CN104064096B - A kind of hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator - Google Patents

A kind of hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104064096B
CN104064096B CN201410193380.5A CN201410193380A CN104064096B CN 104064096 B CN104064096 B CN 104064096B CN 201410193380 A CN201410193380 A CN 201410193380A CN 104064096 B CN104064096 B CN 104064096B
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ring
stationary ring
rotating ring
motor
fuel tank
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CN104064096A (en
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谢日时
侯政华
丁城桥
毛晓雯
徐晓
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of novel fluid hydrodynamic lubrication demonstrator, including rotating ring, stationary ring, fuel tank, motor and actuating device equipped with silicone oil, described rotating ring and stationary ring are arranged in described fuel tank, and described stationary ring is arranged on the top of rotating ring, and described rotating ring and stationary ring oil seal;Connecting centrally through flat key of described rotating ring has main shaft, and described main shaft is connected with the electric machine shaft driving of described motor by described actuating device;During rotation, between described rotating ring and stationary ring, form oil film;The circumferentially spaced wedge-shaped projection that is equipped with on the lower surface of described stationary ring, the lower surface of described stationary ring and the upper surface of rotating ring cooperatively form the wedge gap of oil film;Being provided with through hole on the upper surface of described stationary ring, described through hole connection oil pressure display tube and wedge gap, the upper end of described oil pressure display tube communicates with external environment.

Description

A kind of hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator, belong to demonstration teaching aid.
Background technology
Engineering machinery works under severe working condition, bears big load and rushes frequently Hit, often break down, be at this moment accomplished by us and reduce each inter-agency friction, and reduce two Friction and wear most efficient method between individual friction pair, is introducing lubricant shape between friction pair Become lubricating film, lubricating film bear part or all of load, make friction pair smooth running, improve Device efficiency and life-span.Visible research lubrication is significant in engineering.Hydrodynamic lubrication exists Being maximally effective in various lubrications, its coefficient of friction and abrasion are the least, and oil film pair Surface have good protection, clean, cool down, rust inhibition, mechanically stable can be made to operate.Will Hydrodynamic lubrication applies to the dynamic transfer systems such as various steam turbine, gas turbine, gear-box In, play that its bearing capacity is big, power consumption is little, impact resistance, good anti-vibration, running accuracy high Feature, it is possible to be effectively improved mechanical movement efficiency and service life.
Therefore for the student of study mechanical major, the work of correct understanding fluid sliding bearing Make principle extremely important.But for fluid sliding bearing in current college course Machine Design Principle study is only merely on books some stiff abstract words and chart describes, and allows people be difficult to Understand, and impressionable, can not effectively grasp flesh and blood.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome existing teaching aid to understand tired to hydrodynamic lubrication principle learning process middle school student The shortcomings such as classroom efficiency difficult, directly perceived not is low, the present invention provides a kind of simple in construction, layout to close Manage, stablize speed change, vivid hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator, including rotating ring, stationary ring, equipped with silicone oil fuel tank, Motor and actuating device, described rotating ring and stationary ring are arranged in described fuel tank, described Stationary ring is arranged on the top of rotating ring, and described rotating ring and stationary ring oil seal;Described rotating ring Connecting centrally through flat key and have main shaft, described main shaft passes through described actuating device with described The electric machine shaft driving of motor connects;Time static, described stationary ring touches with rotating ring;During rotation, Oil film is formed between described rotating ring and stationary ring;It is characterized in that: the lower surface of described stationary ring The upper circumferentially spaced wedge-shaped projection that is equipped with, the lower surface of described stationary ring is upper with rotating ring Surface engagement forms the wedge gap of oil film;It is provided with through hole on the upper surface of described stationary ring, Described through hole connection oil pressure display tube and wedge gap, the upper end of described oil pressure display tube with External environment communicates;
Being provided with additional circuit between described rotating ring and stationary ring, described additional circuit includes electricity Source, wire and light bar, the negative pole of described power supply is connected with rotating ring by wire, described electricity The positive pole in source is connected with light bar, and described light bar is connected with stationary ring by wire;
The upper end of described main shaft is installed on described rotating ring, and the lower end of described main shaft is arranged On a chassis, described chassis is installed on the first fixed mount, outside the first described fixed mount It is arranged with one or six prism showing stands, can phase between described six prism showing stands and the first fixed mount To rotation, six sides of six described prism showing stands are respectively arranged with Graphic Panel.
Further, the lower end of described main shaft is connected with described chassis bolt by bearing block, Described main shaft is connected with fuel tank, box body bolt respectively by clutch shaft bearing, the second bearing, institute The fuel tank stated is installed in the upper surface of described casing.
Further, the upper bolt in described fuel tank connects the second fixed mount, and described is quiet The upper surface of ring be provided centrally with a central shaft, described central shaft is arranged on by bearing block In the described through hole on the second fixed mount.
Further, described actuating device includes the first synchronous pulley, the second synchronous pulley and set It is located at the belt pulley between the first synchronous pulley and the second synchronous pulley, the first described Timing Belt Take turns to be coordinated by pin key and be arranged on the motor shaft of described motor, the second described synchronous pulley Coordinated by pin key and be arranged on described main shaft, under the effect of motor, the first synchronous pulley Driving pulley movements, then drive the second synchronous pulley motion, the second synchronous pulley drives institute The rotating ring stated rotates.
Further, the threaded upper ends of described central shaft connects a scale pan.
Further, heater, described heater and a temperature control it are provided with in described fuel tank Instrument control system processed connects, and described temperature controller is arranged on described body side, described temperature It is provided with temperature display and temp control switch on degree controller.
Further, described motor is installed in described casing by motor fixing seat, described The motor shaft of motor and a rotating speed change speed gear box control to connect, described rotating speed change speed gear box is for there being level Regulation, and it is embedded in the side of described casing, described rotating speed change speed gear box is provided with speed governing rotation Button.
Further, in described fuel tank, be provided with temperature sensor, described temperature sensor with Alarm controls to connect, and described alarm is arranged on the side of described casing.
Further, the first annulus, the first described annulus it are installed with outside the first described fixed mount Outer nested second annulus, the second described annulus is installed on six described prism showing stands, and The first described annulus and the second annulus can relatively rotate;The first described annulus and the second annulus Between be provided with ball bearing.
Fuel tank of the present invention select hexagon acrylic board make, its light transmission is good, pure color, Attractive in appearance smooth, take into account two kinds of effects at night on daytime, length in service life, do not affect the features such as use. Use hexagonal design also for experimental phenomena can be observed from many aspects, more directly perceived with Clearly.
The present invention the first synchronous pulley and the second synchronous pulley all have employed cylinder synchronous pulley and pass Dynamic, such system behaves more smooth steady, will not send noise sound, and make material hold It is readily available, convenient batch production from now on.
The present invention has selected the motor of 300r/S, is reconfigured at arrangements for speed regulation, and being formed multistage has level Speed change, double synchronous belt pulley transmissions, make main axis stable.
Stationary ring of the present invention use abs plastics, have impact resistance, thermostability, lower temperature resistance, The advantage such as chemical proofing and excellent electrical properties.Use plastic construction, it is also possible to alleviate dress Putting weight, the convenient oil pressure produced can make external circuit bulb extinguish with jack-up stationary ring.
Rotating ring of the present invention is connected fixing by pin key with chassis, makes rotating ring more flat when rotating Surely, will not rock.
When the present invention is static, stationary ring contacts with rotating ring surface, when rotating ring rotates, oil can be carried Enter wedge gap, i.e. produce certain dynamic pressure bearing capacity, stationary ring jack-up can be come, make upper and lower ring Disengage and cause the open circuit of additional circuit to make little bulb extinguish.Described scale pan can be free Add extra external applied load, if improving rotating speed, still it is observed that bulb extinguishes.Described temperature Degree controller can arbitrarily regulate oil temperature between 0 ° to 110 °, turning knob to assigned temperature, Oil can be heated by heater at once, it is possible to qualitatively judges the oil temperature impact on experimental phenomena.Institute Stating rotating speed change speed gear box can have level to regulate rotating ring rotating speed, the range of accommodation of rotating speed be 0~300 turn every Minute, synchronous pulley rotating speed also changes simultaneously, and the speed of mainshaft also changes immediately, this Time can observe the most intuitively oil pressure display liquid in pipe lifting, can qualitatively judge turn The speed impact on experimental phenomena.
This device must strictly meet hydrldynamic pressure lubrication formed three essential conditions:
1) there is relative motion (roll or slide) between rotating ring with stationary ring two surface;
2) having wedge gap between rotating ring and stationary ring two surface, lubricating oil enters from big mouth, little Mouth flows out;
3) between rotating ring and stationary ring two surface, lubricant has certain viscosity.
The formation of hydrodynamic lubrication is substantially through three processes:
(1) stationary ring contacts with rotating ring due to deadweight when static, there is wedge shape between the two Gap;
(2) when rotating ring starts to rotate, due to viscosity and the adhesive force of metal surface of oil, Oil reservoir rotates together along with rotating ring.Oil reservoir is through wedge gap, owing to oil molecule is squeezed And the kinetic energy of itself, stationary ring is produced pressure, stationary ring is lifted up;
(3) when rotating ring reaches certain speed, oil is sufficiently large to the pressure of stationary ring, up and down Two ring surfaces are separated by oil film completely, thus define hydrldynamic pressure lubrication.
Rotating ring is rotatable, and stationary ring moves up and down only, it is impossible to rotate.When rotating ring starts to rotate, Two dishes form relative motion, and wedge-shaped oil film gap is formed, oil film (from big mouth to osculum) each point Pressure size be reacted on the height of oil pressure display tube, connecting each pipe fluid column peak can approximate Form an oil pressure curve.Respectively by controlling rotating ring rotating speed and controlling the temperature of oil, can determine Property analyze the speed of pressure current and the relation of thickness coefficient and the oil pressure curve of oil.
When rotating ring is static, upper and lower two ring contacts;When rotating ring has certain speed, can produce Raw certain axial thrust, makes stationary ring move upward, so that ring separates up and down.This kind of feelings Under condition, the displacement of stationary ring is smaller, it is difficult to directly observing whether two rings separate, the present invention adopts With LED bright dark come vivid represent upper and lower ring deciliter.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is embodied in:
1, this demonstrator can intuitively present oil pressure curve, allows student oneself probe into fluid and moves Relation between hydrodynamic lubrication performance and temperature, rotating speed and oil film inclination angle, sends out in hands-on Existing problem, solves problem, and such experimental teaching has more interest, and makes student more The operation principle understanding fluid sliding bearing of dramatic and engineering application, be effectively improved Classroom efficiency.
2, rotating ring rotating speed can be regulated, the temperature of oil, qualitative analysis dynamic pressure load and which factor Relevant and simple and reasonable, rationally distributed, whole instrument can be stablized, phenomenon is obvious.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing in Fig. 1 at I.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of stationary ring.
Fig. 4 is the top view of stationary ring and oil pressure display tube.
Fig. 5 is six prism showing stand top views.
Fig. 6 is body side schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Referring to figs. 1 through Fig. 6, a kind of hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator, including rotating ring 1, stationary ring 2, equipped with fuel tank 3, motor 14 and the actuating device of silicone oil, described rotating ring 1 and stationary ring 2 are arranged in described fuel tank 3, and described stationary ring 2 is arranged on the top of rotating ring 1, and institute Rotating ring 1 and stationary ring 2 oil seal stated;Connecting centrally through flat key 8 of described rotating ring 1 has Main shaft 18, the described main shaft 18 electricity by described actuating device with described motor 14 Arbor is in transmission connection;Time static, described stationary ring touches with rotating ring;During rotation, described is dynamic Oil film is formed between ring and stationary ring;Circumferentially spaced on the lower surface of described stationary ring it is all provided with Wedge-shaped projection 21, the lower surface of described stationary ring 2 is had to cooperatively form with the upper surface of rotating ring 1 The wedge gap of oil film;Through hole, described through hole it is provided with on the upper surface of described stationary ring 2 Connection oil pressure display tube 4 and wedge gap, the upper end of described oil pressure display tube 4 and extraneous ring Border communicates;
Additional circuit, described additional circuit bag it is provided with between described rotating ring 1 and stationary ring 2 Including power supply, wire and light bar, the negative pole of described power supply is connected with rotating ring 1 by wire, institute The positive pole of the power supply stated is connected with light bar, and described light bar is connected with stationary ring 2 by wire;
The upper end of described main shaft 18 is installed on described rotating ring 1, described main shaft 18 Lower end is arranged on a chassis 19, and described chassis 19 is installed on the first fixed mount, described The first fixed mount outside be arranged with one or six prism showing stands 15, six described prism showing stands 15 And can relatively rotate between the first fixed mount, six sides of six described prism showing stands 15 On be respectively arranged with Graphic Panel.
Further, the lower end of described main shaft 18 is by bearing block with described chassis bolt even Connect, described main shaft by clutch shaft bearing, the second bearing 9 respectively with fuel tank 3, casing 20 Bolt connects, and described fuel tank 3 is installed in the upper surface of described casing 20.
Further, the upper bolt in described fuel tank 3 connects the second fixed mount 7, described Stationary ring 2 upper surface be provided centrally with a central shaft 5, described central shaft 5 passes through axle Bearing is arranged in the through hole on the second described fixed mount 7.
Further, described actuating device includes first synchronous pulley the 11, second synchronous pulley 13 and the belt pulley 12 that is set between the first synchronous pulley 11 and the second synchronous pulley 13, The first described synchronous pulley 11 coordinates the motor shaft being arranged on described motor 14 by pin key On, the second described synchronous pulley 13 is arranged on described main shaft 18 by pin key cooperation, Under the effect of motor 14, the first tooth 11 is taken turns drive belt pulley 12 and is moved, and then drives the Two synchronous pulleys 13 move, and the second synchronous pulley 13 drives described rotating ring 1 to rotate.
Further, the threaded upper ends of described central shaft 5 connects a scale pan 6.
Further, heater, described heater and a temperature it are provided with in described fuel tank 3 Controller 202 controls to connect, and described temperature controller 202 is arranged on described casing 20 Side, described temperature controller 202 is provided with temperature display 203 and temperature controls to open Close.
Further, described motor 14 is installed in described casing by motor fixing seat 10 In 20, the motor shaft of described motor 14 and a rotating speed change speed gear box 201 control to connect, described Rotating speed change speed gear box 201 for there being level to regulate, and be embedded in the side of described casing 20, described Rotating speed change speed gear box 201 on be provided with speed governing knob.
Further, in described fuel tank, be provided with temperature sensor, described temperature sensor with Alarm 204 controls to connect, and described alarm 204 is arranged on the side of described casing.
Further, the first annulus 16, described first it are installed with outside the first described fixed mount Outer nested second annulus 17 of annulus 16, the second described annulus 17 is installed in six described ribs The first annulus 16 on post showing stand 15 and described and the second annulus 17 can relatively rotate; It is provided with ball bearing between described the first annulus 16 and the second annulus 17.
Fuel tank 3 of the present invention selects hexagon acrylic board to make, and its light transmission is good, color is pure Just, attractive in appearance smooth, take into account two kinds of effects at night on daytime, length in service life, do not affect use etc. Feature.Use hexagonal design also for observing experimental phenomena from many aspects, more Directly perceived and clear.
The present invention the first synchronous pulley 11 and the second synchronous pulley 13 all have employed cylinder Timing Belt Wheel transmission, such system behaves more smooth steady, will not send noise sound, and make material Material is readily available, convenient batch production from now on.
The present invention has selected the motor 14 of 300r/S, is reconfigured at arrangements for speed regulation, and being formed multistage has Level speed change, double synchronous belt pulley transmissions, make main axis stable.
Stationary ring 2 of the present invention uses abs plastics, have impact resistance, thermostability, lower temperature resistance, The advantage such as chemical proofing and excellent electrical properties.Use plastic construction, it is also possible to alleviate dress Putting weight, the convenient oil pressure produced can make external circuit bulb extinguish with jack-up stationary ring.
Rotating ring 1 of the present invention is connected fixing by pin key with chassis 19, makes rotating ring 1 when rotating More steady, will not rock.
When the present invention is static, stationary ring 2 contacts with rotating ring 1 surface, when rotating ring rotates, and can handle Wedge gap brought into by oil, i.e. produces certain dynamic pressure bearing capacity, stationary ring jack-up can be come, make Lower ring disengages and causes the open circuit of additional circuit to make little bulb extinguish.Described scale pan is permissible Freely add extra external applied load, if improving rotating speed, still it is observed that bulb extinguishes.Institute Stating temperature controller and can arbitrarily regulate oil temperature between 0 ° to 110 °, turning knob is to specifying Temperature, oil can be heated by heater at once, it is possible to qualitatively judges the oil temperature shadow to experimental phenomena Ring.Described rotating speed change speed gear box can have level to regulate rotating ring rotating speed, and the range of accommodation of rotating speed is 0~300 Rpm, synchronous pulley rotating speed also changes simultaneously, and the speed of mainshaft also changes immediately, Now can observe the lifting of oil pressure display liquid in pipe the most intuitively, can qualitatively judge The rotating speed impact on experimental phenomena.
Content described in this specification embodiment is only the row of the way of realization to inventive concept Lifting, protection scope of the present invention is not construed as being only limitted to the concrete shape that embodiment is stated Formula, protection scope of the present invention also and is caned according to present inventive concept in those skilled in the art The equivalent technologies means expected.

Claims (8)

1. hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator, including rotating ring, stationary ring, equipped with silicone oil fuel tank, Motor and actuating device, described rotating ring and stationary ring are arranged in described fuel tank, described Stationary ring is arranged on the top of rotating ring, and described rotating ring and stationary ring oil seal;Described rotating ring Connecting centrally through flat key and have main shaft, described main shaft passes through described actuating device with described The electric machine shaft driving of motor connects;Time static, described stationary ring touches with rotating ring;During rotation, Oil film is formed between described rotating ring and stationary ring;It is characterized in that: the lower surface of described stationary ring The upper circumferentially spaced wedge-shaped projection that is equipped with, the lower surface of described stationary ring is upper with rotating ring Surface engagement forms the wedge gap of oil film;Several oil it is provided with on the upper surface of described stationary ring Pressure display tube, the upper end of described oil pressure display tube communicates with external environment, between lower end and wedge shape Gap connects;
The upper end of described main shaft is installed on described rotating ring, and the lower end of described main shaft is arranged On a chassis, described chassis is installed on the first fixed mount, outside the first described fixed mount It is arranged with one or six prism showing stands, can phase between described six prism showing stands and the first fixed mount To rotation, six sides of six described prism showing stands are respectively arranged with Graphic Panel;
It is provided with heater, described heater and a temperature controller in described fuel tank to control Connecting, described temperature controller is arranged on another body side, described temperature controller On be provided with temperature display and temp control switch.
2. hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute The lower end of the main shaft stated is connected with described chassis bolt by bearing block, and described main shaft passes through Clutch shaft bearing, the second bearing are connected with fuel tank, described box body bolt respectively, described fuel tank It is installed in the upper surface of described casing.
3. hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: institute Upper bolt in the fuel tank stated connects has the second fixed mount, in the upper surface of described stationary ring The heart is provided with a central shaft, and described central shaft is arranged on described second by bearing block and fixes In through hole on frame.
4. hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: institute The actuating device stated includes the first synchronous pulley, the second synchronous pulley and is set in the first Timing Belt Belt pulley between wheel and the second synchronous pulley, the first described synchronous pulley is coordinated by pin key Being arranged on the motor shaft of described motor, the second described synchronous pulley coordinates peace by pin key Being contained on described main shaft, under the effect of motor, the first synchronous pulley drives pulley movements, Then the second synchronous pulley motion, the rotating ring described in the second synchronous pulley drive is driven to rotate.
5. hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: institute The threaded upper ends of the central shaft stated connects a scale pan.
6. hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: institute The motor stated is installed in described casing by motor fixing seat, the motor shaft of described motor Controlling to be connected with a rotating speed change speed gear box, described rotating speed change speed gear box is for there being level to regulate, and is embedded in institute The side of the casing stated, described rotating speed change speed gear box is provided with speed governing knob.
7. hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: institute Being provided with temperature sensor in the fuel tank stated, described temperature sensor controls even with alarm Connecing, described alarm is arranged on the side of described casing.
8. hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that: institute The first annulus it is installed with, outer nested second circle of the first described annulus outside the first fixed mount stated Ring, the second described annulus is installed on six described prism showing stands, and the first described circle Ring and the second annulus can relatively rotate;It is provided with rolling between the first described annulus and the second annulus Pearl bearing.
CN201410193380.5A 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 A kind of hydrldynamic pressure lubrication demonstrator Active CN104064096B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105719557A (en) * 2016-03-31 2016-06-29 浙江工业大学 Oil film pressure display module based on dynamic pressure bearing teaching
CN112524253B (en) * 2020-11-29 2022-07-29 山东正铭流体控制设备有限公司 Mechanical sealing device with heating and pneumatic stirring functions

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