeration water tank 2 .
反应曝气水箱2和浓缩水箱3的废水入口之间设置有第二提升泵17,用于将与碱反应后的废水从反应曝气水箱2中泵入浓缩水箱3中进行静置分层,使得固体沉淀与上层清液分离开来。 A second lift pump 17 is arranged between the waste water inlet of the reaction aeration water tank 2 and the concentration water tank 3, and is used to pump the waste water reacted with the alkali into the concentration water tank 3 from the reaction aeration water tank 2 for static stratification, The solid precipitate was allowed to separate from the supernatant.
浓缩水箱3的液体出口和管式膜过滤系统4之间设置有循环泵18,用于将浓缩水箱3中的上层清液泵入管式膜过滤系统4中进行微滤。浓缩水箱3还可以沉淀经管式膜过滤系统4回流的废水中的固体沉淀。 A circulating pump 18 is arranged between the liquid outlet of the concentrated water tank 3 and the tubular membrane filtration system 4 for pumping the supernatant in the concentrated water tank 3 into the tubular membrane filtration system 4 for microfiltration. The concentrated water tank 3 can also precipitate the solid precipitation in the wastewater returned by the tubular membrane filtration system 4 .
浓缩水箱3的固体出口与板框压滤机11的入口之间设置有污泥压滤泵19,用于将浓缩水箱3中的固体沉淀泵入板框压滤机11中进行板压,从而将滤泥与滤液分离开来。 A sludge filter press pump 19 is arranged between the solid outlet of the concentrated water tank 3 and the inlet of the plate and frame filter press 11 to pump the solid sediment in the concentrated water tank 3 into the plate and frame filter press 11 for plate pressure, thereby Separate the filter mud from the filtrate.
如图2所示,管式膜过滤系统4包括箱体41、管式膜42、水洗装置43和药洗装置44,微孔滤膜42、水洗装置43和药洗装置44均设置于箱体41内。 As shown in Figure 2, the tubular membrane filtration system 4 includes a box body 41, a tubular membrane 42, a water washing device 43 and a medicine washing device 44, and the microporous filter membrane 42, the water washing device 43 and the medicine washing device 44 are all arranged in the box body within 41.
管式膜42是由超高分子聚合物制成的多孔膜,其孔径范围为0.1微米,本发明中选用的是PVDF膜或PVDF/HDPE复合膜,其支撑是非常坚固的,耐磨擦、耐高温、pH在0-14间不会降低其截留固体的能力,管式膜42的工作原理是以静压差为推动力,利用膜的“筛分”作用进行分离,其具有比较整齐、均匀的多孔结构,在静压差的作用下,小于膜孔的粒子通过膜,比膜孔大的粒子则被阻挡在膜面上,从而使得大小不同的组分得以分离,实现较为彻底的固液分离。管式膜42结合微絮凝技术,可将废水中的悬浮颗粒、胶体、有机大分子、细菌、微生物等分离出来,使水净化。随着过滤时间的增长,微粒被截留在膜面或膜孔内,形成一层滤饼,为保持一定的流量,势必要增加驱动压力,当压力增加到一定值时,必须用水洗装置43对膜上的截留层进行反洗,洗除膜上的滤饼,恢复滤膜的能力。一般每隔30~60分钟,自动反洗一次,每次反洗时间为60~90秒。 Tubular membrane 42 is a porous membrane made of ultrahigh molecular polymer, and its aperture range is 0.1 micron. What select for use in the present invention is PVDF membrane or PVDF/HDPE composite membrane, and its support is very firm, wear-resistant, High temperature resistance, pH between 0-14 will not reduce its ability to retain solids. The working principle of the tubular membrane 42 is to use the static pressure difference as the driving force, and use the "screening" effect of the membrane to separate. It has a relatively neat, Uniform porous structure, under the action of static pressure difference, the particles smaller than the membrane pores pass through the membrane, and the particles larger than the membrane pores are blocked on the membrane surface, so that the components of different sizes can be separated to achieve a more thorough solidification. liquid separation. Tubular membrane 42 combined with micro-flocculation technology can separate suspended particles, colloids, organic macromolecules, bacteria, microorganisms, etc. in wastewater to purify water. As the filtration time increases, particles are trapped on the membrane surface or in the membrane pores to form a layer of filter cake. In order to maintain a certain flow rate, it is necessary to increase the driving pressure. When the pressure increases to a certain value, the device must be washed with water. The intercepted layer on the membrane is backwashed to wash off the filter cake on the membrane and restore the ability of the filter membrane. Generally, every 30-60 minutes, automatic backwash once, and each backwash time is 60-90 seconds.
经过较长时间的运转,部分水中的污染物或微粒被滤膜吸附较牢,反洗时不能被完全冲掉而积累下来,这时就需要用药洗装置44对其进行化学清洗,使污染物与化学清洗液反应,溶液与膜脱开,再经反洗将其去除,恢复膜的过滤性能,化学清洗的时间间隔一般为10~20天。 After a long period of operation, some pollutants or particles in the water are firmly adsorbed by the filter membrane, and cannot be completely washed away during backwashing and accumulate. React with the chemical cleaning solution, the solution is separated from the membrane, and then removed by backwashing to restore the filtration performance of the membrane. The time interval for chemical cleaning is generally 10 to 20 days.
一级RO系统8和二级RO系统10内均设置有清洗装置。在开机和停机时会自动冲洗膜表面60秒,但当一级RO系统8和二级RO系统10中的反渗透膜上积累了一定的污染物时,会自动启动药洗膜装置,可将膜表面的污染物冲洗干净,延长反渗透膜的寿命。 Both the primary RO system 8 and the secondary RO system 10 are provided with cleaning devices. It will automatically flush the membrane surface for 60 seconds when starting and stopping, but when certain pollutants are accumulated on the reverse osmosis membrane in the primary RO system 8 and secondary RO system 10, it will automatically start the chemical washing membrane device, which can The pollutants on the surface of the membrane are washed away to prolong the life of the reverse osmosis membrane.
一级RO系统的反渗透分离温度为10-50℃,一级高压泵12的压力为1.0-1.8MPa,二级RO系统的反渗透分离温度为10-50℃,二级高压泵12的压力为1.0-1.8MPa,压力过高时通过高压保护装置会自动停机保护。 The reverse osmosis separation temperature of the primary RO system is 10-50°C, the pressure of the primary high-pressure pump 12 is 1.0-1.8MPa, the reverse osmosis separation temperature of the secondary RO system is 10-50°C, and the pressure of the secondary high-pressure pump 12 is 1.0-1.8MPa, when the pressure is too high, it will automatically shut down for protection through the high pressure protection device.
处理系统还包括PLC控制系统和与PLC控制系统连接的触摸屏,PLC控制系统分别与收集曝气水箱1、反应曝气水箱2、浓缩水箱3、管式膜过滤系统4、活性炭过滤器5、回调曝气水箱6、保安过滤器7、一级RO系统8、浓水箱9、二级RO系统10和板框压滤机11、一级高压泵12、二级高压泵13、加碱装置21、加酸装置14、淡水箱15、第一提升泵16、第二提升泵17、循环泵18和污泥压滤泵19连接,用于控制各部件的动作和运行时间,使得整个系统能够自动运行、自动清洗。 The treatment system also includes a PLC control system and a touch screen connected to the PLC control system. The PLC control system is connected to the collection aeration water tank 1, the reaction aeration water tank 2, the concentrated water tank 3, the tubular membrane filtration system 4, the activated carbon filter 5, and the callback Aeration water tank 6, security filter 7, primary RO system 8, concentrated water tank 9, secondary RO system 10, plate and frame filter press 11, primary high pressure pump 12, secondary high pressure pump 13, alkali adding device 21, Acid adding device 14, fresh water tank 15, first lift pump 16, second lift pump 17, circulation pump 18 and sludge filter press pump 19 are connected to control the action and running time of each component, so that the whole system can run automatically , Automatic cleaning.
利用本发明的系统对钢铁车间的镀镍废水进行零排放处理的方法包括以下步骤: Utilize the system of the present invention to carry out the method for zero-discharge treatment of the nickel-plating waste water of iron and steel workshop, comprise the following steps:
第一步,废水先收集至收集曝气水箱1中缓存,然后通过第一提升泵16打入反应曝气水箱2中,然后从加碱装置21中向反应曝气水箱2中加入碱溶液(如NaOH),使废水中的污染物与碱反应后生成固体沉淀(如镍离子与NaOH反应生成氢氧化镍); In the first step, the waste water is first collected to be buffered in the collection aeration water tank 1, then pumped into the reaction aeration water tank 2 through the first lift pump 16, and then an alkali solution is added to the reaction aeration water tank 2 from the alkali adding device 21 ( Such as NaOH), to make the pollutants in the wastewater react with the alkali to form solid precipitation (such as the reaction of nickel ions and NaOH to form nickel hydroxide);
第二步,包含该固体沉淀的废水被第二提升泵17打入浓缩水箱3中,在浓缩水箱3中,固体颗粒物沉淀下来,使得其内的废水分成上层清液和下层沉淀,其中的上层清液被循环泵18打入管式膜过滤系统4中,管式膜过滤系统4中固体沉淀的浓度保持在3-5%之间,而下层沉淀则被污泥压滤泵19压至板框压滤机11进行压滤,压滤后的污泥外运出去,形成的滤液则进入收集曝气水箱1; In the second step, the waste water containing the solid precipitation is pumped into the concentrated water tank 3 by the second lift pump 17. In the concentrated water tank 3, the solid particles are precipitated, so that the waste water in it is divided into a supernatant liquid and a lower layer of precipitation, wherein the upper layer The clear liquid is pumped into the tubular membrane filtration system 4 by the circulation pump 18, and the concentration of the solid precipitate in the tubular membrane filtration system 4 is kept between 3-5%, while the lower sediment is pressed to the plate by the sludge filter press pump 19. Frame filter press 11 performs pressure filtration, and the sludge after pressure filtration is transported out, and the formed filtrate enters the collection aeration water tank 1;
第三步,上层清液在管式膜过滤系统4中不断浓缩,使得含有固体沉淀的浓水与产水分离,浓水回流至浓缩水箱3再次浓缩沉淀,产水则经过活性炭过滤器5后进入到回调曝气水箱6,活性炭过滤器5能降低液体中的COD、吸附胶体和颗粒物杂质,然后从加酸装置14向回调曝气水箱6中加入酸溶液,调节pH至中性后进入保安过滤器7; In the third step, the supernatant is continuously concentrated in the tubular membrane filtration system 4, so that the concentrated water containing solid precipitation is separated from the product water, and the concentrated water is returned to the concentrated water tank 3 to concentrate and precipitate again, and the product water passes through the activated carbon filter 5 Entering the callback aeration water tank 6, the activated carbon filter 5 can reduce the COD, adsorbed colloid and particulate impurities in the liquid, and then add acid solution from the acid adding device 14 to the callback aeration water tank 6, adjust the pH to neutral and then enter the security filter7;
第四步,从保安过滤器7中流出的水通过一级高压泵12泵入一级RO系统8中,从一级RO系统8中出来的产水存至淡水箱15中,需要利用时,通过出水泵20将其泵出即可,而浓水则进入到浓水箱9中; In the fourth step, the water flowing out from the security filter 7 is pumped into the first-level RO system 8 through the first-level high-pressure pump 12, and the produced water from the first-level RO system 8 is stored in the fresh water tank 15. When it needs to be used, It can be pumped out by the outlet pump 20, and the concentrated water enters the concentrated water tank 9;
第五步,第二高压泵13将浓水箱9中的水泵入二级RO系统10中,从二级RO系统10中出来的产水存至淡水箱15中,需要利用时,通过出水泵20将其泵出即可,而浓水则回流至收集曝气水箱1中。 In the fifth step, the second high-pressure pump 13 pumps the water in the concentrated water tank 9 into the secondary RO system 10, and the produced water from the secondary RO system 10 is stored in the fresh water tank 15. It just needs to be pumped out, and the concentrated water is returned to the collecting aeration water tank 1 .
本发明首先通过向废水中加入碱来进行化学预处理,使得镍、铜、锌等金属离子变成沉淀,然后通过使用管式膜过滤系统4来过滤经过化学预处理的废水,使得沉淀经过板框压滤机11后外运出去,从而可以很好地清除钢铁车间的镀镍废水中的镍、铜、锌等金属离子,而且在整个过滤过程中无需再另设沉降池,也无需使用聚凝剂(PAM),过滤之后的水质清澈、不夹带微细的悬浮物,不用砂炭和超滤可将废水中的SDI降至1-3之间,因此可以做到达标排放。此外,管式膜过滤系统中的微孔滤膜可以完全去除水中的颗粒物质,较传统的工艺产出的污泥量少,采用管式大流量错流过滤,水流切向高速流过膜表面,在过滤的同时还有冲刷清洁膜表面的作用,污染物不易累积,膜面不易污染,能很好地承受酸性、碱性、漂白和氧化药剂的清洗,因此,管式膜过滤系统具有较长的使用寿命。 The present invention firstly carries out chemical pretreatment by adding alkali to wastewater, so that metal ions such as nickel, copper, and zinc become precipitates, and then filters the chemically pretreated wastewater by using a tubular membrane filtration system Frame filter press 11 is then transported out, so that metal ions such as nickel, copper, and zinc in the nickel-plating wastewater in the iron and steel workshop can be removed well, and there is no need to set up another settling tank in the whole filtration process, and there is no need to use a polymer filter. Coagulant (PAM), the water quality after filtration is clear and does not carry fine suspended solids. Without sand carbon and ultrafiltration, the SDI in wastewater can be reduced to between 1-3, so it can achieve standard discharge. In addition, the microporous membrane in the tubular membrane filtration system can completely remove particulate matter in the water, and the amount of sludge produced is less than that of the traditional process. The tubular high-flow cross-flow filtration is adopted, and the water flow tangentially flows through the membrane surface at high speed. , while filtering, it also has the function of scouring and cleaning the membrane surface, the pollutants are not easy to accumulate, the membrane surface is not easy to be polluted, and can well withstand the cleaning of acid, alkali, bleaching and oxidizing agents. Therefore, the tubular membrane filtration system has a relatively Long service life.
而且,本发明中的活性炭过滤器5能降低水中的COD、吸附胶体和颗粒物杂质,从而进一步清除废水中的不宜排放的物质,使得从钢铁车间排放出的镀镍废水变成符合标准的水。 Moreover, the activated carbon filter 5 in the present invention can reduce COD, adsorb colloids and particulate impurities in the water, thereby further removing unsuitable substances in the waste water, so that the nickel-plating waste water discharged from the iron and steel workshop becomes standard water.
在回调曝气水箱之后设置保安过滤器7、一级RO系统8、浓水箱9和二级RO系统10,可以实现钢铁车间的镀镍废水的零排放,这是因为,保安过滤器7可以清除水中遗留的颗粒物杂质,以保证一级RO系统8和二级RO系统10的正常运行。一级RO系统8和二级RO系统10利用反渗透法,通过反渗透膜可将溶质(离子、分子)与水分离,一级RO系统8中的半透膜能够去除绝大部分离子、质量分数90%-95%的溶解固形物、95%以上的溶解有机物和胶体,其对镍离子的截留率在98%以上,二级RO系统10中的半透膜对镍离子的截留率在99%以上;两级RO系统的联用能把经过管式膜过滤系统4后的废水中遗留的镍、铜、锌等金属离子清除,从而实现零排放,一级RO系统8的浓水进入浓水箱9后再进入二级RO系统10并将其产水存储起来利用,可以提高水处理的效率。 Set security filter 7, primary RO system 8, concentrated water tank 9 and secondary RO system 10 after callback aeration water tank, can realize zero discharge of nickel-plating waste water in iron and steel workshop, this is because security filter 7 can clear The particulate impurities left in the water are used to ensure the normal operation of the primary RO system 8 and the secondary RO system 10 . The first-level RO system 8 and the second-level RO system 10 use reverse osmosis to separate solutes (ions, molecules) from water through reverse osmosis membranes. The semi-permeable membrane in the first-level RO system 8 can remove most of the ions and mass The fraction of 90%-95% of dissolved solids, more than 95% of dissolved organic matter and colloids has a rejection rate of more than 98% for nickel ions, and the semi-permeable membrane in the secondary RO system 10 has a rejection rate of 99% for nickel ions. % or more; the combination of the two-stage RO system can remove nickel, copper, zinc and other metal ions left in the wastewater after the tubular membrane filtration system 4, so as to achieve zero discharge, and the concentrated water of the first-stage RO system 8 enters the concentrated After the water tank 9 enters the secondary RO system 10 and stores the produced water for use, the efficiency of water treatment can be improved.
根据上述说明书的揭示和教导,本发明所属领域的技术人员还可以对上述实施方式进行变更和修改。因此,本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式,对本发明的一些修改和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。此外,尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语,但这些术语只是为了方便说明,并不对本发明构成任何限制。 According to the disclosure and teaching of the above-mentioned specification, those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs can also make changes and modifications to the above-mentioned embodiment. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes to the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. In addition, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for convenience of description and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention.
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